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Journal articles on the topic 'Methodological skepticism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 25 April 2022

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1

Rusin, Jill. "Characterizing Skepticism’s Import." International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 2, no. 2 (2012): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/221057012x627249.

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This paper discusses a common contemporary characterization of skepticism and skeptical arguments—that their real importance is instrumental, that they “drive progress in philosophy.” I explore two possible contrasts to the idea that skepticism’s significance is thus wholly methodological. First, I recall for the reader a range of views that can be understood as ‘truth in skepticism’ views. These concessive views are those most clearly at odds with the idea that skepticism is false, but instrumentally valuable. Considering the contributions of such ‘truth in skepticism’ theorists, I argue, sho

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Lee, Richard. "Being Skeptical about Skepticism: Methodological Themes concerning Ockham's Alleged Skepticism." Vivarium 39, no. 1 (2001): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15685340152882516.

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3

Alcock, James E. "On the importance of methodological skepticism." New Ideas in Psychology 9, no. 2 (1991): 151–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0732-118x(91)90018-h.

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Misyurov, Nikolay Nikolayevich. "“POSITIVE SKEPTICISM” AS THE METHODOLOGICAL PRINCIPLE OF FR. SCHLEGEL’S “HIGHER” PHILOSOPHY." Herald of Omsk University 25, no. 1 (2020): 36–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.24147/1812-3996.2020.25(1).36-42.

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Discusses the concept in romanticism the problem of the volatility and uncertainty of sen-sual impressions; this leads to subjectivity and deceptiveness of the conclusions. F. Schle-gel separates the “perfect” philosophy of idealism. A critical attitude to contemporary phi-losophy is based on the romantic thesis of “eternal” variability of the human spirit and the philosophy of I. Kant as critics in accordance with the essence of skepticism. “Positive” skepticism is seen as a methodological principle of constructing a “predictive” philosophi-cal system, which will be filmed dialectical contrad

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Hall, Edward. "SKEPTICISM ABOUT UNCONSTRAINED UTOPIANISM." Social Philosophy and Policy 33, no. 1-2 (2016): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0265052516000364.

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Abstract:In this essay, I critically engage with a methodological approach in contemporary political theory — unconstrained utopianism — which holds that we can only determine how we should live by first giving an account of the principles that would govern society if people were perfectly morally motivated. I provide reasons for being skeptical of this claim. To begin with I query the robustness of the principles unconstrained utopianism purportedly delivers. While the method can be understood as offering existence proofs, because we can devise other situations in which morally flawless decis

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HOLOVACH, Volodymyr, and Tetiana HOLOVACH. "The concept of the auditor's professional skepticism and its genesis." Economics. Finances. Law 2, no. - (2022): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.37634/efp.2022.2.1.

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The paper considers such a fundamental principle of audit as the auditor's professional skepticism. Guided by an integrated approach, the conceptual foundations of professional skepticism, patterns of its origin, its formation and development are determined depending on the understanding of the public function of audit and the auditor's duty to detect the fraud at the appropriate historical stage. It is noted that the concept of skepticism has a deep history and is considered in philosophy, psychology, law and other sciences. It is concluded that in the aspect of audit the methodological skept

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Parascandola, Mark. "Skepticism, Statistical Methods, and the Cigarette: A Historical Analysis of a Methodological Debate." Perspectives in Biology and Medicine 47, no. 2 (2004): 244–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/pbm.2004.0032.

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Coliva, Annalisa. "What Do Philosophers Do? Maddy, Moore and Wittgenstein." International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 8, no. 3 (2018): 198–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105700-20181341.

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The paper discusses and presents an alternative interpretation to Penelope Maddy’s reading of G.E. Moore’s and Ludwig Wittgenstein’s anti-skeptical strategies as proposed in her book What Do Philosophers Do? Skepticism and the Practice of Philosophy. It connects this discussion with the methodological claims Maddy puts forward and offers an alternative to her therapeutic reading of Wittgenstein’s On Certainty.

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Elkins, Zachary, and Tom Ginsburg. "On disruption and leximetrics: A reply to Niels Petersen and Konstantin Chatziathanasiou." International Journal of Constitutional Law 19, no. 5 (2021): 1835–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icon/moab121.

