Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode qualitative et méthode quantitative'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 dissertations / theses for your research on the topic 'Méthode qualitative et méthode quantitative.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse dissertations / theses on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
Ould, Ely Telmoudy Elbar. "Etude qualitative et quantitative de problèmes de coques élastiques non linéaires." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1994. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00344971.
Full textGuillot, Ludovic. "Spectrométrie gamma aéroportée : étude de nouvelles méthodes de traitement spectral et de calibration permettant une interprétation qualitative et quantitative des mesures." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS062.
Full textPonnusamy, Sangeeth saagar. "Simulation product fidelity : a qualitative & quantitative system engineering approach." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30398/document.
Full textIn using Modeling and Simulation for the system Verification & Validation activities, often the difficulty is finding and implementing consistent abstractions to model the system being simulated with respect to the simulation requirements. A proposition for the unified design and implementation of modeling abstractions consistent with the simulation objectives based on the computer science, control and system engineering concepts is presented. It addresses two fundamental problems of fidelity in simulation, namely, for a given system specification and some properties of interest, how to extract modeling abstractions to define a simulation product architecture and how far does the behaviour of the simulation model represents the system specification. A general notion of this simulation fidelity, both architectural and behavioural, in system verification and validation is explained in the established notions of the experimental frame and discussed in the context of modeling abstractions and inclusion relations. A semi-formal ontology based domain model approach to build and define the simulation product architecture is proposed with a real industrial scale study. A formal approach based on game theoretic quantitative system refinement notions is proposed for different class of system and simulation models with a prototype tool development and case studies. Challenges in research and implementation of this formal and semi-formal fidelity framework especially in an industrial context are discussed
Do, Thi Kieu Tiên. "Évaluation des performances de la chromatographie sur couche mince haute performance (HPTLC) dans l’analyse (qualitative et quantitative) des métabolites secondaires dans les extraits naturels." Thesis, Université Côte d'Azur (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016AZUR4096/document.
Full textThe analysis of natural extracts is nowadays performed with numerous techniques more or less complex. Among these techniques, the HPTLC is well known as a tool for phytochemical identification. The aim of this thesis was to study the contribution of this technique in the analysis of natural extracts outside its "identification" appearance. This work led to various studies to highlight little known applications of HPTLC such as its use as a semi-preparative technique. In addition, its ability to have a robust stationary phase to different matrices was tested. It has been demonstrated that this characteristic gave the advantage of proceeding more minimalist sample preparation than other chromatographic techniques. The quantitative aspect was evaluated and compared with HPLC and was able to demonstrate that similar results are obtained, however, the lack of resolution and accuracy do not allow the HPTLC has to wait sometimes requested requirements. Finally, the analysis of a large number of samples has allowed to show an advantage of the HPTLC in the data reprocessing, whether by visual grouping or obtained by statistical retreatment profiles
Dolez, Charlotte. "L'écume des news : sociologie politique des usages des informations à partir d'entretiens de couple." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013IEPP0037.
Full textHow do citizens receive and interpret political news to which they are daily exposed? This PhD thesis deals with the context in which people are exposed to news and sheds light on the diversity of their interpretation. Emphasis is put on media uses and on the investigation of their political implications. The results are based on a mixed method approach (quantitative and qualitative). The qualitative approach offers an inventive interview protocol with French couples, in Paris region and in the North of France. The results focus on exposure to news, attention to news and interpretation. All citizens are exposed to news in daily routine, within their work and family lives. They do not seek for information, regardless of their level of political interest or their social background. Consequently, their attention to news is variable because it is dependent on this context. Not only is attention reliant on citizens’ interests in the political scene and public action but also on the way the media present and construct news. I identify four types of interpretation. Their diversity relies on deeply rooted political convictions, which guide the interpretation, and on the way personal and media experiences are combined. This PhD thesis also singles out the frameworks of interpretation used by citizens to make sense of the world around them and how information contributes to their construction
Demri, Amel. "Contribution à l'évaluation de la fiabilité d'un système mécatronique par modélisation fonctionnelle et dysfonctionnelle." Phd thesis, Université d'Angers, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00467277.
Full textTamisier-Karolak, Laurence. "Application de la modélisation gaussoexponentielle du pic chromatographique à l'étude de l'influence du vieillissement des colonnes chromatographiques sur la validation d'une méthode de dosage." Paris 11, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA114828.
Full textRosier, Philippe. "La Fasciathérapie Méthode Danis Bois et la récupération physique, mentale et somato-psychique du sportif de haut niveau: Evaluation quantitative et qualitative auprès d’une population de sportifs de haut niveau." Doctoral thesis, [s.n.], 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10284/4248.
Full textThis work focuses on fasciatherapy applied to the recovery of high level athletes and attempts to answer the question “How and in what way does fasciatherapy participate in the physical, mental and somato-psychic recovery of high level athletes?” In order to do this, I have presented the theoretical side of the therapies addressing the fascia and in particular the Danis Bois fasciatherapy method, as well as the theoretical side of physical, psychological and somato-psychic recovery in the field of sports. I have approached this research from the viewpoint of a practitioner-researcher in order to gain better understanding of the somato-psychic impact of fasciatherapy on the recovery of ten high level athletes who are deemed to be "in good shape" and who practice sports intensively on a daily basis. This research uses a mixed methodology. The first one is qualitative and is based on interviews. It develops an analysis inspired by phenomenology on a case by case basis and a transverse hermeneutic interpretation. The second one is quantitative and uses a questionnaire based on Likert scales. This research translates the impact of fasciatherapy on seventeen indicators of physical, psychological and somato-psychic recovery.
Ce travail porte sur la fasciathérapie appliquée à la récupération des sportifs de haut niveau et tente de répondre à la question « En quoi et comment la fasciathérapie participe-t-elle à la récupération physique, mentale et somato-psychique des sportifs de haut niveau ? » Pour cela, j’ai présenté le champ théorique des thérapies s’adressant aux fascias et notamment la fasciathérapie méthode Danis Bois, ainsi que le champ théorique de la récupération physique, psychique et somato-psychique dans le domaine du sport. J’ai abordé cette recherche avec une posture de praticien-chercheur afin de mieux comprendre les impacts somato-psychiques de la fasciathérapie sur la récupération de dix sportifs de haut niveau réputés « en pleine forme », confrontés à leur pratique sportive intensive quotidienne. Cette recherche déploie une méthodologie mixte. La première, qualitative, est basée sur des entretiens et développe une analyse d’inspiration phénoménologique cas par cas et une interprétation herméneutique tranversale. La seconde, quantitative, est basée sur un questionnaire à base d’échelles de Likert. Cette recherche traduit l’impact de la fasciathérapie sur dix-sept indicateurs de la récupération physique, psychique et somato-psychique.
