Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Méthodes graphiques'
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Neau, Nadège. "Argograph : un support au débat scientifique dans le cadre de travaux pratiques pour l'apprentissage des sciences expérimentales." Le Mans, 2003. http://cyberdoc.univ-lemans.fr/theses/2003/2003LEMA1007.pdf.
Full textThis thesis concems learning supported by computer domain. We purpose a software, ArgoGraph, supporting argumentation for students reflexion in Physics. This work is pluridisciplinary and user centered. We executed a first study in order to understand needs and to define specifications of our tool. Theoretical foundations are leaming, argumentation, and external representation theories. We choose to use a graphical representation, both conceptual and argumentative graph. This representation permits users to manipulate information elements and communication ones in order to help to resolve a scientific problem. We present principals results of an experimentation of ArgoGraph in real situation of leaming
Jeria, Caceres Maria. "Représentations simultanées en analyse de données structurées : étude de diverses solutions." Paris, EHESS, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994EHES0059.
Full textThis dissertation deals with methods of structured data analysis in social sciences. It examines in detail non-symmetric binary square and ternary cubic tables in order to review the different representations of lines and collumns profiles in a same space. In those analyses a proeminent place is given to the french methods of data analysis. A comparison is made with mds, used by anglo-saxons in similar cases. We also compare the log-linear and linear models on a sociological set of secondary data. All those comparisons are based on a same single posterior method of interpretation. Both french and anglo-saxon methods produce geometric representations in a a euclidean framework whose interpretation is made in terms of distances along the line of research developed by the group mathematics and psychology around the language for interrogating data. Thus a request of this language generates a detailed visual exploration of the data in parallel with calculations of contributions and importances of effects (analysis of variance is here used as a post-factorial method). This strategy is used here not only for data exploration but also as a tool for comparing methods
Pichard, Cyril. "Méthodes et outils pour la composition d'images numériques haute définition." Université de Marne-la-Vallée, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005MARN0276.
Full textLagesse, Claire. "Lire les lignes de la ville : méthodologie de caractérisation des graphes spatiaux." Sorbonne Paris Cité, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015USPCC162.
Full textCities arise from a large set of interactions and components. Amid this diversity, we chose an object which orchestrates the development and use of an urban area : the road network. From its representation with a graph we can build a geographical object called the way, which is multi-scale, making its analysis robust against zoning. We evaluate several indicators, and identify those that give the most relevant and non-redundant information. The way, appears to have unique spatial properties, revealing parallels between global and local analyses. With this methodology, we demonstrate how different road graphs, from various places in the world, show similar properties, and how some of those properties are also present in other networks (biological, hydrographical, etc). After considering the static properties of networks, we analyze how global characterization evolves through time. We define a model of temporal differentiation, where the change in accessibility of each object is highlighted. It is thus possible to have a first estimation of the growth kinematic of the road networks studied. This work culminates with the integration of the way and its associated indicators into a qualitative approach. We show how such analysis, based on the topological and topographical properties of their road networks, allows us to trace back some aspects of the historical and geographical contexts of city formation. Multidisciplinary discussions are synthesized to reveal research applications and future work
Tagina, Moncef. "Application de la modélisation bond graph à la surveillance des systèmes complexes." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10139.
Full textMannoni, Laurent. "L'enregistrement du mouvement au XIXe siècle : les méthodes graphique et chronophotographique." Paris 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003PA030079.
Full textThe graphic method consists of recording, by means of a stylus which traces a curve on a revolving cylinder covered with a sheet of paper coated with lamp-black, or on any other suitable surface, the variations of volume, length, pressure or speed of an organ or an object in movement. Instruments for the graphic method were introduced into France from Germany by the physiologist Etienne-Jules Marey, who went on to develop them to a very high degree of sophistication. Marey also conceived and originated chronophotography. In Marey's system of chronophotography, the movements of an organ or an object are no longer inscribed by a stylus attached to a geared lever but by the intermediary of light - that famous " pencil of nature ", in the words of William Henry Fox Talbot. The difference between the graphic and chronophotographic methods essentially lies in the " pencils " which serve to inscribe the movement : one is solid, the other luminous. In the nineteenth century, the graphic and chronophotographic methods made possible the knowledge, evaluation and thus, often, the mastery of innumerable phenomena relating to medicine, physiology, natural sciences, different branches of physics and the arts. The graphic and chronophotograpic methods, not without having suffered some " distortions " (Taylorism, eugenics), have a place in the origin of modern art in its abstract forms and have played a not negligible role in academic art ; they are at the base of modern methods of study of the physiology of movement ; finally, they contributed significantly to the realisation of cinematographic techniques, both silent and sound
Roy, Valérie. "Autograph : un outil de visualisation pour les calculs de processus." Nice, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990NICE4381.
