Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthode uranium-thorium'
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Ricard, Estelle. "Datation par ICP-MS des hydrocarbures accumulés dans un réservoir par la méthode uranium/thorium/plomb." Pau, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PAUU3009.
Full textTrace metal quantification in organic matrices represents a challenge for organic geochemistry to study oil-to-oil correlation, oil-to-source correlation, or to obtain information on oil migration. Estimation of crude oil expulsion timing from the rock source will have an important implication for petroleum systems modelling. A new analytical approach using a high repetition rate IR-femtosecond laser coupled to an ICP-MS detection was developed, for the direct determination of trace elements in crude oil with limited sample preparation. Limits of detection in the range of the level were typically obtained. The study of uranium, thorium and lead isotopes in petroleum matrices gives the following information: − Crude oils are very low concentrated in uranium and thorium (concentration < 1 ppb) compared to lead (10 ppb – 10 ppm) i. E. Very low U/Pb and Th/Pb ratios (< 0,05). So the determination of crude oil expulsion time is hardly realizable with classical U/Th/Pb isochrones, and needs to be confronted to lead isotopes ratios obtained from source rocks and crude oils. − Lead isotopes ratios in crude oils and source rocks measured by multi-detection ICP-MS, shows the potential of the uranium/thorium/lead system for dating hydrocarbon accumulation
Tissoux, Hélène. "Datation par uranium-thorium et par résonance paramagnétique électronique de quelques gisements paléolithiques du Pléistocène supérieur de Catalogne (Espagne) et du sud de la France." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0024.
Full textThe aim of this study is to bring new chronological data for the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition and in the same time, to test the upper limit of the combined ESR/U-series method. Speleothems are also analysed by U-series in order to obtain accurate chronological data. Finally, a new methodology based on isochrons is tested in the Romani Shelter in order to try to date tooth enamel when the external dosimetry can not be determined. Dating of tooth enamel and speleothems in the sites of Toixoneres, Portel Ouest, Arbreda and Romani Shelter gave us the opportunity to define a coherent chronology for the Mousterian and the Upper Palaeolithic. However, early Aurignacian and late Mousterian levels ages are spread apart. Finally combined ESR/U-series method may be used with a relatively good accuracy for recent periods (20 ka), however, the Middle-Upper Palaeolithic transition is difficult to date with the current dating methods
Michel, Véronique. "Etude des influences des processus de fossilisation sur le fondement de la datation radiométrique. Application à la datation par U-Th et ESR de mâchoires (os, dent) de cervus elaphus des niveaux archéologiques de la grotte du Lazaret." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995MNHN0006.
Full textDelanghe, Doriane. "Etude de la dernière déglaciation et de l'impact de la remontée du niveau marin sur la construction d'un récif coralien. Exemple du récif de Tahiti." Aix-Marseille 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002AIX30031.
Full textThe seawater [delta]234U has been re-estimated at 149. 6 ± 1 (1SD). The Tahiti aragonitic reef interstitial waters [delta]234U has been evaluated at 150. 2 ± 3. 6 (1SD). The average Tahiti corals [delta]234U is found at 148. 1 ± 1. 6 (1SD, n=78) close to the seawater and the reef interstitial waters values. Each of the three new deviated drills from Papeete P8, P9 and P10 display the last 14,000 years relative sea level rise. The long continuous cores are all in agreement for the MWP-1A abrupt event occurrence. We used two models (2 and 3D) which simulations suggest that this event could not have been entirely retrieved in a continuous drill. At the time of the MWP-1B, the sea level rise rhythm did not exceeded the Tahiti reef growth rate. The sea level envelope we propose constrains the MWP-1B amplitude at around 5 meters which is significantly smaller than the 12-14 meters from Barbados. The bathymetric uncertainties of the Papeete corals at 6,000 cal-yr-BP enable an Holocene sea level highstand
Pirouelle, Florence. "Contribution méthodologique à la datation, par les méthodes Uranium-thorium (U-TH) et résonance de spin électronique (ESR) de sites moustériens de Ligurie, de France et de Belgique." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MNHN0026.
