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Llamas, Zogbi Valentina Maria. "Towards an agile methodology for industrial problem solving." Phd thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2017. http://oatao.univ-toulouse.fr/19421/1/LLAMAS_ZOGBI_Valentina_Maria.pdf.
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In order to survive to the unstable and highly changing market-place, modern organisations need to adapt their business processes to be more agile. Such is, particularly, the case of problem solving processes. Problem solving is a key activity that companies perform on a daily basis to improve quality and to obtain sustainable and continuous improvement. Such processes are built following standard rigid frameworks as Plan, Do, Check, Act (PDCA), Define, Measure, Analyse, Improve, Control (DMAIC), or 8 Disciplines (8D)/ 9 Steps (9S). In these methods, the generalization and reuse of knowledge is facilitated by standardization. However, it is sometimes difficult to react to unexpected events due to over-constrained standards. Then, a need arises to define a problem solving process sufficiently structured but not over constrained by standards, which can be reconfigured and adapted to unexpected situations, and that is based on experience feedback principles. This thesis work describes a proposition of an agile problem solving process driven by the reuse of experiences and knowledge. For this purpose, based on Case-Based Reasoning (CBR) principles, the complete lifecycle of an agile problem solving process is proposed. Following the five steps that compose the agile lifecycle, the agile process can be defined, executed and stored in a dedicated knowledge and experience base. An application of the model to a specific problem solving process of a surface treatment company is presented. The process is analysed, deploying the complete agile lifecycle. It is shown how the standard problem solving method used within the company could become more agile through the application of our method.
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Ledington, P. W. J. "Intervening in organisational conversations using soft systems methodology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.276848.
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Davies, Lynda J. "The cultural aspects of intervention with Soft Systems Methodogy." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328763.
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Romero, Bejarano Juan Camillo. "Collaborative problem solving within supply chains : general framework, process and methodology." Thesis, Toulouse, INPT, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013INPT0108/document.
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La Résolution de Problèmes est l'un des piliers des stratégies d'amélioration continue des entreprises. Dans ce cadre, un certain nombre des méthodes ont réussi à démontrer son efficacité pour adresser des problèmes particulièrement complexes. Parmi ces méthodes, on peut distinguer le PDCA, le DMAICS, le 7Steps et le 8D/9S. Pourtant, l'apparition des réseaux distribuées de partenaires, ainsi que le positionnement du concept d'entreprise étendue, ont obligé les entreprises à aller au-delà de ses frontières pour travailler en synergie avec tous les partenaires en amont et en aval de sa chaîne. Dans ce contexte, l'efficacité de ces méthodes de résolution des problèmes a été fortement impactée. Ceci car non seulement les problèmes, mais aussi les produits, les partenaires, les ressources et l'information nécessaires pour sa résolution sont extrêmement fragmentés et décentralisés. Cette thèse s'intéresse donc à la résolution collaborative de problèmes au sein des chaînes distribuées de partenaires et son objectif est de proposer un processus et une méthodologie adaptés à ces contextes. Les propositions faites prennent en compte les aspects techniques (e.g. la modélisation des flux et la configuration de la chaîne) ainsi que les aspects collaboratifs (e.g. le niveau de confiance et/ou le rapport de pouvoir entre les partenaires) que conditionnent l'opération et l'efficacité du réseau. Finalement, cette thèse s'intéresse à l'articulation d'un système de retour d'expérience dans la résolution de problèmes distribués afin d'améliorer son efficacitéThe Problem Solving Process is a central element of the firms' continuous improvement strategies. In this framework, a number of approaches have succeeded to demonstrate their effectiveness to tackle industrial problems. The list includes, but is not limited to PDCA, DMAICS, 7Steps and 8D/9S. However, the emergence and increasing emphasis in the supply chains have impacted the effectiveness of those methods to solve problems that go beyond the boundaries of a single firm and, in consequence, their ability to provide solutions when the contexts on which firms operate are distributed. This can be explained because not only the problems, but also the products, partners, skills, resources and pieces of evidence required to solve those problems are distributed, fragmented and decentralized across the network. This PhD thesis deals with the solving of industrial problems in supply chains based in collaboration. It develops a general framework for studying this paradigm, as well as both a generic process and a collaborative methodology able to deal with the process in practice. The proposal considers all the technical aspects (e.g. products modeling and network structure) and the collaborative aspects (e.g. the trust decisions and/or the power gaps between partners) that simultaneously impact the supply chain operation and the jointly solving of problems. Finally, this research work positions the experiential knowledge as a central lever of the problem solving process to contribute to the continuous improvement strategies at a more global level
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Tsouvalis, Constantinos Nikolaos. "Agonistic thinking in problem-solving : the case of the Soft Systems Methodology." Thesis, Lancaster University, 1994. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.296969.
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GANDOLPHO, ANDRE ALVES. "METHODOLOGY FOR SOLVING FUZZY LINEAR PROGRAMMING PROBLEMS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2005. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=8070@1.
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COORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOREsta tese propõe uma metodologia para obter uma solução para problemas de programação linear fuzzy. A metodologia aqui descrita apresenta um conjunto de soluções em que tanto os valores das variáveis quanto o valor ótimo para a função de custo, ou função objetivo, possuem uma faixa de valores possíveis. Assim, é possível fornecer um conjunto de soluções factíveis que atendam a diferentes cenários, além de fornecer ao tomador de decisões uma ferramenta de análise mais útil, permitindo que sejam analisadas outras soluções possíveis antes de se escolher uma solução em particular. O problema é resolvido de forma iterativa, tornando mais simples e de fácil aplicação a metodologia desenvolvida.
This work proposes an approach to obtain a solution to linear fuzzy programming problems. The approach described here presents a solution set in where both the variables values and the cost function optimun value to have an associated membership function. Thus, it is possible to provided not only a feasible solution set applicable to different scenarios but also to supply the decision maker with a more powerful tool for the analysis of other possible solutions. The problem is solved in an interactive way, so that the developed is approach easily applicable and simple to handle
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Liao, Shu-hsien. "Case-based decision support systems : a problem solving methodology for military command and control." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.337160.
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Kan, Claudia Yim-fun. "A methodology for parsimoniously structuring a set of activities." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1988. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/45929.
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In project or program planning, a Gantt or PERT chart is usually employed as a graphical representation of schedule for activities. Planners utilize this chart in performing analyses such as the Critical Path Method (CPM) and Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT). Very little effort, however, has been devoted to the formulation of activity networks, which is the initial step before aforementioned analyses. This research addresses this problem by developing a systematic methodology to aid in the identification and rapid structuring of a system of activities.
The theoretical foundation of the methodology is based on Interpretive Structural Modeling (ISM). It consists of seven basic steps: (l) identifying the activities in the set; (2) identifying the set of relation statements; (3)identifying the initial input; (4) establishing a transitive inference mechanism based upon previous responses; (5) generating a logical combination of relationships based on previous responses; (6) storing the relationship for each pair of activities in a relation matrix; and (7) outputting the relationships in the form of a simplified Gantt chart.
The merits of applying this methodology include (1) efficiency in activity structuring and (2) avoidance of illogical and inconsistent sequential relationship specifications. A "Business Appreciation" example is used in illustrating the application of this methodology. It reveals that 85% of a total of 120 possible sequential activity relationships can be deduced without asking for information from the user. In general, over 57% of the sequential relationships can be inferred without input by the user.Master of Urban and Regional Planning
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Hodge, H. Jane F. "Divergent thinking and Sschmidt's schema theory as a function of problem solving methodology in physical education." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59393.
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The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between divergent thinking and Schmidt's schema theory of motor learning in a population of first year University physical education students.Problem solving teaching methodology was used as the intervention program in this study and the main sources of data were the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking and tests of Schmidt's schema theory designed by the researcher. Descriptive data were used to explain the intervention program.
A mixed model analysis of variance was used to compare the pre-test and post-test performance on Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), and the Pearson product-moment correlation technique was used to compare the results of the TTCT post-test and the Schmidt test.
Results showed minimal differences attributable to the intervention and no relationships between the two tests. Analysis of the descriptive data suggests several limitations to the intervention program and some suggestions for further research are offered.
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Freitas, Juliana Aparecida de. "Aprendizagem de Matemática por meio da aplicação da perspectiva metodológica da resolução de problemas a alunos do ensino médio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97138/tde-04122018-145246/.
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Nesta pesquisa, de abordagem qualitativa, discutimos o uso da Resolução de Problemas como metodologia de ensino em Matemática numa Perspectiva Metodológica a alunos do Ensino Médio. Tendo por objetivo geral contribuir para a melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem em Matemática. Durante três bimestres foram desenvolvidas atividades em três turmas da 2° série de uma escola publica da Rede Estadual de Ensino no município de Tremembé-SP. Essas atividades focalizavam os seguintes tópicos: as habilidades em que os alunos apresentavam defasagem, os diferentes tipos de problemas matemáticos sugeridos por Smole e Diniz (2001), a relação entre a Matemática e a Língua Materna e os processos cognitivos e metacognitivos. A coleta de dados deu-se por meio do diário de campo da professora-pesquisadora e dos registros produzidos pelos alunos ao longo das aulas. A análise dos dados aponta que na prática pedagógica, trabalhar com diferentes tipos de problemas aproxima a Matemática e a Língua Materna, ampliando a compreensão dos alunos, como também formular problemas ou parte dele embora se constitua uma tarefa desafiadora, contribui positivamente com o processo de resolução além de propiciar o início de reflexões de ordem metacognitiva.In this qualitative research, we discuss the use of problems solving as a methodology of mathematics teaching in a methodologic perspective to high school students. With the general goal of contributing to the improvement of teaching-learning in mathematics, were developed activities in three classes of the second grade of a Public School of the State Teaching Network in the municipality of Tremembé-SP during three bimester. These activities focused on the following topics: the abilities in which the students presented lags, the different types of mathematical problems suggested by Smole and Diniz (2001), the relation between Mathematics and the Mother Language and the cognitive and metacognitive processes. The data collection was done through the teacher-researcher\'s field diary and the records produced by the students throughout the classes. The analysis of the data points out that in pedagogical practice, working with different types of problems brings the Mathematics and Mother Language closer, broadening the students comprehension, and formulating problems or part of it, although it is a challenging task, positively contributes to the resolution process beyond of propitiating the beginning of reflections of metacognitive order.
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Van, Vlaenderen Hilde. "Group problem solving among community activists in a South African setting: an everyday cognition approach." Thesis, Rhodes University, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1002589.