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Abstract We explore the apparent disruption of legal scholarship wrought by leximetrics—variable-oriented, predictive methods. We view the skepticism surrounding leximetrics as healthy, in that it focuses attention on some central inferential challenges relevant to most empirical methods. Scholarly anxiety may be a natural by-product of this disruption, as scholars navigate the rise and fall in popularity of various ideas and approaches. Some of this anxiety is related to a perceived hierarchy of methodological approaches in social science. Nonetheless, we are hopeful that broadminded, ecumeni

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DeRose, Keith. "Précis of The Appearance of Ignorance: Knowledge, Skepticism, and Context, Vol. 2." International Journal for the Study of Skepticism 10, no. 1 (2020): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/22105700-20191398.

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The Appearance of Ignorance develops and champions contextualist solutions to the puzzles of skeptical hypotheses and of lotteries. It is argued that, at least by ordinary standards for knowledge, we do know that skeptical hypotheses are false, and that we’ve lost the lottery. Accounting for how it is that we know that skeptical hypotheses are false and why it seems that we don’t know that they’re false tells us a lot, both about what knowledge is and how knowledge attributions work. Along the way, the following are all explained and defended: Moorean methodological approaches to skepticism, o

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Howard, Douglas A. "Why Timars? Why Now? Ottoman Timars in the Light of Recent Historiography." Turkish Historical Review 8, no. 2 (2017): 119–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/18775462-00802002.

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Ottoman historians lost interest in timars a generation ago due to simultaneous intellectual and political crises, namely methodological skepticism and the end of the cold war. The archival methodology used in timar research was subjected to withering critique, and the underlying motivation for the research, land reform in East-Central Europe and Turkey, was dissipated. Renewed scholarly interest in the timar institution is driven by awareness of transnational themes, efforts to theorize complexity, and the value of transparency and self-consciousness in research agendas.

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Arnold, Bill T. "Deuteronomy as the "Ipsissima Vox" of Moses." Journal of Theological Interpretation 4, no. 1 (2010): 53–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/jtheointe.4.1.0053.

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Abstract Research on ancient Israel's legal corpora has focused in recent years on the way these portions of the Pentateuch relate to each other diachronically. This sort of research opens new avenues for investigating the significance of Deuteronomy's self-attribution as the speeches of Moses and may address the supposed impasse between fideism and skepticism among today's hermeneutical options. This article explores the methodological options in light of the book's attributions to Moses and proposes that Deuteronomy should be understood as the ipsissima vox rather than the ipsissima verba of

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Ogilvie, Ryan, and Peter Carruthers. "Better tests of consciousness are needed, but skepticism about unconscious processes is unwarranted." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 37, no. 1 (2014): 36–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13000800.

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AbstractWhat people report is, at times, the best evidence we have for what they experience. Newell & Shanks (N&S) do a service for debates regarding the role of unconscious influences on decision making by offering some sound methodological recommendations. We doubt, however, that those recommendations go far enough. For even if people have knowledge of the factors that influence their decisions, it does not follow that such knowledge is conscious, and plays a causal role, at the time the decision is made. Moreover, N&S fail to demonstrate that unconscious thought plays no role at

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Maltsev, A. A. "Diaspora of economists and Russian economics: In search of common ground." Voprosy Ekonomiki, no. 4 (April 28, 2018): 129–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.32609/0042-8736-2018-4-129-148.

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The article summarizes the results of a survey of 77 representatives of the Russian diaspora of academic economists (RDAE) carried out in the summer of 2017. Its main purpose was to find out the differences in theoretical views between RDAE members and Russian economists. The analysis has shown that the existing theoretical and methodological discrepancies are not the main obstacle for strengthening the cooperation between the two scientific communities. A key factor constraining the deepening of RDAE’s participation in the Russian academic life is the continuing skepticism of some of the Russ

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Barrett, Jason M. "Writing Assessment in the Humanities:." Journal of Assessment and Institutional Effectiveness 2, no. 2 (2012): 171–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.5325/jasseinsteffe.2.2.171.

