Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes de formation'
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Senault, Patrick. "Formation-développement : origines, principes, méthodes." Nancy 2, 2001. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/NANCY2/doc200/2001NAN21030.pdf.
Full textThis research work aims at describing the origins, principles and application procedures of training schemes referred to as " training-development within rural territories through training programmes. The term first came out in 1977 during a campaign launched to train the rural population of the French département of Ardèche. Maurice ALLEFRESDE, a geographer at the University of Lyon (France), was put in charge of this campaign by the French " Délégué Régional à la Formation Professionnelle (DFRP) " (regional delegate to vocational training) of the Rhône-Alpes region. By implementing an experimental pluriannual training programme in internally-generated development methods in 1982, The European Social Fund emphasized the part training can play in local development. In various locations in France (Vosges, Pyrénées, Creuse, Tarn and Aveyron), different organization methods can be assessed and innovative approaches to training methods in territorial development can arise through this pilot-programme Nowadays training-development is implemented in a very specific way : it applies to a definite area as a whole and involeves its entire population. Training contents are being designed and adapted over the duration of the programme so as to adjust to the demand of the population. Training-development schemes have their own structure made of a specific partner, of " pilotes éducatifs " (educational instructors) or " conseillers en formation-développement " (advisors on training-developement) and support groups. Finally, with training-development, the territory itself emerges as a new partner within the French vocational training system, next to the company or the individual
Leclercq, Gilles. "Formation de base en économie : Conception, réalisation, expérimentation et évaluation d'un outil collectif de formation : Ethique, ingeniérie et pédagogie : Peut-on enseigner l'économie?" Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12008.
Full textMartig, Marie. "Formation des galaxies : mécanismes internes et processus cosmologiques." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112120.
Full textThis thesis is devoted to galaxy formation and evolution in a cosmological context. Cosmological simulations have unveiled two main modes of galaxy growth: hierarchical growth by mergers and accretion of cold gas from cosmic filaments. However, these simulations rarely take into account small scale mechanisms, that govern internal evolution and that are a key ingredient to understand galaxy formation and evolution. Thanks to a new simulation technique that I have developed, I first studied the colors of galaxies, and in particular the reddening of elliptical galaxies. I showed that the gas disk in an elliptical galaxy could be stabilized against star formation because of the galaxy's stellar component being within a spheroid instead of a disk. This mechanism can explain the red colors of some elliptical galaxies that contain a gas disk. I also studied the formation of spiral galaxies: most cosmological simulations cannot explain the formation of Milky Way-like galaxies, i. E. With a large disk and a small bulge. I showed that this issue could be partly solved by taking into account in the simulations the mass loss from evolved stars through stellar winds, planetary nebulae and supernovae explosions
Carenton, Patrice. "Alaric : Acquisition de connaissances réglementaires pour une formation professionnelle dynamique." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30068.
Full textZanatta, Filho Danilo. "Nouvelles méthodes de traitement d'antenne en émission alliant diversité et formation de voie." Paris, CNAM, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006CNAM0540.
Full textThis work deals with the use of an antenna array at the base station of a mobile communication system for transmission We search for techniques to combine diversity and beanforming to better exploit the antenna array. In this context, we propose propose a transmit scheme composed of a precoder acting as an interface between the transmit diversity and the antenna array. We propose two approaches to obtain this precoder, one based on the minimization of the variance of the received power at the mobile, and the other directly based on the minimization of the error rate. We also consider the multi-user case, for which we propose the joint adaptation of the precoders to minimize the total transmit power, while satisfying the users' target BERs. Compared to classical techniques, the new approaches combine diversity and beamforming and obtain in return better performances
Guillemot, Gildas. "Formation de structures de grains dans des alliages à solidification dendritique : modélisation couplée automates cellulaires et éléments finis." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 2004. http://docnum.univ-lorraine.fr/public/INPL_T_2004_GUILLEMOT_G.pdf.
Full textThe solidification of metallic alloys gives ri se to the formation of dendritic grains. Ln order to study the influence of the grain structure on segregation, a mode! has been developed that couples cellular automaton (CA) and finite element (FE) methods. The CA method simulates the development of the grains while the FE method solves the conservation equations that govern the evolution of the macroscopic variables. The coupling scheme between the CA and FE methods is defined to account for the movement of the grains, the approximation of a fixed sol id being used within the FE method. The fall of NH4CI crystals agrees with the measured grain sizes and, partially, with the sedimentation velocities. The simulation of the solidification of lead-tin lingots shows a destabilization at the growth front which leads to the creation of segregated channels. The influence of the grain structure on the formation of mesosegregation is also shown
Bistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels d'un système de formation." Thesis, Metz, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007METZ036S/document.
Full textThe accession with the education of a number increasingly larger indivlduals resulted in regarding the performance of the systems of formation as a true factor of economic development. It is in ths context that our work of thesis is registered which aimed to the development of methods and tools for the assistance with the design of the operational part of an education system and in particular al the transformation s y s t v leading to the increase of students competences. After having presented an assessment of the education systems by defining their perimeter, their operation and results, we specify the factors whch led us to worry us about operational processes of the education systems. In a second chapter, we specifi the steps whch we chose to adopt and we decline the whole of our method, associated to specific tools, which aims to the assistance to the design and the setting of formations. We move away from the logic of supply to migrate towards logic of demand. We propose an identification of constraints in education systems (resources with limited capaciîy, teachmg coherence, unavailability of resources, competences and aptitudes of the resources, etc.) In a third part, we illustrate our concept by applying methods and tools developed with a practical case. Lastly, we conclude on the scientific contribution made up by t h work and open the way towards rnany prospects, the field of the engineering of the formation being still to its beginnings
Bistorin, Olivier. "Méthodes et outils d'aide à la conception des processus opérationnels des systèmes de formation." Phd thesis, Université de Metz, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00288748.