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The study focuses on the everyday problem solving processes of a group of community activists in a rural setting in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It aims to uncover: first, the local knowledge of the participants of the study with reference to the concepts problem and problem solving; second, the participants' group problem solving procedure; and third, the dialectical interrelation between the participants' knowledge and practice with reference to everyday group problem solving. It is contended that the mainstream cognitive approach and the cross-cultural tradition are inappropriate for the study of everyday cognitive processes. A ‘situated cognition’ approach, based on the notions of activity and cultural mediation, is proposed as a theoretical framework for the study. The ontological and epistemological assumptions underpinning the empirical study were derived from a scientific realist and a hermeneutical paradigm. Data for the inquiry into the local knowledge of the participants was collected through individual interviews. The data was interpreted, using the grounded theory techniques of constant comparison, coding and compiling theoretical diagrams. Data for the inquiry into the participants' group problem solving practice consisted of video-taped group problem solving processes. This data was analysed, using a multi layered process of progressively deeper interpretation, employing a reading guide technique. Analysis of the research data revealed that the participants perceived a problem as an impediment to satisfactory participation in society. Problem solving was considered as an emotive, cognitive and inter-active process, involving particular role players. This process had a certain structure, involved attitudes and actions and relied on particular resources. Successful problem solving was perceived to result in restoration of social equilibrium. The group problem solving procedure used by the participants consisted of a process of developing a common understanding and group consensus. The strategies employed in the process, the roles played by the participants, the rules adhered to by the participants and the structure underlying the process were all congruent with these aims. There was a mutually reinforcing interrelation between knowledge and practice with reference to the participants’ problem solving.
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Giroux, Isabelle. "An exploration of owner-manager problem solving practices in small firms : the Central Vancouver Island experience." Thesis, University of Hertfordshire, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2299/1841.
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A significant amount of research in the field of small business management has correlated small firm performance with the sophistication of overall management skills (see, for example, Gasse, 1997; Gadenne, 1998; Zinger, leBrasseur and Zannibi, 2001; Balderson, 2003) and more particularly problem solving skills. Yet, even though problem solving skills are at the core of the small business management process (Jennings and Beaver, 1997), there has been little research to date that has focused on understanding the actual approach small business owner-managers take to solve the problems they encounter as the present study has done, through the utilization of an interpretive research design applied to a sample of small firms. The primary purpose of this exploratory study is to investigate the nature of problem solving practices adopted by 11 small business owner-managers on Central Vancouver Island, Canada, by identifying the types of problems encountered in the years following their establishment, the actions taken to solve these problems and the outcomes of these actions for the firm. It examines the characteristics of the problemm solving approaches utilized by owner-managers as they encountered problems, and identifies how they perceived the impact of the approach taken on the continued survival of their firm. The methodological approach taken in this study is positioned within an emergent body of research in the field of small business and entrepreneurship that applies an interpretive paradigm to uncover the complex facets of how individuals develop their capabilities and management practices (Chell and Allman, 2003) with a particular emphasis on the small business owner-manager. The interpretive assumptions guiding the research process have allowed new understandings to emerge about problem solving in small firms within the wider context of managerial capability as a critical contributor to small business survival. More specifically, the critical incident technique method (Flanagan, 1954; Chell, 1998), along with an approach to data analysis and coding that draws from grounded theory (Glaser, 1992; Glaser and Strauss, 1999; Strauss and Corbin, 1998), are combined and applied as a qualitative research strategy. This strategy has not previously been used in relation to the study of problem solving in small firms. This interpretive paradigm allows the exploration of how small business owner-managers attach meaning to their subjective experiences and the implications of these perceptions for the business outcomes of the firm, specifically as they relate to solving critical business problems. As a result, the interpretive methods applied in the course of this study make a novel contribution to the field, since they have yielded new interpretations on the nature of problem solving processes in the sample of small firms studied. The findings presented here reveal the intuitive, improvised and non-linear nature of how problems are actually solved in these small firms, in contrast to a number of well-known theoretical research frameworks that propose well-defined and delineated steps in the problem solving process. The results of this study make a valuable contribution to building new theory in this area of inquiry by demonstrating how more dynamic processes occur in practice. An alternative way to conceptualize problem solving in small firms is presented in Chapter 6, A Holistic Framework for Problem Solving in Small Firms.
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Nahangi, Arian A. "Modeling and Solving the Outsourcing Risk Management Problem in Multi-Echelon Supply Chains." DigitalCommons@CalPoly, 2021. https://digitalcommons.calpoly.edu/theses/2321.
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Worldwide globalization has made supply chains more vulnerable to risk factors, increasing the associated costs of outsourcing goods. Outsourcing is highly beneficial for any company that values building upon its core competencies, but the emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic and other crises have exposed significant vulnerabilities within supply chains. These disruptions forced a shift in the production of goods from outsourcing to domestic methods.
This paper considers a multi-echelon supply chain model with global and domestic raw material suppliers, manufacturing plants, warehouses, and markets. All levels within the supply chain network are evaluated from a holistic perspective, calculating a total cost for all levels with embedded risk. We formulate the problem as a mixed-integer linear model programmed in Excel Solver linear to solve smaller optimization problems. Then, we create a Tabu Search algorithm that solves problems of any size. Excel Solver considers three small-scale supply chain networks of varying sizes, one of which maximizes the decision variables the software can handle. In comparison, the Tabu Search program, programmed in Python, solves an additional ten larger-scaled supply chain networks. Tabu Search’s capabilities illustrate its scalability and replicability.
A quadratic multi-regression analysis interprets the input parameters (iterations, neighbors, and tabu list size) associated with total supply chain cost and run time. The analysis shows iterations and neighbors to minimize total supply chain cost, while the interaction between iterations x neighbors increases the run time exponentially. Therefore, increasing the number of iterations and neighbors will increase run time but provide a more optimal result for total supply chain cost. Tabu Search’s input parameters should be set high in almost every practical case to achieve the most optimal result.
This work is the first to incorporate risk and outsourcing into a multi-echelon supply chain, solved using an exact (Excel Solver) and metaheuristic (Tabu Search) solution methodology. From a practical case, managers can visualize supply chain networks of any size and variation to estimate the total supply chain cost in a relatively short time. Supply chain managers can identify suppliers and pick specific suppliers based on cost or risk. Lastly, they can adjust for risk according to external or internal risk factors.
Future research directions include expanding or simplifying the supply chain network design, considering multiple parts, and considering scrap or defective products. In addition, one could incorporate a multi-product dynamic planning horizon supply chain. Overall, considering a hybrid method combining Tabu Search with genetic algorithms, particle swarm optimization, simulated annealing, CPLEX, GUROBI, or LINGO, could provide better results in a faster computational time.
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Eseryel, Deniz. "Expert conceptualizations of the domain of instructional design an investigative study on the deep assessment methodology for complex problem-solving outcomes /." Related electronic resource: Current Research at SU : database of SU dissertations, recent titles available full text, 2006. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU0NWQmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=3739.
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Sosa, José Mário Brunelli. "Resolução de problemas – uma metodologia no primeiro período de um curso de administração: possibilidades e limitações na prática educativa em matemática." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2011. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3473.
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Neste trabalho investigam-se as possibilidades e limitações da Metodologia de Ensino e Aprendizagem de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas por meio da dinâmica das situações – problema. Utilizou-se exemplos e aplicações que simulassem a realidade da atividade profissional de um administrador, na prática educativa em Matemática, em uma turma do primeiro período do Curso de Administração, noturno, da Faculdade Machado Sobrinho em Juiz de Fora. A metodologia aplicada foi a pesquisa-ação, na qual o pesquisador deve orientar a linha de pesquisa em função da resolução de problemas ou de objetivos de transformação, através de uma ação. A estrutura da pesquisa-ação possibilita uma relação entre pesquisadores e pessoas da situação investigada de uma maneira participativa. Os resultados apontam para uma mudança na dinâmica da sala de aula. As aulas, sem dúvidas, tornam-se mais dinâmicas e mais envolventes. O aluno se sente mais valorizado, mais participante dos processos de ensino e de aprendizagem.
This work investigates the possibilities and limitations of the Methodology of Teaching and Learning Mathematics Through Problem Solving through the dynamics of problem-situations . We used examples and applications that simulate the reality of the professional activity of an administrator in Educational Mathematics practice, in the class of the first period of the Course of Administration at Machado Sobrinho Faculty in Juiz de Fora. The methodology used was action research, in which the researcher should guide the line of research according to the solution of problems or goals of transformation, through an action. The structure of action research provides a link between researchers and people in the investigated situation in a participatory manner. The results indicate a change in the dynamics of the classroom. The classes, without doubt, become involving and more dynamic. The student feels more valued, sharing the teaching and learning process.
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Maçumoto, Martha Caputo Savino Santolia Cancela. "Metodologia de projetos: estratégias para o ensino de matemática no ensino fundamental II." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/97/97138/tde-03122018-174307/.
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A Metodologia de Projetos tem sido uma estratégia de ensino e aprendizagem que vem ganhando espaço na educação ao longo dos anos. Muitos, porém, trabalham com essa metodologia de forma equivocada, acreditando que contextualizar é usar o meio em que o aluno está inserido como cenário dos exercícios dados em sala de aula, como futebol ou atividade com coleção de figurinhas. O resultado significativo da utilização desta metodologia de ensino acontece quando o aluno vive o problema que deve resolver, ou seja, quando se torna o protagonista da sua resolução. Desta forma, o projeto desenvolvido por alunos do 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de um colégio particular de uma cidade localizada no Vale do Paraíba, interior de São Paulo, foi resolver problemas de matemática com o fim de arrecadar verba para o Asilo, instituição da mesma cidade. Além de trabalhar a resolução de problemas matemáticos reais para a arrecadação, conviveram com idosos, e estabeleceram com eles uma questão de cunho social, que desenvolveu a cidadania entre eles. Assim, a pergunta que direciona a pesquisa é: \"A Metodologia de Projetos, como estratégia de ensino, favorece a aprendizagem de matemática de forma efetiva?\". Durante todo percurso do projeto observou-se que os alunos desenvolveram habilidades de interpretação e resolução de problemas de matemática, e ainda pôde-se notar o amadurecimento de atitudes de cidadania e respeito entre eles.The Project Methodology has been a strategy of teaching and learning that has been gaining space in education over the years more and more. However, many works with this methodology are in the wrong way, believing that contextualizing is to use the student\'s environment as the setting for classroom exercises, such as football or a collection of cards. The significant result of the use of this teaching methodology happens when the student lives the problem that must solve, that is, when he becomes the protagonist of the problem solving. In this way, the project developed by students of the 6th year of elementary school of a private school in the city located in the Paraíba Valley, São Paulo, was to solve problems of mathematics in order to raise money for the Asylum, institution of the same city. In addition to working to solve real mathematical problems for collection, they had the experience of working with the elderly, a social issue, which developed citizenship among them. Thus, the research question is: \"Does the Project Methodology, as a teaching strategy, favor the learning of mathematics effectively?\". Throughout the course of the project it was observed that students have been able to develop mathematical problem solving and problem solving skills, and the maturity of citizenship attitudes and respect among them can be noted.
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Pelixo, Dário Miguel da Silva. "CPPS-3D: a methodology to support cyber physical production systems design, development and deployment." Master's thesis, Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal. Escola Superior de Tecnologia de Setúbal, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.26/31368.