Este trabalho sobre a fasciaterapia aplicada à recuperação dos atletas de alto nível, tenta responder à questão "De que forma a fasciaterapia participa na recuperação física, psicológica e somático-psíquica dos atletas de alta competição?" Para tal, o trabalho teórico apresentado incide nas terapias fasciais (fascia), nomeadamente a fasciaterapia método Danis Bois, e na recuperação física, psicológica e somáticopsíquica no domínio desportivo. Assumi esta investigação adoptando uma postura de praticante-investigador no âmbito de compreender melhor os impactos somatopsíquicos da fasciaterapia na recuperação de 10 atletas considerados "em boa forma" e confrontados a uma prática desportiva quotidiana. Esta investigação desenvolve uma metodologia mista. A primeira, qualitativa, é baseada em entrevistas e desenvolve uma análise de inspiração fenomenológica caso a caso e uma interpretação hermenêutica transversal. A segunda, quantitativa, é baseada num questionário baseado nas escalas de Likert. Esta pesquisa reflecte o impacto da fasciaterapia sobre 17 indicadores de recuperação física, psicológica e somático-psíquica.
Ben, Younes Ridha. "Contribution à l'amélioration qualitative et quantitative des images de médecine nucléaire en tomographie d'émission à simple photon." Besançon, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BESA2008.
Full textMathieu, Sassolas. "Méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives pour la détection d'information cachée." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00683086.
Full textSassolas, Mathieu. "Méthodes qualitatives et quantitatives pour la détection d'information cachée." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066581.
Full textAchard, Antoine. "Analyse de la politique industrielle de la Région Nouvelle-Aquitaine : apports des méthodes quantitatives et qualitatives." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019BORD0212/document.
Full textThis thesis takes public policy analysis as theoretical framework to propose an analysis of regional industrial policy. Our analysis is based on historic, quantitative and qualitative methods.In a context where industrial public policy leans towards regionalization, under the influence of French decentralization and regionalization of European Union policies, we try to understand the mechanics of regional industrial policy through the case of Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine. A policy inherited of the “planning policy”, and influenced by Colbertism and German model focused on mid-sized companies.Our first approach is quantitative and studies public grants allocated to industrial firms by the Region Nouvelle-Aquitaine. This analysis combines economic geography indicators and demonstrate a concentration phenomenon on a small group of regional companies.We extend by reintroducing complexity in the analysis thanks to rich qualitative materials: interviews with industrial leaders and institutional managers, and press archives
Villeneuve, Véronique. "Détermination de l'endommagement du béton par méthode pétrographique quantitative." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27962/27962.pdf.
Full textLegrand, Nathalie. "Modèle multiphysique et méthodes d'analyse in-situ, non destructives, qualitatives et quantitatives de diverses sources de vieillissement d'accumulateurs lithium-ion." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013LORR0240.
Full textOptimisation of a battery life time requires the prediction of its ageing and the identification of the involved ageing mechanisms. In order to avoid the limitations due to standard ageing characterisation methods (performance evaluations conducted regularly along ageing and post-mortem characterisations), other tools allowing assessment of the electrode state without deterioration along the life time, have been tested. It concerns a multiphysic model of lithium-ion battery and two methods for in-situ parameter extraction: the first is based on the study of the derivative of the tension profile and the second one, on the difference between the slope of the tension profiles at the fresh state and at the considered state. The non-available parameters required for set up of the multiphysic model for one battery have been evaluated for different states of charge and various temperatures. This model has been validated by comparison with experimental measurements. The application of these tools is illustrated for three different ageing mechanisms. Moreover these methods have been especially applied for the case of lithium plating ageing. Use of the VL41M Saft model allowed to set up an abacus of the limiting charge currents and an experimental validation has been performed in using the method so-called derivation method
Ly, Henri. "Troubles d'apprentissage et dépression chez les enfants à « hautes potentialités » : Analyse qualitative et quantitative." Paris 7, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PA070133.
Full textHigh potental Children reprsent 1% of the population. But only 3% to 5% of them were detected. Our Study concerns their leaning disability and depression. From a national inquiry with a questionnaire for the gifted children (MDI-C) and for their parents as well, and with the help of ANPEIP (A french national association for gifted children), a data base was set up. We try to find out some elements impacting leaning disability and depression with statistic tools and have also build two logistic models
Marques, Manata Sofia. "Le développement et la mise en application de la créativité relationnelle en contexte d’impasses relationnelles : une étude heuristique." Thèse, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11336.
Full textHussein, Saïd. "Définition des besoins en intelligence économique par profils de PME : une étude combinant les deux méthodes quantitative et qualitative sur des PME de Midi-Pyrénées." Toulouse 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU10029.
Full textThis thesis highlights the requirements for the competitive intelligence (CI) in small medium-sized enterprises (SME). However, even though the large French enterprises understood the need for CI, it is still not the case for SME yet. Our research relates the definition phase of the international requirements to both the environment of the SME and to the contents of these requirements. This work contributes to the design of a method defining information systems for CI systems (MEDESIIE). This work is more specifically focused on : 1)the definition of typical profiles for SME, 2)the identification of the types of requirements in CI for the leaders of SME, 3) and the identification of existing correlations between these requirements in CI expressed by the leaders for SME on one hand, and the "objective" characteristics of their enterprises, on the other hand. An empirical study of sixty five SME was performed in the framework of this research following to a combination of two methods : quantitative and qualitative
Fanchon, Louise. "Autoradiographie quantitative d'échantillons prélevés par biopsie guidée par TEP/TDM : méthode et applications cliniques." Thesis, Brest, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BRES0018.