Full textAprès avoir présenté un bilan des systèmes de formation en définissant leur périmètre puis leur fonctionnement et résultats, nous précisons alors les facteurs qui nous ont conduits à nous préoccuper des processus opérationnels des systèmes de formation.
Dans un deuxième chapitre, nous précisons la démarche que nous avons choisi d'adopter et déclinons ainsi l'ensemble de notre méthode, associée à des outils spécifiques, qui vise à l'aide à la conception et la mise en œuvre des formations. Nous nous éloignons de la logique de l'offre pour migrer vers une logique de la demande. Nous proposons une identification contraintes subies par un système de formation (ressources à capacité finie, cohérence pédagogique, indisponibilité de ressources, compétences et aptitudes des ressources, etc.)
Dans une troisième partie, nous illustrons notre propos en appliquant les méthodes et outils développés à un cas pratique.
Enfin, nous concluons sur l'apport scientifique constitué par ces travaux et ouvrons la voie vers de nombreuses perspectives, le domaine de l'ingénierie de la formation étant encore à ses balbutiements.
Cohen, Jonathan. "Formation dynamique d'équipes dans les DEC-POMDPS ouverts à base de méthodes Monte-Carlo." Thesis, Normandie, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NORMC225/document.
Full textThis thesis addresses the problem where a team of cooperative and autonomous agents, working in a stochastic and partially observable environment towards solving a complex task, needs toe dynamically modify its structure during the process execution, so as to adapt to the evolution of the task. It is a problem that has been seldom studied in the field of multi-agent planning. However, there are many situations where the team of agents is likely to evolve over time.We are particularly interested in the case where the agents can decide for themselves to leave or join the operational team. Sometimes, using few agents can be for the greater good. Conversely, it can sometimes be useful to call on more agents if the situation gets worse and the skills of some agents turn out to be valuable assets.In order to propose a decision model that can represent those situations, we base upon the decentralized and partially observable Markov decision processes, the standard model for planning under uncertainty in decentralized multi-agent settings. We extend this model to allow agents to enter and exit the system. This is what is called agent openness. We then present two planning algorithms based on the popular Monte-Carlo Tree Search methods. The first algorithm builds separable joint policies by computing series of best responses individual policies, while the second algorithm builds non-separable joint policies by ranking the teams in each situation via an Elo rating system. We evaluate our methods on new benchmarks that allow to highlight some interesting features of open systems
Sow, Garmy. "Méthodes d'Accès Multiple à Répartition Spatiale pour Communications par Satellite." Phd thesis, Télécom ParisTech, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001876.
Full textArdourel, Yves. "Formation à distance et communication multimédia : le rôle de l'audiovisuel." Toulouse 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998TOU20038.
Full textThe convergence of video, computer and telephone technology, the digitalization, the expansion of networks, create new opportunities for education. These new educational methods, however, that spark off social and cultural changes, can only be set up thanks to a precise organization and an adapted environment that rely heavily on human mediation ; the mere development of electronic access to knowledge cannot by itself solve the problem of its design. Although the multimedia environment has benefited from the technological progress in the fields of image and sound, their use in education, despite their communicative power, has often remained marginal. Our hypothesis is that developing distance learning requires a better understanding of the audiovisual logic. Identifying the characteristics of these new learning methods raises the question of the industrialization of education. The economic aspects that are at stake here and the risks that are connected to them, ask for the creation of new concepts and methods; the organization of the cinema industry may be a useful example. Developing distance learning should help giving birth to a cognitive society that would be capable of sharing knowledge equally and giving more sense to an information society; that remains too mercantile and individualistic
Bailly, B. "Conscience de la situation des conducteurs : Aspects fondamentaux, méthodes, et application pour la formation des conducteurs." Phd thesis, Université Lumière - Lyon II, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00543981.
Full textBailly, Béatrice. "Conscience de la situation des conducteurs : aspects fondamentaux, méthodes et applications pour la formation des conducteurs." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/bailly_b.
Full textThis study joints the theory of Situation Awareness and its application to the driver's activity. After having describe the fundamental aspects of the theory of the Situation Awareness (chapter 1), we will present the Soviet work of years 1940 at the years 1970 (chapter 2) in the field of the study operators' activity. This thrown bridge will enable us to make bring the theory closer to the situation awareness with more traditional work of cognitive psychology: the field of the mental representation. Lastly, we will focus ourselves on the application of these concepts in the field of driver's cognitive activity more particularly three points: driving experience, cognitive resources available and aging drivers (chapter 3). Then we will present our own experimental protocol, OSCAR, methodologie developped to analyze driver's mental representations according to various sources of variations (chapter 4). After a detailed presentation of the results obtained by OSCAR, we will list the assets and the limits of this protocol, bases to work out one second version, ICARE (chapter 5). Once the comparison of the data collected by our two tools, we will endeavour to show in what ICARE allows to study the mental representations of the drivers in a new way. That will enable us to consider ICARE's potential on the one hand for scientific research and in additionn to drivers' training (chapter 6 and 7)
Lourdel, Nathalie. "Méthodes pédagogiques et représentation de la compréhension du développement durable : application à la formation des élèves ingénieurs." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00781854.
Full textMathis, Hugues. "Simulations numériques de modèles gaussiens et non-gaussiens de formation des galaxies." Toulouse 3, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002TOU30070.
Full textKohler, Rambour Chantal. "Apport des nouvelles méthodes pédagogiques à l'enseignement médical : histologie : auto-formation et auto-évaluation en histologie embryologie." Nancy 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NAN10542.