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Abstract This article examines methodological and institutional challenges for empirically measuring student performance on writing. Writing's intrinsic subjectivity and the great variety of writing formats appropriate to diverse contexts raise fundamental questions about the empirical bias of the assessment culture taking root in U.S. higher education. At the same time, the academic training of humanist scholars, who typically have primary responsibility for writing pedagogy in universities, may predispose them to skepticism about assessment culture's broader mission. This article narrates th

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Svetlov, Roman, and Konstantin Shevtsov. "Scepsis and paradox: the problem of skepticism in Plato and the ancient tradition of paradoxes." ΣΧΟΛΗ. Ancient Philosophy and the Classical Tradition 13, no. 2 (2019): 683–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/1995-4328-2019-13-2-683-694.

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The subject of the research is the question of what texts of Plato could become a stimulus for the formation of skeptical ideas in the Academy. Can we, in particular, raise the question of the presence in the texts of Plato of something similar to the principle of the “epoche”, which is the most important methodological sign of skepticism? Can be compared with skepticism the elenchic strategy of Socrates? In our opinion, there are a number of moments in the works of Plato, which brings him closer to skeptical discourse (although this does not make him a skeptic). We dwell only on two of them.

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Spry, Tami. "Systems of Silence." International Review of Qualitative Research 1, no. 1 (2008): 75–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/irqr.2008.1.1.75.

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This essay offers a continuation of the dialogue of desire proposed by Anna Deavere Smith and Cornell West to find a language that speaks the complexity of race while simultaneously creating supportive productive diverse communities. As a white performative autoethnographer, a methodological skepticism of language's ability to represent race seems a critically productive space to speak into this desire. In our racialized copresence with one another, how does language function to perpetuate racial hegemonies, and then, how can autoethnography performatively interrupt hegemonic practices for the

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18

O’Mahoney, Joseph. "Why did they do that?: the methodology of reasons for action." International Theory 7, no. 2 (2015): 231–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s175297191500007x.

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‘Why did they do that?’ is one of the most common questions in International Relations. However, we cannot access other people’s reasons for action the same way that we perceive our own; we cannot introspect the reasons of other actors. This paper provides a unifying framework that delineates different types of knowledge claims regarding reason attribution. There are three possible methodological responses: (1) assume a possible reason and explain behavior in terms of that reason; (2) avoid the direct attribution of reason to individuals and locate explanatory leverage at an analytical level b

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Pchelkina, Daria Sergeevna. "Digital ethnography: methodological foundations in the cultural study of ethnic manifestation." Siberian Journal of Anthropology 5, no. 4 (2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31804/2542-1816-2021-5-4-25-33.

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Abstract The emergence and development of a global communication space leads to the transformation of the territorial and social structures of society, both on a global scale and in relation to a single territory, which in turn transforms the cultural system in general and ethnic culture in particular. Marshall McLuhan, one of the main theorists of the field of new media, stated about such transformations back in 1964, defining modern culture as a culture based on electricity, and also stating that due to the limitless development of information, people become involved in each other's affairs

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20

Ronzoni, Miriam. "Constructivism and Practical Reason: On Intersubjectivity, Abstraction, and Judgment." Journal of Moral Philosophy 7, no. 1 (2010): 74–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/174046809x12544019606102.

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AbstractThe article offers an account of the constructivist methodology in ethics and political philosophy as 1) deriving from an agnostic moral ontology and 2) proposing intersubjective justifiability as the criterion of justification for normative principles. It then asks whether constructivism, conceived in this way, can respond to the challenge of “content skepticism about practical reason”, namely whether it can provide sufficiently precise normative guidance whilst remaining faithful to its methodological commitment. The paper critically examines to alternative way of meeting this challe

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L. Knutsen, Torbjørn. "Ivers oeuvre." Internasjonal Politikk 77, no. 2 (2019): 148. http://dx.doi.org/10.23865/intpol.v77.1615.

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Iver Neumann has been one of the most productive and visible foreign policy and IR scholars of his generation. He has had great influence both internationally and at NUPI. He has, however, not become a prophet in his own country. Norway’s political science community has expressed little interest in the three traditions that have been the lasting anchor points in Neumann’s works: the English School, the German tradition of critical theory and French post-modernism. This article suggests that Norwegian political studies have expressed a lack of curiosity – if not an active skepticism – towards p

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22

Reynolds, Terrence. "Historicism, Truth Claims, and the Teaching of Ethics." Horizons 23, no. 1 (1996): 86–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0360966900029868.

