Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes de Monte-Carlo et quasi Monte-Carlo'
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Ounaissi, Daoud. "Méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo et Monte Carlo : application aux calculs des estimateurs Lasso et Lasso bayésien." Thesis, Lille 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIL10043/document.
Full textThe thesis contains 6 chapters. The first chapter contains an introduction to linear regression, the Lasso and the Bayesian Lasso problems. Chapter 2 recalls the convex optimization algorithms and presents the Fista algorithm for calculating the Lasso estimator. The properties of the convergence of this algorithm is also given in this chapter using the entropy estimator and Pitman-Yor estimator. Chapter 3 is devoted to comparison of Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo methods in numerical calculations of Bayesian Lasso. It comes out of this comparison that the Hammersely points give the best results. Chapter 4 gives a geometric interpretation of the partition function of the Bayesian lasso expressed as a function of the incomplete Gamma function. This allowed us to give a convergence criterion for the Metropolis Hastings algorithm. Chapter 5 presents the Bayesian estimator as the law limit a multivariate stochastic differential equation. This allowed us to calculate the Bayesian Lasso using numerical schemes semi-implicit and explicit Euler and methods of Monte Carlo, Monte Carlo multilevel (MLMC) and Metropolis Hastings algorithm. Comparing the calculation costs shows the couple (semi-implicit Euler scheme, MLMC) wins against the other couples (scheme method). Finally in chapter 6 we found the Lasso convergence rate of the Bayesian Lasso when the signal / noise ratio is constant and when the noise tends to 0. This allowed us to provide a new criteria for the convergence of the Metropolis algorithm Hastings
Coulibaly, Ibrahim. "Contributions à l'analyse numérique des méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1997. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00004933.
Full textTarhini, Ali. "Analyse numérique des méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo appliquées aux modèles d'agglomération." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS015.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated experiments. Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods are deterministic versions of Monte Carlo methods. Random sequences are replaced by low discrepancy sequences. These sequences ha ve a better uniform repartition in the s-dimensional unit cube. We use a special class of low discrepany sequences called (t,s)-sequences. In this work, we develop and analyze Monte Carlo and quasi-Monte Carlo particle methods for agglomeration phenomena. We are interested, in particular, in the numerical simulation of the discrete coagulation equations (the Smoluchowski equation), the continuous coagulation equation, the continuous coagulation-fragmentation equation and the general dynamics equation (GDE) for aerosols. In all these particle methods, we write the equation verified by the mass distribution density and we approach this density by a sum of n Dirac measures ; these measures are weighted when simulating the GDE equation. We use an explicit Euler disretiza tion scheme in time. For the simulation of coagulation and coagulation-fragmentation, the numerical particles evolves by using random numbers (for MC simulations) or by quasi-Monte Carlo quadratures. To insure the convergence of the numerical scheme, we reorder the numerical particles by their increasing mass at each time step. In the case of the GDE equation, we use a fractional step iteration scheme : coagulation is simulated as previously, other phenomena (like condensation, evaporation and deposition) are integrated by using a deterministic particle method for solving hyperbolic partial differential equation. We prove the convergence of the QMC numerical scheme in the case of the coagulation equation and the coagulation-fragmentation equation, when the number n of numerical particles goes to infinity. All our numerical tests show that the numerical solutions calculated by QMC algorithms converges to the exact solutions and gives better results than those obtained by the corresponding Monte Carlo strategies
Gilquin, Laurent. "Échantillonnages Monte Carlo et quasi-Monte Carlo pour l'estimation des indices de Sobol' : application à un modèle transport-urbanisme." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016GREAM042/document.
Full textLand Use and Transportation Integrated (LUTI) models have become a norm for representing the interactions between land use and the transportation of goods and people in a territory. These models are mainly used to evaluate alternative planning scenarios, simulating their impact on land cover and travel demand.LUTI models and other mathematical models used in various fields are most of the time based on complex computer codes. These codes often involve poorly-known inputs whose uncertainty can have significant effects on the model outputs.Global sensitivity analysis methods are useful tools to study the influence of the model inputs on its outputs. Among the large number of available approaches, the variance based method introduced by Sobol' allows to calculate sensitivity indices called Sobol' indices. These indices quantify the influence of each model input on the outputs and can detect existing interactions between inputs.In this framework, we favor a particular method based on replicated designs of experiments called replication method. This method appears to be the most suitable for our application and is advantageous as it requires a relatively small number of model evaluations to estimate first-order or second-order Sobol' indices.This thesis focuses on extensions of the replication method to face constraints arising in our application on the LUTI model Tranus, such as the presence of dependency among the model inputs, as far as multivariate outputs.Aside from that, we propose a recursive approach to sequentially estimate Sobol' indices. The recursive approach is based on the iterative construction of stratified designs, latin hypercubes and orthogonal arrays, and on the definition of a new stopping criterion. With this approach, more accurate Sobol' estimates are obtained while recycling previous sets of model evaluations. We also propose to combine such an approach with quasi-Monte Carlo sampling.An application of our contributions on the LUTI model Tranus is presented
Desrumaux, Pierre-François. "Méthodes statistiques pour l’estimation du rendement paramétrique des circuits intégrés analogiques et RF." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20126/document.