Full textSauret-Guibert, Stephanie. "Les enjeux de la conception et de l'usage d'une ressource éducative pour la transmission des savoir-faire en entreprise : le cas d'un simulateur didactique pour les lamineurs à chaud." Paris 13, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA131030.
Full textThis thesis develops a training environment to help some mutations which can modify operators and trainers roles inside the company. The goals of training situation helps persons for conceptualising situations and socialising. With a professional didactic, the training situation is built. It includes a simulator for resolving exercises and next a debriefing with referents. It shows the operator's autonomy in acting and his ability to build on his own knowledge by exchange which brings down social distances often present in work situations. There, trainers are no longer repositories of technical knowledge but devise the training situations. They facilitate changes by bringing together hierarchical relations and networks of knowledge exchange. The reconstruction and the visibility of the conceptual structure of the working situation are shown as a social regulation tool useful for building up knowledge. They drive the trainer role towards social intervention skills
Lombart, Maxime. "Croissance des grains par méthode de Galerkine pour la formation des planètes." Thesis, Lyon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020LYSEN043.
Full textRecent spatially resolved observations of protoplanetary disks have revealed the presence of structures with complex morphologies, indicating the probable presence of protoplanets inside. How could the grains in the disc have formed these structures? How will they evolve? To answer these questions, we need to understand how grains grow inside the disc. However, numerical resolution of the coagulation equation by traditional methods requires prohibitive sampling, making it impossible to integrate it into a three-dimensional hydrodynamic code.The goal of this thesis is the development of an algorithm to solve the coagulation equation while respecting the constraints guided by astrophysics: rigorous conservation of mass while keeping a precision lower than the hydrodynamic errors on a mass spectrum relevant to the observations. Sampling must be minimal to allow coupling with a hydrodynamic code. To do so, the coagulation equation is solved by an original numerical scheme based on the discontinuous Galerkin method and a high order integration. The efficiency of the method is demonstrated on the known solutions of the equation and transferred to the context of planet formation.Work carried out in parallel with this study will be presented. Firstly, an analysis of extra-solar planet observations made with the SPHERE/VLT instrument. Secondly, the numerical resolution of stochastic equations to understand grain sedimentation in turbulent disks
Tusoni, Yves. "Spécialisation, rapport(s) à la polyvalence, dimensions généralistes dans les métiers de la formation des adultes : l'exemple des C.E.M.E.A. (Centres d'Entraînement aux Méthodes d'Education Active)." Nancy 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998NAN21035.
Full textHeymann-Germa, Dominique. "Simulation et produits multimédias de formation : le jeu des contraintes." Grenoble 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE39002.
Full textMultumedia tools with their potentialities of simulation appear particularly helpful for learning by doing. An experimentation let us bring the role and the nature of the constraints to light, which we have to integrate into a multimedia simulation in order to favour the engagment of a student in a simulated situation - we definited this engagment as indispensable preamble to learning by doing
Houimli, Oussama. "Étude des algorithmes de stratification et illustration utilisant la réalisation de l'enquête sur le recrutement, l'emploi et les besoins de formation au Québec en 2015, l'EREFEQ 2015." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/66434.
Full textIn a stratified sampling design, the calculation of the stratum boundaries can be done in several ways. We can rely on personal judgment and separate the units of the population based on the distribution of the stratification variable. Other scientific and rigorous methods give a better result, including the algorithms of cum √f, Sethi and Kosak. For asymmetric populations, as found in the business surveys, the use of a census stratum reduces the sample size and gives more reliable estimates. Univariate methods, those that use a single stratification variable in calculating the boundaries, do not guarantee that the target precision will be obtained for all the variables of interest in the survey. Using the variable of interest that is the most difficult to estimate, as a stratification variable, makes it possible to guarantee a minimum target CV for all the other variables, but generates large sample sizes.
Courtin, Jérôme. "Empreinte de l'énergie noire sur la formation des structures." Paris 7, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA077203.
Full textThis thesis aims at the understanding of non linear mecanisms responsible for the imprints of Dark Energy in structure formation. These mecanisms should provide an observable imprint for the differenciation of the cosmologies. In this work, we study the specific consequences of quintessence phenomenologies on structure formation. This reflexion is lead in the Framework of N-body simulations in accelerated universes. We ran a number of state of art simulations for various cosmologies and a set of nine simulations with unprecedent resolution and mass range, for three observational dark energy cosmologies. Our results cover two aspects. First, the strong imprint of dark energy on the dark matter field structuration, and on mass functions. We show that cosmology parameters derived from observations in a consistent way induce a very different structuration. Second, we show that the linear history of structure formation is recorded in the non linear dark matter field which keeps a fine imprint of the specific expansion of each dark energy cosmology. We will show the effects of dark energy on dark matter haloes definition and the consequences on mass function prediction
Nguyên, Viêt-Hai. "Formation interactive, expérimentation à distance, partage des ressources : application : automatique et ingénierie de l'environnement." Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009EMSE0035.
Full textThe surface treatments industry uses a lot of complex processes and toxic substances. It subjects to different regulations which are strict and limiting quantities of rejected pollutants in the nature. It is always difficult for industrials to comply to these regulations because of a more and more cutthroat competition. Thereof, this economic sector is naturally considered as a rich suggestion box for researchers. The diversity of used processes asks competences, knowledge and approaches from different fields. In the frame of this thesis, our works have focused on the rinsing system and the wastewater detoxication plants: decyanidation and dechrommation. Thanks to different approaches, these processes have been modeled and a simulation tool has been developed. Such a tool could answer to a lot of needs. It will be possible for industrials to optimize processes in taking into account different factors as cost, productivity as well as environmental impacts. In the engineering formation, i twill be easier for students to understand how industrial processes work and to familiarize with industrial constraints
Le, Bars Alain. "La formation du paradigme cybernétique : varias et devenirs en psychopathologie." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01072308.
