Journal articles: 'Methods and techniques of biology'

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Nosé, Vânia. "Morphology Methods: Cell and Molecular Biology Techniques." Mayo Clinic Proceedings 76, no. 11 (November 2001): 1181. http://dx.doi.org/10.4065/76.11.1181.

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Crocker, J. "Morphology Methods. Cell and Molecular Biology Techniques." Histopathology 40, no. 6 (June 2002): 574. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2559.2002.01381.x.

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Ilieva, Mirolyuba, and Shizuka Uchida. "Methods and Tools in RNA Biology." Non-Coding RNA 9, no. 4 (August 10, 2023): 46. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ncrna9040046.

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Buckingham, Julia C. "Methods in Molecular Biology, vol. 106 Receptor Binding Techniques." Clinical Endocrinology 50, no. 6 (June 1999): 822. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2265.1999.0795b.x.

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Irvine, G. B. "New protein techniques-methods in molecular biology, vol. 3." FEBS Letters 256, no. 1-2 (October 9, 1989): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0014-5793(89)81759-4.

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Prendergast, Franklyn G. "Time-resolved fluorescence techniques: methods and applications in biology." Current Opinion in Structural Biology 1, no. 6 (December 1991): 1054–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0959-440x(91)90105-3.

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Akhmadkulovna, Egamberdiyeva Nigora. "ENHANCING BIOLOGY EDUCATION: THE INTEGRAL ROLE OF INTERACTIVE TEACHING METHODS." International Journal of Advance Scientific Research 4, no. 2 (February 1, 2024): 113–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijasr-04-02-18.

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Effective biology education plays a pivotal role in nurturing students' understanding of the intricate complexities of living organisms and their environments. Traditional lecture-based approaches often struggle to fully engage students and foster deep comprehension. This article explores the significance of incorporating interactive teaching methods in biology education. By leveraging various interactive techniques such as hands-on experiments, group discussions, technology-enhanced learning, and active learning strategies, educators can create dynamic learning environments that stimulate curiosity, critical thinking, and long-term retention of biological concepts. Through a comprehensive review of relevant literature and examples of successful implementation, this article underscores the transformative impact of interactive methods on enhancing student learning outcomes in biology education.

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Goding, James. "Immunochemical methods in cell and molecular biology; biological techniques series." Immunology Today 9, no. 11 (January 1988): 360–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-5699(88)91339-4.

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Dobson, Christopher M. "Biophysical Techniques in Structural Biology." Annual Review of Biochemistry 88, no. 1 (June 20, 2019): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-biochem-013118-111947.

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Over the past six decades, steadily increasing progress in the application of the principles and techniques of the physical sciences to the study of biological systems has led to remarkable insights into the molecular basis of life. Of particular significance has been the way in which the determination of the structures and dynamical properties of proteins and nucleic acids has so often led directly to a profound understanding of the nature and mechanism of their functional roles. The increasing number and power of experimental and theoretical techniques that can be applied successfully to living systems is now ushering in a new era of structural biology that is leading to fundamentally new information about the maintenance of health, the origins of disease, and the development of effective strategies for therapeutic intervention. This article provides a brief overview of some of the most powerful biophysical methods in use today, along with references that provide more detailed information about recent applications of each of them. In addition, this article acts as an introduction to four authoritative reviews in this volume. The first shows the ways that a multiplicity of biophysical methods can be combined with computational techniques to define the architectures of complex biological systems, such as those involving weak interactions within ensembles of molecular components. The second illustrates one aspect of this general approach by describing how recent advances in mass spectrometry, particularly in combination with other techniques, can generate fundamentally new insights into the properties of membrane proteins and their functional interactions with lipid molecules. The third reviewdemonstrates the increasing power of rapidly evolving diffraction techniques, employing the very short bursts of X-rays of extremely high intensity that are now accessible as a result of the construction of free-electron lasers, in particular to carry out time-resolved studies of biochemical reactions. The fourth describes in detail the application of such approaches to probe the mechanism of the light-induced changes associated with bacteriorhodopsin's ability to convert light energy into chemical energy.