Full textVangheluwe, Marc. "Revêtements métalliques à base de poudres sur acier à bas carbone : application à des dépôts de zinc, d'aluminium et d'alliages zinc-aluminium." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10071.
Full textLacasta, Zabalza Eduardo. "Les graphiques cartésiens de fonctions dans l'enseignement secondaire des mathématiques : illusions et contrôles." Bordeaux 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995BOR10612.
Full textPhan, Ho Anh Thu. "Théorie de l’information et méthodes statistiques pour l’analyse des systèmes d’authentification utilisant des codes graphiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014LIL10152/document.
Full textThe problem of authentication is investigated from an information theoretic security point of view. An authentication model is analyzed using two settings, namely non-channel coding and channel coding based authentication. In the former, a reliable performance measurements of an authentication system relying on a Neyman–Pearson test is provided. Specifically, an asymptotic expression using Sanov's theorem is first proposed to compute the probabilities of false alarm and non-detection, then a practical method based on Monte-Carlo using importance sampling is given to estimate these small probabilities. Thanks to these accurate computation of probabilities, we show that it is possible to optimize the authentication performance when the model of the print and scan channel is known. In the latter, we study the setup where the authentication message is coded by the deterministic channel codes. We show that using channel coding is possible to enhance the authentication performance. Precisely, it is possible to find codes making the two error probabilities simultaneously arbitrarily small. Such codes have rates between the capacity of main channel and that of the opponent channel. It should be noted that the legitimate receiver does not know whether the observed message comes from the legitimate or from the opponent. Therefore it is the objective of the legitimate receiver to use a decoding rule matching with the distribution law of the main channel but mismatching with the opponent channel. Finally, a practical scheme Turbo codes is proposed. The analysis of the EXIT chart is discussed to choose channel parameters so that the authentication performance is optimized
Parisot, Sarah. "Compréhension, modélisation et détection de tumeurs cérébrales : modèles graphiques et méthodes de recalage/segmentation simultanés." Phd thesis, Ecole Centrale Paris, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00944541.
Full textChen, Keyu. "Common energetic macroscopic representation and unified control structure for different hybrid electric vehicles." Thesis, Lille 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010LIL10020/document.
Full textThe transportation domain, one of the largest energy sectors, is currently facing huge challenges, including energy security, climate change and pollution problems. To meet these challenges, Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) have become an interesting option. One of the key issues related to HEV development is the control design of such complex systems, which are composed of multiple sources and subsystems. Using Energetic Macroscopic Representation (EMR), an energy based graphical description, the inversion-based control structure of the system can be deduced directly. The objective of this thesis is to establish a common EMR which can describe different HEVs. From this common EMR, a unified control scheme is deduced, which can be used for the study of series, parallel, and series-parallel HEVs, by simply setting different parameter values. The common EMR offers a better understanding of the main power flows of different HEVs. Using this top-down approach, the modeling and control design of different HEVs have been achieved in a general way, despite the fact that HEVs can be very different from each other in terms of structure. The time required for control design can be significantly reduced. Furthermore, given the same control structure, different HEVs could be easily compared. Experimental results have been validated the control scheme commune using a Hardware-in-the-loop simulation for a series HEV in a real-time environment. Based on this work, more efficient energy managements of HEVs could be achieved and compared, and thus to reduce HEV manufacturing costs, fuel consumption and CO2 emissions
Betta, Mohammed. "Les données évolutives et le décalage : l'analyse statique et l'analyse dynamique." Rennes 2, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995REN20010.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to analyse three index data tables. We are especially interested in the analysis of these data in the case where the third index indicates time. In the first part of this study, we present some of methods used for anlysing three way data. One chapter will be given over to all those that incorporate contiguity structure in their approach. In the second part, we develop a new method of evolutive data analysis under a temporal contiguity constraint. This method is elaborated in two indepedent and complementary steps. First, we introduce the notion of an interval matrix on the left or the right which is used to define a group of similarity indices on individual tables. This is known as static analysis in the second stage, we suggest a new critiria which allows us to determine the subspace where trajectories are represented. This critiria is also defined taking the order structure of time into considerations. We call this dynamic analysis. This thesis concludes by anamysing two examples of evolutive data using two methods, the one we developed and the statis method. A comparison of the obtained results using the two methods is given
Sid, Belkacem. "Optimisation topologique de structures par algorithmes génétiques." Besançon, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006BESA2033.