Full textToczek-Capelle, Marie-Christine. "Systèmes de formation et conduites d'acquisition." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF20054.
Full textThis study registers in the social psychology of education. Originally, the question of this thesis is as follows : how can we regulate the learning behavior in an educational process? the main object of this study is to identify some causes controlling the information in an educational process. In a first part, we examined the publications relating social psychology and the education, and therefore, we were pointed out the impacts of different sources of variation about the learning behavior of learners. In a second part, four experiences tried to identify the mental process concerning the cognitive treatment of information in three educational operated processes. Beside, we showed the influence of the academic level, the awarding of success or failure, the social insertion and the academic stake
Drouet, Julien. "Méthodes d’analyse électromagnétique spécifiques à la conception des antennes à résonateur BIE multi sources." Limoges, 2007. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/d29cfcec-7bbb-48e9-a428-1749bae17636/blobholder:0/2007LIMO4039.pdf.
Full textA feeding sources arrangement installed in an EBG resonator leads to profit at the same time from the array advantages (such as beamforming, nulling patterns, beam steering) and the resonator filtering attributes (spatial filtering, directivity increasing, steering). This report presents a set of steps that is adjusted to the EBG antennas development and design in particular multi sources EBG antennas. First, a spatial function computation is presented. This function results in the EBG resonator filtering attributes. Weighting the EBG resonator by a source radiation pattern allows the defined function to quickly evaluate the EBG performances. The second part focuses on the multi sources feeding problems. The goal of this part is to design and realize two prototypes. Then, the measures come to validate the antenna design. Aside from the resonating attributes of this kind of structure, the design steps are more tricky. Indeed, the EBG antenna intensifies the coupling phenomena between the radiating elements in the multi sources antennas. For this reason, a novel method overcoming the coupling complication was developed
Vallet, Flore. "Caractérisation des bonnes pratiques en éco-conception pour la formation des ingénieurs-concepteurs : synthèse des dimensions, méthodes, activités et outils." Compiègne, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012COMP2036.
Full textDue to an increasing world pressure on natural resources, the evolution of professional practices of engineering designers towards more environmental friendliness becomes compulsory. Today it is necessary to provide engineering designers with a high-quality eco-design education. Our approach is to characterize eco-design best practices in order to build a bridge between the design and the eco-design of products and services. Within this perspective, a framework including six dimensions and associated levels, which characterize the core themes of the eco-design activity is proposed. Our main enquiry consists in three redesign experiments. The experimental work is conducted with various existing eco-design tools to highlight several eco-design dimensions: the eco-design process and its typical steps, the integration of stakeholders and the systemic level of the process. Thanks to the observation of novice and expert eco-designers, it is possible to formalize a set of eco-design competences. Those are displayed against the proposed framework, and validated by a national sample of persons in charge of eco-design curricula. Eco-design practices are eventually put back in the context of design to show their complementary character
Gbeulia, David Séaba. "Recherche comparative sur le contenu de deux modèles scolaires en Côte d'Ivoire de 1971 à 1983 : l'enseignement primaire classique face à l'enseignement primaire télévisuel, la rénovation pédagogique passe nécessairement par une meilleure formation des enseignants." Paris 8, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA080572.
Full textThe colonial education favored the cultural obscuratism because this education was plenned only for the very important persons'children. But with the independence, a mass education on which could both provided the country with maximum students and with experienced school masters able to give a better education was planned. It was the era of the educating television. Furst after the withdrawal of the educating television somme important problems affected the educative policy of the country. The unification of pedagogic meatures is necessary to harmonize the pedagogic methods both in primary and secondary school. It is also necessary to favor the professional mobility. Of we want to set the problem of a better education today, it is important to keep an eye on the qualification of the school masters
Abdallah, Rima. "Vers un modèle interopérable de contenus pédagogiques multimédia dans la formation ouverte à distance." Toulouse 3, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004TOU30096.
Full textMartinez, Villermosa Luz Marina. "Contribution à la didactique de la traduction spécialisée : le cas de la traduction médicale en espagnol (pratiques, outils, méthodes)." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018GREAL020.
Full textThe number of medical translations to Spanish is constantly increasing. However, specialized translators in this field are not enough to meet the needs of the market according to the different surveys carried out in recent years by Spanish researchers. Considering the lack of empirical studies on the teaching-learning of medical translation, as well as that of specialized translation, we looked at ways to bring university courses closer to the current conditions of professional activity.For this reason, the purpose of the present thesis is intended to be a contribution to the didactics of specialized translation, especially French-Spanish medical translation, by creating a teaching-learning method that will allow transfer of professional skills for translators listed by the EMT Expert Group (European Master's in Translation)
Bertucat, Franck. "Accompagnement méthodologique et formation à l'autorégulation des apprentissages : un enjeu essentiel pour pour l'université." Thesis, Lyon, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LYSE2145/document.