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Master’s dissertation in Production EngineeringCyber-Physical Production Systems are widely recognized as the key to unlock the full potential benefits of the Industry 4.0 paradigm. Cyber-Physical Production Systems Design, Development and Deployment methodology is a systematic approach in assessing necessities, identifying gaps and then designing, developing and deploying solutions to fill such gaps. It aims to support and drive enterprise’s evolution to the new working environment promoted by the availability of Industry 4.0 paradigms and technologies while challenged by the need to increment a continuous improvement culture. The proposed methodology considers the different dimensions within enterprises related with their levels of organization, competencies and technology. It is a two-phased sequentially-stepped process to enable discussion, reflection/reasoning, decision-making and action-taking towards evolution. The first phase assesses an enterprise across its Organizational, Technological and Human dimensions. The second phase establishes sequential tasks to successfully deploy solutions. Is was applied to a production section at a Portuguese enterprise with the development of a new visual management system to enable shop floor management. This development is presented as an example of Industry 4.0 technology and it promotes a faster decision-making, better production management, improved data availability as well as fosters more dynamic workplaces with enhanced reactivity to problems.
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Pietzcker, Frank. "Konstruktion lehren - Wirkung einer konstruktionsmethodischen Ausbildung auf das Konstruieren bei Studenten und Konstrukteuren." Doctoral thesis, Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2004. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:swb:14-1102337821968-89367.
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Studenten und Konstrukteure mit verschiedener konstruktionsmethodischer Ausbildung wurden bezüglich ihres Vorgehens beim Konstruieren und ihrer Konstruktionsleistungen untersucht. Dabei zeigte sich, dass die Wirkung der Ausbildung für drei Teilleistungen (Konzepte erstellen, Konzepte bewerten, Entwürfe erstellen) verschieden ist. Für die konstruktionsmethodischen Empfehlungen für die frühen Phasen wird eine neue Konzeption vorgeschlagen. Der Einfluss kognitiver Variablen (Arbeitsgedächtnis, heuristische Kompetenz, Interferenz) wurde untersucht.
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Ibrahim, Najib Bin. "Development of the methodology for the measurement of the indoor pollutants in problem-solving research : as applied to the assessment of health hazards in office buildings." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.321750.
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Trindade, Deoclecia de Andrade. "Entendimento(s) sobre o uso da resolução de problemas matemáticos : o caso de professores de matemática do 6º ao 9º ano da rede municipal de Aracaju-SE." Universidade Federal de Sergipe, 2012. https://ri.ufs.br/handle/riufs/5213.
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This article presents the results of a survey whose main theme was the teacher s understanding concerning the use of solving of mathematical problems. The aim of this research was to analyze the uses that the Mathematics teachers of the municipal schools in Aracaju do of the different types of Mathematical problems, looking for references of Solving Problems as methodology. To achieve this purpose, it was taken as a starting point a selection of Mathematical problems extracted from A Conquista da Matemática by Giovanni Jr e Castrucci (2009). These books were taken as criteria to the selection of teachers, partners of the research, since this book is adopted in sixteen out of twenty municipal schools. The selected teachers were consulted through semi-structured interviews. The theoretical support was based on the understanding defended by Onuchic (1998, 1999, 2008) and Pereira (2004 ), denominated Solving Problems as methodology; on Chapman s (1999) for the interaction symbols in the search for evidence of Solving Problems as methodology. Polya (1978), Dante (2005) and D Amore (2007) defined what typing is and what is called Mathematical Problems. From the data collected through interviews with fifteen Mathematics teachers from Aracaju, it is possible to assert that most of the teachers use Mathematical problems as a resource, after working the contents in an expository way, which are used predominantly in the problems of recognition and algorithm. However, these same teachers, when asked about the classroom management, about the teacher s and student s role, declare that they are aware that the standard problems and the application of puzzles are the most suitable to promote the interaction between student-student and student-teacher and the most appropriate to reorganize the geography of the classroom. That is, the most recommended to be taken as the starting point for the Mathematical activities and not for the fixation of the contents. Because of this, it s possible to assert that, in the case of the teachers from Aracaju, predominantly, it was just possible to identify the partial application of the aspects of an approach of the Solving Problems as methodology to work with Mathematical contents.Neste trabalho é apresentado o resultado de uma pesquisa que teve como temática principal o(s) entendimento(s) de professores sobre o uso da resolução de problemas matemáticos. Dito de outra forma, o objetivo da pesquisa foi analisar os usos que professores de Matemática da rede municipal de Aracaju fazem de diferentes tipos de problemas matemáticos em busca de indícios da Resolução de Problema como Metodologia. Para alcançar tal intento, foi tomada como ponto de partida uma seleção de problemas matemáticos retirados de livros da coleção A Conquista da Matemática de autoria de Giovanni Jr e Castrucci (2009). Livros esses que também foram tomados como critério para a seleção dos professores, parceiros da pesquisa, uma vez que o referido livro é adotado em dezesseis de um total de vinte escolas da rede municipal. Como suporte teórico foi feita a apropriação do entendimento defendido por Onuchic (1998, 1999, 2008) e Pereira (2004) para o que foi denominado de Resolução de Problemas como Metodologia; de Chapman (1999) para os símbolos de interação na busca de indícios da Resolução de Problemas como Metodologia. Polya (1978), Dante (2005) e D Amore (2007) para definir a tipificação e o que é denominado problema matemático. A partir dos dados coletados, por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas com quinze professores de Matemática dos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental de Aracaju, é possível afirmar que, a maioria utiliza os problemas matemáticos como um recurso, após abordar o conteúdo de forma expositiva. No entanto, se for considerado a organização da sala de aula, o papel do aluno e do professor com o uso de diferentes tipos de problemas, os professores indicam estar cientes que os problemas padrão, de aplicação e quebra-cabeça são os mais indicados para reorganizar a geografia da sala de aula, e para promover a interação entre aluno-aluno e aluno-professor. Além de serem os que podem contribuir mais facilmente para que o professor desenvolva as funções de orientador, mediador e organizador e o aluno desenvolva a autonomia e o senso crítico. Características que podem ser consideradas como próprias da Resolução de Problemas como Metodologia. Ou seja, os professores apontam os tipos de problemas que são os mais indicados para serem tomados como ponto de partida para a atividade matemática e não apenas para a fixação de conteúdos. Por conta disso, é permitido afirmar que, no caso dos professores aracajuanos, é possível identificar indícios, ainda que reduzidos, da aplicação da Resolução de Problemas como Metodologia.
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Boccardo, Mateus Eduardo [UNESP]. "Sistemas lineares: aplicações e propostas de aula usando a metodologia de resolução de problemas e o software GeoGebra." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/151922.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
Sistemas Lineares, mais precisamente, Sistemas de Equações Lineares, é ferramenta útil para a resolução de vários problemas práticos e importantes, por exemplo, problemas relacionados a tráfego de veículos, balanceamento de equações químicas, cálculo de uma alimentação diária equilibrada, circuitos elétricos e interpolação polinomial. Neste trabalho abordamos o conteúdo Sistemas Lineares, seus métodos de resolução, algumas de suas inúmeras aplicações, bem como a interpretação geométrica do conjunto solução de sistemas lineares em duas ou três variáveis. Apresentamos também, uma análise de como esse assunto é tratado em alguns documentos oficiais de ensino. Por fim, são expostas duas Propostas de Aula que foram elaboradas para alunos do Ensino Básico, uma para ser desenvolvida usando a Resolução de Problemas como metodologia de ensino (na abordagem de problemas sobre sistemas lineares) e outra, sobre a Interpretação Geométrica do conjunto solução de Sistemas Lineares, para ser realizada na Sala de Informática, utilizando o software GeoGebra.
Linear System, more precisely, System of Linear Equations, is a useful tool for their solution of several practical and important problems, for example problems related to vehicle traffic, balancing of chemical equations, elaboration healthy daily diet, electrical circuits and polynomial interpolation. In this work, we study Linear System, its methods of resolution, some of its numerous applications, as well as the geometric interpretation of the solution set of linear system in two or three variables. We also present an analysis of how this subject is treated in some official teaching documents. Finally, we present two Class Proposals that are elaborated for Basic Education students, one to be developed using Problem Solving as a teaching methodology (in the approach to problems on linear system) and another, on the Geometric Interpretation of the solution set of Linear System, to be held in the Computer Laboratory, using GeoGebra software.
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Melo, Myllena Cândida de. "A residência como cenário educativo para enfermeiros: o uso da metodologia da problematização." Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2013. https://app.uff.br/riuff/handle/1/1232.
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Mestrado Profissional em Ensino na Saúde
A aplicação da metodologia da problematização no processo de ensino-aprendizagem e nas relações estabelecidas durante as atividades de uma residência pode contribuir para que o aluno se descubra enquanto ser integral e como parte de uma totalidade, resgatando seus conhecimentos e aplicando-os à realidade, aprendendo assim de modo significativo. Isto possibilita formar profissionais mais preparados para o trabalho em equipe e para a integralidade da atenção à saúde, capazes de continuar a aprender durante a vida profissional (AGUILAR-DA-SILVA; ROCHA JUNIOR, 2010). OBJETIVO: Primário - Analisar a aplicação da metodologia da problematização no ensino de residentes de Enfermagem de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia. Secundários - Identificar as dimensões de problemas vivenciados pelos residentes de Enfermagem de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia; Discutir possíveis avanços na construção do conhecimento sobre os problemas vivenciados pelos residentes de Enfermagem de um Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia com base na aplicação da metodologia da problematização. METODOLOGIA: Trata-se de uma pesquisa descritiva com abordagem qualitativa, desenvolvida em um hospital ensino da rede pública do Rio de Janeiro, que oferece o Programa de Residência Multiprofissional em Oncologia, onde os participantes da pesquisa foram residentes de Enfermagem deste programa, ingressos no ano de 2012. O projeto foi submetido e aprovado por Comitê de Ética reconhecido no CNS, registro CAAE - 0062.0.153.000-10, processo nº 1236/2010. Desta forma segue todos os quesitos éticos. A coleta de dados foi embasada nas etapas do arco de Maguerez (observação da realidade – pontos-chave – teorização – hipóteses de solução – aplicação à realidade), e posteriormente analisados segundo Bardin. RESULTADOS: Os dados foram analisados em duas categorias temáticas: A prática assistencial da Enfermagem como cenário no processo ensino-aprendizagem e Metodologia da Problematização: estratégia de ensino para a autonomia do residente de Enfermagem. Quanto aos participantes percebeu-se um grupo jovem, com pouco tempo de formado e possível inexperiência profissional enquanto enfermeiros, entretanto participativo, interessado e disposto a discutir questões de seu cotidiano, onde trouxeram como base para o debate a situação-problema “A desestrutura da residência com foco na preceptoria”. O grupo como um todo levantou questionamentos abrangendo várias dimensões do problema, desde sua concepção conceitual, histórica, perpassando a jurídica, operacional, econômica até a emocional/afetiva, além de construírem soluções ou pelo menos preposições para solução do mesmo. Durante o debate, os participantes identificaram também fatores potencializadores e limitantes da preceptoria no programa em questão. PRODUTO: Tendo como iminente anseio transmitido pelo grupo, seu acolhimento e treinamento no cenário prático por parte dos preceptores e equipe de saúde em geral, este estudo traz como produto e contribuição à construção de um protocolo de ensino prático do novo residente no cenário da residência, partindo desde seu acolhimento e ambiência, perpassando o planejamento e implementação dos cuidados de Enfermagem a partir de situações-problema até a avaliação de todo o processo. CONCLUSÃO: A partir da aplicação da problematização, percebeu-se o acréscimo de conhecimento do grupo, advindo do potencial para o estímulo à autonomia dos sujeitos, onde os mesmos aprendem por meio da investigação e reflexão crítica de seus objetivos de aprendizagem, relacionando-os a realidade e por conseguinte, transformando-a. Assim, a metodologia da problematização emerge como uma estratégia pedagógica, por aproximar o ensino à realidade, onde indivíduos de diferentes contextos sociais interagem intercambiando saberes e experiências, ressignificando conceitos e valores, refletindo sobre a realidade, repensando pontos problemáticos, pesquisando, questionando, teorizando e buscando soluções para alteração, transformação da realidade vivida, através da reflexão, mas principalmente da ação.
