Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes évaluation'
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Savoundararadja, Ravindranath. "Évaluation comparative des méthodes multicritères de régression ordinale : méthodes UTA et méthodes MORALS." Paris 6, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987PA066616.
Full textDiab, Hassan. "Évaluation de méthodes formelles de spécification." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape7/PQDD_0020/MQ56896.pdf.
Full textHonobé, Hoang Erik. "Évaluation stratégique d'entreprises par méthodes neuronales." Paris 2, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000PA020104.
Full textDorval, Jonathan. "Évaluation des méthodes d'estimation du productible des parcs éoliens." Mémoire, École de technologie supérieure, 2011. http://espace.etsmtl.ca/966/1/DORVAL_Jonathan.pdf.
Full textOrdas, Sébastien. "Évaluation de méthodes faible consommation contre les attaques matérielles." Thesis, Montpellier, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015MONTS023/document.
Full textThe consumption of integrated circuits has been increasing over the last decade. With the increase of energy prices and the democratization of embedded systems, methods to manage the consumption performance compromise, such as the dynamic management of the frequency and the supply voltage or the substrate potential, were developed. These methods, which are becoming more commonly implemented in integrated systems, allow to reduce the consumption of those latter, and to better manage the tradeoff between consumption and performance.Some of these circuits, embedding these methods, may have to perform some operations with confidential information. It is therefore necessary to consider the possible impact of these methods on the safety of the integrated systems. In this context, the work reported in this thesis aimed to analyze the compatibility of these methods of power management with the design of robust circuits to physical attacks.Specifically, the objective was to determine whether these low-power techniques constitute real obstacles or facilitate the attacks by observation or perturbation exploiting the electromagnetic channel. Initially, a study on the effectiveness of attacks by observation in the presence of random management of voltage, frequency and substrate polarization was done. Secondly, the impact of the dynamic management of supply voltages and substrate polarization on the ability to inject faults by electromagnetic medium was studied. This document presents the overall results of these analyzes. Keyword : Hardware Attacks, Side Channel Attacks, Faults Attacks, Electromagnetic canal, DVFS, Body-biasing
Chang, Bingbing. "Évaluation du stress au travail et méthodes de prévention." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLS214.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop and validate experimentally a method of assessing professional stress inspired by the “Job Demands-Resources” model in a company and in Ph.D students. Two questionnaires customized to these two populations (employees vs. Ph.D students) were created and validated. The results show that our two questionnaires are reliable, valid and flexible to various professional contexts. Measures of coping, well-being and lifestyle allow for an overall assessment of the stressful situation and its repercussions on the individual. Stress profiles and coping combinations identified by Cluster analysis provide a better understanding of the complexities of psychological problems. The final part is devoted to a protocol of induction of psychological stress in a laboratory setting to evaluate and treat an inherent state of stress in a professional context. This protocol of stress induction inspired by the Trier Social Stress Test was set up to study the associations among personality, coping, emotions and heart rate variability. Anxiety traits, neuroticism, extraversion, and consciousness play important roles in stress, coping, and heart rate variability. Fear and shame have been identified as the negative emotions of stress. Mitigation of certain positive emotions has been revealed under stress. These studies offer new directions for the psychological risks’ prevention and serve as a basis for an innovative, inexpensive and adapted tool to a wider variety of professions for the detection and management of occupational stress
Broissand, Christine. "Méthodes d'évaluation de l'antibiothérapie en milieu hospitalier." Paris 5, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989PA05P173.
Full textCabon, Bertrand. "Problèmes d'optimisation combinatoire : évaluation de méthodes de la physique statistique." Toulouse, ENSAE, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996ESAE0024.
Full textVatel, Dominique. "Évaluation de méthodes numériques nouvelles pour les écoulements internes turbulents." Bordeaux 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993BOR10621.
Full textFoerster, Evelyne. "Évaluation des Méthodes Meshfree pour les Simulations Géomécaniques en Transformations Finies." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00649662.
Full textDésilets, Jacques. "Anisotropie de l’information thermique : évaluation des effets et méthodes de correction." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/7845.
Full textDahan, Xavier. "Complexité des représentations des systèmes de polynômes : triangulation, méthodes modulaires, évaluation dynamique." Phd thesis, Ecole Polytechnique X, 2006. http://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/pastel-00003835.