Full textTwo geochronological methods of dating, the U-series and ESR ones, were used in order to specify the chronostratigraphical framework of several paleolithic sites located in Liguria (Italy), Wallonia (Belgium) and Burgundy (France). All these sites show levels belong to the Mousterian cultural and technological complex and several of them have delivered neandertalian human remains. The used methodology was conditioned on each studied site by the nature of available materials. The sampling of the Liguria sites of Fate and Colombo is thus exclusively constituted by stalagmitic floors. Only large mammals teeth were carried out from the Madonna dell' Arma (Ligurie) and Walou (Wallonia) caves. In the case of the Scladina cave (Wallonia), bones were analyzed, while the sampling of open-area site of San Francesco (Ligurie) was constituted in the same time of teeth, bone and fluvial sediments, from which quartz grains were extracted for ESR dating
Dandurand, Grégory. "Cavités et remplissage de la nappe karstique de Charente (bassin de la Touvre, La Rochefoucauld) : spéléogenèse par fantômisation, archives pléistocène et holocène, rôle de l'effet de site." Bordeaux 3, 2011. https://extranet.u-bordeaux-montaigne.fr/memoires/diffusion.php?nnt=2011BOR30044.
Full textThis PhD aims to study caves and subterranean karst infillings deposits from Charente (Touvre catchment) as a memory of past climate and environments. From the concept of site effect, the two studied caves (Bois du Clos and Fuie) show an original recording of the regional palaeoclimatic conditions of the Middle-Upper Pleistocene and of the Holocene. The prominent role of the ghost-rock processe during the long geological time of Lower Cretaceous (45 Ma) was demonstrated by the study of three quarries, drilling and the young cave of La Fuie. This alteration process explains the genesis of labyrinthic caves and also the complexity of the Touvre aquifer which supplies the city of Angoulême. Indeed the large water reserve is situated into the porous rock (slow drainage) while a small part is drained by the karst conduits (fast drainage coming from river losses). The geochemical, sedimentological and mineralogical studies of detrital infillings deposits into Bois du Clos and la Fuie allowed to characterize hydrosedimentary dynamics and palaeoenvironmental conditions between marine isotope stages 6 and 3, obtained by 14C et U/Th in speleothems of Bois du Clos cave. The microchemical imagery by X-ray fluorescence has highlighted the existence of some carbonated levels related to the process of speleogenesis by ghost rock and the major role of groundwater level fluctuations. The compared chronostratigraphic study of the regional speleological and archaeological sequences finally allowed reflecting the role of local and regional settings, as well as global parameters in palaeoclimate
Mehidi, Nadir. "Datation de sites moustériens de Ligurie par les méthodes U/Th et RPE : Abri Mochi et Arma delle Manie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MNHN0039.
Full textThe Mochi shelter and the cave d’Arma delle Manie is two sites of Italian Ligurie. They were dated in this work by using two methods of dating: l’U/Th and the ESR. We used three supports of dating : Bones, teeth and deposit carbonates. For Mochi shelter , the layer mousterian is deposited during the isotopic stage 3 in the neighbourhoods of 48,8 ka, then we have the deposit of the layer H and G in the neighbourhood from 42,5 to 41,5 ka, then that of the layer F and E starting from the isotopic stage 2. For the cave d’Arma delle Manie, we propose the following chronology: Beginning of the filling of the cave at the end of the isotopic stage Deposit of layer VII during the isotopic stage 4 between 60 and 46 ka Deposit of layer VII and V in the medium of the isotopic stage Deposit of layer IV with the surroundings of 40 ka Deposit of layer III starting from 36 ka with 37 ka for finish towards 32 ka Deposit of layer II at the end of the isotopic stage 3,1 with approximately of 30ka. We have also to try to replace our sites dated in higher the Moustérien/Upper Paléolithic transition. In Mochi shelter , the transition was made in the neighbourhoods from 42,1 to 40 ka in the medium of the isotopic stage 3 could be done, for the cave d’Arma delle Manie, this transition had probably produced more tardily towards the isotopic stage 3,1 to roughly 30 to 32 ka
Durand, Nicolas. "Caractérisation et datation U-Th de calcrètes formées sur socle précambrien : reconstructions paléoenvironnementales dans l'Inde péninsulaire semi-aride." Aix-Marseille 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005AIX30069.