Full textThe interest of topological optimization is explained by its capacity to offer innovating solutions allowing a notable profit of performance. During the last decade, considerable efforts in fundamental research were devoted to the development of new methods, reliable and efficient, for the structural topology optimization. This thesis contributes in this field by using genetic algorithms. Two methods were developed. The first proposes a genetic algorithm approach based on a graphical representation by Bézier curves. The principle consists in building the structure by a skeleton and a flesh. The skeleton is composed by the set of the Bézier cubic curves connecting the boundary conditions surfaces. The flesh, in form of layers, completes the skeleton to give the final form of the structure, completely connected. The second approach is based on a representation by adjacency. The principle of this representation is founded on the concept of connectivity of finite elements, considered as cells. This principle is expressed by an adjacency matrix similar to that used in the graph theory. The encoding of the structure solutions uses this matrix by transforming it into a binary string. The two proposed methods are implemented inside Matlab programming environment. They are by numerical applications on simple twodimensionnal linear elasticity benchmarks
Carbonnel, Sabine. "Intégration et modélisation de connaissances linguistiques pour la reconnaissance d'écriture manuscrite en-ligne." Rennes, INSA, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005ISAR0022.
Full textHandwriting recognition is a difficult problem which cannot be reduced to graphic shapes recognition: it is important to integrate linguistic knowledge to guide the recognition. The objectives of our work are to integrate lexical knowledge to improve a recognition system of on-line handwritten words, taking into account constraints of computing time and memory requirement with the intention of integrate the system on devices with limited capacities. We propose a lexical processing based on a language model of characters n-grams, a modeling to reduce the research space in a lexicon as well as an automatic modeling of an edit distance specific to handwriting. These modelings improve the recognition system on which our work is based, limit the duration of the lexical processing and moreover are easily adaptable to the system evolutions and the context of use
Paquet, Valérie. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'un système de programmation graphique de robot : étude d'un modeleur tridimensionnel." Aix-Marseille 3, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX30078.
Full textCalenge, Clément. "Des outils statistiques pour l'analyse des semis de points dans l'espace écologique." Lyon 1, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005LYO10264.
Full textMatalliotaki, Eirini. "Les pratiques graphiques à l'école maternelle dans un contexte de résolution de problèmes." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05H107.
Full textThe reported research focuses on the functions of graphical representations in a context of problem solving by young children (5 to 6,6 yrs old). A study based on 23 mathematical exercises utilising drawings, taken from books for chiidren ofupper kindergarten-age, shows that the inferential function of drawjngs was very littie exploited, contrary to the referential one. Two studies have been carried out with 55 children of medium and upper kindergartenage; One that evaluates the children’s capacity to utilise quantitative notations after being requested to make a calculation (Dénoréco), and another that examines the inference of quantities by the use of quotitive division when initial quantity information is presented verbally and subsequently graphically. The results show that a great part of the chiidren were capable ofutilising efficiently the external graphical representations provided to them, When the exercises were represented graphically, the chiidren were able to demonstrate resolution techniques with gestures, contrary to the verbal representation case, where very few resolution strategies could be clarified. This thesis on its whole provides arguments supporting the early use of external graphical representation within the school-learning frame
Sun, Xiao Chao. "Résolution de la programmation linéaire en nombres entiers : méthodes des coupes, méthodes de séparation et évaluation et méthodes de décomposition de programmes par matrices d'intervalles et par matrices graphiques." Clermont-Ferrand 2, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993CLF21451.
Full textTabart, Gilles. "Méthodes et outils pour l'aide à la conception et à la vérification du rendu graphique des systèmes interactifs." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/1258/.