Full textHaned, Hinda. "Évaluation de méthodes statistiques pour l'interprétation des mélanges d'ADN en science forensique." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00817181.
Full textRoussel, Guillaume. "Développement et évaluation de nouvelles méthodes de classification spatiale-spectrale d’images hyperspectrales." Thesis, Toulouse, ISAE, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ESAE0020/document.
Full textThanks to a high number of thin and contiguous spectral bands, the hyperpectral imagery can associate to each pixel of animage a spectral signature representing the reflective behaviour of the materials composing the pixel. Most of theclassification algorithms use this great amount of spectral information without noticing the contextual information betweenthe pixels that belong to the same neighborhood. This study aims to realize new algorithms using simultaneously the spectraland spatial informations in order to classify hyperspectral images, and to study their complementarity in several contexts. Forthis purpose, we have developped three different classification scenarios, each one adapted to a particular type of application.The first scenario consists in a vectorial classification processus. Several spectral and spatial characteristics are extracted andmerged in order to form a unique data set, which is classified using a Support Vector Machine method or a Gaussian MixingModel algorithm. The spectral characteristics are extracted using dimension reduction method, such as PCA or MNF, while thespatial characteristics are extracted using textural characterization tools (co-occurrence matrices and texture spectra) ormorphological tools (morphological profiles). For the second scenario, we adapted a Conditional Random Field algorithm tothe hyperspectral context. Finally, the last scenario is an area-wise classification algorithm relying on a textural segmentationmethod as a pre-processing step.The spectral information is generally sufficient to deal with semantically simple classes, linked to a unique type of material.Complex classes (such as ground amenagment classes) are composed of several materials which potentially belong to morethan one class. Those classes can be characterized both spectrally and spatially, which means that they can be morecompletly described using both spectral and spatial informations. To conclude this study, we compared the threespectral/spatial classification scenarios using three criterions : classification accuracy, algorithmic complexity and strength
Chu, Junfei. "Méthodes d’amélioration pour l'évaluation de l'enveloppement des données évaluation de l'efficacité croisée." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SACLC096/document.
Full textData envelopment analysis (DEA) cross-efficiency evaluation has been widely applied for efficiencyevaluation and ranking of decision-making units (DMUs). However, two issues still need to be addressed: nonuniquenessof optimal weights attached to the inputs and outputs and non-Pareto optimality of the evaluationresults. This thesis proposes alternative methods to address these issues. We first point out that the crossefficiencytargets for the DMUs in the traditional secondary goal models are not always feasible. We then givea model which can always provide feasible cross-efficiency targets for all the DMUs. New benevolent andaggressive secondary goal models and a neutral model are proposed. A numerical example is further used tocompare the proposed models with the previous ones. Then, we present a DEA cross-efficiency evaluationapproach based on Pareto improvement. This approach contains two models and an algorithm. The models areused to estimate whether a given set of cross-efficiency scores is Pareto optimal and to improve the crossefficiencyscores if possible, respectively. The algorithm is used to generate a set of Pareto-optimal crossefficiencyscores for the DMUs. The proposed approach is finally applied for R&D project selection andcompared with the traditional approaches. Additionally, we give a cross-bargaining game DEA cross-efficiencyevaluation approach which addresses both the issues mentioned above. A cross-bargaining game model is proposedto simulate the bargaining between each pair of DMUs among the group to identify a unique set of weights to beused in each other’s cross-efficiency calculation. An algorithm is then developed to solve this model by solvinga series of linear programs. The approach is finally illustrated by applying it to green supplier selection. Finally,we propose a DEA cross-efficiency evaluation approach based on satisfaction degree. We first introduce theconcept of satisfaction degree of each DMU on the optimal weights selected by the other DMUs. Then, a maxminmodel is given to select the set of optimal weights for each DMU which maximizes all the DMUs’satisfaction degrees. Two algorithms are given to solve the model and to ensure the uniqueness of each DMU’soptimal weights, respectively. Finally, the proposed approach is used for a case study for technology selection
Ethgen, Bonnet Morgane. "Méthodes d'évaluation des traitements non pharmacologiques : l'exemple des dispositifs médicaux implantables." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066184.