The application of the methodology of problematization in the teaching - learning and the relationships established during the activities of a residence can contribute to the student to discover while being full and as part of a whole, rescuing their knowledge and applying them to reality, learning so significantly. This enables training professionals better prepared for teamwork and for comprehensive health care, able to continue to learn throughout their professional life (AGUILAR -DA - SILVA; ROCK JUNIOR, 2010). OBJECTIVE: Primary - To evaluate the application of the methodology of problematization in teaching nursing residents from Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Oncology. Secondaries - Identify the dimensions of the problems experienced by nursing residents from Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Oncology; Discuss possible advances in the construction of knowledge about the problems experienced by nursing residents from Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Oncology, based on the application of the methodology of problematization. METHODOLOGY: This was a descriptive with approach qualitative, developed in a public teaching hospital in Rio de Janeiro, offering the Multidisciplinary Residency Program in Oncology, where the participants were nursing residents of this program, has entered in year 2012. The project was approved by the Ethics Committee acknowledged the CNS, record CAAE - 0062.0.153.000-10, process nº 1236/2010. The legal ethical aspects were attended. Collecting data was based on the steps of arc Maguerez (observation of reality - key points - theory - possible solutions - application to reality), and subsequently analyzed according to Bardin, the elaboration of thematic categories. RESULTS: The data were analyzed in two themes: The practice of nursing care as a setting in the teaching- learning and methodology of problematization: teaching strategy for the autonomy of the resident of Nursing. As for the participants noticed a young group, with small training time and possible professional inexperience as nurses, participatory however, interested and willing to discuss issues of their daily lives, which brought as a basis for discussion the problem situation " The destructures the residence with focus in the preceptorship". The group as a whole raised questions covering various dimensions of the problem, since its dimension conceptual, historical, going through the legal, operational, economic to the emotional/affective, and build solutions or at least prepositions for the same solution. During the discussion, participants also identified potential and limiting factors the preceptorship of this program in question. PRODUCT: Having as imminent wish transmitted by the group, their reception and training in the practical setting by the preceptors and health professionals in general, this study brings the product and contribution to the construction of a practical teaching protocol new resident in the scenario of residence, starting from his reception and ambience, passing the planning and implementation of nursing care from problem situations to the evaluation of the whole process. CONCLUSION: From the application of questioning, it was noticed the increase of knowledge of the group, coming from the potential for stimulating the autonomy of individuals, where they learn through research and critical reflection of their learning objectives, linking them reality and thus transforming it. Thus, the problem methodology emerges as a pedagogical strategy for teaching approach to reality, where individuals from different social contexts interact by exchanging knowledge and experiences, redefines concepts and values, reflecting on reality, rethinking trouble spots, researching, questioning, theorizing and seeking solutions for change, transformation of the reality through reflection, but mostly the action.
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Warren, Scott Joseph. "A Multi-Methodology Study of the Historic Impact of Soft Systems Methodology and Its Associated Data Visualization Approach in the Context of Operations and Business Strategy." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2018. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1404615/.
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The purpose of this three-essay dissertation was to expand knowledge and theory regarding soft systems methodologies (SSMs) and data visualization approaches in business, engineering, and other social sciences. The first essay depicts a bibliometric analysis study of the historic impacts of SSM from 1980-2018 on business, engineering, and other social sciences fields. This study found 285 articles that described or employed SSM for research and included outcomes such as top SSM authors, author citation impacts, common dissemination outlets, time-bound distribution of publications, and other relevant findings. This study provided a picture of who, what, why, when, and where SSM has had the greatest impact on academic thought and practice. The second essay presents research on the academic impact of Systemigrams, an associated data visualization approach, finding examples of conceptual or research development that employed Systemigrams to depict complex problem situations. Recommendations for improvement of designing these data visualizations to increase their field use resulted from this study. The final essay leverages a selection of the articles as use cases to produce a grounded theory study to identify phenomena that arose from the use of SSM for operations and firm strategy research. This study identified two broad themes including (i) scope, structure, and process challenges and (ii) performance and evaluation limitations. These themes were explained by six patterns that emerged from the publications. Each produced change recommendations for SSM process, practice, and reporting to support its continued viability and adoption in business and operations research.
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Menezes, Wisney Adriano de. "Relato de experiência com os métodos tradicional e de resolução de problemas no ensino da Matemática para alunos da 3ª série do ensino médio." Universidade Federal de Goiás, 2018. http://repositorio.bc.ufg.br/tede/handle/tede/8512.
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In the proposal of methodological analysis of the teaching of mathematics at the basic level, a work is developed in High School, with the third grade. Such a choice is justified by the weight and responsibility of these groups to complete this phase of education. These classes are evaluated internally as a form of school approval, and externally as a statistic of the government system for the presentation of educational indexes. The bibliographical and field research aim to observe and validate the report between the applied methodologies: traditional and problem solving. Make a comparison between the content-transmitting teacher or mediating teacher and the student receiving or interpreting questions before resolving them. The methodological application is done in two groups of students in a same period of the academic year in the theme of Analytical Geometry, the results are presented in a tabulated evaluation and described in this dissertation, followed by a questionnaire evaluation applied to give consistency to the research with the reports of the students. These results lead to a final analysis of methodological proposals of mathematics teaching. Finally, it is proposed as methodology the hybrid study, it is possible to insert and compare with proposals of other methods and new studies. The results show a tendency to use the alternative methodology through data and reports collected.
Na proposta de análise metodológica do ensino de matemática no nível básico, desenvolve-se um trabalho no Ensino Médio, com a terceira série. Justifica-se tal escolha ao peso e responsabilidade que essas turmas têm em concluir essa fase do ensino. Essas turmas são avaliadas internamente como forma de aprovação escolar, e externamente como estatística do sistema governamental de apresentação de índices educacionais. A pesquisa bibliográfica e de campo visam observar e validar o relato entre as metodologias aplicadas: tradicional e resoluções de problemas. Faz uma comparação entre o docente transmissor de conteúdos ou professor mediador e do discente receptor ou intérprete de questões antes de resolvê-las. A aplicação metodológica é feita em dois grupos de alunos em um mesmo período do ano letivo no tema de Geometria Analítica, os resultados são apresentados em uma avaliação tabulada e descrita nessa dissertação, seguido de uma avaliação de questionário aplicado para dar consistência à pesquisa com os relatos dos discentes. Tais resultados levam a uma análise final de propostas metodológicas do ensino da matemática. Finalmente propõe-se como metodologia o estudo híbrido, cria-se possibilidade de inserções e comparações com propostas de outros métodos e novos estudos. Os resultados mostram uma tendência a utilização da metodologia alternativa através de dados e relatos colhidos.
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Queiroz, Jonas Marques dos Santos. "Resolução de problemas da pré-álgebra e álgebra para fundamental II do ensino básico com auxílio do modelo de barras." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2014. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4473.
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Previous issue date: 2014-10-17The difficulties in learning and teaching of algebra can be detected in the school cycle 4 (8th and 9th grades) of the Elementary School II and throughout High School, such difficulties being present in all Brazilian schools. These difficulties arise from an institutional failure, in others words, in the transition from arithmetic to algebra, in the phase of pre-algebra which occurs at cycle 3 ( 6th and 7th grades) of the Elementary School II. When this transition is unsatisfactory this compromises the subsequent studies making the students feel not motivated in learning the content of algebra. Therefore, in this research project we planned and executed 6 (six) activities based on the methodology of Problem Solving based on the phases proposed by George Polya, along with the methodology of the Bar Model from Singapore Mathematics. The activities were carried out in seventh grade classrooms of Elementary School II of Instituto Educacional Estilo , Campinas, SP. The results of this dissertation suggests to teachers of Elementary School II didactical sequences of activities that they can use and enjoy in classroom practices, so that they can improve also their teaching and learning, contributing to the development of the students. With the objective of achieving a satisfactory transition from arithmetic to algebra, the activities were developed and based on problems solving, and then analyzed critically using the Problem Solving steps. After 6 (six) activities, we applied a diagnostic evaluation in order to analyze the results and to check if the activities contributed to a meaningful learning of algebra. The dissertation presents a theoretical study about teaching and learning algebra as well as a study on the methodologies of Problem Solving in classroom practice and Bar Model from Singapore Mathematics.
As dificuldades na aprendizagem e no ensino da álgebra podem ser constatadas no ciclo 4 (8º Ano e 9º Ano) do Ensino Fundamental II e também em todo o Ensino Médio, tais dificuldades estão presentes em todas as escolas brasileiras. Essas dificuldades são decorrentes de uma falha na introdução, ou seja, na transição da aritmética para a álgebra, a pré-álgebra que ocorre no final do ciclo 3 (6º Ano e 7º Ano) do Ensino Fundamental II, já que feita de maneira não satisfatória pode comprometer as aulas seguintes fazendo com que os alunos se sintam desmotivados a aprenderem o conteúdo de álgebra. Deste modo foram planejadas e executadas 6 (seis) atividades utilizando a metodologia de Resolução de Problemas seguindo as etapas de George Polya, juntamente com a metodologia do Modelo de Barras segundo a Filosofia da Matemática de Singapura. As atividades foram aplicadas em duas turmas do sétimo ano do Ensino Fundamental II, no colégio Instituto Educacional Estilo, Campinas, SP. O trabalho desenvolvido nesta dissertação proporciona aos professores do Ensino Fundamental II e Ensino Médio uma sequência didática, que podem utilizar e aproveitar em suas aulas de forma que possam também melhorar em suas práticas de ensino e aprendizagens, de maneira a contribuir para o desenvolvimento de seus alunos. Com o objetivo de realizar uma transição satisfatória da aritmética para álgebra, as atividades foram elaboradas e baseadas na resolução de problemas, e depois analisadas criticamente por meio das etapas de resolução. Após as 6 (seis) atividades, aplicamos uma avaliação diagnóstica de forma a analisar os resultados para verificar se as atividades contribuíram com significado para uma aprendizagem da álgebra. O trabalho apresenta um estudo teórico sobre o ensino e aprendizagem da álgebra e também apresenta um estudo sobre as metodologias desenvolvidas no trabalho, Resolução de Problemas e Modelo de Barras segundo a Filosofia da Matemática de Singapura.
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Vallilo, Sabrina Aparecida Martins [UNESP]. "A linguagem matemática no estudo de números racionais: uma abordagem através da resolução de problemas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/154226.