Full textDuring the last decade, positron emission tomography (PET) has been finding broader application in oncology. Some tumors that are non-visible in standard anatomic imaging like computerized tomography (CT) or ultrasounds, can be detected by measuring in 3D the metabolic activity of the body, using PET imaging. PET images can also be used to deliver localized therapy like radiation therapy or ablation. In order to deliver localized therapy, the tumor border has to be delineated with very high accuracy. However, the poor spatial resolution of PET images makes the segmentation challenging. Studies have shown that manual segmentation introduces a large inter- and intra- variability, and is very time consuming. For these reasons, many automatic segmentation algorithms have been developed. However, few datasets with histopathological information are available to test and validate these algorithms since it is experimentally difficult to produce them. The aim of the method developed was to evaluate PET segmentation algorithms against the underlying histopathology. This method consists in acquiring quantitative autoradiography of biopsy specimen extracted under PET/CT guidance. The autoradiography allows imaging the radiotracer distribution in the biopsy specimen with a very high spatial accuracy. Histopathological sections of the specimen can then obtained and observed under the microscope. The autoradiography and the micrograph of the histological sections can then be registered with the PET image, by aligning them first with the biopsy needle seen on the CT image and then transferring them onto the PET image. The next step was to use this dataset to test two PET automatic segmentation algorithms: the Fuzzy Locally Adaptive Bayesian (FLAB) developed at the Laboratory of Medical Information Processing (LaTIM) in Brest, France, as well as a fix threshold segmentation method. However, the reliability of the dataset produced depends on the accuracy of the registration of the PET, autoradiography and micrograph images. The main source of uncertainty in the registration of these images comes from the registration between the CT and the PET. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the registration, a method was developed. The results obtained with this method showed that the registration error ranges from 1.1 to 10.9mm. Based on those results, the dataset obtained from 4 patients was judged satisfying to test the segmentation algorithms. The comparison of the contours obtained with FLAB and with the fixed threshold method shows that at the point of biopsy, the FLAB contour is closer than that to the histopathology contour. However, the two segmentation methods give similar contours, because the lesions were homogeneous
Martel, Dimitri. "Spectroscopie 2D de corrélation quantitative : Méthode de quantification, études expérimentales et applications in vivo." Thesis, Lyon, INSA, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ISAL0004/document.
Full textIn in vivo Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (MRS), the main methods used allow metabolite concentration quantification using signals having one spectral dimension. This work focuses on the development of in vivo two dimensional correlated MRS in order to increase spectral resolution and quantification precision. The first axis is about the development of a method based on a 2D localized correlation MRS (L-COSY) for brain metabolite exploration. The L-COSY is implemented and studied on a small animal scanner. A dedicated quantification procedure operating in the acquisition domain is described. This latter is based on 1) a strong prior knowledge obtained by quantum mechanically simulate the effect of sequence on metabolite spin systems 2) a model function taking into account the relaxation weighting 3) constraints on the relaxation term linked to the field inhomogeneity effects which are assumed to act the same way on all the spins. Results are given experimentally using metabolites phantoms and through a comparison to other existing 2D MRS method, namely the J-resolved MRS (with the JPRESS sequence) using the Cramer Rao Lower Bounds (CRBs) theory. Although its inherent loss of signal to noise ratio is a disadvantage compared to J-PRESS, L-COSY quantification shows theoretically competitive relative CRBs, and even smaller CRBs for some coupled metabolites (e.g Glutamine or GABA), for an acquisition time similar to JPRESS. Second axis is about the adaptation of the 2D correlation MRS for the in vivo lipid metabolism study in the liver and subcutaneous adipose tissues of obese mice at 7T. This application shows the feasibility of 2D correlated MRS to be acquired on a moving organ and its quantitative relevance for triglyceride quantification and characterization in fatty liver and subcutaneous tissue
Vera, Vincent. "Etude et développement d'une méthode rapide et quantitative pour évaluer les mélanges d'herbicides appliqués sur céréales." Aix-Marseille 3, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000AIX30029.
Full textHolste, Angela Sarah. "Développement des méthodes bio analytique pour l’analyse quantitative et qualitative des peptides et protéines marqués par le couplage de la chromatographie et la spectrométrie de masse." Thesis, Pau, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PAUU3004/document.
Full textThis PhD thesis was a Cotutelle between the Université de Pau et des Pays de l’Adour (UPPA) in Pau, France and the Christian-Albrechts University (CAU) in Kiel, Germany. In the course of this international collaboration, bio-analytical methods for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of labelled peptides and proteins were developed, which were based on the hyphenation of chromatography with mass spectrometry. Peptides and protein digests were lanthanide labelled using DOTA-based compounds according to an optimised protocol. Separation on the peptide level was performed using IP-RP-nanoHPLC. Complementary data sets were acquired using MALDI-MS for identification and ICP-MS for quantification. In this context, an online precleaning step was developed and implemented in the nanoHPLC separation routine, which allowed for effective removal of excess reagents. This lead to lowered metal backgrounds during ICP-MS measurements and thus better data interpretability, while guarding peptide recovery at a maximum level. An alternative offline purification using solid phase extraction (SPE) resulted in important peptide losses and can be considered unsuitable for quantitative analysis. Additives to the nanoHPLC eluents, such as HFBA and EDTA were tested and not deemed beneficial for the analysis of normal peptide samples. HFBA can be reconsidered for special application on very hydrophilic peptide species. A set of labelled peptides was developed, which due to application of known quantities could be employed for quick and simple quantification of a low complexity digest sample. In addition this peptide set allowed for the reliable superposition of chromatograms, enabling sample comparability especially for complementary ICP-MS and MALDI-MS data. Experiments for application of fsLA-ICP-MS on MALDI-MS target plates were conducted and showed very promising results. For this purpose, samples that were already identified using MALDI-MS were supposed to be remeasured using fsLA-ICP-MS. First quantification attempts on the modified steel target plate were successful and in the range of expectance. Adjusted parameters for MALDI-MS allowed for proper peptide identifications
Almeida, Mathieu. "Caractérisation de flores microbiennes intestinale humaine et fromagère par méthode de métagénomique quantative." Thesis, Paris 11, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA112076/document.