Full textHow to help students become “better learners” (learn""better) by making them discover their cerebral processing and by enabling them to determine and develop their own strategies of learning?We formulate the hypothesis that the question of the contents and that of the strategies to implement are inseparable. We are further interested in the methodological support and, more particularly, in the autoregulation of learning in Higher Education. We try to know with which conditions this support is effective.This study will therefore demonstrate that it is necessary to accompany the students who arrive in Higher Education to allow them to make the most of their training.We also show that the autoregulation of learning (apprenticeships) is not only useful for the students to equip them in their professional role (Coulon,1997), but also, in an indirect way, because its implementation modifies the relationship in the knowledge and in the teaching of the every teacher. We make our demonstration in three stages. We study at first the state of Higher Education in France and highlight several phenomena which characterize its strong evolution during the past sixty years: the significant increase in Higher Education options is not tantamount to democratization (Merle, 2002; Pinto, 2008) and the number of failures remains high (25% of the subscribers do not obtain their diploma in 4 years). Secondly, we enter the educational domain by confronting the academic practices with knowledge brought by sociology, psychology, neurosciences but also research and innovations in pedagogy. Finally, we analyze the experience which we led within our institution with first-year students. We can show that it is possible to facilitate the process of learning and to move forward concretely to the autoregulation of learning. We will finish with some recommendations in the direction of the neoholders of high school diplomas, teachers as well as the institutions of Higher Education
Le, Berre Maël. "Dépôt de matière et formation de motifs sur une surface solide : Méthodes microfluidiques, Contrôle par forces capillaires et Génération de vésicules géantes." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00388698.
Full textDans la première partie du manuscrit, nous présentons une méthode originale, la micro-aspiration, permettant de réaliser des assemblages réversibles de canaux microfluidiques sur un substrat et servir à guider les liquides. Nous avons étudié les propriétés de ces systèmes avec des modèles physiques simples et appliqué ces phénomènes à la micromanipulation de liquides, le dépôt de protéines à diverses concentrations sur un substrat, la fabrication de motifs de polymères, nanoparticules, gels, etc.
Dans la seconde partie, nous avons exploré des nouvelles méthodes de dépôt de films de phospholipides multicouches sur des substrats solides et les avons appliqués à la fabrication de vésicules unilamellaires géantes de taille contrôlée. Tout d'abord, l'adaptation de techniques conventionnelles (micro-contact printing, moulage, etc.) a permis d'obtenir des motifs de phospholipides de taille micrométrique. Les dépôts ont ensuite été réalisés par retrait d'un ménisque en situation d'évaporation (assemblage capillaire). Nous avons identifié deux régimes de dépôt en fonction de l'importance relative des forces visqueuses et de l'évaporation, permettant un contrôle de l'épaisseur du film jusqu'à 200 nm à la bicouche près. L'émergence d'instabilités de mouillage ou le guidage sur micro-structures ont permis en outre de réaliser des motifs variés. En utilisant des substrats comme électrodes, ces différents niveaux d'organisation ont permis d'obtenir par électroformation des vésicules unilamellaires géantes de taille contrôlée. L'ensemble de ces travaux ouvre de nouvelles voies à la réalisation de surfaces et de motifs micrométriques d'intérêt biologique.
Deom, Tardif Alèxe. "Évaluation d'une formation de développement professionnel continu portant sur l'intégration des notions de sexe et de genre : une approche de méthodes mixtes." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/69486.
Full textHealth inequalities between men and women persist in Canada. This study assessed the impact of a continuing professional development (CPD) training program that incorporates notions of sex and gender on the intention of healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. We also explored barriers and facilitators to healthcare professionals' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Using an integrated convergent mixed-methods research design, including a non-randomized controlled trial, we conducted the study at six sites in Quebec (n = 4), Ontario (n = 1) and New Brunswick (n = 1). We recruited 127 healthcare professionals who were enrolled in one of the two CPD training courses on pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies for managing diabetes and depression. The two courses were offered simultaneously but differed in content: one integrated cosiderations of sex and gender (intervention group) and the other did not (control group). At the end of the CPD training, we used the CPD-Reactionquestionnaire to measure healthcare professionals' intention to adapt pharmacological and non-pharmacological strategies in cases of diabetes and depression, considering the differences between men and women. Then, in semi-structured group discussions, we explored barriers and facilitators to participants' integration of sex and gender considerations into their clinical practice. Discussions were recorded and transcribed verbatim. We performed an analysis of covariance to compare the mean intention scores of the intervention and control groups using the Wilcoxon non-parametric test. Informed by the Theoretical Domains Framework, we carried out a thematic analysis of the verbatim. Inspired by the COM-B model of behavior, we triangulated the quantitative and qualitative results to produce recommendations. After training, mean intention scores for the intervention (n=49 participants) and control group (n=78 participants) were 5.65 ± 0.19 and 5.19 ± 0.15, respectively. Meandifference was -0.47 (CI -0.95 to 0.01; p=0.06). Adjusted for age, sex, and practice settings, mean difference was -0.57 (CI -1.09 to 0.05; p=0.03). Using the Theoretical Domains Framework, we identified ten barriers to integration of sex and gender considerations into clinical practice related to eight domains, and seven facilitators related to six domains. Recommendations included the addition of group discussions and clinical case vignettes showing the consequences of omitting sex and gender considerations in clinical practice. Our findings will inform future CPD initiatives to help reduce sex and gender inequalities in health care in Canada
Rosdahl, Karl Joakim. "Cosmological RHD simulations of early galaxy formation." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10075/document.