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Chandler, Heather L., and Carmen M. H. Colitz. "Molecular Biology for the Clinician: Understanding Current Methods." Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association 42, no. 5 (September 1, 2006): 326–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5326/0420326.

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The basics of molecular biology involve the replication of deoxyribonucleic acid and its transcription and translation into proteins. Biochemical assays such as the Southern blot analysis, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), Northern blot analysis, reverse-transcriptase PCR, microarray technology, Western blot analysis, immunohistochemistry, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and flow cytometry utilize various aspects of molecular biology. To understand these assays requires some basic understanding of the principles of molecular biology. This paper provides basic information on the methodology and techniques used in these assays.

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Techen, N., S. Crockett, I. Khan, and B. Scheffler. "Authentication of Medicinal Plants Using Molecular Biology Techniques to Compliment Conventional Methods." Current Medicinal Chemistry 11, no. 11 (June 1, 2004): 1391–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/0929867043365206.

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Burley, A. "Microscopy, optical spectroscopy and macroscopic techniques methods in molecular biology vol 22." Biochemical Education 22, no. 4 (October 1994): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0307-4412(94)90022-1.

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Benito-Martínez, Silvia, Yueyao Zhu, Riddhi Atul Jani, Dawn C. Harper, Michael S. Marks, and Cédric Delevoye. "Research Techniques Made Simple: Cell Biology Methods for the Analysis of Pigmentation." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 140, no. 2 (February 2020): 257–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2019.12.002.

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Datta, Neelabh. "A review of molecular biology detection methods for human adenovirus." AIMS Biophysics 10, no. 1 (2023): 95–120. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/biophy.2023008.

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<abstract> <p>In humans particularly in children, adenovirus is one of the most common viruses that cause respiratory illnesses. Knowing how to detect adenovirus proficiently and rapidly will help reinforce surveillance of adenovirus infections, detect epidemic situations in real-time, and understand the trend of virus epidemics, which will allow effective actions to be taken quickly. The rapid detection of antiviral antibodies or viral antigens in clinical samples can be achieved by molecular diagnostic techniques like PCR, Real-Time PCR, LAMP, mPCR-RLB, PCR-ELISA, Tem-PCR, Gene Chip, and so on. Some of the molecular diagnostic methods are relatively economical, exceedingly sensitive and explicit. There are several commercially accessible molecular diagnostic techniques that enable their use in clinical laboratories all over the world. In this review, the principles, characteristics, and applications of molecular biology surveillance methods commonly used in labs and clinics for the detection of human adenoviruses are examined and highlighted.</p> </abstract>

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Marracci, Silvia, Donatella Marazziti, Michela Ori, and Irma Nardi. "Molecular Biology and Psychiatry: New Methodologies and Techniques." CNS Spectrums 2, no. 9 (October 1997): 35–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900005174.

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AbstractMolecular biology techniques are used widely in the study of central nervous system structures and functions. The possibilities offered by such methodologies are attracting an increasing number of researchers for their versatility and for their promise to permit the investigation of different proteins, step by step, from gene transcription to posttranscriptional processes. Of particular interest is the study of the enzymes responsible for the synthesis and catabolism of neurotransmitters, as well as neuroreceptors.Today, a general knowledge of such methods and of how they can be used in CNS studies is fundamental for psychiatrists, even if not directly involved in basic research, since it can be easily predicted that the next century will be characterized by an increasing application of these approaches to biological psychiatry. In this article, we describe gene expression methods and the aim of gene expression studies. We also present some general information on the various steps and techniques used for different purposes in biological psychiatry.

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Jackson, Malcolm J. "An overview of methods for assessment of free radical activity in biology." Proceedings of the Nutrition Society 58, no. 4 (November 1999): 1001–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0029665199001317.