Full textThe microbial flora is a micro-organism complex containing for example bacteria, archaea, lower eukaryotes and viruses, which play an important role in ecosystem equilibrium. This flora remains poorly defined as in 2012, only ~30% of the intestinal flora micro-organisms have been characterized, and less than 50% of traditional cheese floras were characterized at the functional level. Since 2006, the second generation of DNA sequencers have allowed the direct analysis of the genetic content from a microbial flora sample without isolation or culture limitation. However, the DNA reads generated are not structured with respect to genomes and also are highly fragmented, slowing down dramatically the exploitation and analysis of these data.In this work, a new methodology based on quantitative metagenomic are described., This allows the clustering of short DNA sequences with the same abundance in multiple metagenomic samples, which should originate from the same microbial species. A 3.9 million gene catalog has been built from the human intestinal tract microbiota and divided into 741 units or clusters corresponding to bacteria, archaea and eukaryote genomes. These have been defined as metagenomic species (MGS) and 6640 units of them corresponds mainly to viral genomes, plasmids and genetic islands like CRISPR, with the sub-name of metagenomic units (MGU). This methodology was then used to facilitate the association analysis of the intestinal flora composition with human diseases such as Crohn’s disease, obesity or type 2 diabetes. Within, the alimentary flora, our methods have also been used to constitute a 134 genomic catalog of cheese bacteria and characterize them from the surface of traditional cheeses. This allowed the detection of new alimentary bacteria, that will enriched the list of bacteria with potential interest for the commercial exploitation of fermented products
Zhang, Xiaoyun. "Développement d'un système d'imagerie qualitatif et quantitatif microonde pour le contrôle de l'écoulement de l'eau dans une colonne de sol." Aix-Marseille 1, 2010. http://theses.univ-amu.fr.lama.univ-amu.fr/2010AIX11015.pdf.
Full textWe present a new microwave probing technique which aims to monitor the variation of the soil water content at the depth of the crop roots. The dielectric permittivity plays a key role in this technique. Indeed, it is directly related to the soil water content and numerous models are formed to reveal their relationship. Meanwhile, it determines the interactions between the medium and the electromagnetic field which are governed by the Helmholtz equation. Besides, recovering the permittivity profile of the medium from the electromagnetic field is an inverse scattering problem. Therefore, one can access the map of water content in soil by solving an inverse scattering problem. A circular scanner which is designed for studying the 2D problem is employed to send and receiver back the electromagnetic signal which interacts with a soil column placed inside its cavity. The direct propagation problem corresponding to this configuration is formulated and solved with the FEM method. It serves to calibrate the imaging system and to generate the simulated data which will be useful to test the inversion methods discussed during this PhD work. In order to reduce the ill-posedness of the inverse scattering problem, we studied both qualitative imaging methods and quantitative ones. The support information of the scatterers provided by the qualitative methods may be of interest when used as an initial guess in the quantitative methods which can retrieve the refractive index of the medium. Three qualitative methods are studied, the DORT (Decomposition of the time reversal operator) method, the MUSIC (MUltiple-Signal-classification) method and the LSM (Linear sampling method) method. We also proposed the EDORT method which can cope with extended-size targets. Two quantitative methods based on the CG (Conjugate Gradient) minimization scheme are provided. The first one does not use any a priori information. The second one use some shape a priori information which is introduced into the inversion scheme by means of a modified Heaviside function coupled with a level set formalism. In order to test the ability of these inversion methods to monitor the variation of the soil water content, we simulate the water diffusive process in a soil column by solving the Richards equation and couple these simulations with the FEM software, and then the ‘measured’ fields with respect to time are obtained. The LSM method and the two quantitative methods are tested with this synthetic data. Besides, a controlled water diffusive process which occurs in a soil column was experimentally realized. The associated electromagnetic fields were measured using the circular scanner. The imaging results of the LSM method on the experimental data are also presented
Coullomb, Alexis. "Développement de substrats actifs et d'une méthode d'analyse de FRET quantitative pour décoder la mécanotransduction." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAY044/document.
Full textLiving cells can react to mechanical signals such as the rigidity of the surface they adhere on, the traction or compression forces applied on them, the liquid flow at their membrane surface or the geometry of their adhesions or of their overall shape. Those signals influence cellular processes such as proliferation, differentiation, migration or cell death. Those processes are tightly regulated by biochemical reactions that constitute a signaling network. Mechanotransduction is the translation of the mechanical signal into the biochemical one.In order to study mechanotransduction, we have considered the use of ultrasounds to mechanically stimulate cells at relatively high temporal and spatial frequencies. Numerous setups and options have been considered in this very exploratory project. Finally, we will retain some promising leads for the continuation of this project.We have developed what we call active substrates that allows us to control both spatially and temporally the mechanical stimulation on living cells. Those active substrates consist of iron micropillars embedded in a soft elastomer and actuated by 2 electromagnets. We can control dynamically the displacement of the pillar that will deform locally and continuously the surface. This deformation will then deform in traction or in compression the living cells spread on the surface nearby. Thanks to fluorescent trackers we can perform Traction Force Microscopy and monitor the stress applied by the pillars to the cells through the PDMS surface, and we can look at the mechanical response of the cells. Moreover, those substrates are compatible with live cell fluorescence microscopy, which makes possible the observation of the cellular response at the morphological level (focal adhesions, protrusive activity, …) and most importantly at the biochemical level.Indeed, in order to study the cellular biochemical response after a mechanical stimulation, we use fluorescence microscopy to observe biosensors containing pairs of donor/acceptor fluorophores. Those biosensors allow us to monitor the activity of proteins implied in cellular signaling by computing the Förster Resonance Energy Transfer (FRET) efficiency of those biosensors. To do so, samples are alternatively excited at donor and acceptor excitation wavelengths. The fluorescence signal is then simultaneously measured in donor and acceptor emission channels. A substantial part of my thesis has been dedicated to the development of a quantitative method to analyze fluorescence images in order to measure FRET efficiencies that do not depend on experimental factors or biosensors concentration in cells. We assess different methods to compute standard correction factors that account for spectral bleed-through and direct excitation of acceptors at donor excitation wavelength. To obtain more quantitative measurements, we have developed a new method to compute 2 additional correction factors. We compare this method with the only one preexisting, and we assess the influence of image processing parameters on FRET efficiency values
Le, Duff Franck. "Enrichissement quantitatif et qualitatif de relations conceptuelles des bases de connaissances médicales par extraction et héritage automatique par des méthodes informatiques et probabilistes." Rennes 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006REN1B094.
Full textParret, Frederic. "Méthode d'analyse sélective et quantitative d'un mélange gazeux à partir d'un microcapteur à oxyde métallique nanoparticulaire." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Toulouse - INPT, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00012018.
Full textParret, Frédéric. "Méthode d'analyse sélective et quantitative d'un mélange gazeux à partir d'un microcapteur à oxyde métallique nanoparticulaire." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2006. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/7430/1/parret.pdf.
Full textDjerboua, Abdelatif. "Prédétermination des pluies et crues extrêmes dans les Alpes franco-italiennes : prévision quantitative des pluies journalières par la méthode des analogues." Grenoble INPG, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001INPG0030.