Full textCalcretes are carbonated surface continental formations particularly widespread in arid and semi-arid area which may constitute stratigraphic markers in Quaternary geology. The goal of this study was to understand the genesis of the calcretes and to constrain the timescales of their evolution by the Uranium-Thorium dating method in order to determine their potential for paleoenvironmental reconstruction in the semi-arid zone of peninsular India. We highlighted that the calcrete profiles formed on the Precambrian basement were set up in a multi-stages way by a complex evolution associating biological, colluvial and geochemical processes. The weathering of the local metamorphic rocks with Ca-rich minerals constitutes the main source of Ca. The dating of the calcretes by the U-Th systematic showed that the isochrones method was adapted for this type of impure carbonates. The ages obtained, ranging between 300 and 44 ka, for the various phases of calcretisation underline the role of the western Ghâts which lessens the effects of the SW monsoon, and allows the sustain of favourable conditions to the formation and the preservation of calcretes
Godeau, Nicolas. "Développement et application de la méthode Uranium-Plomb à la datation des carbonates diagénétiques dans les réservoirs pétroliers, et apport à la reconstruction temporelle de l'évolution des propriétés réservoir." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018AIXM0149.
Full textAbsolute chronological constraints on the different events and processes that have shaped the Earth constitute a major challenge in numerous realms in Earth and Environmental sciences. In particular this is the case for sedimentary basins that play a major economic role as being source of important hydrocarbon resources. The objective of this thesis is to develop absolute uranium-lead dating methodology on secondary carbonate minerals. This ubiquitous mineral phase in petroleum reservoirs testifies their complex geodynamic and diagenetic histories. In this study, several developments were implemented in order to circumvent the limits of U-Pb methodology. Innovative analysis techniques such as laser ablation coupled with SF-ICP-MS or ion probe were tested to increase the spatial resolution of the U-Pb analysis by several orders of magnitude. These methodologies coupled to the more traditional isotope dilution was successfully applied in different oil exploration context allowing to bring absolute constraints on key diagenetic events such as creation/preservation of reservoir properties or hydrocarbon migration. The results obtained during this study allowed to draw a synthetic model of the most favorable contexts for U-Pb method and gives an overview of the U-Pb dating potential to secondary carbonates applied to petroleum reservoirs
Hameau, Sébastien. "Datation des sites paléolithiques du Pléistocène moyen et supérieur de Punung (Pacitan, Java) : Applications des méthodes ESR et U-Th aux grottes de Song Terus et Goa Tabuhan." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0027.
Full textTwo caves in Pacitan area (Java,Indonesia), Goa Tabuhan and Song Terus, rich in archaeological and palaeontological material have been studied. The application of U-series and ESR methods, combined with a study of the sedimentary filling, allows us to define a chronological framework for the geological and archaeological levels. The "Terus" lithic industry are the oldest of the Song Terus cave and are dated to 300 ky. The "Tabuhan" archaeological levels are dated from 30 to 80 ky. To apply ESR method, it was necessary to modelize the sedimentary surrounding of the sample in order evaluate the external dose rate. The "Keplek" levels which contain many artefacts associated with an human burial are Holocene aged. Finally, the dating of a stalagmitic flowstone, provide evidence of Middle Pleistocene age for the karstic fillings (more than 300 ky). These results obtained indicate the possibility in this area of finding levels corresponding to the Homo erectus-Homo sapiens transition
Farkh, Samer. "Contribution à la datation des niveaux moustériens de la grotte de Karaïn (Antalya, Turquie) par les méthodes des séries de l'uranium (U-Th) et la résonance de spin électronique (ESR) : méthodologie et paléoclimatologie." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004MNHN0015.