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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo investigar como que a Linguagem Vernácula e a Linguagem Matemática contribuem no trabalho com números racionais quando se faz uso da Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida seguindo a Metodologia Científica de Romberg-Onuchic apresentada por Onuchic e Noguti (2014). Apresentamos a fundamentação teórica desta pesquisa a partir de três variáveis-chave (Resolução de Problemas, Linguagem Vernácula e Linguagem Matemática, Números Racionais). Procuramos investigar de que forma as Linguagens Vernácula e Matemática contribuem para o trabalho com as diferentes personalidades do número racional visando a aprendizagem e a avaliação do aluno ao se adotar a Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas. Para tanto, estabelecemos como procedimentos da pesquisa a elaboração de um Projeto e sua aplicação em uma turma de 6º ano do Ensino Fundamental de uma escola estadual da rede pública de ensino da cidade de Rio Claro - SP. Esse Projeto envolve o ensino de algumas personalidades do número racional apresentadas por Botta e Onuchic (1997) como ponto racional, fração e quociente. Percebemos que o trabalho do professor de incentivar os alunos a entenderem os significados das palavras presentes nos enunciados dos problemas que envolvem números racionais, possibilita que eles compreendam e escrevam usando da linguagem vernácula para que possam dominar a linguagem matemática corretamente.
This research aims to inquiry how the native language and the mathematical language contribute in the work with rational numbers when we carry out a practice in the Teaching - Learning - Assessment Methodology of Mathematics through Problem Solving. That study was developed with the scientific methodology of research of Romberg - Onuchic as pointed out by Onuchic and Noguti (2014). We came out our theoretical tenants in three variables - key, such that: Problem Solving, native language and mathematical language, an d rational numbers. We had looked for following up from which ways the native language and mathematical language can contribute to the educational work with the different personalities of rational numbers in the use of methodology on Problem Solving. There fore, we had pointed out as research procedures the figuring out of a project and its application at a 6 th grade of the E lementary School in a State Public School of the City of Rio Claro – SP. This project encompasses the teaching of some personalities of the rational numbers, such that: rational point, fractions and quotient presented by Botta and Onuchic (1997). Within that work, we can perceive that the mathematic’s teacher’s work with the practical methodology of Teaching - Learning - Assessment through Pr oblem Solving end up allow ing that actors of that cenary can understand and write finding out the native language to hold upon the mathematical language correctly and properly.
CNPq: 132558/2016-5.
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Oliveira, Sandra Alves de. "Resolução de problemas na formação continuada e em aulas de matemática nos anos iniciais." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/2635.
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Previous issue date: 2012-03-03This text reports a descriptive and interpretative research that analyzed challenges, dilemmas, knowledge and learning that were present in the process of continuing professional education of a group of sixteen Early Years teachers who attended an extension activity - "Mathematics in the Early Years: Program of Continuing Professional Education for Early Years Teachers from the Municipal Secretary of Education of São Carlos" - during the first semester of 2011, while studying and using the methodology of problem solving in mathematics lessons. The theoretical references that support this research are based on studies about problem solving and teacher education. The organization of the team/group that was involved in the continuing professional education activity founded the study. The continuing education program occurred in a perspective of collaborative work. Empirical data were constructed using a questionnaire, semi-structured interviews, audio and video records, written material, a reflective field journal elaborated by the participating teachers and the researcher, who worked as a trainer and observed the actions of the teachers in mathematics lessons. The data analysis indicates that the collaborative work approach helped the teachers to review knowledge and concepts about problem solving in mathematics lessons and implement more meaningful practices in their classes. The activities that were developed and created in the continuing education program gave the necessary contribution so that the sixteen participating teachers had the possibility to use, in their mathematics classes in Early Years education, the methodology of problem solving according to the perspective of Van de Walle, Onuchic, Vila and Callejo. The process of training was important because it valued the teaching knowledge and learning and enabled the teachers to build and rebuild other ones, express their experiences, their feelings about their practices and their interest in the development of problem solving methodology in teaching and learning of mathematics in the Early Years; understand the theoretical and practical knowledge in teaching and learning of mathematics and/or give them a new meaning. This knowledge contributed for the practical application of problem solving methodology in mathematics classes in Early Years Education.
Este texto relata uma pesquisa de natureza descritiva e interpretativa, que analisou desafios, dilemas, saberes e aprendizagens presentes no processo de formação continuada com um grupo de 16 professores dos anos iniciais, participantes de uma atividade de extensão - ACIEPE: A Matemática nos Anos Iniciais: Programa de Formação Contínua de Professores dos Anos Iniciais da Secretaria Municipal de Educação de São Carlos - durante o primeiro semestre de 2011, ao estudarem e utilizarem a metodologia da resolução de problemas nas aulas de matemática. Os referenciais teóricos que embasaram a investigação estão ancorados nos estudos a respeito da resolução de problemas e da formação de professores. A organização da equipe/grupo que participou da formação continuada alicerçou a pesquisa. A formação continuada se deu numa perspectiva de trabalho colaborativo. Os dados empíricos foram construídos através de questionário, entrevistas semiestruturadas, registro em áudio e vídeo, material escrito, diário de campo reflexivo produzido pelos professores participantes e pela pesquisadora, que atuou como formadora e acompanhou ações dos professores nas aulas de matemática. A análise dos dados indica que a abordagem do tipo trabalho colaborativo contribuiu para que os professores participantes ressignificassem saberes e concepções sobre resolução de problemas nas aulas de matemática e implementassem práticas mais significativas em suas aulas. As atividades desenvolvidas e criadas na formação continuada contribuíram para que os 16 professores participantes utilizassem, nas suas aulas de matemática dos anos iniciais, a metodologia da resolução de problemas na perspectiva apontada por Van de Walle, Onuchic, Vila e Callejo. O processo da formação foi importante porque valorizou os saberes e as aprendizagens docentes e possibilitou aos professores construir e reconstruir outros; expressar suas experiências, seus sentimentos em relação às suas práticas e seus desejos para o desenvolvimento da metodologia da resolução de problemas no ensino e na aprendizagem de matemática nos anos iniciais; apropriar-se dos conhecimentos teóricos e práticos no processo ensino-aprendizagem da matemática e/ou ressignificá-los. Esses conhecimentos contribuíram para a prática da metodologia da resolução de problemas em aulas de matemática dos anos iniciais.
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Schneider, Thomas [Verfasser], and A. [Akademischer Betreuer] Albers. "Methode zur Erstellung von Problemlösungsmodellen auf Basis des SPALTEN-Prozesses in komplexen Entwicklungsprozessen = Method for modelling problem solving processes based on the SPALTEN methodology in the environment of complex product development / Thomas Schneider ; Betreuer: A. Albers." Karlsruhe : KIT-Bibliothek, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1235072525/34.
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Souza, Analucia Castro Pimenta de. "Análise combinatória no ensino médio apoiada na metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação de matemática através da resolução de problemas /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91047.
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Orientador: Lourdes de la Rosa OnuchicBanca: Rosana Giaretta Sguerra Miskulin
Banca: Raquel Normandia Moreira Brumatti
Resumo: Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo trabalhar a Análise Combinatória, fazendo uso da Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas. Abordamos, em nossa fundamentação teórica, a Análise Combinatória contida na Matemática Discreta, iniciando a pesquisa com uma introdução histórica da Análise Combinatória, seguida por uma análise de livros didáticos e pela busca de trabalhos de outros autores que se referiam ao ensino e à aprendizagem desse conteúdo. Criamos três projetos para trabalhar com a metodologia de ensino adotada por nós, em três cenários diferentes, onde a pesquisadora assumiu três posturas diferentes frente ao problema da pesquisa: como uma professora-pesquisadora, com seus próprios alunos, em sua sala de aula; como uma pesquisadora, ministrando uma oficina de trabalho, em um encontro de Educação Matemática, tendo como participantes, professores, educadores matemáticos e até alunos da Licenciatura em Matemática; e, como uma pesquisadora, em Encontros em Educação Matemática, divulgando sua pesquisa. Através da análise dos dados, obtidos nas aplicações dos três projetos, pudemos mostrar como os participantes desses projetos se envolveram ao fazer uso da metodologia de ensino adotada e relatamos as contribuições que trouxeram para nossa pesquisa. Verificamos que houve envolvimento ativo dos participantes na construção de novos conceitos e conteúdos, através da resolução dos problemas propostos, por meio de um trabalho investigativo, que proporcionou uma aprendizagem com compreensão e significado, com resultados importantes para a prática docente. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida seguindo a Metodologia de Pesquisa apresentada por Thomas A. Romberg.
Abstract: This paper has the objective to study the Combinatory Analysis using Methodology of Teaching-Learning-Assessment of Mathematics through Problem Solving. In our theoretical fundamentation we address the Combinatory Analysis contained in the Discrete Mathematics, starting the research with a historical introduction of the Combinatory Analysis followed by a review of textbooks and the search for other author's articles concerning this content's teaching and learning. We have developed three projects to apply the teaching methodology we adopted in three different settings, where the researcher played three distinct roles facing the research's problem: a) as a teacher-researcher, with her own students in her own classroom; b) as a researcher, conducting a workshop in a Mathematical Education conference, with teachers, mathematics educators and graduate students; c) as a researcher, in Mathematics Education Conferences divulgating her research. By analyzing all the data obtained in the application of the three projects we could show how the participants were engaged in using the adopted teaching methodology and we also reported the contributions they have brought to our research. We could verify that there was significant involvement from all the participants in the construction of new concepts and contents by solving the proposed problems in an investigative way, providing a different learning, full of understanding and meaning, with very significant results in terms of teaching practice. This research was developed following the Research Methodology presented by Thomas A. Romberg.
Mestre
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Souza, Analucia Castro Pimenta de [UNESP]. "Análise combinatória no ensino médio apoiada na metodologia de ensino-aprendizagem-avaliação de matemática através da resolução de problemas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/91047.
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Esta pesquisa tem como objetivo trabalhar a Análise Combinatória, fazendo uso da Metodologia de Ensino-Aprendizagem-Avaliação de Matemática através da Resolução de Problemas. Abordamos, em nossa fundamentação teórica, a Análise Combinatória contida na Matemática Discreta, iniciando a pesquisa com uma introdução histórica da Análise Combinatória, seguida por uma análise de livros didáticos e pela busca de trabalhos de outros autores que se referiam ao ensino e à aprendizagem desse conteúdo. Criamos três projetos para trabalhar com a metodologia de ensino adotada por nós, em três cenários diferentes, onde a pesquisadora assumiu três posturas diferentes frente ao problema da pesquisa: como uma professora-pesquisadora, com seus próprios alunos, em sua sala de aula; como uma pesquisadora, ministrando uma oficina de trabalho, em um encontro de Educação Matemática, tendo como participantes, professores, educadores matemáticos e até alunos da Licenciatura em Matemática; e, como uma pesquisadora, em Encontros em Educação Matemática, divulgando sua pesquisa. Através da análise dos dados, obtidos nas aplicações dos três projetos, pudemos mostrar como os participantes desses projetos se envolveram ao fazer uso da metodologia de ensino adotada e relatamos as contribuições que trouxeram para nossa pesquisa. Verificamos que houve envolvimento ativo dos participantes na construção de novos conceitos e conteúdos, através da resolução dos problemas propostos, por meio de um trabalho investigativo, que proporcionou uma aprendizagem com compreensão e significado, com resultados importantes para a prática docente. Esta pesquisa foi desenvolvida seguindo a Metodologia de Pesquisa apresentada por Thomas A. Romberg.