Full textKlaes, Benjamin. "Nouvelle méthode d'imagerie 3D et d'analyse quantitative des défauts ponctuels et amas de défauts pour l'étude du vieillissement des matériaux." Thesis, Normandie, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020NORMR048.
Full textThe field ion microscope is an instrument that can provide an image of the surface of a metallic sample at the atomic scale. The technique is therefore interest in materials sciences to quantify and characterized the finest crystalline defects. The sample used is a sharp needle carried at a potential of several kilovolts. The image of the surface is obtained by ionization of an image gas under the effect of the electric field at the apex of the tip. Under the effect of this electric field the tip can also be progressively eroded to allow a series of images of the sample at different depths. The objective of this work is to use these images to obtain a 3D reconstruction at the atomic scale of the analyzed sample. The post-processing algorithm, developed in this work, leading to the 3D reconstruction of the volume, is based on different image processing. Reconstructions made on a pure material (tungsten) give very encouraging results. In the best reconstructed areas, the detection efficiency reaches 100% and the spatial resolutions achieved are 0.35Å in the direction of analysis and 1.25Å in the orthogonal direction to the direction analysis. Some defects, such as grain boundaries or cavities, could be reconstructed and observed in the 3D volumes. Automatic detection and characterization tools for crystallographic lattice and defects were also developed
Truc, Loïc. "Développement et application d'une méthode de reconstitution paléoclimatique quantitative basée sur des données polliniques fossiles en Afrique australe." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20200/document.
Full textLocated at the interface between tropical and temperate climate systems, southern Africa is a particularly sensitive region in terms of long-term climate change. However, few reliable paleoclimatic records exist from the region – largely as a result of the arid climate with precludes the preservation of wetland sequences - , and virtually no quantitative reconstructions are available.The aim of this thesis is to develop quantitative palaeoclimate reconstruction method based the relation between modern plant distributions and climate in southern Africa. We develop botanical-climatological transfer functions derived from probability density functions (pdfs), allowing for quantitative estimates of the palaeoclimatic variables to be calculated from fossil pollen assemblages. In addition, a species-selection method (SSM) based on Bayesian statistics is outlined, which provides a parsimonious choice of most likely plant species from what are otherwise taxonomically broad pollen-types. This method addresses limitations imposed by the low taxonomic resolution of pollen identification, which is particularly problematic in areas of high biodiversity such as many regions of southern Africa.This methodology has been applied to pollen record from Wonderkrater (South Africa). Results indicate that temperatures during both the warm and cold season were 6±2°C colder during the Last Glacial Maximum and Younger Dryas, and that rainy season precipitation during the Last Glacial Maximum was ~50% of that during the mid-Holocene. Our results also imply that changes in precipitation at Wonderkrater generally track changes in Mozambique Channel sea-surface temperatures, with a steady increase following the Younger Dryas to a period of maximum water availability at Wonderkrater ~3-7 ka. These findings indicate that the northern and southern tropics experienced similar climatic trends during the last 20 kyr, and highlight the role of variations in sea-surface temperatures over the more popularly perceived role of a shifting Intertropical Convergence Zone in determining long-term environmental trends.This method has also been applied to a pollen record from Pakhuis Pass, in the Fynbos Biome (South Africa). Results show the limitations of quantitative methods, with only unrealistically low amplitude being reconstructed between the Last Glacial Maximum and Holocene (~2°C). However, results indicate that the reconstructed temperature trends, if not amplitudes, are similar to trends observed in Antarctic ice core records. Further, in reconstructing past humidity, we show that over the last 18 kyr, cooler conditions appear to be generally wetter at the site. These results are consistent with Cockcroft model (1987), derived from equatorward shift of the westerlies resulting from expansions of the circum-polar vortex.This study shows the potential of using modern plant distributions to estimates past climate parameters in southern Africa, and the species selection method proves to be a useful tool in region with high biodiversity. This work provides a novel perspective in the region, where no quantitative paleoclimatic reconstructions have been available. However, results from Pakhuis Pass highlight some of the limitations of this methodology, which will be subject of future work in this promising field of inquiry
Abraham, Grégory. "Etude et développement d'une méthode d'analyse par spectroscopie infrarouge appliquée à la pyrolyse d'hydrocarbures en conditions supercritiques et transitoires." Thesis, Orléans, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009ORLE2056/document.
Full textA system of heat hexchanger against the current, using an endothermic fuel, is considered to answer the cooling of a SCRAMJET engine. The measure of the mass flow rate of pyrolysed and heated fuel as well as the chemical composition is necessary. This will allow to control and to optimize the functioning of such engine, as his thrust is in most cases determined by the nature and the flow rate of burned species. This study bears on the development of a method of characterization of fluid. The use of a Fourier transformed infrared spectrometer allows a not interfering analysis of the products of pyrolysis. This technology is linked to an experimental bench allowing the thermal degradation of a hydrocarbon in supercritical condition (to 60 bar, from 550°C to 900°C). A method is accomplished to acquire a quantitative and online measure of the majority products of gaseous phase. This one is based on a calibration with majority gases (methane, ethylene, ethane, propylene and propane) and a quantitative treatment of CLS type (Classical Least Square). Method is then applied to study pyrolysis in supercritical condition of different hydrocarbons (linear alkanes and kerosenes of trade). The results of this method are compared with those given by a chromatographic technique, and introduce good agreement (less than 5 % of distance). An approach in transitional of the decomposition of the n-dodécane by infrared spectroscopy allowed to follow qualitatively the evolution of the pyrolysis products
MALLARD, Fanny. "Développement d'une méthode d'évaluation quantitative des effets des projets d'infrastructures de transport terrestre sur les milieux naturels." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale de Nantes (ECN), 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01006355.
Full textGrandjean, Lapierre Émilie. "Enseignement et apprentissage autorégulé : une étude qualitative." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27496.
Full textDulais-Szkolnik, Florence. "Mise au point et validation d'une méthode de dosage d'acides aminés dans une pommade par HPLC." Bordeaux 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997BOR2P096.
Full textBamouni, Charles Karosy. "Décentralisation de l’éducation secondaire au Burkina Faso : perspectives et expériences d’appropriation des directeurs régionaux et des chefs d’établissements secondaires publics." Thèse, Université d'Ottawa / University of Ottawa, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10393/24117.