Full textThe Karaïn cave (Turkey) represents a hinged plate between Anatolia, the Middle East and Europe. It includes a sequence going from the Lower Palaeolithic to the Upper Palaeolithic superior. Our main aim was to date systematically geological objects by the methods of the uranium-series (U-Th) and the electronic spin resonance (ESR). The age of teeth of the big mammals determined by method ESR was refined by analysis U-Th on the total tooth. The interpretation of the total results indicates the presence of Cervidae and Bovidae between 200 ka and 30 ka. The study of a stalagmite in the upper sequences of the archaeological filling, shows than the first human presence dates from the isotopic stage 5. The results obtained on the stalagmitic concretions discovered during excavation show that their formation dates from the isotopic stages 7 and 5 except for an ancient floor contemporary of the isotopic stage 11. By analogy, travertines of Errachidia (Morocco) were studied. The contemporaneity of all these concretions validates the concept which the climatic variations are carried out on a total scale
Zhang, Peipei. "Hydrogen diffusion in NAMs : andradite garnet and zircon." Thesis, Lille 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LIL10023/document.
Full textThe hydrogen mobilities in andradite and zircon were investigated by performing H-D exchange experiments under ambient pressure in a horizontal furnace flushed with a gas mixture of Ar/D2(10%). The temperature range investigated was 400˚C-700˚C for andradite and 800˚C-1100˚C for zircon. At contrary to the same type of experiments performed in NAMs, it was not possible to replace all hydrogen atoms in the structure by deuterium, 15% to 35% for andradite and 25% to 40% for zircon of OH remaining after completion of the exchange. However, a steady-state equilibrium was reached at the end of the experiments and it was possible to determine the diffusion law of the exchange process. The activation energy is similar to those of hydrogen diffusion in grossular, but the diffusivity is more than 2 orders of magnitude faster. Our results demonstrate that, composition has a major effect on H diffusion and it must be considered in any discussion of δD signatures in garnets. In zircon, hydrogen diffusion is anisotropic, slightly faster along [001] than along [100] and [010]. H diffusion in zircon has much higher activation energy and slower diffusivity than other NAMs. During H-D exchange zircon incorporates also deuterium. For the first time, the hydration reaction U5+ + OH- = U4+ + O2- + 1/2H2, involving uranium reduction is observed. The kinetics of deuterium incorporation is just slightly slower than hydrogen diffusion, suggesting that the reaction is limited by hydrogen diffusion. It confirms that hydrogen isotopic memory of zircon is higher than other NAMs. Zircons will be moderately retentive of H signatures at mid-crustal metamorphic temperatures
Richard, Maïlys. "Chronologie des occupations humaines au Pléistocène supérieur dans le Jura Souabe, Allemagne et dans les vallées de la Saône et du Rhône, France, par les méthodes de la résonance de spin électronique et des séries de l’uranium, ESR/U-Th." Paris, Muséum national d'histoire naturelle, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MNHN0027.
Full textIn Western Europe, the Upper Pleistocene is characterized by the presence of Homo neanderthalensis during the Middle Palaeolithic, and by the arrival of Homo sapiens between 45 and 30 ka, which corresponds to the beginning of Upper Palaeolithic. The presence of Neanderthals has been documented in several sites located in the Swabian Jura (Germany) and in the Saone and Rhone valleys (France). These regions also provided among the most ancient remains attributed to Homo sapiens. The establishment of the chronological framework of seven major sites situated in these three geographical zones represents therefore a great interest in the study of this key-period for Human Evolution. For this period, the application of ESR/U-Th dating in karstic context is constrained by the measurement of low equivalent dose, due to very low uranium content in dental tissues and burial time of the fossil teeth in sediments. Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) was used for the measurements of uranium content and isotopic ratios in order to calculate the dental tissues dose rates. Consequently, the annual dose depends mainly on gamma dose rate. The cosmic dose rate, whose contribution is usually low, can represent, in case of low radioactivity in the sediment, more than 40% of the annual dose rate. The results of ESR/U-Th dating are in agreement with radiocarbon ages obtained on Early Aurignacian layers in Swabian Jura, confirming the early presence of Homo sapiens in this area, as soon as 40-35 ka. The Middle Palaeolithic layers, have been dated between 100 ka et 40 ka; it suggests a persistence of the Neanderthal occupations during MIS 3 in these three regions, which could be contemporaneous with the first manifestations of Upper Palaeolithic in Western Europe
Grand'homme, Alexis. "Etude de la monazite comme chronomètre et traceur géochimique des minéralisations hydrothermales : Approche expérimentale et analyses de monazites de veines alpines." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAU004/document.