Full textOur first study was to compare the reporting f harm in trials of pharmacologic (PT) and nonpharmacologic treatment (NPT). 193 articles were analysed. After adjustement for medical areas, sample size, funding source, and multicenter trails, data on harm were more often described in PT reports than in NPT reports in reporting dverse events. The lack of reporting harm in trials assessing NPT in rheuatic disease is an important barrier to evaluating the benefit-harm balance of NPT. Our second work evaluated the harm reporting and the quality of internal and external validity in published reports evaluating the stent for percutaneous coronary intervention. 132 articles were analyzed. The volume of interventions per center was described in 2 reports, and in 5 reports for operator expertise. The generation of allocation sequence was adequate in 58. 3%, treatment allocation was concealed in 34. 8%. Several harm related data were not adequately accounted for in articles and the current reprting of results of RCTs testing stents needs to be improved to allow readers to appraise the risk of biais and the applicability of results
Leboulanger, Nicolas. "Évaluation de nouvelles méthodes peu invasives d'exploration des voies aériennes supérieures de l'enfant." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00832999.
Full textBernardin, Aude. "Méthodes biocompatibles de fonctionnalisation de substrats et surfaces : évaluation par imagerie de fluorescence." Paris 11, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009PA112255.
Full textThis work describes the development of biocompatible functionalisation methods of wide interest in the field of biomedical applications. A new water-compatible coupling method between nitrones and strained-cycloalkynes is here developed, by analogy with the [3+2] cycloaddition between azides and strained-cycloalkynes described in the literature. The efficiency of the coupling is evaluated by fluorescence imaging. Two fluorescent probes bearing cyclooctyne groups are synthesized, an organic dye-based probe and a quantum dotbased probe. Contrary to Cu(I)-catalyzed click chemistry, the developped methodology enables quantum dots’ functionalization while maintaining their high fluorescence quantum yield. Glass slides have also been coated with azides or nitrones, surfaces on which can be subsequently grafted cyclooctyne-probes. Fluorescent labelling of cell membrane’s sialic acids after metabolic incorporation of modified mannosamines has also been carried out in vitro to confirm the potential interest of strained-alkyne chemistry in biological conditions
Leboulanger, Nicolas. "Évaluation de nouvelles méthodes peu invasives d’exploration des voies aériennes supérieures de l’enfant." Paris 6, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012PA066100.
Full textThe management of obstructive diseases of the pediatric upper airway (UA) is currently based on the evaluation of the obstruction during an endoscopy with general anesthesia. This procedure has a significant morbidity. The difficulty of quantifying UA obstruction and its impact with simple and accurate tools emphasizes the importance of evaluating new techniques. The objective of this work was to study new methods of exploration, minimally or non- invasive, of these obstructive diseases: the acoustic reflection method (ARM) and measurement of work of breathing. The ARM is based on the analysis of the reflection of a pressure wave in the UA. The work of breathing studies the load imposed on the respiratory muscles during breathing. We demonstrated that the MRA was applicable in children over 2 years, with a standardized technique. Measurements on children with cystic fibrosis and mucopolysaccharidosis were conducted, to assess the UA resistance and its evolution during the course of the disease. In younger children, when the ARM is possible, we demonstrated in infants with a Robin sequence having an increase in the work of breathing that noninvasive ventilation was able to reduce the load imposed on respiratory muscles and to improve the clinical course. Non- or minimally invasive techniques exploring the UA in children are promising because simple, safe, and potentially complementary to other more invasive tests. Their achievement is routinely possible in many cases
Laroche, David. "Évaluation des méthodes particulaires pour l'étude et la génération d'un sillage de gouttes." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1287.
Full textHihi, Jalil. "Évaluation de méthodes d'identification de systèmes non-linéaires en régime permanent : méthode de traitement des données par groupes, identification floue." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10013.
Full textMulton, Stéphane. "Évaluation expérimentale et théorique des effets mécaniques de l'alcali-réaction sur des structures modèles." Marne-la-Vallée, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003MARN0181.