Full textCoron, Clotilde. "L’appropriation, les effets et l’évolution des politiques d’égalité professionnelle entre les femmes et les hommes dans les grandes entreprises : combiner les approches qualitative et quantitative pour appréhender ces politiques." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC0054/document.
Full textThis thesis, written while working under a CIFRE contract, studies the construction, the implementation and the effects of the gender equality policy at Orange. Using the appropriative perspective of management tools enriched by the concept of institutional logics, this work is based on various data, in particular: interviews, HR data, observations, internal documents. We show that the coexistence of various conceptions of gender equality within the company strongly affects the implementation of the gender equality policy within the entities, but also its construction, for both the collective bargaining agreement and the non-negotiated policy. The joint analysis of the implementation and of the effects of the policy, made possible by a mixed-method design, allows us to understand the quantifiable effects (or the absence of quantifiable effects) of a measure according to the way it is implemented within the entities. We underline the specificities of the collective bargaining about gender equality, notably due to the fact that gender equality cuts across various HR processes. Finally, we show the importance of the coexistence and articulation of the collective bargaining agreement and non-negotiated gender equality policy
Mansilla, Juan Camilo. "Résistance culturelle hybride des jeunes des quartiers populaires à l’ère du numérique : étude de cas et analyse quali-quantitative comparée (AQQC-QCA) de Medellin, Paris et Sao Paulo." Thesis, Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017USPCA123/document.
Full textBased on a qualitative comparative analysis (QQA), a method developed by (Ragin, 1987), we propose a theoretical model of the emergence of transmission of the cultural resistance practices of the low income youth from popular neighborhoods of Medellín (Colombia), Paris (France) and São Paulo (Brazil). Our results indicate that the cultural resistance practices of this population appears in two different settings. The first one (M[P+A] → R) happens when the moral communities (that is, not necessarily located in the same geographical area) reach a strong cultural identity, feeds on stigmatizing information flows from the central media sphere of the city (SMCV), and have either information resources offered by the set of public policies of popular intervention or widespread and free use of information and communication technologies related to the Internet. The second one (OA → R), occurs when the use of the TICs by this youth wins density following the growing perception that the government is not interested in attending theirs demands and needs. The current context of global exchange of real and virtual information a) modifies the cultural hybrid networks associated with moral communities and b) builds an urban experience of individuals starting with hybrid public spaces. Our theoretical proposition serves a better understanding of the evolution of the symbolosphere of the peripheral moral communities in the cities of the digital age and the nature of the information as developed by Schumann et Logan (2005) et Logan (2012)
A partir de un análisis cualitativo comparado (QCA), método concebido por Ragin (1987), proponemos un modelo teórico sobre la emergencia y la transmisión de las prácticas de resistencia cultural de los jóvenes de barrios populares de Medellín (Colombia), Paris (Francia) et São Paulo (Brasil). Nuestros resultados indican que las prácticas de resistencia cultural híbrida de estos jóvenes se producen en dos escenarios. El primero (M[P+A] → R) aparece cuando las comunidades morales (i.e., no necesariamente ubicadas en la misma zona geográfica) con una fuerte identidad colectiva, se alimentan de flujos de información estigmatizantes procedentes de la esfera mediática central de la ciudad (SMCV), y disponen ya sea de recursos informacionales ofrecidos por la existencia de políticas públicas de intervención popular, o bien de un acceso generalizado y libre a las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación relacionadas con Internet (TICi). El segundo (OA → R) emerge cuando el uso de las TICi por parte de estos jóvenes aumenta y tienen la percepción de que el gobierno no se interesa en ellos, ni en sus demandas ni en sus necesidades. El contexto global actual de intercambio presencial y virtual de información a) modifica las redes culturales híbridas asociadas a las comunidades morales, y; b) construye la experiencia urbana de los individuos a partir de espacios públicos híbridos. Nuestra propuesta teórica sirve, de manera general, para entender la evolución de la “simbolosfera” de las comunidades morales periféricas urbanas en la era digital, así como la naturaleza de la información propuesta por Schumann et Logan (2005) et Logan (2012)
Com base em uma análise qualitativa comparativa ou “Qualitative Comparative Analysis” (QCA), método desenvolvido por (Ragin, 1987), propomos um modelo teórico da emergência e da transmissão de práticas de resistência cultural entre jovens de baixa renda em territórios populares de Medellín (Colômbia), Paris (França) e São Paulo (Brasil). Nossos resultados indicam que as práticas de resistência cultural híbrida desses jovens seguem dois roteiros. O primeiro (M[P+A] → R), quando as comunidades morais (ou seja, não necessariamente localizados na mesma área geográfica) alcançam forte identidade coletiva, alimenta-se de fluxos de informação estigmatizantes oriundos da esfera de mídia central da cidade (SMCV) e dispõem seja de recursos de informação oferecidos pelo conjunto de políticas públicas de intervenção popular, seja de um aceso generalizado e livre as tecnologias de informação e comunicação relacionadas à Internet (TICi). O segundo (OA → R), quando o uso das TICs por esses jovens ganha densidade na medida em que amadurecem a percepção de que o governo não está interessado em atender suas demandas e necessidades. O atual contexto global de troca presencial e virtual de informações a) modifica as redes culturais híbridas associadas a comunidades morais e b) constrói a experiência urbana de indivíduos a partir de espaços públicos híbridos. Nossa proposta teórica serve, mais amplamente, para entender a evolução da “simbolosfera” das comunidades morais periféricas das cidades na era digital e a natureza da informação tal como desenvolvida por Schumann e Logan (2005) e Logan (2012)
Martial, Frédérique. "Détection et évolution des additifs du polypropylène à l'aide de la SFC et du couplage SFE/SFC : influence sur les propriétés physiques du polypropylène." Rouen, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ROUES050.
Full textMesradi, Mohammed Reda. "Mesures expérimentales et simulation Monte Carlo de la fonction de réponse d'un détecteur Si(Li) : application à l'analyse quantitative multi-élémentaire par XRF et PIXE." Strasbourg, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009STRA6188.