Full textSemiconductor device fabrication is a complex process which is subject to various sources of variability. These variations can impact the functionality and performance of analog integrated circuits, which leads to yield loss, potential chip modifications, delayed time to market and reduced profit. Statistical circuit simulation methods enable to estimate the parametric yield of the circuit early in the design stage so that corrections can be done before manufacturing. However, traditional methods such as Monte Carlo method and corner simulation have limitations. Therefore an accurate analog yield estimate based on a small number of circuit simulations is needed. In this thesis, existing statistical methods from electronics and non-Electronics publications are first described. However, these methods suffer from sever drawbacks such as the need of initial time-Consuming circuit simulations, or a poor scaling with the number of random variables. Second, three novel statistical methods are proposed to accurately estimate the parametric yield of analog/RF integrated circuits based on a moderate number of circuit simulations: An automatically sorted quasi-Monte Carlo method, a kernel-Based control variates method and an importance sampling method. The three methods rely on a mathematical model of the circuit performance metric which is constructed based on a truncated first-Order Taylor expansion. This modeling technique is selected as it requires a minimal number of SPICE-Like circuit simulations. Both theoretical and simulation results show that the proposed methods lead to significant speedup or improvement in accuracy compared to other existing methods
Marques, Ricardo. "Bayesian and Quasi-Monte Carlo spherical integration for global illumination." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00979655.
Full textBlanco, Juan Antonio. "Couplage neutronique, thermohydraulique et thermomécanique pour la modélisation des accidents de criticité dans des systèmes nucléaires." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020GRALI078.
Full textThis thesis was developed within in the framework of the multi-scale and multi-physics models for the simulation of criticality accidents, carried jointly between the CNRS and the IRSN. A multi-physics and multi-scale approach aims to produce a numerical model taking into account all the relevant physical phenomena existing in nuclear systems as well as their coupling. This approach makes possible to improve the predictive capacities of the single physics models and to numerically study the behavior of a nuclear system under conditions that would be difficult to achieve or reproduce by experiments. The multi-scale / multi-physics approach is, therefore, particularly useful for the study of nuclear reactor criticality accidents, or more generally, for all nuclear systems where a tight coupling exists between neutronics, mechanics (of solids and fluids) and heat transfers.The objectives of the thesis were, firstly, to develop a new numerical scheme for the coupling between the neutronic code Serpent 2 (Monte Carlo code) and the Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) code OpenFOAM. Secondly, to develop the physical models that allow greater flexibility for criticality accidents studies in terms of type of transients, systems and phenomena considered. Among the various physical models developed during the work, it can be mentioned the transient neutronic models based on a quasi-static Monte Carlo approach and on the deterministic SP1 and SP3 methods. A porous medium model was also developed during the work to allow performing studies on nuclear systems containing a solid nuclear fuel cooled by a fluid. The numerical implementation of the multi-physics coupling was performed in C/C++ in the OpenFOAM code. This code is very well suited to numerically solve continuous mechanics problems using a finite volume method. It also provides very large library of CFD algorithms (RANS, LES et DNS). The thesis work specially focused on the study of the strategy to be followed to implement the quasi-static method numerically with a Monte Carlo type code in the same platform through internal coupling.The performances of the coupling and the developed models were studied for different scenarios and nuclear systems: the transient Godiva experiments, an international benchmark for multi-physics codes for Molten Salts Reactors and the case of a hypothetical criticality accident in a Boiling Water Reactor (BWR) spent fuel pool. These diverse scenarios and systems were selected because they are characterized by presenting a multitude of highly coupled physical phenomena which required a very careful modeling. One can mention: the Doppler and fuel density effects, the thermal expansion and thermomechanical stresses, the presence of laminar or turbulent flows in the coolant or liquid fuel, the delayed neutrons precursors convection, and the energy and mass transfers and the phase change in porous media. The different comparisons between the multi-physics tool and the available data show a very good agreement and confirm that the selected approach is pertinent for the study of criticality accidents and allows obtaining very good precision and flexibility while maintaining satisfactory computational costs
Kebaier, Ahmed. "Réduction de variance et discrétisation d'équations différentielles stochastiques : théorèmes limites presque sûres pour les martingales quasi-continues à gauche." Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011947.