Full textA large scale experimental program has been carried out at the Laboratoire Central des Ponts et Chaussées (LCPC), with Electricité de France (EDF) as a partner, in order to validate methodologies of mechanical reassessment of real structures damaged by Alkali-Silica Reaction (ASR) and thus answer to the needs of owners of civil engineering structures (bridges, dams, pavements). The final aim is to improve calculation tools in order to determine the evolution of ASR affected structures. Major features of this study were to point out the water driving effect and the compressive stresses consequences on swellings due to ASR. Thus, the hydro-chemo-mechanical behaviour of six instrumented laboratory structures has been monitored during a two years experimentation. Three specific devices have been designed to achieve the numerous measurements, in order to evaluate water movements in concrete and structural behaviours of the six structures : -the weighing device allows to measure the mass variations of the 900 kg beams, with a 10 g accuracy, -the gammadensitometry equipment is used to determine the relative mass variations along the height of the beams, -specific stiffness vibrating wire sensors achieve deformation measurements in the beams. Other current or improved techniques have been also used in order to complement the characterisation of the behaviour of the beams, and to quantify chemo-mechanical data related to the two concrete mixtures during two years. This laboratory experimental survey has collected numerous results to document both moisture and chemo-mechanical deformations, which builds a useful data bank in order to validate models. At last, measurements have increased knowledge useful for expert evaluation of ASR-affected structures about : -mechanical properties evolution of concrete mixture damaged by ASR, -methodology of residual expansion tests, -effects of moisture gradient in ASR-damaged structures, -consequences of late water supply on ASR progress in structures already damaged, -range and time-evolution of ASR swellings under specific stress states, due to mechanical loads, reinforcement or various environmental conditions, and, at last, the effect of this chemical reaction on the mechanical strength of damaged structures
Foing, Muriel. "Les méthodes d'étude des liposomes en cosmétologie." Paris 5, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992PA05P016.
Full textTherrien, Charles. "Établissement d'une courbe de correction des précipitations solides en fonction de l'intensité du vent et validation par l'utilisation de modèles de simulation de la couverture de neige." Thesis, Université Laval, 2005. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2005/22934/22934.pdf.
Full textCleuziou, Jean-Pierre. "L' évaluation des performances en éducation physique et sportive : apport des statistiques et de l'informatique aux problématiques et aux méthodes." Paris 11, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA112112.
Full textArchou, Tidjani Mohamed. "Activité des antiinflammatoires à usage dermatologique : évaluation par des méthodes invasives et non invasives." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA114827.
Full textMolines, Nathalie. "Méthodes et outils pour la planification des grandes infrastructures linéaires et leur évaluation environnementale." Saint-Etienne, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STET2096.
Full textIncreased conflicts related to the construction of new linear infrastructure (e. G. Transportation networks or high-tension cables) has resulted in longer and more expensive environmental impact studies. In order to reduce such conflict, the French government has changed the decision-ma king process. With this shift the notion of "the environment" has become more central, the perspectives of local stakeholders are integrated at the beginning of the projects, and environmental and regulatory laws have become more strict. These shifts, which require incorporating public participation into the decision-making process, have made conducting environmental impact studies more complex. GIS in combination with multicriteria analysis can be used to address this new decision-making context. In this thesis I will analyze the complexity of the decision-making process and will evaluate existing decision-making tools. I will then propose a set of new tools designed to evaluate the environmental impact of any given linear infrastructure project. Finally I will demonstrate the potential value of these new tools based on their application to a particular case study: the northern part of the highway project between Lyon and Narbonne (France)
Chakir, Mohammed. "Évaluation intertemporelle des actifs financiers, inflation et méthodes de comptabilisation dans un univers d'incertitude." Paris 9, 1987. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1987PA090047.
Full textIn the case of not only the inflation but also the uncertainty, we are to ask about the economic validity of the assets accounting evaluation. In answer to this object, we used a simulation which permit us to test the economic signification of a precise accounting information (the accounting rate of return). The economic reference of this simulation is founded on a general equilibrium model in concern with time, inflation and uncertainty. The results of the study shows that the inflation accounting is impertinent because it consider, implicitly, that the prices variation is the unique variable which can explain the economic evolution. The historical cost accounting can be used as a judicious system of information, under the condition that the depreciation schedules must be adjusted according to the occurrence of the states of the world. To aim this, a contingent depreciation schedule is proposed and which can be used by the firms as an exceptional depreciation schedule (amortissement derogatoire in France)
Xia, Zhenyu. "Étude phénoménologique pour des méthodes de dimensionnement d'ouvrages d'assainissement en fonction du risque de dysfonctionnement hydraulique." Lille 1, 2006. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/RESTREINT/Th_Num/2006/50376_2006_15.pdf.
Full textPons, Xavier. "L'évaluation des politiques éducatives et ses professionnels : discours et méthodes (1958-2008)." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008IEPP0044.