Full textIn order to diversify the analytical capabilities of the RaMsEs group by the X-ray fluorescence methods XRF and PIXE, quantitative analyses are being developed for environmental samples. Monte Carlo simulations are being used to validate some of the results. The XRF experiments are being performed using 241Am as the primary source of electromagnetic radiation. PIXE experiments are done with protons delivered by the 4 MV Van de Graaff accelerator of the Institut d'Electronique du Solide et des Systèmes (InESS) Laboratory of Strasbourg. Determination of the elemental composition of a sample is based on the measurement of X-rays emitted by the elements present in the sample in conjunction with the detector response and, for all except thin targets, the self-absorption of X-rays in the target (matrix effect). In XRF the self-absorption was experimentally determined by a method described in [Leroux et al. , 1966; Tertian and Claisse, 1982] and by simulations with the MCNP code. For PIXE the self-absorption was determined by MCNP. The intrinsic efficiency of the Si(Li) detector has been determined by three methods: with calibrated radioactive sources, XRF by 241Am of metal foils and PIXE with 2 and 3. 8 MeV protons. The experimental results were comforted with MCNP and GEANT simulations
Clément, Valérie. "Mise au point et validation d'une méthode quantitative pour évaluer le nombre de copies de régions chromosomiques spécifiques (CNV) dans de grands échantillons." Thesis, Université Laval, 2011. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2011/27987/27987.pdf.
Full textVoznyuk, Ivan. "Méthodes de décomposition de domaines pour la modélisaton électromagnétique et l'imagerie micro-onde quantitative dans des configurations tridimensionnelles de grande taille." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014AIXM4732/document.
Full textThis PhD work is devoted to the electromagnetic modeling of threedimensional large-scale wave propagation problems, which is very challenging in terms of memory and computation time. The main idea of the Finite Element Tearing and Interconnect (FETI) method is to divide the domain into non-overlapping subdomains where each electromagnetic problem can be independently solved. A modification of the classical FETI method, called the FETI-DPEM2-full method, is proposed herein to improve the numerical process. The fields scattered by various structures have thus been computed and successfully compared with measured fields. From these experiments, quantitative microwave imaging algorithms attempt to estimate the physical parameters of the illuminated target. This inverse problem is recasted into a minimization problem where two forward problems are required at each iteration step. A quasi-Newton algorithm has thus been efficiently coupled with the FETI-DPEM2-full method. Reconstructions of various targets from measured scattered fields have been successfully performed, which validates the effectiveness of the proposed methodology
Al, Chami Jamal. "Développement d'une méthode d'extraction séquentielle de 36 composés phénoliques et 16 hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliques à partir d'échantillons atmosphériques." Strasbourg, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011STRA6131.
Full textPolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) are persistent organic pollutants. They are emitted into the atmosphere by many combustion processes and they have been particularly studied due to their potential carcinogenic and/or mutagenic properties. Functionalized phenols (e. G. Chloro- and nitro-phenols) are released into the atmosphere because of their use as pesticides. They can also be emitted from diesel engines, waste incineration, coal and wood combustions. Some of them are known or suspected to be highly toxic to human health and plants. However, they are poorly studied in France. In this laboratory study, accelerated solvent extraction was used for the sequential extraction of 36 phenolic compounds and 16 PAH from spiked XAD-2 resin. The procedure is based on hot alkaline water extraction (150 °C) of polar phenolic compounds, followed by acetone-n-hexane (1:1, v/v) extraction of PAH at 105 °C. The phenolic compounds in the aqueous extract are preconcentrated onto solid-phase microextraction fiber, followed by desorption and injection-port derivatization prior to gas chromatography analysis with mass spectrometry detection. The PAH, included in the second fraction, are preconcentrated by rotary evaporator and analyzed by liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection. Optimization of the extraction method allowed achieving high recoveries: 74-109% (chlorophenols), 60-101% (nitrophenols) and 85-114% (PAH). The validated analytical procedure is fast, selective, reliable and sensitive with detection limits of 0. 03-26 ng. ML-1. Furthermore, the method is environmentally friendly, as it consumes much less harmful organic solvents compared to conventional extraction methods
Morillon, Laurent. "Contribution à la maitrise de la qualité des documents de communication interne : Une méthode d'écoute pour l'identification du besoin et le retour d'expériences." Valenciennes, 2000. https://ged.uphf.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/8e6ae0ea-27d7-405d-a36f-14054bb4b035.
Full textTrauchessec, Mathieu. "Développement d'une méthode de quantification absolue et multiplexe par spectrométrie de masse, pour les enzymes du métabolisme central d'Escherichia coli : application à des problématiques d'ingénierie métabolique." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENV081/document.
Full textMetabolic engineering aims at designing high performance strains to produce compounds of interest. For this purpose and to predict metabolic fluxes, GEnome-scale Models (GEMs) are developed, integrating multi-OMICS experimental data. Particularly, accurate enzymes amounts are crucial data to determine kinetic parameters but remain difficult to obtain in a multiplexed and accurate fashion. In this Ph.D work we developed a highly accurate and multiplexed workflow for generating quantitative proteomic data, using full length protein labelled standards coupled to a mass spectrometry-based technique called Selected Reaction Monitoring. This workflow was applied to E. coli strains: a wild-type strain and two other strains optimized for higher NADPH production. Results demonstrated that such data combined with measurements of metabolic fluxes, allow apprehending different levels of regulation, namely enzyme abundance and activity. In addition, accurate measurement of enzyme concentration is a key technology for the development of predictive kinetic models in the context of metabolic engineering
Sway, Cortés Ricardo. "Proposition d'une méthode pour la représentation et l'interprétation de la dynamique de projets socio-techniques en agronomie : application au cas des serres." Montpellier, ENSA, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ENSA0015.
Full textBy means of a qualitative method of research, a device has been developed for the analysis and representation of the dynamics of socio-technical projects on agriculture, particularly on greenhouses. It consists of a control panel with four indicators: the physical time and the project phases, the graphical representation of the actors network and links, the characterization and analysis of such network, and finally the project dynamics. The device has been tested in a real case of socio-technical project known as "cold shelters", carried out in the region of Agen, France. The control panel fulfils the initial objectives of this research work: it gathers ail the actors of the project. It also gathers the formal relations as well as those in competition and relations of conflict. Finally, it represents the dynamics of the project in two different but complementary ways, by comparison of the indicators between stages of the project and in respect of the desired target
Kadimpeul, Dieudonné. "Devenir NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training) : une étude sur les jeunes ni en emploi, ni en formation de l'arrondissement de Lille." Thesis, Artois, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ARTO0105.