Full textThis thesis contains two parts related respectively to the discretization of stochastic differential equations and to the almost sure limit theorems for martingales. The first part is made up three chapters: the first chapter introduces the general framework of the study and presents the main results. The second chapter is devoted to study a new method of acceleration of convergence, called statistical Romberg method, for the evaluation of expectations of functions or functionnal of a given diffusion. In the third chapter, we use this method in order to approximate density diffusions using kernel density functions. The second part of the thesis is made up of two chapters: the first chapter presents the recents results concerning the almost sure central limit theorem and its extensions. The second chapter, extends various results of type ASCLT for quasi-left continuous martingales
Koudiraty, Abdoul A. "Analyse numérique de méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo." Chambéry, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001CHAMS015.
Full textKebaier, Ahmed. "Réduction de variance et discrétisation d'équations différentielles stochastiques.Théorèmes limites presque sûre pour les martingales quasi-continues à gauche." Phd thesis, Université de Marne la Vallée, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011947.
Full textLa première Partie est composée de trois chapitres: Le premier chapitre introduit le cadre de l'étude et présente les résultats obtenus. Le deuxième chapitre est consacré à l'étude d'une nouvelle méthode d'accélération de convergence, appelée méthode de Romberg statistique, pour le calcul d'espérances de fonctions ou de fonctionnelles d'une diffusion.
Ce chapitre est la version augmentée d'un article à paraître dans la revue Annals of Applied Probability.
Le troisième chapitre traite de l'application de cette méthode à l'approximation de densité par des méthodes de noyaux.
Ce chapitre est basé sur un travail en collaboration avec Arturo Kohatsu-Higa.
La deuxième partie de la thèse est composée de deux chapitres: le premier chapitre présente la littérature récente concernant le théorème de la limite centrale presque sûre et ses extensions. Le deuxième chapitre, basé sur un travail en collaboration avec Faouzi Chaâbane, étend divers résultats de type TLCPS à des martingales quasi-continues à gauche.
Tuffin, Bruno. "Simulation acceleree par les methodes de monte carlo et quasi-monte carlo : theorie et applications." Rennes 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997REN10181.
Full textEl, Haddad Rami. "Méthodes quasi-Monte Carlo de simulation des chaînes de Markov." Chambéry, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008CHAMS062.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are probabilistic methods based on the use of random numbers in repeated simulations to estimate some parameter. Their deterministic versions are called Quasi-Monte Carlo (QMC) methods. The idea is to replace pseudo-random points by deterministic quasi-random points (also known as low-discrepancy point sets or sequences). In this work, we propose and analyze QMC-based algorithms for the simulation of multidimensional Markov chains. The quasi-random points we use are (T,S)-sequences in base B. After recalling the principles of MC and QMC methods and their main properties, we introduce some plain financial models, to serve in the following as numerical examples to test the convergence of the proposed schemes. We focus on problems where the exact solution is known, in order to be able to compute the error and to compare the efficiency of the various schemes In a first part, we consider discrete-time Markov chains with S-dimensional state spaces. We propose an iterative QMC scheme for approximating the distribution of the chain at any time. The scheme uses a (T,S+1)-sequence in base b for the transitions. Additionally, one needs to re-order the copies of the chain according to their successive components at each time-step. We study the convergence of the scheme by making some assumptions on the transition matrix. We assess the accuracy of the QMC algorithm through financial examples. The results show that the new technique is more efficient than the traditional MC approach. Then, we propose a QMC algorithm for the simulation of Markov chains with multidimensional continuous state spaces. The method uses the same re-ordering step as in the discrete setting. We provide convergence results in the case of one dimensional chains and then in the case of multidimensional chains, by making additional assumptions. We illustrate the convergence of the algorithm through numerical experiments. The results show that the new method converges faster than the MC algorithm. In the last part, we consider the problem of the diffusion equation in a spatially nonhomogeneous medium. We use a random walk algorithm, in conjunction with a correction of the Gaussian Steplength. We write a QMC variant of the algorithm, by adapting the principles seen for the simulation of the Markov chains. We test the method in dimensions 1, 2 and 3 on a problem involving the diffusion of calcium ions in a biological medium. In all the simulations, the results of QMC computations show a strong improvement over MC outcomes. Finally, we give some perspectives and directions for future work
Arouna, Bouhari. "Algotithmes stochastiques et méthodes de Monte Carlo." Phd thesis, Ecole des Ponts ParisTech, 2004. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001269.