Full textThis thesis focuses on the evaluation of education policies in France. During four years, we interviewed actors who, officially or not, are supposed to evaluate the functioning of the education system at the national level: central inspectors, statisticians of the education ministry, OECD* experts and social researchers in education. The research is based on different materials: 98 interviews, internal documentation, professional reviews, public studies and reports, archives and making of descriptive statistics. It analyses the reception of a new regulation tool (i. E. Evaluation) by professional groups which existed before it. Since the demand of evaluation by political leaders, and more generally by the actors of the education system, is not clear, these groups have transformed this regulation tool according to their professional interests. The research shows that the institutionalisation of evaluation is unachieved and that regulation through evaluation remains uncertain. It highlights that the concrete methods of these professional groups have not changed significantly since the eighties, even if their discourse about their own practices has changed. Thus the evolution of evaluation policy in France in the education sector can be regarded as the output of the competition between different professional groups who try to impose their own science of government. * Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development
Sun, Xiao Chao. "Résolution de la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers : méthodes des coupes, méthodes de séparation et évaluation et méthodes de décomposition de programmes par matrices d'intervalles et par matrices graphiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21451.
Full textHerida, Madjid. "Méthodes d’évaluation des systèmes de surveillance en santé publique." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLS279/document.
Full textEconomic evaluations approach in the public health surveillance systems evaluationsKey word: public health surveillance system evaluation, economic evaluation, discrete choice experimentsPublic health surveillance is closely linked to action as it provides accurate and validated information to health authorities in order that these same authorities can implement appropriate prevention measures and control strategies. In a context of emerging infectious diseases and of new health threats occurring, priorities for public health surveillance need to be reviewed and adapted regularly. This need of constant adaptation is facing limited resources and an increasing social demand of health security and protection against all health risks. Assessing the usefulness and the technical performance of surveillance systems are the main objectives of public health surveillance system evaluations and this has been recognized for many years through international guidelines. The efficiency of a surveillance system is a more recent question and takes a particular dimension in the context of budgetary constraints that all national agencies are facing.This work aimed to underline the interest and the added value of an external and formal evaluation process of surveillance systems in a national public health agency. Based on a generic evaluation protocol drawn up in accordance with international recommendations, this evaluation process has improved the surveillance strategy of the institution and has brought new questions up about the estimations of benefits of surveillance systems and their impact in the surveillances prioritizing process. A systematic literature review has drawn a clear picture of the state of the art and the knowledges in the field of public health surveillance system benefits estimation and evaluation this systematic review indicates that, to date, very few economic evaluations of public health surveillance systems have been performed worldwide. It also shows that the benefits of surveillance are mainly assessed by the costs of the number of cases or deaths prevented by the response and control measures. This approach has certain limits. It cannot be applied when the primary objective of the surveillance activities is not linked to immediate response. It does not take into account the existence value of a Public health surveillance system. In order to take the dimensions of a public health surveillance system, we have conducted a pilot study using discrete choice experiments applied to different emerging infectious diseases surveillance systems. This study, novel in the field of public health surveillance, was performed among a convenient sample and shows the importance of certain criteria such as the prevalence and the case fatality ratio. For the first time, marginal willingness to pay for these criteria have been estimated and these results give some insights into the question of the benefits, a public health surveillance system can bring.Economic evaluations of public health surveillance system remain an area where little has been carried out to date. Updating international recommendations for public health surveillance systems would be useful and should include an economic approach. The potential interest of the discrete choice experiments for valuing benefits of a public health system used in this pilot study need to be confirmed in a larger scale
Youcef, Samir. "Méthodes et outils d'évaluation de performances des services web." Paris 9, 2009. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=2009PA090031.