Full textWith the increasing sophistication and efficiency of cosmological hydrodynamics codes, ithas become viable to include ionizing radiative transfer (RT) in cosmological simulations,either in post-processing or in full-blown radiation-hydrodynamics (RHD) simulations. Inspite of the many hurdles involved, there has been much activity during the last decade or soon different strategies and implementations, because a number of interesting problems canbe addressed with RT and RHD, e.g. how and when the Universe became reionized, howradiation from stars and active galactic nuclei plays a part in regulating structure formationon small and large scales, and what predictions and interpretations we can make of observedphenomena such as the Lyman-alpha forest and diffuse sources of radiation.This coincides with the advent of the James Webb space telescope (JWST) and otherstate-of-the-art instruments which are about to give us an unprecedented glimpse into theend of the dark ages of the Universe, when the cosmos switched from a cold and neutralstate to a hot and ionized one, due to the turn-on of ionizing radiative sources.With a primary interest in the problem of radiative feedback in early structure formation,we have implemented an RHD version of the Ramses cosmological code we call RamsesRT,which is moment based and employs the local M1 Eddington tensor closure. This code allowsus to study the effects of ionizing radiation on-the-fly in cosmological RHD simulationsthat take full advantage of the adaptive mesh refinement and parallelization strategies ofRamses. For self-consistent RHD we have also implemented a non-equilibrium chemistry ofthe atomic hydrogen and helium species that interact with the transported radiation.I present in this thesis an extensive description of the RamsesRT implementation andnumerous tests to validate it.Thus far we have used the RHD implementation to study extended line emission fromaccretion streams, which are routinely predicted to exist at early redshift by cosmologicalsimulations but have never been unambiguously verified by observations, and to investigatewhether gravitational heating in those streams could be the dominant power source ofso-called Lyman-alpha blobs, an observed phenomenon which has been much studied anddebated during the last decade or two. Our conclusions from this investigation are thatLyman-alpha blobs can in principle be powered by gravitational heating, and furthermorethat accretion streams are on the verge of being directly detectable for the first time withupcoming instruments.My future intent is to use RamsesRT for high-resolution cosmological zoom simulations ofearly galaxy formation, up to the epoch of reionization, to study how radiative feedbackaffects the formation and evolution of those galaxies and to make observational predictionsthat can be tested with upcoming instruments such as the JWST
Willner, Kai. "Etude théorique d'états vibrationnels faiblement liés du trimère de sodium: méthodes numériques; perspectives pour la formation de Na3 dans un gaz ultra-froid." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011523.
Full text- Les énergies des états vibrationnels les moins liés du complexe van der Waals Na - Na2 sont calculées par une méthode hypersphérique diabatique-par-secteur. Les niveaux calculés sont analysés par la théorie du défaut quantique.
Kadmi, Yassine. "Étude, modélisation et simulation de la formation des sous-produits de chloration émergents dans l’eau potable." Rennes, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCR0023.
Full textChlorination is the primary method used to disinfect water for human consumption. Unfortunately, this process leads to the formation of chlorination by-products of (CBPs) due to the reaction between chlorine and the organic matter naturally present in the water. To identify and quantify the CBPs, which may coexist in chlorinated water, at trace or ultra-trace levels, we have developed advanced analytical methods. The methodology developed in this work is an approach specifically dedicated to the study and modeling, which incorporates the basic parameters (effect of pH, temperature, organic matter content, the initial chlorine dose,…) involved in the formation of several CBPs. To assess the influence of these parameters, kinetic-performed evaluations on different waters under an experimental design with a series of tests, which covered the various factors mentioned above. To do this, we have developed an experimental methodology to proceed with the completion of the analysis of CBPs formed simultaneously in the same water in the same operation. Furthermore, kinetic studies, predictive models of simultaneous formation of target molecules, were established. Subsequently, a model of the formation of such coupled byproducts, along with the consumption of chlorine in the water, was carried out. Thus, the methodology proposed in this study was tested and validated following an experimental study of chlorination performed on various types of natural waters
Marquet, Pascal. "L'impact des TIC dans l'enseignement et la formation : mesures, modèles et méthodes ; contribution à l'évolution du paradigme comparatiste des usages de l'informatique en pédagogie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00343142.
Full textLa seconde conception, dite médiatisée, met l'accent sur le média, les échanges interpersonnels et la dématérialisation des contenus d'enseignement rendus possibles par l'usage des réseaux numériques, notamment à partir du milieu des années quatre-vingt-dix. La vérification des effets des usages scolaires de l'Internet et la mise au jour des effets de la distance en formation révèlent notamment le faible pouvoir prédictif des modèles disponibles.
Enfin, la troisième vision est celle des situations d'enseignement-apprentissage instrumentées, depuis la banalisation récente des TIC en pédagogie. Elle permet de s'affranchir des deux précédentes et de comprendre pourquoi les différences qui peuvent être établies entre la présence et l'absence d'un système technique ou les différences intermédias sont si peu nombreuses et si locales. En effet, le fait de se focaliser sur l'attribution de fonctions par les usagers et sur la construction et l'adaptation de leurs habiletés confère aux usages dominants et antérieurs aux artefacts informatiques une importance insoupçonnée.
Ces changements de paradigme sont illustrés par neuf expérimentations ou observations, conduites dans des conditions de classe en milieu scolaire ou de formation en stage, le tout réparti sur une douzaine d'années. Ces travaux s'ouvrent sur l'étude des conflits instrumentaux, qui seraient les marqueurs des interférences susceptibles d'intervenir entre les différents niveaux de genèse instrumentale des artefacts didactiques emboîtés dans des artefacts informatiques.
Marquet, Pascal. "L'impact des TIC dans l'enseignement et la formation : Mesures, modèles et méthodes. Contribution à l'évolution du paradigme comparatif des usages de l'informatique en pédagogie." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Louis Pasteur - Strasbourg I, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/edutice-00000384.
Full textAyachi, Naceur. "Contribution à l'étude de la formation de la suie dans les milieux en combustion par les méthodes optiques basées sur la diffusion de lumière." Ecully, Ecole centrale de Lyon, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991ECDL0026.