This paper has the objective to study the Combinatory Analysis using Methodology of Teaching-Learning-Assessment of Mathematics through Problem Solving. In our theoretical fundamentation we address the Combinatory Analysis contained in the Discrete Mathematics, starting the research with a historical introduction of the Combinatory Analysis followed by a review of textbooks and the search for other author’s articles concerning this content’s teaching and learning. We have developed three projects to apply the teaching methodology we adopted in three different settings, where the researcher played three distinct roles facing the research’s problem: a) as a teacher-researcher, with her own students in her own classroom; b) as a researcher, conducting a workshop in a Mathematical Education conference, with teachers, mathematics educators and graduate students; c) as a researcher, in Mathematics Education Conferences divulgating her research. By analyzing all the data obtained in the application of the three projects we could show how the participants were engaged in using the adopted teaching methodology and we also reported the contributions they have brought to our research. We could verify that there was significant involvement from all the participants in the construction of new concepts and contents by solving the proposed problems in an investigative way, providing a different learning, full of understanding and meaning, with very significant results in terms of teaching practice. This research was developed following the Research Methodology presented by Thomas A. Romberg.
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Felix, Thiago Francisco. "Pesquisando a melhoria de aulas de matemática seguindo a proposta curricular do estado de São Paulo, com a metodologia da pesquisa de aulas (Lesson Study)." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4412.
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Previous issue date: 2010-02-27Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
This project is a study that seeks a reflection of author about classroom practices in teaching mathematics, at public schools of State of São Paulo, Brazil, especially with 6th and 7th grades of Basic School System. We adopted the Methodology of Lesson Study, a original Japanese Methodology, that focus the research on investigative activities of a teacher aiming at the improvement of his/her teaching practices. The phases of such investigative activities comprise the planning and the execution of the lessons, followed by the critical reflections after the lesson, that constitute fundamental steps to the search for the improvement of the teaching/learning process. This methodology is being disseminated in Western countries, and this work is one of the first adapted experiences as an attempt to introduce it in Brazil, and it is commented in Chapter 2. In order to secure an effective reflection of this process, we have established the investigative procedure at each stage of teacher´s practice, grounding the work on the concept of Pedagogical Content Knowledge (Schulman, 1986), discussed in Chapter 1. As main product of Master Program for Teachers, we have designed lessons and activities that consider the curriculum proposal of The Secretary of Education of the State of São Paulo and have followed the Methodology of Problem Solving of Polya, as a strategy to yield the analysis of lessons, activities and the following reflections. One main result sought and obtained in this work is the participative learning of students when building their own knowledge through the steps of Problem Solving Methodology, described in Chapter 3. In Chapter 5, we present some proposals for different types of lessons, describing the ways the curriculum recommendations can be worked out with our approach. We show analyses of lesson planning and the expectations of teacher about the executions of the plans at this stage, as well as about many problems come up with students´ difficulties, reactions and participations. Moreover, we comment the didactical perceptions of the author that have allowed conducting the Lesson Study in the stage of improving the learning with active participation of students. The most important achievement of this work is the execution of after class reflections mediated by Lesson Study Methodology, which has implicated a new vision of the assessment of students answers and questions/doubts. The work has permitted a more refined search and comprehension of the errors and the analyses of correct answers, which has brought a quality upgrade to the assessment. The Chapter 6 contains a synthesis of our reflections connected to the activities. The Appendix consists of detachable sheets with the lesson plans and steps of their execution, which can be used by basic school teachers as well as by students of teacher preparation programs who seek ideas and suggestions to improve their classroom practice.
O presente projeto é um estudo que buscou uma reflexão sobre a prática docente do autor no ensino da matemática em escolas públicas do Estado de São Paulo, especialmente sobre o ensino nas séries iniciais do ciclo II do Ensino Fundamental (6º e 7º anos). Apoiamos na Metodologia de Pesquisa de Aula, uma metodologia de origem japonesa, que coloca o foco da pesquisa nas atividades investigativas do profissional docente para o aperfeiçoamento de suas práticas. A investigação passa pelas fases de planejamento e execução de aulas e reflexões pós-aula, que são primordiais para a busca da melhoria do ensino-aprendizagem da matemática. A Metodologia está sendo disseminada no Ocidente, sendo esse trabalho uma das primeiras experiências na tentativa de introduzir essa metodologia no Brasil, e seu conteúdo está explicado no Capítulo 2. Para garantir uma reflexão efetiva desse processo, buscamos estabelecer o olhar investigativo do professor em cada etapa da prática docente, baseando-nos no conceito de Conhecimento Pedagógico de Conteúdo (Schulman, 1986), que foi considerado no Capítulo 1. Como produto da pesquisa em Mestrado Profissional, elaboramos aulas e atividades baseadas na proposta curricular da Secretaria de Estado da Educação do Estado de São Paulo (SEE-SP), que está analisada no Capítulo 4, e seguimos a Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas (Polya, 1995) como uma estratégia para fundamentar a análise das atividades assim como as reflexões realizadas. A Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas foi estudada no Capítulo 3, comparando as fases da resolução dentro das atividades propostas no nosso estudo. Um dos resultados principais buscados e obtidos nesse projeto foi a aprendizagem participativa dos alunos na construção de seu conhecimento por meio das etapas da Metodologia de Resolução de Problemas. No capítulo 5, apresentamos algumas propostas de diferentes aulas, mostrando como os temas curriculares podem ser trabalhados sob tal enfoque. Apresentamos análises do preparo de aulas e expectativas do docente nesta fase, diversos problemas enfrentados com as dificuldades dos alunos, suas reações e participações. Além disso, comentamos as percepções didáticas do docente que permitiram conduzir a Pesquisa de Aula na fase de melhorar a aprendizagem com a participação ativa dos alunos. O resultado mais importante do trabalho foi conseguir executar as reflexões pós-aulas que, mediadas pela Metodologia da Pesquisa de Aula, permitiram um novo olhar nas análises das atividades feitas pelos alunos, implicando uma busca e compreensão mais acurada dos erros e acertos dos mesmos, o que trouxe um salto qualitativo nas avaliações da aprendizagem dos alunos. O Capítulo 6 contém uma síntese do nosso estudo relacionando as reflexões com as atividades executadas. O Apêndice deste trabalho consiste dos planos de aulas e atividades, e descrição das suas execuções, que podem ser destacados e utilizados por professores das escolas básicas ou por licenciandos em busca de sugestões e ideias para aperfeiçoar sua prática docente.
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Saak, Marcus [Verfasser]. "Entwicklung eines Konzeptes und eines Prototypen für ein rechnergestütztes Werkzeug zum effizienten Einsatz der Problemlösungsmethodik "Spalten" = Development of a concept and of a prototype for a computer-aided tool for the efficient employment of the problem solving methodology "Spalten" / Marcus Saak." Karlsruhe : IPEK, 2006. http://d-nb.info/1002690587/34.
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Arant, Charles. "Kinetic Problem Solving." Scholar Commons, 2017. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/6997.
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Government leaders stand to benefit from improved program management capabilities within their organizations. Often, they are faced with crisis situations that require a rapid-fire, precise, effective problem solving process. Some of these programs are more severe or complex than others. With time and certainty of the solution as constraints, efficient program management supporting the Defense Acquisition Life Cycle remains an enigma for organizations at best and a hazard at worst.
Program management dealing with crisis problem solving, which is characterized by critical events and high cost, is a real-time process where requirements are identified and resolved to achieve a desired goal, with the path to the goal blocked by known or unknown obstacles. Program management that deals with crisis problem solving situations are plagued by several issues. The crisis situation is likely one not previously encountered; therefore, solutions from past experiences cannot be drawn upon to solve the problem (Heichal, 1992). An individual not experienced or trained often feels the situation is too complex, information is incomplete, time is short, and failure consequences are extreme (Hockey, 1986). Managers who face these dilemmas must have responsive, failure-proof processes in place.
This dissertation explores program management as it deals with problem solving processes in time-critical contexts, including task consolidation and resource selection, with the critical objective of improving crisis event management. The intent is to focus on processes that can be improved in crisis problem solving, specifically time needed to execute current problem solving processes, and introduce a kinetic problem solving approach to increase the momentum of implementing the solutions during crisis situations. This flexibility is facilitated by the researcher’s genuine desire to improve the organizational situation (rather than merely study it) and a client’s willingness to share the details of how they will use the technology and lessons learned.
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Gualdi, Ana Paula Hanke da Silveira. "Aulas de Matemática: resolução de problema no 1º ano do Ensino Fundamental." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2015. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/10244.
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Previous issue date: 2015-09-04The construction of mathematical knowledge occurs in the daily experiences of student, at times when it uses personal strategies to solve its problems. Mathematics is present in its lives from birth and they are in contact with it at all times. However, for the student to have initiative to solve challenges, in addition to its interest, it s necessary interest from the teacher, who should assume the role in encouraging and guiding this process of knowledge construction, which the students should be the center of learning. Given the gaps in teacher's initial education to teach mathematics and believing in the importance of using the problem solving in the student learning process, the focus of this research is Teaching of Mathematics through problem solving, with the central question in this research: how to use problem solving in first grade of the elementary school, promoting teacher development and improving the educational practices in math classes? The research aims to analyze teacher s conceptions of the use of problem solving in first grade of the elementary school, and based on this information, to develop a training proposal, using problem solving as a teaching methodology. In addition, the specific objectives of the research are: conduct a theoretical survey of authors who work in the area of problem solving; identify and analyze the national and state legal texts that describe the elementary school and the teaching of mathematics in the early years; and set priorities with regard to work with problem solving in first grade of elementary school, based on consultation with teachers. The research was conducted as a qualitative research and it used as data collection instrument the bibliographical and documentary research, besides the application of questionnaires to teachers who work in first grade of elementary public school, which belongs to Diretoria Leste 1 in the city of São Paulo. The questionnaire was used to know the understanding of these teachers, in relation to work in mathematics and problem solving. Based on the analysis of their responses, it was proposed a continuing education program in order to organize the conditions to qualify school education in first grade, with an emphasis on mathematics. Continuing education should occur in one semester, using the moments of collective work in the school for the discussion of mathematics and the use of problem solving as a teaching methodology in the classroom, providing study opportunities, discussion, preparation, implementation, and analysis of the resolutions
A construção do conhecimento matemático ocorre nas vivências cotidianas do aluno, nos momentos em que utiliza estratégias pessoais para resolver seus problemas. A matemática está presente em sua vida desde que nasce e ele está em contato com ela a todo o momento. No entanto, para que ele tenha iniciativa para resolver desafios, é necessário que seu interesse seja mobilizado pelo professor, que deve assumir o papel de incentivador e orientador desse processo de construção de conhecimento centrado no aluno. Considerando as lacunas na formação inicial do professor para ensinar matemática e acreditando na importância de utilizar a resolução de problema no processo de aprendizagem do aluno, o tema central desta pesquisa é o Ensino da Matemática por meio da resolução de problema, tendo como questão central da investigação: como utilizar a resolução de problemas no 1º ano do ensino fundamental - Ciclo I, fomentando o desenvolvimento docente e aperfeiçoando as práticas educativas nas aulas de matemática? A pesquisa tem por objetivo analisar as concepções dos professores em relação à utilização da resolução de problema no 1º ano e, com base nessas informações, elaborar uma proposta de formação, utilizando a resolução de problema como metodologia de ensino. Além disso, são objetivos específicos da pesquisa: realizar um levantamento teórico de autores que abordem o tema da resolução de problema; identificar e analisar os textos legais nacionais e estaduais que descrevem o ensino fundamental e o ensino de matemática nos anos iniciais; e estabelecer prioridades com relação ao trabalho com a resolução de problema no 1º ano, baseado na consulta aos professores. A investigação foi desenvolvida na forma de pesquisa qualitativa e utilizou como instrumento de coleta de dados a pesquisa bibliográfica e documental e a aplicação de questionários às professoras que atuam nos 1º anos do ensino fundamental de uma Escola Estadual, que pertence à Diretoria Leste 1 da cidade de São Paulo. O questionário foi utilizado para conhecer a compreensão dessas professoras, em relação ao trabalho em matemática com a resolução de problema. Com base na análise de suas respostas, foi proposto um programa de formação continuada, com o intuito de organizar as condições para qualificar a educação escolar no 1º ano, com ênfase na matemática. A formação continuada deve ocorrer em um semestre letivo, utilizando os momentos de trabalhos coletivos na escola, para a discussão sobre a matemática e a utilização da resolução de problema como metodologia de ensino em sala de aula, propiciando oportunidade de estudo, discussão, elaboração, realização e análise das resoluções
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Leite, de Vasconcelos Luis Arthur. "Methodological investigations into design inspiration and fixation experiments." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2017. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/267495.