Full textGraphical representations are used in numerous field of activity as a way to convey information from an interactive system to its users. In some of these fields, the representation quality is vital: indeed, if users (like pilots or air-traffic controllers) have a bad perception of information, the consequences can be tragic. Graphical design and specification of such representations are complex because of the great amount and the diversity of graphical parameters to handle, because of the perceptual interactions between these parameters, and because of the need to manage multidisciplinary knowledge. We claim that these difficulties come also from a lack of tools and methods, which could enable a precise specification of graphical needs. The first part of our work deals with three experimental studies aimed at understanding in a deeper way the perceptive problems linked to the graphical rendering of interactive systems. Then, we expose an analysis of how the graphical designers confront critical interfaces design. Based on these analyses, we propose an approach responding to the specific designer's needs for their activity of designing and verifying the graphical rendering. This approach enables an easier visual exploration of solutions and an easier connection between functional and visual hierarchies. This is a user centered design and iterative approach that aims to follow a system during all its lifetime. Finally, we propose interactive tools that support this approach and we illustrate them with case studies
Lee, Kwang Hyung. "Analyse et modélisation des systèmes de production par les réseaux de Petri." Lyon, INSA, 1985. http://www.theses.fr/1985ISAL0003.
Full textIn the f ace of the increased complexity of production systems, computer may allow managers an easy problem solving in production control. This trend of computerization has brought about a necessity of perfect understanding of such systems. The need of a tool or method for analysis of complex systems has been emphasized. In this thesis, Petri nets are chosen as a method of analysis and conceptualisation of automated production systems, and as a common language among computer scientists and production managers. The aptitude of Petri nets for modelling and analysis of production systems is studied and compared with other principal graphic models. The comparative study shows that the Petri nets has the best modelling and analysing power for the production systems. It is also pointed out that the space of reachable states of a Petri net is large in general and often it gives difficulties in analysing a complex net. A new method of hierarchical reduction on petri net is proposed et analyse a complex net. The prosed method conserves the properties of petri net such as liveness, boundedness and proper termination. This method allows to decompose hierarchically a net ant to analyse it by its reduced net and its sub-nets. This procedure od reduction has been automated. As an application, a flexible manufacturing system was modelled by petri and this net has been reduced by this automated process in facilitating its analysis
Rimaux, Stéphane. "Étude des propriétés structurelles de certaines classes de systèmes physiques non linéaires modélisés par bond graph." Lille 1, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995LIL10141.
Full textVerzelen, Nicolas. "Modèles graphiques gaussiens et sélection de modèles." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00352802.
Full textEn utilisant le lien entre modèles graphiques et régression linéaire à plan d'expérience gaussien, nous développons une approche basée sur des techniques de sélection de modèles. Les procédures ainsi introduites sont analysés d'un point de vue non-asymptotique. Nous prouvons notamment des inégalités oracles et des propriétés d'adaptation au sens minimax valables en grande dimension. Les performances pratiques des méthodes statistiques sont illustrées sur des données simulées ainsi que sur des données réelles.
Lefebvre, Muriel. "Images,écritures et espace de médiation : Etude anthropologique des pratiques graphiques dans une communauté de mathématiciens." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001STR13192.
Full textService, N'Gattaï. "Représentations graphiques : éléments de modélisation, aide à la conceptualisation, instruments de médiation." Grenoble 2, 2008. http://www.theses.fr/2008GRE29012.
Full textInspired by the question "How may graphical representations serve as instruments of mediation?", we aim at a better understanding of these signifiers in the process of modelling and conceptualization. To do this, we studied the writings of Bertin (1977), Duval (1995) and Vygotski (1934/1997), as well as Vergnaud (1985, 1990). We completed this theoretical investigation by the empirical results of Baillé and Maury (1993). The methodology is based on four instruments: interviews, a questionnaire, an analysis of textbooks and a didactic experiment. This last approach concerned 169 pupils of the French "Seconde" (tenth grade, fifteen years old) of two secondary schools for technical education, and two secondary schools for general education. It confronted the pupils with the reading and the construction of bar graphs, sector-graphs and line-graphs. It revealed different performances for both types of education and an impact of the type of graphic on these performances. Three types of procedures (canonical, non canonical and mixed) were isolated in the productions of the pupils. We also noted a high frequency of canonical procedures in the construction of the linear graphs. In addition, we revealed pupil's conceptions which brought up the question of the processing of graphs in teaching, inviting us to rethink their role in schools
Bouanane, Mohamed. "Modélisation d'un outil graphique d'aide à la compréhension de résolution de programmes logiques." Thesis, Université Laval, 2014. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2014/30628/30628.pdf.