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Assays which purport to assess free radical activity in biological systems are multiple. However, despite numerous published descriptions of new methods and modifications of methods to assess free radical activity in biological materials, there is still a lack of reliable techniques for quantification of activity in vivo. Analysis of a number of related indicators and use of a variety of approaches appears the only reliable way to evaluate these processes in vivo. In studies of free radical generation by contracting skeletal muscle we have attempted to use a variety of indicators, including measurement of endogenous antioxidant levels, measurement of indirect indicators of free radical activity (e.g. products of lipid peroxidation, DNA oxidation or protein oxidation) and, where possible, measurement of direct indicators of free radical activity by electron spin resonance techniques. In view of the relative lack of specificity of many available techniques, caution should be exerted in evaluating the numerous examples of isolated single measures of free radical activity which are present in the scientific literature.

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Tolqinovna, Xonnazarova Saltanat. "IMPROVING THE METHOD OF ACTIVATING STUDENT'S COGNITIVE ACTIVITY IN SCHOOL BIOLOGY EDUCATION." International Journal of Pedagogics 3, no. 10 (October 1, 2023): 84–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.37547/ijp/volume03issue10-16.

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This article explores innovative approaches to enhance cognitive activation among students in the field of school biology education. Recognizing the pivotal role of active learning in fostering deep understanding and critical thinking, the study delves into methods that go beyond traditional teaching paradigms. Through an extensive review of literature, encompassing influential works by Hattie, Marzano, and Gardner, this research investigates the efficacy of interactive learning tools, experiential learning, collaborative techniques, and the integration of technology in biology classrooms.

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Koohy, Hashem. "The rise and fall of machine learning methods in biomedical research." F1000Research 6 (November 14, 2017): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13016.1.

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In the era of explosion in biological data, machine learning techniques are becoming more popular in life sciences, including biology and medicine. This research note examines the rise and fall of the most commonly used machine learning techniques in life sciences over the past three decades.

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Koohy, Hashem. "The rise and fall of machine learning methods in biomedical research." F1000Research 6 (January 2, 2018): 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.13016.2.

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In the era of explosion in biological data, machine learning techniques are becoming more popular in life sciences, including biology and medicine. This research note examines the rise and fall of the most commonly used machine learning techniques in life sciences over the past three decades.

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Ray, L. B., and N. R. Gough. "Focus Issue: The Kinome--Techniques and Methods for Analysis." Science Signaling 2002, no. 162 (December 10, 2002): eg13-eg13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/stke.2002.162.eg13.

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Ríos, Valentina, Natali Romero, Carlos Valencia, and Julián Balanta. "Methods for determining the biocompatibility of dental materials." Revista Estomatología 22, no. 2 (September 29, 2017): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.25100/re.v22i2.5776.

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Background: The dental materials are subjected to various tests for consistency, bioactivity, and demonstrate that they can remain in the oral environment without producing an adverse response. Currently for this purpose worldwide are employed different techniques such as cell culture, techniques of molecular biology and the use of shrimp larvae (brineshrimplarvae) better known as Artemia salina. Objective: Characterize five dental materials using a cytotoxicity test with larval shrimp Artemia salina. Materials and methods: A cytotoxicity study was performed on samples of Titanium Type IV, Silicone Heavy, Auto-cured acrylic resin and photo-curing and Eugenolatousing the method of Artemia salina. Results: The cytotoxicity assay for Artemia Salina showed no viability foreugenolato because all the larvaes were eliminated, and other products showed biocompatibility in the following percentages. Titanium type IV 100%, the silicone 46%, acrylic 62% and resin 72%. Conclusions: The method of brine shrimp is a simple and economical method for studies of cytotoxicity, requires greater infrastructure technology, and combined with other techniques of cell biology can become as specific method as desired. There is viability for the artemiasalina larvae with type IV titanium of 100% and with eugenolato of 0%.