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Designers often look for inspiration in their environment when exploring possible solutions to a given problem. However, many studies have reported that external stimuli may constrain designers’ imagination and limit their exploration to similar solutions, a phenomenon described as design fixation. Inspiration and fixation effects are traditionally studied with a similar experimental paradigm, which has produced a complex web of findings and explanations. Yet, when analysing the experiments and their findings closely, it becomes clear that there is considerable variation in how studies are conducted and the results they produce. Such variation makes it difficult to formulate a general view of how external stimuli affect the design process, and to translate the research findings into education and practice. Moreover, it raises questions about the reliability and effectiveness of the traditional experimental method. This thesis reports on a collection of studies that examine how design inspiration and fixation research is done and how it can be improved. It explores the research area by reviewing the literature and analysing data from a workshop; describes the research method by scrutinising experiments and their procedures; and explains the variation in research findings by testing experimental procedures empirically and suggesting new interpretations. My main findings are that: abstract stimuli can inspire or fixate designers to different degrees depending on how explicitly the stimuli are represented; external stimuli can inhibit the exploration of ideas that would otherwise be explored; the effect of experimental instructions varies depending on how encouraging the instructions are; and the way participants represent and elaborate ideas can moderate fixation results. Whilst this thesis offers insights into design practice and education, its main contribution is to design research, where it represents a fundamental material for those who are new to inspiration and fixation research, and for those who are already expert.
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Pimentel, Danilo Eudes. "Metodologia da resolução de problemas no planejamento de atividades para a transição da Aritmética para a Álgebra." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2010. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4421.
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Previous issue date: 2010-03-13Difficulties in learning algebra found on high school, especially among students of the first year have motivated this research, in order to discover and understand the origins of the problem and consider proposals for possible solutions. The first target of the present research was to explore the possible causes of difficulties on the transition from arithmetic to algebra, which should be done in the second half of elementary school but occurs most notably in the eighth year / seventh grade. Activities configured as problem solving were planned and implemented to detect problems and to support the introduction to algebraic reasoning on three groups of seventh grade students at Escola Estadual Professor Euclides de Carvalho Campos , Botucatu, SP. The objectives of those activities are: 1 Search the steps involved in planning activities for teaching algebra; find the students difficulties in its learning; 2 Implement classroom activities in the seventh grade; collect and analyze the results in order to support the dissertation work and prepare proposals to assist the learning of algebra. In order to reach it, the problem solving methodology was used with proposals for contextual problems involving modeling problems with first-degree equations, linear systems, geometry and counting. In addition to explanative lessons, in which the results were synthesized, the group work and participatory learning were emphasized. As a result, the students shown their difficulties to discern the role of the unknowns in the equation s solving, the meaning of characters as variables in modeling problems and also a strong tendency of trying to solve only arithmetic s exercises, especially through the method of trial and error. The present research examined the difficulties found as by the points of view of the theoretical conceptual transition from arithmetic to algebra as by the contextual problem solving methodology, which involves the school planning and the social environment.
As dificuldades na aprendizagem de álgebra constatadas especialmente em alunos do primeiro ano do ensino médio motivaram esta pesquisa, que tem a finalidade de descobrir e entender as origens do problema e estudar propostas para possíveis soluções. O primeiro alvo do presente trabalho é explorar as possíveis causas das dificuldades na transição da aritmética para a álgebra, que deveria ser feita na segunda metade do Ensino Fundamental, porém ocorre com maior destaque no oitavo ano/sétima série. Foram planejadas e aplicadas atividades sob forma de resolução de problemas para detectar estas dificuldades e auxiliar na introdução ao raciocínio algébrico em três turmas de sétima série da Escola Estadual Professor Euclides de Carvalho Campos , Botucatu, SP. Os objetivos das atividades são: 1 Pesquisar as etapas do processo de planejamento de atividades matemáticas para o ensino de álgebra; detectar as dificuldades dos estudantes na sua aprendizagem; 2 Executar as atividades em salas de aula de sétima série; coletar os resultados e analisá-los de forma a subsidiar o trabalho de dissertação; elaborar propostas que contribuam para facilitar a aprendizagem de álgebra. Para isso foi utilizada a metodologia de resolução de problemas, com propostas de problemas contextualizados, envolvendo modelagem de problemas com equações do primeiro grau, sistemas lineares, geometria e contagem. Além de aulas expositivas nas quais se fez a síntese dos resultados obtidos, foi enfatizada a aprendizagem participativa do trabalho em grupo para a execução das atividades. Como resultado, foram detectadas dificuldades no discernimento do papel das incógnitas na resolução de equações, no significado das letras utilizadas como variáveis na modelagem de problemas e a forte tendência em tentar resolver exercícios apenas pela aritmética, especialmente pelo método da tentativa e erro. O presente trabalho analisou as dificuldades detectadas tanto do ponto de vista teórico-conceitual de transição da aritmética para a álgebra, quanto pela ótica contextual da metodologia de resolução de problemas que envolvem o planejamento escolar e o ambiente social.
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Carrijo, Neto Luciano Alves. "A pesquisa de aula (lesson study) no aperfeiçoamento da aprendizagem em matemática no 6° ano segundo o currículo do estado de São Paulo." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2013. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/4458.
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Previous issue date: 2013-07-02This work is the fruit of the author's research and reflection on the teaching practice in teaching mathematics 6° grade II Cycle in a public school in the city of Franca, São Paulo. Enhancing the work on classroom research methodology-Lesson Study, a Japanese methodology that encourages the resolution of problems, allowing for participatory learning. For this work the methodology needed to be adapted to the Brazilian context, as shown in Chapter 1. As the Professional master's dissertation is focused on turns to actions within the classroom to improve student learning in mathematics, develop Curriculum-based activities in the State of São Paulo that is discussed in Chapter 2 the issues involving multiplication and Division, greatest common divisor, fraction, decimal numbers and geometry. The application and analysis of activities, since its preparation, where they are taken into account the curriculum, the class profile, discussed in Chapter 3, choice of materials, dialogues during execution and closing up the reflection afterschool courses are dealt with in Chapter 4. In the Appendix of this work are applied activities as well as its planning and that can be used by other teachers in their classes.
O presente trabalho é fruto da pesquisa e reflexão do autor sobre a prática docente no ensino de Matemática do 6° ano do Ensino Fundamental Ciclo II em uma escola pública na cidade de Franca, São Paulo. Alicerçamos o trabalho na Metodologia de Pesquisa de Aula Lesson Study, uma metodologia japonesa que estimula a resolução de problemas, permitindo a aprendizagem participativa. Para esse trabalho a metodologia precisou ser adaptada ao contexto brasileiro, como é mostrado no Capítulo 1. Como a dissertação é de Mestrado Profissional cujo foco se volta para ações dentro de sala de aula que visam melhorar o aprendizado dos alunos em Matemática, elaboramos atividades baseadas no Currículo do Estado de São Paulo que está discutido no Capítulo 2 envolvendo os temas multiplicação e divisão, máximo divisor comum, fração, números decimais e geometria. A aplicação e análise das atividades, desde sua preparação, onde são levados em conta o Currículo, o perfil das turmas, discutido no Capítulo 3, escolha dos materiais, diálogos durante a execução e fechamento até a reflexão pós-aula são tratadas no Capitulo 4. No Apêndice deste trabalho se encontram as atividades aplicadas bem como o seu planejamento e que podem ser utilizadas por outros professores em suas aulas.
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Ege, Ozalkan Bilgen. "The Effects Of Problem Solving On The Topic Of Functions On Problem Solving Performance, Attitude Toward Problem Solving And Mathematics." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12611945/index.pdf.
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The purpose of the study was to investigate the effect of Problem Solving Method on 9th grade students‟
problem solving performance and attitudes toward mathematics and problem solving. This study was done in 2007-2008 academic year, in a private high school in Ankara. In the present study the experimental-control group pre-test post-test research design was used. The study was done with 67 students of the private high school. Experimental group was instructed with Problem Solving Method and control group was instructed with Traditional Method. The treatment was given for seven weeks, 21 lesson hours. Problem Solving Performance Test, Problem Solving Attitude Scale and Mathematics Attitude Scale were administered as a pre test and a post test. Independent samples t-test was used to examine the hypotheses of the present study. The results revealed that there were no statistically significant mean differences between experimental group and control group related to gained scores of understanding the problem, making a plan and carrying out the plan steps in Problem Solving Performance Test and Mathematics Attitude Scale. However, there was a statistically mean difference between these groups with respect to gained scores of Problem Solving Attitude Scale.
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Welsh, Kimberly D. "Individuals solving problems : the effects of problem solving strategies and problem solving technologies on generating solutions." Virtual Press, 1997. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/1045625.