Full textPichette, Drapeau Martin. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse pour la formation de liaisons C(aryl)-hétéroatome et C(aryl)-C par réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique et vinylique." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/27546.
Full textThe primary objective of our doctoral research was centered on the use of aryl halides as electrophiles for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). Firstly, we tried to create C(aryl)-heteroatom bonds by reacting heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. The results of this study were compared with inconsistencies found in the literature and show that the expected order of reactivity of aryl halides is not always observed. A beneficial effect was observed by adding 2,2,6,6 tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione to the reaction of phenols and aryl halides substituted by electron-donating groups in what is the first method allowing the synthesis of diarylethers without added metal catalyst by this pathway. Secondly, we developed a general α-arylation reaction of aryl ketones with aryl halides under mild reaction conditions. Use of KOt-Bu, an inorganic base capable of single-electron transfer, and DMF as additive enables the synthesis of α-arylketones in excellent yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of fused heterocycles and (Z) tamoxifen, molecules possessing biological activity. A mechanistic study showed that the carbamoyl anion of DMF is involved in a single-electron transfer reaction with aryl halides as the key step of the mechanism. We next applied this method to the nucleophilic vinylic substitution of β halostyrenes. While literature precedents suggest ionic mechanisms for reactions involving these substrates, we obtained experimental evidence suggesting a radical mechanism. Thirdly, we tried to develop the first protocol enabling the copper-catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls starting from aryl halides and triarylbismuthanes(III). Although many bidentate and tetradentated ligands were tested, further optimization is required in order to develop a general method, as only low yields are obtained. Globally, we have contributed to the determination of the experimental frontier between SNAr and metallic catalysis, to the α-functionnalization of aryl ketones and to the synthesis of biaryls through copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths.
Pichette, drapeau Martin. "Nouvelles méthodes de synthèse pour la formation de liaisons C(aryl)-hétéroatome et C(aryl)-C par réactions de substitution nucléophile aromatique et vinylique." Thesis, Montpellier, Ecole nationale supérieure de chimie, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ENCM0005.
Full textThe primary objective of our doctoral research was centered on the use of aryl halides as electrophiles for nucleophilic aromatic substitution (SNAr). First, we tried to create C(aryl)−heteroatom bonds by reacting heteroatom nucleophiles with aryl halides substituted by electron-withdrawing groups. The results of this study were compared with inconsistencies found in the literature and show that the expected order of reactivity of aryl halides is not always observed. A beneficial effect was observed by adding 2,2,6,6-tetramethylheptane-3,5-dione to the reaction of phenols and aryl halides substituted by electron-donating groups in what is the first method allowing the synthesis of diarylethers without added metal catalysts by this pathway. Second, we developed a general α-arylation reaction of aryl ketones with aryl halides under mild reaction conditions. Use of KOt-Bu, an inorganic base capable of single-electron transfer, and DMF as additive enables the synthesis of α-arylketones in excellent yields. This method was applied to the synthesis of fused heterocycles and (Z) tamoxifen, molecules possessing biological activity. A mechanistic study showed that the carbamoyl anion of DMF is involved in a single-electron transfer reaction with aryl halides as the key step of the mechanism. We next applied this method to the nucleophilic vinylic substitution of β-halogenostyrenes. While literature precedents suggest ionic mechanisms for reactions involving these substrates, we obtained experimental evidence suggesting a radical mechanism. Third, we tried to develop the first protocol enabling the copper-catalyzed synthesis of unsymmetrical biaryls starting from aryl halides and triarylbismuthanes(III). Although many bidentate and tetradentated ligands were tested, further optimization is required in order to develop a general method, as only low yields are obtained. Globally, we have contributed to the determination of the experimental frontier between SNAr and metallic catalysis, to the α-functionnalization of aryl ketones and to the synthesis of biaryls through copper-catalyzed cross-coupling reactions of triarylbismuths
Noël, Franck. "Simulation numérique de la formation d'un dépôt de particules sur une surface poreuse : application à la filtration d'arrêt." Toulouse, INPT, 2006. https://hal.science/tel-04594672.
Full textIn this work, we developed numerical tools which enabled us on the one hand to analyze and compute the hydraulic resistance of particles deposited on a filter membrane and on the other hand to simulate the formation of deposits in frontal filtration when the external flow has a very small Reynolds number (Stokes flow). We distinguished two principal cases according to the relationship between the size of the particles and the size of the pore of the membrane. When this ratio is small (situations called to separation of scales), we modelized the flow in the deposit with the Darcy's law. When this ratio is important (absence of separation of scales), the homogenized models such as Darcy is a bad approximation of the flow and it is necessary in theory to solve equations of Stokes
Comito, Carlo. "Numerical N-body approach to binary asteroid formation and evolution." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00703696.
Full textCalderon, Virginie. "Méthodes bioinformatiques d'analyses de données génomiques, transcriptomiques et cliniques pour l'étude des mécanismes de résistances aux drogues et leurs relations avec la formation de biofilms." Toulouse 3, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU30200.
Full textGenes from the Chaperon-Usher patway, allowing the assembly of fimbriae at the surface of bacteria involved in adhesion and biofilm formation, are mainly found in genomes from Gram negative bacteria. The developpement of a new stratgy of annotation and classification, the evolutive analysis and the ancestral state reconstruction allowed to determine the dynamics of these systems implying multiple gains and losses, and homologous recombination events within complete genomes, of a genus or a species. To understand the relationship between biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance in P. Aeruginosa, analysis of transcriptomic data from clinical and laboratory strains allows i) to establish specific expression signatures in clinical strains according to the stage of infection in the patient and ii) to determine the regulon of the response regulator PprB from the two-component system PprA/B
Mathis, Catherine. "Les acétohydroxyacides et les dicétones libres en fermentation brassicole : étude de leur formation par la levure grâce à de nouvelles méthodes de dosages en ligne." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989NAN10436.