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AbstractThis article analyzes the impact of postmodernism on the meaning, truth, and justification of claims in contemporary theology and ethics. It argues that historicist premises do not lead inexorably from a naïve objectivism in ethics to ethical relativism, as Sheila Greeve Davaney and Richard Rorty suggest. Instead, as the work of Carol Christ and Jeffrey Stout has argued, theologians and ethicists are justified in making indirect, web-of-belief related claims to ontological truth. Christ's theological realism and Stout's modest pragmatism both appear able to support meaningful discussio

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23

Patterson, Orlando, and Xiaolin Zhuo. "Modern Trafficking, Slavery, and Other Forms of Servitude." Annual Review of Sociology 44, no. 1 (2018): 407–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-soc-073117-041147.

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The claim that there has been a remarkable revival of slavery, other forms of forced labor, and human trafficking in our times has inspired widespread activism and a vast body of popular and academic works. Although the conflation of terms, exaggerated empirical claims, and a shortage of evidence-based work have prompted legitimate scholarly skepticism, modern trafficking and forms of servitude do present urgent problems for researchers, lawmakers and reformers. We first clarify the most basic terms in the field—servitude, forced labor, slavery, trafficking, and smuggling—then examine all form

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Terezis, Christos, and Lydia Petridou. "The metaphysical “monistic” approach of the Platonic Timaeus by the Neo-Platonist Proclus." Journal of Ancient Philosophy 14, no. 1 (2020): 116–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.11606/issn.1981-9471.v14i1p116-160.

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In this article, we focus on Proclus' commentary on Plato's Timaeus (30a3-6) about how the divine Demiurge intervenes in matter. It is an interesting extract due to the fact that Proclus manages to combine philosophical perspective with theological interpretation and scientific analysis. In the six chapters of the article, we present the theory on dualism established by the representatives of Middle Platonism, we approach the question of the production of the corporeal hypostases, we examine limit and unlimited as productive powers, we explain production in the sense of co-production as well a

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Cavaliere, Robert, and David Schiff. "Chemotherapy and cerebral metastases: misperception or reality?" Neurosurgical Focus 22, no. 3 (2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2007.22.3.7.

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✓Cerebral metastases remain a common complication among patients with cancer. Surgery and radiotherapy remain the principal therapeutic interventions. In contrast, the benefit of chemotherapy has long been viewed with skepticism. Nonetheless, as survival in cancer patients improves and the incidence of cerebral metastases increases, so does the demand for effective therapies. It is now recognized that the blood–brain barrier within metastases is permeable and thus allows entry of otherwise excluded drugs. Limited data have suggested that cerebral metastases have modest sensitivity to chemother

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van Burgsteden, Lotte, and Hedwig te Molder. "Withholding consent." Pragmatics and Society 12, no. 4 (2021): 669–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/ps.20032.bur.

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Abstract This paper examines public meetings in the Netherlands where experts and officials interact with local residents on the human health effects of livestock farming. Using Conversation Analysis, we reveal a ‘weapon of the weak’: a practice by which the residents resist experts’ head start in information meetings. It is shown how residents draw on the given question-answer format to challenge experts and pursue an admission of, for example, methodological shortcomings. We show how the residents’ first question functions as a ‘foot-in-the-door’, providing them with a strong basis for skept

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Nascimento Machado, Lucas, and Luiz Filipe da Silva Oliveira. "Os aforismos sobre o absoluto: Schulze contra o “evangelho” de Schelling e Hegel." Problemata 11, no. 4 (2020): 30–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.7443/problemata.v11i4.52965.

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In our paper, we make a brief presentation and contextualization of Schulze's text, of which we present here a translation, “Aphorisms about the absolute”. In this text, Schulze develops, in an ironic style — or, in the words of Vieweg, pseudo-ironic —, his critique of the philosophies of identity Schelling and Hegel. In our exposition, we aim to point out, first, how, before the publication of the Aphorisms, Schelling and Hegel understood skepticism in general and evaluated Schulze’s skepticism in particular. Next, we shall see how Schulze responded to Schelling and Hegel’s objections with hi

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Standing, Lionel G., and Herman Huber. "DO PSYCHOLOGY COURSES REDUCE BELIEF IN PSYCHOLOGICAL MYTHS?" Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 31, no. 6 (2003): 585–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.6.585.