Full textService Oriented Architecture (SOA) has certainly provided answers for many problems that previous technologies, like RMI and CORBA, could not offer. They mainly provide methodological answers to ensure interoperability and low coupling between heterogeneous information systems (IS). However, Web services create problems of various kinds such as adaptation to change the dynamic behavior of a service provider and quality of service (QoS) delivered. It is therefore essential to develop methods and tools to monitor and analyze the QoS delivered by the services. This PH. D. Thesis stands justly for the context of developing methods and tools for Web services performance evaluation. For this goal, we have approached the subject from three aspects, namely, the exact computation, the bounds computation for the average response time of Web services and taken into account the quality of service in the discovery and the selection of Web services. For the first aspect, we have proposed analytical formulas for the exact computation and analysis of average response time of the various of standard BPEL constructors. For the second aspect, we proposed upper bounds for the response time of a composite Web service. The analysis in this section is that of continous Markov chain (DTMC) and the technique used is the processes coupling. For the third aspect, we have proposed an extension of the conventional Web services architecture in ordre to take into account the QoS in their discovery and selection
Vieille, Jean-Noël. "Méthodes d'analyse stratégique et financière des groupes : l'évaluation des cent premiers groupes européens (1986-1992)." Montpellier 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994MON10021.
Full textThis research aims at providing a contribution to the various methodologies used in assessing the performance of business firms. We have elected to use a financial analysis framework based firstly ypon cas-flows. We next present a strategic analysis that allows us to design a model for the relative positioning of firms within their sector. Lastly, sectorial analysis mainly based upon the principles of industrial economics will provide the tools required for the creation of sectors breakdowns. Our research is therefore a multifield one. It will be concretly applied to the top 100 european business groups whose strategies and financial performance are analysed for 1986-1992. The management science research will thus be enriched with a new quantitative ans qualitative application. The latter completes the research literature in finance which deals today almost exclusively with financial markets
Sorin, Edouard. "Fissuration en modes mixtes dans le bois : diagnostic et évaluation des méthodes de renforcement local." Thesis, Bordeaux, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018BORD0264/document.
Full textThe purpose of reinforcing assemblies and structural elements inwood is to overcome the resistance limits of the material, by transferring greaterefforts in areas which can lead to premature cracking in structures. The reinforcementsused can be made of steel, composite materials or wood. Their hook can bemechanical (screwed bodies) or by adhesion (structural bonding like glued-in rodsfor example). In both cases, the transfer of solicitations remains poorly known, andthe effect of the beginning and the deflection of crack are not well apprehended. Inengineering techniques, the wood resistance in the reinforced area is neglected, whichis in line with the precautionary principle. Currently, the scientific investigations areinterested in the resistance of those kind of techniques without considering the interactionsbetween the quasi-brittle behavior of the wood and the reinforcementswhich govern the gain in mechanical performance. However, these solutions can leadto a failure caused by the progressive splitting of the wood and the anchor loss ofthe reinforcement. So it seems accurate to propose predictions of the short-termstrength for splitting of reinforced and unreinforced beams, which can be used tofurther exploration of the long-term failure mechanism. That is why, in this study, aglobal prediction model of the ultimate strength of structural components subjectedto splitting, reinforced and unreinforced ones, was developed. It considers the quasibrittlebehavior of the wood and crack propagation in mixed mode, using a mixinglaw established on the R-curves. The relevance of this modeling was then comparedto the current dimensioning methods of the Eurocodes 5, for notched beams, withexperimental campaigns conducted at different scales
Mata, Esther. "Évaluation des méthodes de diagnostic biologique et caractérisation physicochimique des ige spécifiques en allergo-anesthésie." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN19427.
Full textLarrouturou, Sylvie. "Activité in vitro de substances antirétrovirales contre le virus visna-maedi : évaluation de plusieurs méthodes." Limoges, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993LIMO302B.
Full textNorre, Sylvie. "Problèmes de placement de taches sur des architectures multiprocesseurs : méthodes stochastiques et évaluation des performances." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21511.
Full textCoupe, Mickaël. "Dysfonctions macro et micro-vasculaires induites par l'inactivité physique : évaluation de méthodes prophylactiques chez l'homme." Laboratoire de biologie neurovasculaire et mitochondriale intégrée (Angers), 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ANGE0058.