Full textSedqui, Abdelfettah. "Nouvelle approche pour la classification des gammes de production." Lyon, INSA, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995ISAL0070.
Full text[Resorting to Group Technology (GT) which is based on the exploitation of product similarities is always topical. Using this technique, we treat two essential problems that belong to the sequence classification. The first meeted is the analyse of assembly logic sequences of product. It is a question to select an alternative sequences verifying criteria in order to reach economic or technique objectives fixed by the firm. The second problem is the classification into families of manufacturing sequences that have similar manufacturing process for FMS (Flexible Manufacturing System) design. So, we propose an original method to solve the first problem. This method, based on hypergraphs generated by tree structure , permit : - the representation of binary sequences by describing the product assembling steps, highlight the parallel character and / or sequential logic of the assembly process , - the analyse of all sequences by calculation of distance between all admissible sequences. This method is used in dynamic control of assembling sequences. To solve the second problem, we propose a new approach based on language theory for sequences classification with keeping the prior approaches based on hierarchic classification : - we treat fundamental case of linear sequences. We propose distance between sequences that verify criteria described in the prior works. - after, we treat the case of arborescent sequences. We propose an algorithm for distance calculation between trees generally and binary trees in particular. This work permit to generalize the works that treat only linear sequences and permit to exploit the task parallelism in assembly sequence. - we solve too the data representation problem when an operation is repeating himself any times into a sequence. ]
Sayah, Marguerite. "Un environnement d'interrogation graphique de bases de données orientées objet (EIGOO) pour des utilisateurs non informaticiens." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0046.
Full textOur work concerns the interrogation of abject oriented databases by non computer specialists. The problem they face relates mainly to the complexity of the database schema and to the difficulty of the textual query languages. . In this context, we propose a graphical query environment (EIGOO) that uses the v1ew technique to reduce the schema complexity and offers a graphical query language to consult databases through the defined views. . The view definition module of our environment proposes a graph1cal language and addresses users that are experts in the application domain. The views are defined for groups’ end users. They are adapted to their working context, to their application needs and to the1r access rights. The second main module concerns the database interrogation through v1ews and addresses non computer specialists’ users. It offers a query language and guarantees the conversion of graphical queries into Object Query Language (OQL) in order to execute them under any ODMG compliant DBMS. The graphical query language supports projection, selection, implicit join, explicit join, grouping and sorting operations. It also allows the specification of quantifiers and the elaboration of reflexive queries. The schema of the view is graphically visualized. The queries are directly formulated on the graph and are divided in two categories: the implicit join queries and the explicit join queries. Constructed queries can. Be saved and reused in order to create new queries. Concerning the conversion of graphical queries, a method is proposed for each category of queries
Barsoum, Baher Albert. "Classification automatique par amincicement de l'histogramme multidimensionnel." Lille 1, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994LIL10195.
Full textChomdej, Pawarej. "Élaboration d'un modèle thermodynamique robuste de turboréacteur." Toulouse, ENSAE, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006ESAE0009.
Full textNadot, Suzon. "Représentations graphiques et études de fonctions : les problèmes didactiques et cognitifs du changement de repère, une approche par la programmation informatique d'un traceur de courbes." Paris 5, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA05H015.
Full textWhen the 15-16 year old high school students learn functions, they also learn graphs. What is the importance and the use of graphic significant in this conceptualization? Various researches on graphic are shown in the introductory part. Graphs are an essential mean of scientific communication. The first part shows the important of the graphic in the teaching of functions, and its different uses. That’s what the schools manuals have been analyzed; then the students abilities have been checked up; finally an imagiciel used in a class room has been looked at. After which, a graphic activities typology is shown. The second part shows the conceptual difficulties of the change of coordinate system. These results are obtained from a study of a didactic situation. In this case, the computer is right in the center. The running of the graphic computer creates a relevant situation to change the coordinate system; in addition, its permits an empirical approach. One also can see the complexity of didactic phenomena. The distance is measured between the teaching project and the students knowledge sonctruction
Ruissy, Thierry. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'un générateur d'interfaces graphiques pour des systèmes de supervision." Aix-Marseille 3, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990AIX30067.
Full textPérez, Frédéric. "Travail de l'archai͏̈que et processus graphiques : le fractal comme moyen d'émergence du chaos dans un "groupe psychotique" : son repérage dans les processus graphiques : ou un outil méthodologique pour une survie psychique." Lyon 2, 2004. http://theses.univ-lyon2.fr/documents/lyon2/2004/perez_f.