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This experiment was designed to compare two problem solving strategies, brainstorming and the hierarchical technique, and two problem solving technologies, computer software and pencil and paper. The first purpose of this study was to explore what effects computer software and pencil and paper have on the facilitation of solutions for individual problem solvers. Subjects generated solutions by either recording ideas on a computer or by writing ideas down on paper. The second purpose of this study was to examine how individuals evaluate solutions they have generated.Specifically, we were looking for solution evaluations to differ according to which problem solving strategy subjects received training on, brainstorming or the hierarchical technique. Solutions were rated on overall quality, practicality, and originality on a scale ranging from 0 (being the lowest possible score) to 4 (being the highest possible score).Subjects who used a computer to record ideas generated significantly more solutions than those subjects recording ideas on paper. Subjects trained with the hierarchical technique generated ideas higher in quality than those trained with brainstorming. Subjects trained with brainstorming generated more original ideas than those trained with the hierarchical technique. Finally, subjects rating of practicality did not differ according to problem solving strategy.Department of Psychological Science
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Sierra, Cristine Lois Coleti. "O ensino de ciências por resolução de problemas: uma proposta aplicada a estudantes do ensino fundamental da cidade de Araucária." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2017. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/2545.
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Acompanha produto.A Resolução de Problemas consiste em uma metodologia de ensino que se empenha em instigar os alunos na busca e apropriação de estratégias adequadas para que respondam tanto perguntas escolares quanto questões cotidianas. Na Metodologia da Resolução de Problemas, o problema demanda do aluno uma carga cognitiva e motivacional maior do que em outras metodologias. O objetivo desta pesquisa é avaliar as contribuições da Metodologia da Resolução de Problemas (MRP) no Ensino de Ciências nos anos finais do Ensino Fundamental, a partir das problemáticas locais. Para isto, a pesquisa foi planejada em três etapas: Planejamento do Trabalho Pedagógico; Planejamento e Aplicação da Metodologia da Resolução de Problemas; e Obtenção dos Resultados da Pesquisa. Os resultados desta pesquisa foram analisados em termos qualitativos. Para isso, foram analisados questionários e atividades realizadas pelos alunos, bem como fatores observacionais durante a aplicação da MRP. Por fim, foi escrito um Caderno Pedagógico destinado aos professores no intuito de difundir e motivar os professores de Ciências no Nível Fundamental, na aplicação da Metodologia da Resolução de Problemas em suas aulas.
The Problem-Based Learning (PBL) consists of a teaching methodology that strives to instill students in the search and appropriation of appropriate strategies to answer both school and daily questions. In the Problem-Based Learning, the problem demands from the student a greater cognitive and motivational load than in other methodologies. The objective of this research is to evaluate the contributions of the Problem-Based Learning in Science Teaching in the final years of Elementary Education, based on local problems. For this, the research was planned in three stages: Pedagogical Work Planning; Planning and Application of Problem-Based Learning; and Obtaining Search Results. The results of this research were analyzed in qualitative terms. For this, we analyzed the questionnaires and activities carried out by the students, as well as observational factors during the application of MRP. Finally, a Pedagogical Notebook was written for teachers in order to disseminate and motivate Science teachers at the Fundamental Level, in the application of the Problem-Based Learning in their classes.
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Golightly, David. "Manipulation supported problem solving." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.298076.
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Scanlon, Eileen. "Modelling physics problem solving." Thesis, Open University, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.277276.
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Dahl, Jonas. "The problem-solving citizen." Licentiate thesis, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för natur, miljö, samhälle (NMS), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-7646.
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The present thesis is made up by three articles and in all of these the mathematics curriculum for upper secondary school in Sweden is analysed. The main focus is the citizen and citizenship and the point of departure is problem solving as a competence. Besides an investigation of the connection between citizenship and the curricu- lum or the role the citizen have in the curriculum, questions about what tensions appear when problem solving is recontextualised in- to the curriculum are posed. Following an international trend in (mathematics) education, the mathematics curriculum in Sweden stresses demands made on the students and citizens instead of rights that the students or citizens have. Demands that everyone must become problem-solving citizens. By the use of Bernstein’s theories about the pedagogic device and his division of different knowledge forms into a vertical and a horizontal discourse, I inves- tigate possible effects of these demands. Despite intentions that all should be included, I show that there is a risk for exclusion instead. Bernstein suggested that school reproduces social inequity. In this thesis I discuss how this is done in the curriculum. My conclusion points at a risk of segregation and exclusion of lower socio- economic groups from influence, power and control. Furthermore, the reproduction of social inequity is build more solidly into the system with the new curriculum as although it is unclear whether the purpose of the changes to the curriculum was really to divide groups and exclude some from power.
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Sullivan, Gary E. (Gary Eugene). "The Impact of Student Thinking Journals and Generic Problem Solving Software on Problem Solving Performance and Transfer of Problem Solving Skills." Thesis, University of North Texas, 1993. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc278982/.
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This study examined the effects of specially designed thinking journal activities that have been attributed with encouraging reflective thinking, on instruction using generic, or content-free problem solving software. Sixty-three fourth grade students participated in four instructional sessions using a software package called Moptown Hotel. Students completed separate posttests that measured (1) performance on problems of the same kind as those used in instruction, and (2) transfer of skills to other kinds of problems. Scores of students who wrote thinking journals prior to testing were compared with scores of students who did not. Results indicate that students who wrote thinking journals performed the same as students who did not when tested on problems similar to those practiced in class. Tests in which students transferred their skills to word problems, however, produced significant differences. There was no significant difference between scores when averaged over all four weekly occasions. However, for the final session alone, students who wrote thinking journals scored higher on tests of problem solving transfer than students who did not (p < .01). The study also examined the relationship between the degree of metacognitive thought displayed in students' journal entries, and their measured problem solving ability. Results indicate that students who had higher average reflectivity scores also had higher average problem solving performance and transfer scores (p < .05). It was also noted that the significant relationship between reflectivity and scores of problem solving ability was only observed in male students. It was concluded that under the right conditions, and for the right kinds of problems, thinking journal writing can help students understand their own thinking processes, resulting in improved problem solving behavior. The study also raises the question of whether there are differences between the ways that male and female students apply metacognitive awareness gained through journal writing experiences.
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Toy, Serkan. "Online ill-structured problem-solving strategies and their influence on problem-solving performance." [Ames, Iowa : Iowa State University], 2007.
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Adams, Wendy Kristine. "Development of a problem solving evaluation instrument; untangling of specific problem solving assets." Connect to online resource, 2008. http://gateway.proquest.com/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:3303822.
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Yuen, Gary. "Problem solving strategies students use when solving combinatorial problems." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/5535.
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This research is a case study that examines the strategies that three grade 11 students use
to manoeuvre through a series of three combinatorial problems. Grade 11 students were chosen
as participants because they have had no formal training in solving this class of math problems.
Data includes video recordings of each participant’s problem solving sessions along with each
participant’s written work. Through analysis of this data, several themes related to problem
solving strategies were identified. First, students tend to rely on algebraic representation and
methods as they approach a problem. Second, students use the term “guess and check” to
describe any strategy where the steps to a solution are not clearly defined. Thirdly, as students
negotiate problems, they tend to search for patterns that will streamline their methods. Fourthly,
students approach complicated problems by breaking up the problem into smaller parts. Finally,
students who verify their work throughout the problems solving process tend to experience more
success than those who do not. From these findings, I suggest that mathematics teachers need to
ensure that they are not over-emphasizing algebraic strategies in the classroom. In addition,
students need to be given the opportunity to explore various solution strategies to a given
problem. Finally, students should be taught how to verify their work, and be encouraged to
perform this step throughout the problem solving process.
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Lam, Siu-Yuk Rebecca. "Acupuncturists' clinical problem-solving strategies." Thesis, McGill University, 1994. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=28477.
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This study investigates the clinical problem-solving among Western-trained and traditionally trained acupuncturists. Fifty-six subjects with varying clinical experience were divided into four groups: physicians without acupuncture training (control), physician-acupuncturists, non-licensed physician-acupuncturists, and traditionally trained acupuncturists. Three clinical cases (two routine and one non-routine), were given to the subjects to provide diagnostic and treatment plans. The data were quantitatively and qualitatively analyzed. Subjects' diagnostic and treatment plans were evaluated against reference models for Western medicine and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).The results indicate that acupuncturists were influenced by their initial medical training. Physician-acupuncturists and non-licensed physician-acupuncturists' practices were greatly influenced by the training in Western medicine, regardless of their exposure to traditional Chinese medicine. The traditionally trained practitioners outperformed the other groups of subjects in the non-routine case. Accuracy in diagnoses and treatments for the non-routine case was also positively related to the length of clinical experience. The findings support theories of expertise that experts use forward reasoning when coping with familiar cases, and backward reasoning when encountering difficult cases.
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Viriyasuthee, Chatavut. "Problem solving by spatial conformation." Thesis, McGill University, 2012. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=107862.
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In computational complexity theory, a reduction is an approach to solving one problemby transforming it into another reference problem in which a solution already exists,thus providing the solution to the original problem in an efficient manner especiallywhen compared with solving the problem directly, which can be costly or even infeasible.The concept of reduction is not only limited to theory; in practice, humansuse past experience to solve problems by \emph{conforming} them, based on analogical reasoning, to known ones that are contained in references or memories.However, because the information retained in references is not always accurate and sometimes filled with redundancies or missing details, the conformation must somehow be robust enough to tolerate these uncertainties.In this thesis, we construct a framework for problem solving by reduction, and we present it in the robotics domain where contexts of problems can be represented using graphical spaces. The process has to match an input problem space to another one in a reference in order to retrieve a solution; we call this process spatial conformation. The content of this thesis can be divided into two parts.First, we develop a general approach and mathematical framework for a range of problem solving challenges to be addressed by reduction. Then we shift our attention to a class of constraint satisfaction problems formulated within the spatial conformation framework. An implementation for each part in robotics applications has been demonstrated to serve as empirical evaluation.Selon la théorie de la complexité des algorithmes, une réduction est une approche pour résoudre unproblème en le transformant en un autre problème de référence qui a déjà été résolu. Ceci permet de trouver une solution à ce problème initial d'une manière efficace, comparemment à essayer de le résoudre directement, ce qui pourrait être coûteux ou même infaisable. Le concept de réduction n'est pas seulement constrainte à la théorie, en pratique,les humains utilisent leurs expériences pour résoudre de nouveaux problèmes en se basant surleurs raisonnements analogiques et en les conformant aux problémes qui se trouvent dans leurs références ou leurs souvenirs. Cependant, parce que les informations conservées dans les références ne sont pas toujours exactes etparfois manquent des détails, la conformation doit en quelque sorte être suffisamment robuste pour tolérer ces incertitudes. Dans cette thèse, nous construisons un systéme de résolution de problèmes basé sur la méthode de réduction, et nous le présentons dans le domaine de la robotique dans lequel les contextes des problèmes peuvent être représentés dans une espace geométrique. Nous définissons la conformation spatiale par le processus de correspondence entre un probléme d'origine et un autre probléme de référence. Tout d'abord, nous développons une approche générale pour résoudre une série de problèmes devant être traités par réduction. Par la suite, nous mettons l'accent sur une catégorie de problèmes de satisfaction de constraintesformulé dans le système de conformation spatiale. Une implémentation de chaque partie dans les applications de la robotique a été démontrée pour servir d'évaluation empirique.
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Gee, Andrew Howard. "Problem solving with optimization networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.261506.
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