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This study examined the degree to which psychology students accept popular psychology myths that are rejected by mainstream researchers (e.g., “people use only 10% of their brain's capacity”), and the effect of psychology courses on myth acceptance. Using a 20-item, true-false myth belief questionnaire, it examined the levels of gullibility among 94 undergraduates at different stages of their education, and related these to their educational and demographic backgrounds. High overall levels of myth acceptance (71%) were found, in line with earlier research. Myth acceptance decreased with the nu

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Perry, Gina, Augustine Brannigan, Richard A. Wanner, and Henderikus Stam. "Credibility and Incredulity in Milgram’s Obedience Experiments: A Reanalysis of an Unpublished Test." Social Psychology Quarterly 83, no. 1 (2019): 88–106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0190272519861952.

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This article analyzes variations in subject perceptions of pain in Milgram’s obedience experiments and their behavioral consequences. Based on an unpublished study by Milgram’s assistant, Taketo Murata, we report the relationship between the subjects’ belief that the learner was actually receiving painful electric shocks and their choice of shock level. This archival material indicates that in 18 of 23 variations of the experiment, the mean levels of shock for those who fully believed that they were inflicting pain were lower than for subjects who did not fully believe they were inflicting pai

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Kálmán, Sára, Edit Hathy, and János M. Réthelyi. "A Dishful of a Troubled Mind: Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells in Psychiatric Research." Stem Cells International 2016 (2016): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7909176.

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Neuronal differentiation of induced pluripotent stem cells and direct reprogramming represent powerful methods for modeling the development of neuronsin vitro. Moreover, this approach is also a means for comparing various cellular phenotypes between cell lines originating from healthy and diseased individuals or isogenic cell lines engineered to differ at only one or a few genomic loci. Despite methodological constraints and initial skepticism regarding this approach, the field is expanding at a fast pace. The improvements include the development of new differentiation protocols resulting in s

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Shah Haneef, Sayed Sikandar, Miszairi Sitiris, and Saidatolakma Mohd Yunus. "Local Family Fiqh in Malaysia: An Analysis of `Urf Methodological Framework (Fiqh Keluarga Tempatan Di Malaysia: Suatu Analisis Rangka Kerja Metodologi ‘Urfi)." Journal of Islam in Asia (E-ISSN 2289-8077) 17, no. 3 (2020): 117–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31436/jia.v17i3.933.

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The ongoing advocacy for developing local fiqh, among others, emphasizes an indigenous approach to evolving fiqh by highlighting the flaws in the dominant approach to family law reform and renewal. One of their methodological tools is to examine the existing family fiqh from its ‘urfi based content as well to explore ways of resolving new emerging usages and customs, which differ from custom of people in other communities in the Muslim world. Critics, however, have some misgivings about this approach and see it as a kind of post-modernist thinking, the thrust of which is to raise skepticism ab

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Brake, Elizabeth. "MAKING PHILOSOPHICAL PROGRESS: THE BIG QUESTIONS, APPLIED PHILOSOPHY, AND THE PROFESSION." Social Philosophy and Policy 34, no. 2 (2017): 23–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s026505251700019x.

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Abstract:The debate over whether philosophy makes progress has focused on its failure to answer a core set of “big” questions. I argue that there are other kinds of philosophical progress which are equally important yet underappreciated: the creative development of new “philosophical devices” which increase our ability to think about the world, and the broadening of philosophical topics to ever greater adequacy to what matters. The conception of philosophy as defined by a narrow “core” set of questions is responsible for skepticism about progress, as well as for philosophy’s “marketing problem

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Levine, Daniel J., and David M. McCourt. "Why Does Pluralism Matter When We Study Politics? A View from Contemporary International Relations." Perspectives on Politics 16, no. 1 (2018): 92–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592717002201.