Full textMoreni, Nicola. "Méthodes de Monte Carlo et valorisation d' options." Paris 6, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005PA066626.
Full textCerf, Nicolas. "Méthodes de Monte Carlo :application à l'étude de systèmes quantiques." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/212621.
Full textMaire, Sylvain. "Quelques Techniques de Couplage entre Méthodes Numériques Déterministes et Méthodes de Monte-Carlo." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université du Sud Toulon Var, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00579977.
Full textTouzin, Guillaume. "Étude des méthodes de Monte-Carlo et de leurs efficacités relatives." Thèse, Université du Québec à Trois-Rivières, 2013. http://depot-e.uqtr.ca/6868/1/030466576.pdf.
Full textArouna, Bouhari. "Méthodes de Monté Carlo et algorithmes stochastiques." Marne-la-vallée, ENPC, 2004. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00001269.
Full textFakhereddine, Rana. "Méthodes de Monte Carlo stratifiées pour l'intégration numérique et la simulation numériques." Thesis, Grenoble, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013GRENM047/document.
Full textMonte Carlo (MC) methods are numerical methods using random numbers to solve on computers problems from applied sciences and techniques. One estimates a quantity by repeated evaluations using N values ; the error of the method is approximated through the variance of the estimator. In the present work, we analyze variance reduction methods and we test their efficiency for numerical integration and for solving differential or integral equations. First, we present stratified MC methods and Latin Hypercube Sampling (LHS) technique. Among stratification strategies, we focus on the simple approach (MCS) : the unit hypercube Is := [0; 1)s is divided into N subcubes having the same measure, and one random point is chosen in each subcube. We analyze the variance of the method for the problem of numerical quadrature. The case of the evaluation of the measure of a subset of Is is particularly detailed. The variance of the MCS method may be bounded by O(1=N1+1=s). The results of numerical experiments in dimensions 2,3, and 4 show that the upper bounds are tight. We next propose an hybrid method between MCS and LHS, that has properties of both approaches, with one random point in each subcube and such that the projections of the points on each coordinate axis are also evenly distributed : one projection in each of the N subintervals that uniformly divide the unit interval I := [0; 1). We call this technique Sudoku Sampling (SS). Conducting the same analysis as before, we show that the variance of the SS method is bounded by O(1=N1+1=s) ; the order of the bound is validated through the results of numerical experiments in dimensions 2,3, and 4. Next, we present an approach of the random walk method using the variance reduction techniques previously analyzed. We propose an algorithm for solving the diffusion equation with a constant or spatially-varying diffusion coefficient. One uses particles, that are sampled from the initial distribution ; they are subject to a Gaussian move in each time step. The particles are renumbered according to their positions in every step and the random numbers which give the displacements are replaced by the stratified points used above. The improvement brought by this technique is evaluated in numerical experiments. An analogous approach is finally used for numerically solving the coagulation equation ; this equation models the evolution of the sizes of particles that may agglomerate. The particles are first sampled from the initial size distribution. A time step is fixed and, in every step and for each particle, a coalescence partner is chosen and a random number decides if coalescence occurs. If the particles are ordered in every time step by increasing sizes an if the random numbers are replaced by statified points, a variance reduction is observed, when compared to the results of usual MC algorithm
Helmstetter, Bernard. "Analyses de dépendances et méthodes Monte-Carlo dans les jeux de réflexion." Paris 8, 2007. http://octaviana.fr/document/126279233#?c=0&m=0&s=0&cv=0.
Full textWe explore two families of game programming methods: Monte-Carlo methods, and methods that exploit the weak dependencies between parts of a game. Those methods are applied to one and two-player games: a solitaire card game called Montana, the game of Go, and a one-player puzzle called Morpion solitaire. We describe an algorithm called incremental transpositions which we first apply to Montana; we also apply an algorithm called block search. We study the transitivity of connections in the game of Go and we develop the Monte-Carlo approach, which make a particularly simple program. On Morpion solitaire, applying the algorithm of incremental transpositions and combining with a parallelized search allows us to find a new record for a variant of the game
Lamberti, Roland. "Contributions aux méthodes de Monte Carlo et leur application au filtrage statistique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLL007/document.