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Pitt-Francis, Joe, Miguel O. Bernabeu, Jonathan Cooper, Alan Garny, Lee Momtahan, James Osborne, Pras Pathmanathan, Blanca Rodriguez, Jonathan P. Whiteley, and David J. Gavaghan. "Chaste: using agile programming techniques to develop computational biology software." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 366, no. 1878 (June 19, 2008): 3111–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2008.0096.

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Cardiac modelling is the area of physiome modelling where the available simulation software is perhaps most mature, and it therefore provides an excellent starting point for considering the software requirements for the wider physiome community. In this paper, we will begin by introducing some of the most advanced existing software packages for simulating cardiac electrical activity. We consider the software development methods used in producing codes of this type, and discuss their use of numerical algorithms, relative computational efficiency, usability, robustness and extensibility. We then go on to describe a class of software development methodologies known as test-driven agile methods and argue that such methods are more suitable for scientific software development than the traditional academic approaches. A case study is a project of our own, Cancer, Heart and Soft Tissue Environment, which is a library of computational biology software that began as an experiment in the use of agile programming methods. We present our experiences with a review of our progress thus far, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of this new approach compared with the development methods used in some existing packages. We conclude by considering whether the likely wider needs of the cardiac modelling community are currently being met and suggest that, in order to respond effectively to changing requirements, it is essential that these codes should be more malleable. Such codes will allow for reliable extensions to include both detailed mathematical models—of the heart and other organs—and more efficient numerical techniques that are currently being developed by many research groups worldwide.

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Yli-Panula, Eija, Eila Jeronen, Piia Lemmetty, and Anna Pauna. "Teaching Methods in Biology Promoting Biodiversity Education." Sustainability 10, no. 10 (October 22, 2018): 3812. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10103812.

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The aim of this qualitative survey was to investigate what kind of teaching methods have been used in biology to promote biodiversity education (BDE) and how the methods support biodiversity (BD) learning. We found, in total, 317 international scientific articles published since 2000 which described the teaching methods regarding BDE and the teaching, and/or the learning. From these ones 12 articles specifically addressed the teaching methods of BD. The content of these articles was analysed in detail. The detailed analysis was based on (a) the categories of the teaching methods used, (b) the conception of learning in the Finnish National Core Curricula for Secondary schools and (c) the revised Bloom’s taxonomy and Stanny’s verbs concerning the levels of taxonomy. The most used teaching methods were hands-on instruction, experiential learning, and teacher presentation. The least used ones were games, roleplay, debates, service learning, study trips, and visits. In all the articles, various teaching methods used during the lessons were described. The items concerning the teaching methods, which supported students learning were active participation and interaction—mentioned in all the articles—followed by observation, experimental work, experiential learning, and techniques for increasing environmental awareness. The understanding of the different perspectives of BD and the development of self-evaluation were addressed in only four and two of the articles, respectively. The four types of knowledge were supported by the used teaching methods in nine articles jointly. The lower levels of thinking skills were well-supported by the used teaching methods. The highest level of thinking skills, such as synthesis and evaluation, received the least amount of attention.

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Lemer, Christian M. R., Marianne J. Rooman, and Shoshana J. Wodak. "Protein structure prediction by threading methods: Evaluation of current techniques." Proteins: Structure, Function, and Genetics 23, no. 3 (November 1995): 337–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prot.340230308.

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Verfaillie, Catherine M. "Introduction to Methods/Techniques paper section of Experimental Hematology." Experimental Hematology 34, no. 11 (November 2006): 1588. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.exphem.2006.07.006.

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Price, Robert L. "Methods in Molecular Biology Series: Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols. Edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman." Microscopy and Microanalysis 13, no. 6 (November 14, 2007): 517–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927607070973.