Full textMonazite is commonly found in most of geological environments. Monazite can be rich in uranium and thorium, does not incorporate lead, and its isotopic (U-Th-Pb) system is very robust to diffusion in most of crustal conditions, which makes it a very attractive chronometer. In addition, it represents the main source of thorium and a major source of rare earth elements (REE), in the crust. During fluid-monazite interaction, monazite can recrystallize by a coupled dissolution-precipitation process, with a chemical/isotopic composition different from the initial monazite. These recrystallizations involve a redistribution of the elements contained in monazite (REE, Th, U, Pb) and understanding of the mobility of these strategic elements is crucial for their economic (lanthanides resources and actinides) and environmental (storage of radioactive waste) aspects.The aim of this thesis is to investigate the behaviour of monazite during fluid-monazite interactions and its potential as chronometer and geochemical tracer of fluid mineralization, via a multi-disciplinary approach including mineralogy, experimental petrology, geochronology and tectonic. The work presented here is organized in two parts: one on Alpine hydrothermal monazite dating and the other on the results of hydrothermal alteration experiments in laboratory.About forty monazite and ten xenotime crystals were collected in Alpine clefts (hydrothermal veins formed during exhumation) of the external (Argentera, Belledonne, Mont-Blanc) and the internal (Briançonnais Zone) domains. The LA-ICP-MS in-situ U-Th-Pb dating allowed to better constrain the age and duration of hydrothermal circulation during the late deformation stages related to the exhumation of the western Alps. The fluid inclusion analysis of monazite crystals coupled with zircon fission-track dating have brought new constrains on the geothermal gradient induced by fluid circulations in the hydrothermal veins. Systematic analysis of experimental products (monazite and fluid) of 18 experiments confirmed the mobility of elements such as uranium or heavy REE during hydrothermal reactions. The nanoscale study of monazite recrystallized domains showed a new replacement mechanism characterized by the propagation of the reaction front through nano-pores and nano-fractures. This mechanism leads to anisotropic replacement and a mixture of nano-domains of primary and recrystallized monazite. These observations have major implications for the storage of radioactive waste or in geochronology to explain the disturbances of monazite ages that have reacted with fluid in hydrothermal or metamorphic environments
Recanati, Alice. "Thermochronométrie basse température (U-Th-Sm)/He : méthodologie et applications géodynamiques." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS038/document.
Full textThe first part of the thesis aims at improving the methodology and the models involved in apatite (U-Th-Sm)/He thermochronology. For this purpose, we studied two geological cases: the Armorican Massif (France) and the Swiss Alps. Our work suggests that apatite helium retentivity is higher than predicted in traditional models. A statistical approach using machine learning algorithms evidences that the apatite chemical composition of grains does not influence helium retentivity. The key parameter is the parent radionuclide and the crystal damage contents. We suggest an experimental procedure in order to characterize damage in apatite at the sub-micrometer scale. In the last part of the thesis, we applied the (U-Th-Sm)/He method to the Algerian Margin. We evidenced a major denudation phase in Petite Kabylie ("Lesser Kabylia") during the Tortonian times. This phase likely corresponds to the initiation of the margin inversion, earlier than previously suggested
Alexandrov, Pavel. "Géochronologie U/Pb et ⁴⁰ Ar/ ³⁹ Ar de deux segments de la chaîne varisque : le haut limousin et les pyrénées orientales." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPL062N.
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