Full textThis thesis deals with integration calculus in the context of Bayesian inference and Bayesian statistical filtering. More precisely, we focus on Monte Carlo integration methods. We first revisit the importance sampling with resampling mechanism, then its extension to the dynamic setting known as particle filtering, and finally conclude our work with a multi-target tracking application. Firstly, we consider the problem of estimating some moment of a probability density, known up to a constant, via Monte Carlo methodology. We start by proposing a new estimator affiliated with the normalized importance sampling estimator but using two proposition densities rather than a single one. We then revisit the importance sampling with resampling mechanism as a whole in order to produce Monte Carlo samples that are independent, contrary to the classical mechanism, which enables us to develop two new estimators. Secondly, we consider the dynamic aspect in the framework of sequential Bayesian inference. We thus adapt to this framework our new independent resampling technique, previously developed in a static setting. This yields the particle filtering with independent resampling mechanism, which we reinterpret as a special case of auxiliary particle filtering. Because of the increased cost required by this technique, we next propose a semi independent resampling procedure which enables to control this additional cost. Lastly, we consider an application of multi-target tracking within a sensor network using a new Bayesian model, and empirically analyze the results from our new particle filtering algorithm as well as a sequential Markov Chain Monte Carlo algorithm
Dekeyser, Jean-Luc. "Architectures et algorithmes parallèles pour les méthodes Monte-Carlo en physique des particules." Lille 1, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986LIL10075.
Full textMalzac, Julien. "Modélisation de l'émission X et Gamma des objets compacts par les méthodes Monte-Carlo." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 1999. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00010420.
Full textSridi, Abir. "Méthodes Monte Carlo et modélisation du smile de volatilité dans un cadre multi-dimensionnel." Paris 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA010069.
Full textGiner, Emmanuel. "Méthodes d'interaction de configurations et Monte Carlo quantique : marier le meilleur des deux mondes." Toulouse 3, 2014. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/2722/.
Full textThis work mainly concerns the general problem of the electronic correlation in molecular and atomic systems. The methods used here to asses this problem belong to two usually separate approaches, namely the configuration interaction (CI) and fixed node diffusion Monte Carlo (FN-DMC). The key idea of this work is to use CI wave functions as trial wave functions for the FN-DMC algorithm, and it will be shown that thanks to wise selection of Slater determinants, these wave function can be used in practice in such context. We will show that the FN-DMC used in this way improve considerably the results obtained with the CI approach
Rubenthaler, Sylvain. "Méthodes de Monte-Carlo en filtrage non linéaire et pour certaines équations différentielles stochastiques." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066546.
Full textPhilippe, Anne. "Contribution à la théorie des lois de référence et aux méthodes de Monte Carlo." Rouen, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997ROUES005.
Full textGiffard, Françòis-Xavier. "Développements utilisant des méthodes stochastiques et déterministes pour l'analyse de systèmes nucléaires complexes." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EVRY0007.
Full textEstecahandy, Maïder. "Méthodes accélérées de Monte-Carlo pour la simulation d'événements rares. Applications aux Réseaux de Petri." Thesis, Pau, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PAUU3008/document.
Full textThe dependability analysis of safety instrumented systems is an important industrial concern. To be able to carry out such safety studies, TOTAL develops since the eighties the dependability software GRIF. To take into account the increasing complexity of the operating context of its safety equipment, TOTAL is more frequently led to use the engine MOCA-RP of the GRIF Simulation package. Indeed, MOCA-RP allows to estimate quantities associated with complex aging systems modeled in Petri nets thanks to the standard Monte Carlo (MC) simulation. Nevertheless, deriving accurate estimators, such as the system unavailability, on very reliable systems involves rare event simulation, which requires very long computing times with MC. In order to address this issue, the common fast Monte Carlo methods do not seem to be appropriate. Many of them are originally defined to improve only the estimate of the unreliability and/or well-suited for Markovian processes. Therefore, the work accomplished in this thesis pertains to the development of acceleration methods adapted to the problematic of performing safety studies modeled in Petri nets and estimating in particular the unavailability. More specifically, we propose the Extension of the "Méthode de Conditionnement Temporel" to accelerate the individual failure of the components, and we introduce the Dissociation Method as well as the Truncated Fixed Effort Method to increase the occurrence of their simultaneous failures. Then, we combine the first technique with the two other ones, and we also associate them with the Randomized Quasi-Monte Carlo method. Through different sensitivities studies and benchmark experiments, we assess the performance of the acceleration methods and observe a significant improvement of the results compared with MC. Furthermore, we discuss the choice of the confidence interval method to be used when considering rare event simulation, which is an unfamiliar topic in the field of dependability. Last, an application to an industrial case permits the illustration of the potential of our solution methodology
Ksas, Frédéric. "Méthodes de Monte-Carlo et suites à discrépance faible appliquées au calcul d'options en finance." Evry-Val d'Essonne, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000EVRY0011.