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Pluralism has become a buzzword in International Relations. It has emerged in a number of linked literatures and has drawn the support of an unusual coalition of scholars: advocates of greater methodological diversity; those who feel that IR has degenerated into a clash of paradigmatic “-isms”; those who favor a closer relationship between academics and policy-makers; and those who wish to see greater reflexivity within the field. Perhaps unsurprisingly, no single vision of pluralism unites these scholars; they appear to be using the term in divergent ways. Accordingly, our aim is threefold. F

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Bushansky, S. P. "Inefficiency of road concessions in Russia: exception or rule?" Journal of the New Economic Association 50, no. 2 (2021): 97–118. http://dx.doi.org/10.31737/2221-2264-2021-50-2-5.

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It explores the contradiction between the optimistic expectations of public-private partnership (PPP) and the estimated socio-economic unprofitability of road concessions in Russia. It is shown that special national guidelines for assessment of PPP efficiency are not a barrier to the approvement of inappropriate, from a public point of view, investment projects. The official approval of such regulations suggests that the Russian design system is skeptical about the possibility of a compromise between public efficiency and PPP projects. In foreign practice, the regulatory traditional requiremen

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Trimmer, John T., Neema Nakyanjo, Robert Ssekubugu, Marc Sklar, James R. Mihelcic, and Sarina J. Ergas. "Assessing the promotion of urine-diverting dry toilets through school-based demonstration facilities in Kalisizo, Uganda." Journal of Water, Sanitation and Hygiene for Development 6, no. 2 (2016): 276–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/washdev.2016.045.

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Urine-diverting dry toilets (UDDTs) are designed to recover nutrients and organic matter from human excreta for agricultural reuse. Their wider implementation could help address problems in areas where water scarcity limits coverage of sanitation systems and declining soil fertility jeopardizes nutritional security. Demonstration facilities can improve stakeholders’ views of UDDTs; however, it is uncertain whether these facilities should be located at households or institutions. Using a novel methodological approach that included qualitative data collection before and after introduction of dem

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Pääkkönen, Juho, Salla-Maaria Laaksonen, and Mikko Jauho. "Credibility by automation: Expectations of future knowledge production in social media analytics." Convergence: The International Journal of Research into New Media Technologies 26, no. 4 (2020): 790–807. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1354856520901839.

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Social media analytics is a burgeoning new field associated with high promises of societal relevance and business value but also methodological and practical problems. In this article, we build on the sociology of expectations literature and research on expertise in the interaction between humans and machines to examine how analysts and clients make their expectations about social media analytics credible in the face of recognized problems. To investigate how this happens in different contexts, we draw on thematic interviews with 10 social media analytics and client companies. In our material,

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Robotova, Alevtina S. "Skeptic’s Comment: What Questions ‘Academic Writing’ Does Not Answer." Higher Education in Russia 27, no. 11 (2018): 71–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.31992/0869-3617-2018-27-11-71-84.

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The paper provides information to support its title (“Skeptic’s comment…”). The author shares his attitudes towards a new research area of academic writing (AW) and a system of teaching AW. The paper is presented in a form of a dialog between the author and the advocates of AW. In the author’s opinion, these advocates do not answer a number of questions to be asked for including their ideas into the scope of pedagogical knowledge. While admitting the value of analyzing foreign publications on AW, interpreting them and creating a teaching and learning system tailored for our national practice,

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Vachhrajani, Shobhan, Abhaya V. Kulkarni, and John R. W. Kestle. "Clinical practice guidelines." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 3, no. 4 (2009): 249–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2008.12.peds08278.

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In the era of evidence-based medicine, clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) have become an integral part of many aspects of medical practice. Because practicing neurosurgeons rarely have the time or, in some cases, the methodological expertise, to assess and assimilate the totality of primary research, CPGs can in theory provide a vehicle through which neurosurgeons could more efficiently integrate the most current evidence into patient management. Clinical practice guidelines have been met with some skepticism, however, particularly within the neurosurgical community. Some have expressed conce

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Merriam, Sarah B., Brielle Spataro, Megan E. Hamm, Melissa A. McNeil, and Deborah J. DiNardo. "Video Observation With Guided Reflection: A Method for Continuing Teaching Education." Journal of Graduate Medical Education 10, no. 4 (2018): 416–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4300/jgme-d-17-00692.1.