Full textPhysical inactivity has deleterious effects on macro and microcirculation and are independent cardiovascular risk factor. Space environment and its' ground simulation are models of enhanced physical inactivity that induce macrovascular and microvascular impairments. International space community develops the means to prevent and/or counteract these impairments. Countermeasures may be either physical, reproducing gravity or its effects, or nutritional and pharmacological. The goal of our first experiment was to assess the effects of two countermeasures tested during a non strict 60-day head down bed rest. Daily intake of Chinese herbal medicine appeared beneficial for microcirculatory functions but did not efficiently prevent macrovascular dysfunctions and orthostatic intolerance. Resistive exercice combined With whole body vibrations had a beneficial effect on autonomic nervous system but did not prevent orthostatic intolerance. The goal of our second experiment was to study the recovery of cardiovascular system after a non strict 5-day dry immersion. 24 hours after the end of dry immersion, cardiovascular integrity was restored. Chinese herbs and resistive exercice With whole body vibrations partly prevent the functions we studied. Both of them are very promising systems to counteract cardiovascular impairments induced by long term head down bed rest. Globally, it is important to test the specific effects of countermeasures on vascular functions and in particular on endothelial and microcirculatory functions
Boleda, Mario. "Démographie historique des Andes : évaluation de certaines méthodes d'estimation du régime démographique à l'époque moderne." Lyon 2, 2003. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2003/boleda_m.
Full textDemographic dynamics estimations on historical population are frequently done by methods designed to be applied when data are lacking or incomplete. In this thesis, it is proposed an empirical test for several of these methods: the stable and quasi-stable models, that were elaborated by Coale & Demeny (1966) and the inverse projection designed by R. Lee as it is included in the POPULATE solution, a software produced by Robert McCaa and H Pérez Brignoli. Methods appeared to be seriously biaised. Differences between direct mesures and estimates coming from the tested methods were much larger than expected. Researchers are going to be using these techniques in the next future, waiting for a new and better procedure. Researchers can now apply the correction factors that we obtained from our experimental study based on the Quebec population
Zennou, Sarah. "Méthodes d'ordre partiel pour la vérification de systèmes concurrents et temps réel." Aix-Marseille 1, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004AIX11062.
Full textBen, Mamoun Mouad. "Encadrements stochastiques et évaluation de performances des réseaux." Versailles-St Quentin en Yvelines, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002VERS0012.
Full textOusten, Yves. "Microélectronique hybride couches épaisses : conception, hybridation et évaluation de capteurs : évaluation de la technologie par des méthodes d'analyses physiques et physico-chimiques non destructives." Bordeaux 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR10544.
Full textLonger, Eric. "Méthodes d'étude de l'activité antiseptique sur la flore cutanée : étude comparative de différentes techniques de prélèvements." Paris 5, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988PA05P274.
Full textDouali, Nassim. "Conception et évaluation des méthodes et des systèmes d'aide a la décision pour une médecine personnalisée." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066083.
Full textSeveral studies have tried to find ways to reduce medical and adverse drug errors:The evidence-based medicine, personalized medicine and clinical decision support systems. Many recommandations are developped periodically to improve a best practices. These recommendations are considered effective tools to bridge between medical practitioners and practice of scientific evidence. The use of the Clinical Practice Guidelines has a limited impact on clinical practice. Several studies showed that the computerization of these guides by integrating them into the clinical workflow improves adherence of physicians to these recommendations.One of the aims of improving care and reducing adverse effects of patients is personalizing care. This customization requires the use of all the information (clinical, biological, genetic, radiological, social..) to characterize the profile of the patient.We have developed a method of hybrid reasoning "Case Based Fuzzy CognitiveMaps" able to use knowledge and heterogeneous data. The implementation of themethod was made with semantic web technologies. We have developed an open source environment for modeling and formalization of medical knowledge.We validated the method with several studies in the field of urinary tract infections,but also in other areas (respiratory, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, gestational diabetes..). The integration of genetic, clinical and laboratory data have allowed us to improve the prediction of certain diseases (NASH)
Haitami, Mehdi. "Évaluation de performance de méthodes client-serveur et agent mobile de résolution d'interactions de services téléphoniques." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2005. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1284.
Full textPierru, Axel. "Unicité des méthodes de calcul de valeurs actuelles nettes de projets d'investissement." Paris 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA010022.
Full textMallet, Frédéric. "Modélisation et évaluation de performances d'architectures matérielles numériques." Nice, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000NICE5481.
Full textLeclercq, Gilles. "Formation de base en économie : Conception, réalisation, expérimentation et évaluation d'un outil collectif de formation : Ethique, ingeniérie et pédagogie : Peut-on enseigner l'économie?" Lille 1, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL12008.
Full textRendon-Pimentel, Luis. "L'irrigation à la planche : développement et évaluation d'un nouveau modèle hydrologique pour simuler et prédire l'avancement du front couplé à l'infiltration." Grenoble 1, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987GRE10079.
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