Full textThis thesis contains two parts : the first part deals with numerical methods and the second part studies their applications in finance. The first chapters are devoted to a description of Monte Carlo, quasi-Monte Carlo and hybrid methods. We give an estimation of the variation of a function and techniques in order to reduce it. We give also an estimation of the extended discrepancy of one-dimensional sequence, in particular those whose the terms are a sum of compenents of a multidimensional low-discrepancy sequence. Then, the last chapters are interested in pricing and hedging options with one or several risky assets, such as a European call in a model of complete market with jumps, an Asian call in a model of incomplete market with jumps or a basket call in a multidimensional model of Black-Scholes. We obtain many numerical results and prove that some functions from finance are not of finite variation
Varet, Suzanne. "Développement de méthodes statistiques pour la prédiction d'un gabarit de signature infrarouge." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00511385.
Full textDubarry, Cyrille. "Méthodes de lissage et d'estimation dans des modèles à variables latentes par des méthodes de Monte-Carlo séquentielles." Phd thesis, Institut National des Télécommunications, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00762243.
Full textBricout, Paul-Henri. "Contribution à l'étude de dispositifs NMOS submicroniques par les méthodes de Monte-Carlo et de dérivés-diffusion." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10149.
Full textGouriou, Jean. "Utilisation des méthodes de Monte Carlo pour l'analyse de l'influence des facteurs biologiques et physiques en dosimétrie interne." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30003.
Full textSartor, del Giudice Pablo Enrique. "Propriétés et méthodes de calcul de la fiabilité diamètre-bornée des réseaux." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00945265.
Full textThiam, Cheik Oumar. "Dosimétrie en radiothérapie et curiethérapie par simulation Monte-Carlo GATE sur grille informatique." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007CLF21771.
Full textDi, Lella Angela. "Méthodes de simulation moléculaire pour l'étude de la distribution des cations et de l'adsorption de molécules polaires dans les zéolithes." Paris 11, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA112303.
Full textAdsoprtion properties of zeolites are closely related to the position of nonframework cations and to their accessibility to adsorbed molecules. But it is often difficult to localise these cations experimentaly, all the more than water is present. We have thus used molecular simulations in order to obtain more complete informations on extraframework cation distribution among the different crystallographic sites. First, we have focused our attention on sodium cation distribution in faujasite as a function of Si:Al ratio and adsorbed water amount. The introduction of a new bias has efficently enhanced our Monte Carlo simulations. We have showed an interesting heterogenity in water-zeolite interaction and distinguished four different water adsorbed sites. This study has helped to clarify the water adsorption mechanism in sodium faujasites of both X and Y types. We have then extended this study to others cations. For this purpose, we have developed a methodology to derive new force-field parameters for a given cation. Our results have permitted to predict cationic distribution and water adsorption thermodynamics in both totally exchanged faujasites and, for the first time, in bicationic faujasites
Chen, Yuting. "Inférence bayésienne dans les modèles de croissance de plantes pour la prévision et la caractérisation des incertitudes." Thesis, Châtenay-Malabry, Ecole centrale de Paris, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014ECAP0040/document.