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ABSTRACT Background Best practices for faculty development programs include longitudinal, practice-based formats incorporating experiential learning with opportunities for reflection and community building. Peer coaching for faculty development provides personalized, learner-centered, work-based learning. Implementation of traditional 1-on-1 peer coaching programs is challenging due to time, logistics, and methodological barriers. Objective We sought to improve observation and reflection skills and to expand personal teaching practices of clinician educators. Methods In 2016, we developed and

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Allina, Eric. "“Fallacious Mirrors:” Colonial Anxiety and Images of African Labor in Mozambique, ca. 1929." History in Africa 24 (January 1997): 9–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3172017.

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African historiography has over the past decade begun to pay increasing attention to photographs as a source for African history. A growing body of work has raised a number of methodological and theoretical questions about how scholars can and should work with images. From their experience with written documents, historians are aware of the ideologically charged conditions under which colonial knowledge was produced. This awareness has armed scholars with a skepticism to look beyond the image itself and examine the physical and technological environment in which photographers worked. Posed stu

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Билалов, М. И. "ON THE METHODOLOGY OF FORECASTING THE FUTURE OF THE NATIONAL REPUBLICS OF THE NORTH CAUCASUS." Вестник ГГНТУ. Гуманитарные и социально-экономические науки, no. 1(23) (April 29, 2021): 47–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.34708/gstou.2021.54.91.006.

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На примере публикаций в СМИ критически осмысливаются фактологизм, отсутствие цельной методологии и идеологии прогнозирования будущего республик Северного Кавказа. Автор отвергает скептицизм и пессимизм в оценке перспектив северокавказских народов. Обосновывается неприемлемость либерализма как методологии современного социального развития. Предлагаются основополагающие подходы в виде исторических закономерностей, идеалов и норм евразийства, соответствующие антилиберализму, антиглобализму и альтерглобализму, необходимые как методологические установки для определения перспектив народов постсоветс

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Jacques, Guillaume, and Johann-Mattis List. "Save the trees." Journal of Historical Linguistics 9, no. 1 (2019): 128–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jhl.17008.mat.

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AbstractSkepticism regarding the tree model has a long tradition in historical linguistics. Although scholars have emphasized that the tree model and its long-standing counterpart, the wave theory, are not necessarily incompatible, the opinion that family trees are unrealistic and should be completely abandoned in the field of historical linguistics has always enjoyed a certain popularity. This skepticism has further increased with the advent of recently proposed techniques for data visualization which seem to confirm that we can study language history without trees. In this article, we show t

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RUCHKINA, Gulnara, Sergey G. EREMIN, Natalia V. ZALYUBOVSKAYA, Irina I. ROMASHKOVA, and Evgeniy L. VENGEROVSKIY. "Norms of Soft Law as a New Source of Financial Law of Russia." Journal of Advanced Research in Law and Economics 9, no. 1 (2018): 278. http://dx.doi.org/10.14505//jarle.v9.1(31).33.

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The goal of this study is the analysis of norms of soft law as a new source of financial law in the Russian Federation. The methodological basis of the research of the problem involves General scientific dialectic method of scientific knowledge, especially legal methods (structural-functional, legal and dogmatic), methods, legal modeling, comparative and historical jurisprudence, as well a generic methods (analysis and synthesis, description, observation, induction and deduction, comparison, generalization, formal logical and systematic). A brief review of research on the topic of ʼsoft lawʼ,

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Dong, Rae, Claudia Leung, Mackenzie N. Naert, et al. "Chronic disease stigma, skepticism of the health system, and socio-economic fragility: Qualitative assessment of factors impacting receptiveness to group medical visits and microfinance for non-communicable disease care in rural Kenya." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (2021): e0248496. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0248496.

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Background Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are the leading cause of mortality in the world, and innovative approaches to NCD care delivery are being actively developed and evaluated. Combining the group-based experience of microfinance and group medical visits is a novel approach to NCD care delivery. However, the contextual factors, facilitators, and barriers impacting wide-scale implementation of these approaches within a low- and middle-income country setting are not well known. Methods Two types of qualitative group discussion were conducted: 1) mabaraza (singular, baraza), a traditional

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Iankova Natchkova, Maia. "CHALLENGES TO PROFESSIONAL ETHICS, TRAINING AND CONTINUING EDUCATION OF SPECIALISTS IN THE FIELD OF INDEPENDENT FINANCIAL AUDIT." Knowledge International Journal 34, no. 5 (2019): 1301–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.35120/kij34051301n.