Full textThis thesis analyzes the behavior of the local labor market of 185 young people low-skilled aged 16 to 29 years of the district of Lille. It puts in light of the difficulties they encounter employability given the absence (or low levels) of qualification, qualification, professional experience. She also puts highlight their misconceptions of the local labor market realities through their salary expectations, their job search techniques, their projects; and strategies to stay or keep out of the market. The qualitative approach enabled an empirical verification of the factors listed by Eurofound which impact on the risk of becoming NEET (Not in Education, Employment or Training: young people who are neither in education nor in employment or training). A typology of trajectories that lead to be NEET in the district of Lille is established. The heterogeneity characterizes the NEET category. This disparity is primarily a matter of subgroups that exist within the NEET. Also, according to context, it materializes educational systems, social policies, socio-economic and cultural realities which are specific territories (departments, regions, countries). Knowing the NEET category via its social construction in the district of Lille will allow different local actors (region, departments, associations, etc.) to have a clear visibility on the strategies to adopt and/or policies implement for social inclusion of the latter
Nougadère, Alexandre. "Surveillance des expositions alimentaires aux résidus de pesticides : développement d’une méthode globale d’appréciation quantitative du risque pour optimiser l’évaluation et la gestion du risque sanitaire." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015INPT0031/document.
Full textThe evaluation of plant protection products, their marketing and the monitoring of pesticide residues in food are harmonized in the European Union. Nevertheless, the assessment of dietary exposure at post-regulation level is incomplete due to the small number of foods and pesticides taken into account. In addition, consumption data are often obsolete. Improving knowledge on the dietary risk of pesticide residues is one of the major challenges to public health. The aim of this thesis is to build a national system for the ex post monitoring of dietary exposure and risk to the general population in order to guide (1) risk managers in the development of their monitoring programmes and preventive and corrective measures; (2) risk assessors in guiding research and expertise in metrology, exposure assessment and toxicology. This monitoring system includes two complementary tools: (1) an annual method of quantitative risk assessment based on four chronic and acute indicators updated each year and based on the results of the latest monitoring plans and maximum residue levels; (2) multi-year total diet studies (TDS), including the first TDS on pesticide residues (TDS2). These two approaches are based on the results of ANSES’s INCA2 individual and national consumption survey. This annual method includes a 6-level risk scale that enables the prioritization of risk for 519 pesticides. The exposure levels estimated in TDS2 are in general more realistic than those of the annual method. However, for certain pesticides it was not possible to sufficiently refine exposure levels using these two tools. Consequently, the annual method was adjusted to improve management of left-censored analytical results. After adjustment, 14% of pesticides were identified as a priority in terms of risk assessment and/or risk management (levels 2 to 6), given that they exceeded the toxicological reference values. Based on priority pesticide/foodstuff pairs, a sampling plan has been established for subsequent monitoring programmes. Corrective management measures and intensified controls of production and distribution are recommended for 11 pesticides scored at maximal risk level (level 6) in association with 16 pesticide/foodstuff pairs. In the end, this national system is more comprehensive and better suited to the French population than the annual EU assessment. The results are also consistent with those of the first national biomonitoring study on pesticides. The annual method will also incorporate recent European methodological developments for cumulative risk assessment
Houel, Nicolas. "Pédagogie de la sobriété lumineuse : étude des enjeux et méthodes de la requalification du parc d'éclairage public de la métropole nantaise au travers de la récolte d'indicateurs qualitatifs et quantitatifs des ambiances nocturnes en ville." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Nantes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ECDN0032.
Full textAs part of a CIFRE contract associated with the definition of the Lighting Development Coherence Scheme (SCAL) of the city of Nantes, Nicolas Houel’s thesis contributes to identifying the stakes of better energy and light sobriety in the management of its public lighting park. The research deals with the development methodology of the SCAL and focuses on the identification of current controversies in the artificial lighting practice, to raise awareness and involve the users of public spaces in the evaluation and production of nocturnal urban ambiances. It includes a series of field surveys dedicated to the evaluation and iteration of a method for the collection of sensitive indicators. Beyond its analytical part, the thesis proposes an unprecedented digital mapping tool to monitor the installations and to in real time the collection of physical and sensitive indicators identified by the users. The research addresses the concept of expertise of use, potentially complementary of political, artistic and technical ones that currently govern public lighting. They highlight the prominent place of artificial lighting in collective culture and the very low representativity of the concept of darkness. The pedagogy of light sobriety, regarding the challenge of energy and light sobriety originally pursued through an approach of awareness to public lighting for users, is ultimately oriented towards a form of pedagogy of darkness, in which light sobriety could settle lastingly
Hurault-Delarue, Caroline. "Approche longitudinale et quantitative de l'exposition aux médicaments dans les études de pharmaco-épidémiologie : développement méthodologique et application aux expositions au cours de la grossesse dans la cohorte EFEMERIS." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30041.
Full textThe intensity and duration of drug exposure may contribute to the occurrence of drug adverse effects. However, these parameters are rarely simultaneously addressed in studies of risks associated to drug exposure, in particular during pregnancy. Administrative databases give the opportunity to apprehend these parameters and to reconstruct the history of patient drug exposure. The aim of this research is to develop a new method of exposure measurement in order to cluster individuals, taking into account both the intensity and the evolution of exposure. The application to pharmaco-epidemiological studies allow a quantitative approach of drug exposure and longitudinal over time defining individual trajectories of exposure. We used an unsupervised clustering method based on an implementation of K-means adapted to longitudinal data analysis to cluster individuals in homogeneous groups according to their trajectories. This "trajectory method" was applied to psychotropic drug exposure during pregnancy, using EFEMERIS database. The first phase of this application led to the identification of clusters with homogeneous profiles. During the second phase, clusters of women exposed to anxiolytic and hypnotic drugs were used as independent variables to study the effects of in utero exposure to these drugs on newborns and children. The study especially indicates a dose-response relationship between the 4 clusters and an increased risk of neonatal pathologies after an exposure to a heavy drug burden. By contrast, results concerning women punctually exposed or exposed to a light drug burden were reassuring. This application to real-clinical-data has validated this method and demonstrates the interest value of considering intensity and evolution of drug exposure over time in pharmaco-epidemiological studies. The proposed method could be adapted to other populations, classes of drugs and other types of exposure. This "trajectorial" approach of exposure opens up new prospects for future epidemiological studies
Weinmann, Pierre. "Mise au point d'une méthode d'analyse quantitative du cholestérol et de ses esters dans les lésions d'athérosclérose humaine par spectrométrie de diffusion Raman dans le proche infrarouge." Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ECAP0503.
Full text