Full textPlant growth models aim to describe plant development and functional processes in interaction with the environment. They offer promising perspectives for many applications, such as yield prediction for decision support or virtual experimentation inthe context of breeding. This PhD focuses on the solutions to enhance plant growth model predictive capacity with an emphasis on advanced statistical methods. Our contributions can be summarized in four parts. Firstly, from a model design perspective, the Log-Normal Allocation and Senescence (LNAS) crop model is proposed. It describes only the essential ecophysiological processes for biomass budget in a probabilistic framework, so as to avoid identification problems and to accentuate uncertainty assessment in model prediction. Secondly, a thorough research is conducted regarding model parameterization. In a Bayesian framework, both Sequential Monte Carlo (SMC) methods and Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) based methods are investigated to address the parameterization issues in the context of plant growth models, which are frequently characterized by nonlinear dynamics, scarce data and a large number of parameters. Particularly, whenthe prior distribution is non-informative, with the objective to put more emphasis on the observation data while preserving the robustness of Bayesian methods, an iterative version of the SMC and MCMC methods is introduced. It can be regarded as a stochastic variant of an EM type algorithm. Thirdly, a three-step data assimilation approach is proposed to address model prediction issues. The most influential parameters are first identified by global sensitivity analysis and chosen by model selection. Subsequently, the model calibration is performed with special attention paid to the uncertainty assessment. The posterior distribution obtained from this estimation step is consequently considered as prior information for the prediction step, in which a SMC-based on-line estimation method such as Convolution Particle Filtering (CPF) is employed to perform data assimilation. Both state and parameter estimates are updated with the purpose of improving theprediction accuracy and reducing the associated uncertainty. Finally, from an application point of view, the proposed methodology is implemented and evaluated with two crop models, the LNAS model for sugar beet and the STICS model for winter wheat. Some indications are also given on the experimental design to optimize the quality of predictions. The applications to real case scenarios show encouraging predictive performances and open the way to potential tools for yield prediction in agriculture
Afsharpour, Hossein. "L’UTILISATION DES MÉTHODES MONTE CARLO POUR LA CARACTÉRISATION DES HÉTÉROGÉNÉITÉS ET DE LEURS CONSÉQUENCES RADIOBIOLOGIQUES EN CURIETHÉRAPIE." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/28980/28980.pdf.
Full textMao, Lili. "Contribution à la résolution de l'équation de Boltzmann en multigroupe par les méthodes déterministes et Monte Carlo." Aix-Marseille 1, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998AIX11026.
Full textAllaya, Mouhamad M. "Méthodes de Monte-Carlo EM et approximations particulaires : application à la calibration d'un modèle de volatilité stochastique." Thesis, Paris 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA010072/document.
Full textThis thesis pursues a double perspective in the joint use of sequential Monte Carlo methods (SMC) and the Expectation-Maximization algorithm (EM) under hidden Markov models having a Markov dependence structure of order grater than one in the unobserved component signal. Firstly, we begin with a brief description of the theoretical basis of both statistical concepts through Chapters 1 and 2 that are devoted. In a second hand, we focus on the simultaneous implementation of both concepts in Chapter 3 in the usual setting where the dependence structure is of order 1. The contribution of SMC methods in this work lies in their ability to effectively approximate any bounded conditional functional in particular, those of filtering and smoothing quantities in a non-linear and non-Gaussian settings. The EM algorithm is itself motivated by the presence of both observable and unobservable ( or partially observed) variables in Hidden Markov Models and particularly the stochastic volatility models in study. Having presented the EM algorithm as well as the SMC methods and some of their properties in Chapters 1 and 2 respectively, we illustrate these two statistical tools through the calibration of a stochastic volatility model. This application is clone for exchange rates and for some stock indexes in Chapter 3. We conclude this chapter on a slight departure from canonical stochastic volatility model as well Monte Carlo simulations on the resulting model. Finally, we strive in Chapters 4 and 5 to provide the theoretical and practical foundation of sequential Monte Carlo methods extension including particle filtering and smoothing when the Markov structure is more pronounced. As an illustration, we give the example of a degenerate stochastic volatility model whose approximation has such a dependence property
Afsharpour, Hossein. "L'utilisation des méthodes Monte Carlo pour la caractérisation des hétérogénéités et de leurs conséquences radiobiologiques en curiethérapie." Doctoral thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/23654.
Full textToulouse, Julien. "Développements méthodologiques en chimie quantique : méthodes de Monte Carlo quantique et théorie de la fonctionnelle de la densité." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00851489.