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Auditor’s profession is extremely necessary and crucial for the society. It has the important and responsible task to observe and assess the proper implementation of the principles, concepts, rules, legal standards and conventions as set out in the International Financial Reporting Standards/ International Accounting Standards, EU directives, International Standards on Auditing and the national (local) accounting legislation. Specialists in the field of independent financial audit – chartered expert accountants, registered auditors, should verify the timely, reliable, objective, correct, accur

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Lekoko, Rebecca Nthogo. "Story-Telling as a Potent Research Paradigm for Indigenous Communities." AlterNative: An International Journal of Indigenous Peoples 3, no. 2 (2007): 82–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/117718010700300206.

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At first glance, it seems odd that a paper should be concerned with the place of story-telling in scientific studies when researchers such as ethnographers have long used this technique. However, the growth of knowledge generated through the extensively used classical research inquiries of qualitative and quantitative approaches has created a kind of mandarin and sheltered culture where anything that does not fall within these paradigms is received with skepticism, making it possible that indigenous ways of knowing, such as story-telling, be accepted feebly by the scientific communities. The a

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Joseph, John E. "Typology, Diachrony, and Explanatory Order." Diachronica 6, no. 1 (1989): 55–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/dia.6.1.04jos.

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SUMMARY The paper examines Bybee's (1988) opinion that language universals cannot be used to explain language change. Placed in its historical context, Bybee's view appears to signal a further weakening in the bond between typology and diachrony that has been so fruitful in the 1970s and 1980s. However, when her methodological and argumentative procedures are submitted to close scrutiny, doubts emerge as to the validity of her skepticism, at least in the strong form in which she has expressed it. Data regarding the development of adpositions and affixation in Latin are brought to bear in deter

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Kaveshnikov, N. Yu. "European and Integration Studies." MGIMO Review of International Relations, no. 5(38) (October 28, 2014): 112–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.24833/2071-8160-2014-5-38-112-118.

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Soviet scientific school of pan-European integration studies began to emerge in the 1960s at the Institute of World Economy and International Relations (Russian Academy of Science). Among the leading scientists who have developed methodological approaches of Soviet integration studies were M.M. Maximova, Y.A. Borko, Y. Shishkov, L.I. Capercaillie. Later, a new center for integration studies became the Institute of Europe, created in 1987. It was led by such renowned scientists as Academicians V.V. Zhurkin and N.P. Shmelev. In the 1980s the subject of the integration process in Europe attracted

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Vasechko, Vyacheslav. "Robert Merton and Ibn Sina: A Roll Call of Moral Imperatives." Ideas and Ideals 13, no. 4-1 (2021): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.17212/2075-0862-2021-13.4.1-75-87.

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The paper attempts to expand the authentic understanding of the imperatives of the scientific ethos given by R.K. Merton in 1942. In the original interpretation, Merton’s Code referred only to the European science of the New Age and subsequent centuries. As Merton himself and his followers have seen, the applicability of this code to other societies is not relevant. However, the author of the paper believes that the original four maxims of Merton in one way or another work effectively outside the specified space-time frame and, in particular, work in medieval Arab-Muslim science. The philosoph

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Aysina, R. M., A. A. Nesterova, T. F. Suslova, and V. V. Khitryuk. "Teachers’ attitudes towards inclusive education of children with ASD: A review of Russian and foreign research." Education and science journal 21, no. 10 (2020): 189–210. http://dx.doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2019-10-189-210.

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Introduction. Contemporary psychological and pedagogical studies emphasise that the success of inclusive education of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) depends largely on teachers’ readiness and ability to understand students’ with ASD specific needs and take them into account when implementing learning technologies. Thus, it is extremely important to investigate teachers’ attitudes towards educational inclusion of students with autism and identify factors, which may facilitate or hinder teachers’ readiness to work with this category of students in an inclusive format.Aim. On the b

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