Full textIn a therapeutic approach with defective persons (autistics, psychotics) there is a risk for the therapeutist to loose his marks when his work on bonds is attacked. Only few thought and theorized studies are available. To fill up with this lack, this study will initially reconsider various metapsychological notions about archaic and deficit. In this research, graphic lines are considered as much as an investigation object as a methodological tool. Thus, all the tools choosen (group, graphic lines) will be studied from their base, and from their psychic and physical points of intersection. The assumption suggested here will aim at deepening thoughtfully our methodological tools, to enquire their effectiveness in the paintings / drawings device we will submit to an archaic group. The graphic lines notion will be studied as the smallest common factors in the intra and inter subjective organisation. Graphic lines, as well as physical lines, are created from a group environment. All the data are not part of the euclidien physical environment. On a methodological point of view, there will be two studies : a longitudinal study of the link between graphism and intersubjectivity (for all our clinical cases) and a work based on the analysis of paintings dealing also with archaic questions and the analysis of the bases of dreams. We will define notions of archaic group, primary intersubjectivity, inertia-carrier and figuration-carrier. Lastly, we will enquire about the therapeutic approach using notions such as psychic attractors in a fractalisationʺ process
Gonzalez, Ignacio. "Analyse canonique régularisée pour des données fortement multidimensionnelles." Toulouse 3, 2007. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/99/.
Full textMotivated by the study of relationships between gene expressions and other biological variables, our work consists in presenting and developing a methodology answering this problem. Among the statistical methods treating this subject, Canonical Analysis (CA) seemed well adapted, but the high dimension is at present one of the major obstacles for the statistical techniques of analysis data coming from microarrays. Typically the axis of this work was the research of solutions taking into account this crucial aspect in the implementation of the CA. Among the approaches considered to handle this problem, we were interested in the methods of regularization. The method developed here, called Regularised Canonical Analysis (RCA), is based on the principle of ridge regularization initially introduced in multiple linear regression. RCA needing the choice of two parameters of regulation for its implementation, we proposed the method of M-fold cross-validation to handle this problem. We presented in detail RCA applications to high multidimensional data coming from genomic studies as well as to data coming from other domains. Among other we were interested in a visualization of the data in order to facilitate the interpretation of the results. For that purpose, we proposed some graphical methods: representations of variables (correlations graphs), representations of individuals as well as alternative representations as networks and heatmaps. .
Clément, Alexandre. "Langages graphiques pour le contrôle quantique et l'optique linéaire." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023LORR0093.
Full textIn the models of quantum computing usually considered, some quantum data is manipulated by means of operations which are controlled in an essentially classical way. Controlling these operations in a quantum way is actually possible, but has been much less studied. In particular, quantum control misses a formalism in which one could represent it in a simple way in order to efficiently reason on processes involving it. The first contribution of this thesis is to lay the foundations of a formal framework dedicated to quantum control, in the form of a graphical language. Our main result about this language is the introduction of a complete equational theory, that is, a set of equations that makes it possible, by successive local rewriting, to transform a given diagram into any other diagram representing the same program or physical process. A second contribution is to apply this formalism, on the one hand, to the problem of resource optimisation of processes involving quantum control, and on the other hand, to the characterisation of the observational equivalence of quantum communication channels. A third contribution of this thesis is to introduce a language for linear optical circuits. We equip this language with a complete equational theory, together with a simple normal form, reachable via a strongly normalising and confluent rewriting system. The last contribution of this thesis, maybe the most significant one, is to introduce a complete equational theory for the language of quantum circuits. We obtain this result by exploiting a correspondence between quantum circuits and optical circuits, which allows us to transfer the equational theory already obtained for optical circuits
Rugamba, Francis. "Conversion de séquences de jeu en diagrammes états-transitions." Thesis, Université Laval, 2012. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2012/29304/29304.pdf.