Full textAndre, Frederic. "Analyse d'une activité en formation initiale de kinésithérapie : le cas de l'aspiration trachéobronchique." Thesis, Toulouse 2, 2019. http://dante.univ-tlse2.fr/id/eprint/7171.
Full textAdvances in digital tools are transforming teaching methods in initial and professional training. Among them, high fidelity simulation for health is now key. Various studies show the value of using simulation in initial training, specifically for the acquisition of technical gestures (hard skills) and knowledge, and emotion management (soft skills) during acts. Thus, this thesis is part of the initial training in a physiotherapy institute based on an experiential approach. In this research-action we will endeavour, with occupational didactics, to apprehend the mechanisms triggered by simulation by comparing them to another method. Two axes will be considered. The first will focus through quantitative data collection on assessing acquisition of theoretical knowledge by our learners by simulation versus a practical work. The second, through the use of self-confrontation interviews, will attempt to understand the differences in students' clinical reasoning. Schema analysis will lead us to offer answers to our questions and point out teaching strategies. The conclusion to our research will consider the setting up of learning sequence adjustment resulting from the analysis of the interviews. We also propose as a result of this work, the creation of another technological tool that will interest the medical and paramedical community. To our knowledge, this is one of the few studies on simulation in physiotherapy linking the simulation approach and clinical immersion
Courtois, Jean-René. "Contribution à l'étude du problème de la formation à la didactisation en éducation physique des professeurs d'école : intérêt et utilité de l'outil didactique, méthodes et contenus pour enseigner l'éducation physique." Grenoble 2, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997GRE29037.
Full textThe work of the teacher in order to concept didactic actions consists in making choices at different stages of the process of designing the relevant teaching activities. The competence to make contents "teachable" is part and parcel of the functions a teacher has to assume, except that the process comes into operation prior to the teaching event. Professional training is required to develop this competency. To help teachers design the contents of their teaching, we have developed a formative document which is usable in class and which focuses on the "didacts" of supporting physical education activities. The elaboration of this document provided the opportunity to analyse the process undertaken to carry out this work, and we are able to propose a model by which a teacher makes this work. Obbservations and surveys undertaken on teachers aiming at developing learning strategies, have highlighted the difference between real and to be achieved competency. Professional training is settled, in order to enable teachers to design their own work and help them develop the permenent capacity of reflection. Results converge to confirm that the use of the document and its model enabled teachers to acquire the competence to make contents "teachable", that the tools and approach used in the training satisfied initial demands, but that other types of professional competencies are necessary to make educating in class perfectly efficient
Bernard, Alexandre. "Influence de la température de cure sur la formation d'ettringite différée dans les bétons." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/10144.
Full textAbstract : A heat cure for concrete can be caused by hydration in massive structures or by thermal treatment in prefabrication industry. When the limit couple maximum temperature/duration of treatment is exceeded, the delayed formation of ettringite occurs and leads to cracking in concrete. The main goal of the work presented in this essay is to establish a safe batch limit for some mixtures, VS (mass concrete) and V-P (precast concrete) which are often used by MTQ. These concretes use some cements blended with silica fume and ternary blended cements with silica fume and fly ash or blast furnace slag. Indeed, the current Canadian standard (CSA A23.1) set a limit which doesn’t depend on duration of the treatment nor the type of bender. However, the link between composition of the used bender, with can be determined by X-ray fluorescence and X-ray diffraction, and the response to a thermal treatment has been confirmed. The soluble SO3/Al2O3 ratio allows to estimate if a bender is sensitive to heat cure. The delayed formation of ettringite is a long process which can last a decade. In order to study this phenomenon, several accelerated test methods have been used. Some of them are available for some future tests. An accelerated expansion method using mortar bar allows to spot the DEF-sensitive benders. Delayed ettringite formation in the less sensitive bender can be estimated by weight gain in concrete prisms and by observation with scanning electron microscope (SEM). The sensitivity level of a bender can by estimated using a method based on weight gain. Ternary blended cements show a greater ability to withstand DEF. The sensibility of binary blended cements depends on soluble SO3/Al2O3 ratio.
Bironneau, Michel. "Les vidéogrammes didactiques dans la formation de formateurs pour les activités physiques et sportives." Paris 8, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA080994.
Full textVideo has been considered, for a very long time, as a promissing ressource in the area of physical an sports activities. The thesis males an analysis, through the study of six videogrammes, of the videogrammes production used in the training of teachers. This production is growing rapidly. Specific analytical tools must be added to those available in established film analysis. The six videogrammes understudy concern various branches in the teaching of physical and sports activities. The analysis atempts to bring to light the content tought and the pedagogicla model proposed, as well as the pedagogical model on wich the videogrammes are based. The result show differing degrees of filmic treatment. Generaly speaking, the videogrammes propose, in a formal directive mode, a content wich has been fully elaborated, and presents reductive models of motor activity and technics, in which gestual behaviors are the main focus off attention. These appear, in most cases, as hightly successfull models. The main pedagogical element is based on progressive model exercices, planed in advance by the teacher, whose interaction with his students is ignored. What is left undefined is the question of where and how those videogrammes should bee used in educational technology
Gachon, Jean-Claude. "Enthalpies de formation des composés binaires de métaux de transition par réaction directe dans un calorimètre 1800 K. : Discussion de méthodes de prévisions thermodynamiques et structurales." Nancy 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986NAN10055.
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