Full textAmharrak, Hicham. "Développement et optimisation de méthodes de mesures d'échauffements nucléaires et de flux gamma dans les réacteurs expérimentaux : identification, maîtrise, traitement et réduction des incertitudes associées." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM4705.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to develop and to improve the nuclear heating measurement methods in MINERVE and EOLE experimental reactors at CEA-Cadarache, using thermo-luminescent detectors (TLD), optically stimulated luminescence detectors (OSLD – newly implemented in the context of this thesis) and an ionization chamber. It is to identify, prioritize, treat and reduce the various sources of uncertainty and systematic bias associated with the measurement.A series of experiments was set up in the MINERVE reactor. The measurements were carried out in an aluminum or hafnium surrounding using a new procedure methodology. The TLD are calibrated individually, the repeatability of the measurement is experimentally evaluated and the laws of TLD heat are optimized. The measurements of the gamma emitted, with a delay (delayed gamma) after shutdown of the MINERVE reactor, were also carried out using TLD and OSLD detectors with the aluminum pillbox as well as by ionization chamber. The results show a good correlation between the measurements recorded by these three detectors.The interpretation of these measurements needs to take account the calculation of cavity correction factors related to the surrounding and the type of detector used. Similarly, the correction due to the neutrons contributions to the total dose integrated by the detectors are evaluated with two calculation methods. These corrections are based on Monte Carlo simulations of neutron-gamma and gamma-electron transport coupled particles using the MCNP
Sellami, Afef. "Méthodes de quantification optimale pour le filtrage et applications à la finance." Phd thesis, Université Paris Dauphine - Paris IX, 2005. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011586.
Full textZhang, Lei. "Localisation markovienne de systèmes mono-robot et multi-robots utilisant des échantillons auto-adaptatifs." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20003/document.
Full textIn order to achieve the autonomy of mobile robots, effective localization is a necessary prerequisite. In this thesis, we study and compare three regular Markov localization algorithms by simulations. Then we propose an improved Monte Carlo localization algorithm using self-adaptive samples, abbreviated as SAMCL. By employing a pre-caching technique to reduce the on-line computational burden, SAMCL is more efficient than regular MCL. Further, we define the concept of similar energy region (SER), which is a set of poses (grid cells) having similar energy with the robot in the robot space. By distributing global samples in SER instead of distributing randomly in the map, SAMCL obtains a better performance in localization. Position tracking, global localization and the kidnapped robot problem are the three sub-problems of the localization problem. Most localization approaches focus on solving one of these sub-problems. However, SAMCL solves all the three sub-problems together thanks to self-adaptive samples that can automatically separate themselves into a global sample set and a local sample set according to needs. Cooperative localization among multiple robots is carried out by exchanging localization information derived from cooperation. We devise the Position Mapping (PM) algorithm to integrate this information, which can merge into the SAMCL algorithm as an extension. The validity and the efficiency of our algorithms are demonstrated by experiments carried out with a real robot in a structured and known environment
Labart, Celine. "EDSR: analyse de discrétisation et résolution par méthodes de Monte Carlo adaptatives;Perturbation de domaines pour les options américaines." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00199861.
Full textLa première partie de ma thèse revisite la question d'analyse de convergence dans la discrétisation en temps d' EDSR markoviennes (Y,Z) en une équation de programmation dynamique de n pas de temps. Nous établissons un développement limité à l'ordre 1 de l'erreur sur (Y,Z) : précisément, l'erreur trajectorielle sur X se transfère intégralement sur l'EDSR et montre ainsi que si X est approché avec précision ou simulé exactement, de meilleurs vitesses sont possibles (en 1/n).
La seconde partie de ma thèse s'intéresse à la résolution des EDSR via le procédé de Picard et les méthodes de Monte Carlo séquentielles. Nous avons montré que la convergence de notre algorithme a lieu à vitesse géométrique et avec une précision indépendante au 1er ordre du nombre de simulations.
La dernière partie de ma thèse regroupe des premiers résultats sur la valorisation d'options américaines par optimisation de la frontière d'exercice. La clé de voûte de ce type d'approche est la capacité à évaluer un gradient par rapport à la frontière. Le temps continu a été traité par Costantini et al (2006) et cette thèse couvre le cas discret des options Bermuda.
Lambart, Céline. "EDSR: analyse de discrétisation et résolution par méthodes de Monte Carlo adaptatives : perturbation de domaines pour les options américaines." Palaiseau, Ecole polytechnique, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007EPXX0020.
Full textDERRIENNIC, OURLY HELENE. "Etude et optimisation des méthodes de Monte Carlo non analogues pour la simulation des particules neutres en radio-protection." Paris, CNAM, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999CNAM0312.
Full textGuillot, Ludovic. "Spectrométrie gamma aéroportée : étude de nouvelles méthodes de traitement spectral et de calibration permettant une interprétation qualitative et quantitative des mesures." Dijon, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996DIJOS062.
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