Full textNowadays, developing game characters has become a difficult task because of the increasing complexity of actual video games. To reduce the complexity of developing those characters, some approaches exist and consist of using artificial intelligence techniques. In this project, we propose using state machines to activate a video game character. We learn the means to build state machines and more specifically how to structure them from game sequences. The performance of those state machines is evaluated and we analyze the possibility of improving the results. In our experimentations, we use the pursuit game called Pacman. Pacman constitute an ideal testbed because it others a dynamic and sequential environment and it calls for real time decision making. In this work we are trying to accomplish the following tasks : Acquire game sequences through usage of learning from demonstration. Structure the state machines from game sequences. Analyze the possibility of improving the performances of the state machines by using case-based reasoning techniques and elements of information theory.
Verdier, Matthieu. "Contribution à l'étude de la génération de trajectoires pour les systèmes dynamiques non linéaires sous contraintes : application aux robots manipulateurs." Paris 11, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990PA112353.
Full textAlvernhe, Eric. "Distance au minimum local pour le problème de la stéréovision." Montpellier 2, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006MON20216.
Full textSalim, Abdelkader. "Ecoulements diphasiques liquide-gaz et liquide-liquide dans les microcanaux : Apport de l'analyse d'image." Nancy 1, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006NAN10006.
Full textThis study is divided in two parts: the first one presents a new technique to quantify contact angle and then the wettability. This technique uses a confocal laser scanning microscope (CSLM) and allows to record series of 2-D images of a fluorescent liquid droplets set on various solids surfaces. The building of 3-D images is done with the summation of several images acquired with a regular step along the CSLM z-axis. The results obtained are similar to those obtained with a conventional goniometric technique for different air-liquid-solid systems. The CSLM images shows that drops are characterized by complex morphologies and that the local contact angles can be modified by chemical heterogeneities in the fluids. The second part is mainly an experimental study which deals with liquid-gas and liquid-liquid flows in horizontal microchannels. For each system, the pressures drops are measured and the flow regime maps are realised and compared with those presented in the literature. In the case of liquid-gas flows, the fluid properties have a great impact on the pressure drops and flow patterns. For liquid-liquid flows, two types of experiments are studied: microchannels initially saturated with oil and microchannels initially saturated with water. In the range of the Reynolds numbers considered, a difference in the pressure drops and the flow patterns are observed. The experimental results are interpreted with the homogeneous model and the Lockhart-Martinelli approach
Guillemot, Vincent. "Application de méthodes de classification supervisée et intégration de données hétérogènes pour des données transcriptomiques à haut-débit." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00481822.
Full textCarette, Titouan. "Manier le ZX-calcul : flexsymétrie, systèmes ouverts et limandes." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0200.
Full textThis thesis is about the application of graphical languages to quantum computing. By graphical language, we mean the use of diagrams, similar to circuits, representing the evolution of quantum systems. The thesis introduces those languages in the formalism of category theory and focuses mainly on one language: the ZX-calculus, and its close relatives, the ZW-calculus and ZH-calculus. The notion of flexsymmetry is introduced, describing diagrams whose inputs and outputs are all interchangeable. This notion is used to classified all languages similar to the ZX-calculus. It is shown that the only admissible languages are the ZX-calculus, the ZH-calculus, and the ZW-calculus. Then is tackled the question of extending those languages to mixed-state quantum mechanics. A general categorical construction is proposed and is applied to provide extensions of the different languages. Finally, the thesis introduces notations allowing to handle in a compact way quantum algorithms relying on arbitrary large diagrams. To challenge their efficiency, those notations are used to show the correction of various quantum algorithms
Marcon, Eric. "Simulation du comportement graphique du matériau textile." Lyon 1, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989LYO10061.
Full textRenaud, Sylvie. "Contribution à la caractérisation des circuits de conversion analogique numérique : conception et réalisation d'un système d'évaluation dynamique de ces dispositifs." Bordeaux 1, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990BOR10505.
Full textForestier, Christian. "Contribution à l'étude et à la réalisation d'un système de programmation des robots industriels." Aix-Marseille 3, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989AIX30026.
Full textLevreau, Gilles. "Un environnement de conception, de documentation et de maintenance de schémas de bases de données." Paris 6, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995PA066376.
Full textKeskessa, Bachir. "Contribution à la modélisation didactique d'outils graphiques dans la maîtrise d'un processus en temps réel." Grenoble 2, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998GRE29052.
Full textWe tackle the problem of functional graphic tools in technology in the transition secondary school/high school. The functional graphic tools appear to be linked to the system of the technical objects within the productive system. The notions of incident, internality and externality introduced, have allowed a fine analysis of semiotic elements in the graphic instrumentation within the production. The experimental study shows different significant graphic skills according to the internal or external modes of the productive system. The comparison of these two modes has enabled a modelization of the graphic tool for the command of a productive system in real time aiming at teaching and training
Ashraf, Muhammad. "Catégorisation de graphiques par les enseignants et les élèves." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENH018/document.
Full textVisualizations have gained more importance in pedagogical material, in text books and in computer programs. Despite the co-existence of many different types of visualizations or graphical genres, learning research only has taken into account the distinction between text and pictures. This thesis aims at unpacking what, at least in learning research, seems to be one single holistic indivisible category of visualizations. We focused on teachers' and Masters students' thoughts on the existence of different types of visualizations and their presumed function in teaching and learning. Research on graphical representations is mainly focused on students' comprehension of graphical representations. However, there is very little research in extend of teachers' comprehension of graphical representations. In addition, the aspect of teacher training of graphical representations is also relatively ignored. There are two main parts in this thesis: theoretical and empirical. In theoretical part, we presented the literature on the existence of graphical representations in worldwide curricula. Remarkable works of cartographers who played important rule for the advancement of graphic representations in context of teaching and learning. And finally, classification of different genres of graphical representations was also exhibited. Empirical part on the other hand, based on three studies conducted with in-service teachers and Masters students' about their comprehension of graphical genres. First study was conducted with in-service teachers from France and Pakistan to investigate their basic understanding of graphical representations. Second and third study explores the Masters' students' categorization of graphical representations. In conclusion, it seems that the teacher training programs lack the training of graphic comprehension. Even in the domain of geography which is considered the major domain about graphics and graphic education, teachers were observed unfamiliar with many graphic genres. Overall, Generic graphical representations (i.e. line graph, pie charts, bar charts, maps and tables etc.) were identified more comfortably. However, classification of hybrid graphical representations (i.e. combination of map and bar graph or other hybrid graphics) was slightly difficult for the participants
Keraron, Yves. "Couplages entre le sytème documentaire et les systèmes technique et humain : les mutations numériques." Nantes, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007NANT2049.
Full textThis PhD work is a contribution to a more rational approach of documentation for its application to technical publication of industrial facilities. After a description of significative empirical experiences and a state of the standardization in the field, we focus our efforts on the definition of the concept of document. Our main theme is the genesis of the document as a technical object itself. We adopt also a structuralist approach of the document in its own system and we consider the couplings between the document, the physical and the human systems involved in an industrial system. Field studies on the use of the digital document system for a fighter aircraft confirm the interest of our theoretical framework and allow us to propose an improved valorization of the collected data through half directed interviews. We draw lessons for the different structure levels of the document system. We then describe the realisation of a prototype for graphical annotating, integrated to the digital repository of a process facility in order to better deal with the issues of updating the documents after modification of the facilities. \\ We propose an UML generic modeling of the document system to face the preservation requirements on one hand and the handling needs of the business processes on the other one. We briefly describe perspectives opened by this work and practical extensions we wish to work on at
Ghafouri, Gharavi Mohammad. "Représentations sensori-motrices du geste graphique dans l'espace tridimensionnel." Nancy 1, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997NAN10017.
Full textThe goal of this work was to study the representation of the peri-personnal space in man. This investigation is performed by analysing the arm movement in the three-dimensional space. This movement consisted in the production of drawing movements -ellipses- executed in the three anatomical reference planes: the sagittal, the frontal and the horizontal. By selecting this experimental paradigm, we consider the movement as the expression of a cognitif processus per se: the perceptual motor representation of the three-dimensional space. The drawing movements in the space were recorded by means of the Vicon three-dimensional motion analyser. In the first part of this work, a comparative study has been done about the mental representation of the space and the influence of the visual information. The results of this first part showed that the motor representation of the anatomical reference planes was anisotropic. In the second part, we have studied the influence of the nature of the movement on the production of oriented figure in the space. In this part, the ellipses have been produced by drawing and by pointing. The results confirmed the anisotropy found in the first part of our work. In the third part, the performance of elderly subjects -not suffering of any neurosensorial deficiency- has been studied. The anisotropy in the motor representation of the space, observed for the elderly subjects, can be interpreted as a shrinking of the representation of the peri-personnal space
Tabourier, Lionel. "Méthode de comparaison des topologies de graphes complexes : applications aux réseaux sociaux." Paris 6, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA066335.
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