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Methods in Molecular Biology Series: Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols. Edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman. Human Press, Inc., Totowa, NJ; 2005, 512 pages. (Hardcover and e-book, U.S. $125.00) ISBN 978-1-58829-157-8Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols, edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman, is Volume 319 in the long-standing Humana Press Methods in Molecular BiologyTM series. Unlike many of the books in the series that focus on a specific technology, growth factor, or cell type, this volume covers a wide range of technology and applications. As the editors state in the Preface, their goal is to “present an eclectic collection of what we consider some of the essential state-of-the-art methods for imaging cells and molecules.” While the editors have done a good job of collecting chapters that represent a range of cell imaging techniques, I believe this represents both the strength and the weakness of the work. In a situation such as a core facility where a wide variety of instrumentation and applications are being used, this will provide a reference text for a number of technologies. However, if an investigator is searching for a work focused on the study of a specific technology, cell type, or molecule, other volumes may be more applicable.

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Chen, Jiming, and Diwakar Shukla. "Integration of machine learning with computational structural biology of plants." Biochemical Journal 479, no. 8 (April 29, 2022): 921–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bcj20200942.

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Computational structural biology of proteins has developed rapidly in recent decades with the development of new computational tools and the advancement of computing hardware. However, while these techniques have widely been used to make advancements in human medicine, these methods have seen less utilization in the plant sciences. In the last several years, machine learning methods have gained popularity in computational structural biology. These methods have enabled the development of new tools which are able to address the major challenges that have hampered the wide adoption of the computational structural biology of plants. This perspective examines the remaining challenges in computational structural biology and how the development of machine learning techniques enables more in-depth computational structural biology of plants.

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Budai, Csilla, István Egerszegi, János Oláh, András Jávor, and András Kovács. "Application of semen evaluation techniques." Acta Agraria Debreceniensis, no. 59 (April 23, 2014): 5–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.34101/actaagrar/59/1992.

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Laboratory methods of semen evaluation are used to select males for artificial insemination. The current review describes several techniques that have been recently used for sperm analysis. Conventional microscopic methods in combination with the objective computerassisted sperm motility and morphology analyzers and flow cytometry, allows to obtain more precise information about the membrane and functional status of spermatozoa. By using several methods to detect motility, viability, acrosomal and capacitation status besides DNA integrity sperm biology and some of the mechanism involved in sperm cry injury can be better understood. The number of possible targets related to sperm quality is increasing, and possible that some of them could enable sperm analysis for predicting freezability and fertility to be improved.

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AMAN, Serge Stephane, Behou Gerard N'GUESSAN, Djama Djoman Alfred AGBO, and Tiemoman KONE. "Search engine optimization: methods and techniques." F1000Research 12 (October 12, 2023): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140393.1.

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Background: With the rapid advancement of information technology, search engine optimisation (SEO) has become crucial for enhancing the visibility and relevance of online content. In this context, the use of cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure is being explored to bolster SEO capabilities. Methods: This scientific article offers an in-depth study of search engine optimisation. It explores the different methods and techniques used to improve the performance and efficiency of a search engine, focusing on key aspects such as result relevance, search speed and user experience. The article also presents case studies and concrete examples to illustrate the practical application of optimisation techniques. Results: The results demonstrate the importance of optimisation in delivering high quality search results and meeting the increasing demands of users. Conclusions: The article addresses the enhancement of search engines through the Microsoft Azure infrastructure and its associated components. It highlights methods such as indexing, semantic analysis, parallel searches, and caching to strengthen the relevance of results, speed up searches, and optimise the user experience. Following the application of these methods, a marked improvement was observed in these areas, thereby showcasing the capability of Microsoft Azure in enhancing search engines. The study sheds light on the implementation and analysis of these Azure-focused techniques, introduces a methodology for assessing their efficacy, and details the specific benefits of each method. Looking forward, the article suggests integrating artificial intelligence to elevate the relevance of results, venturing into other cloud infrastructures to boost performance, and evaluating these methods in specific scenarios, such as multimedia information search. In summary, with Microsoft Azure, the enhancement of search engines appears promising, with increased relevance and a heightened user experience in a rapidly evolving sector.

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Supramaniam, Ces, and Salehi-Reyhani. "Microfluidics for Artificial Life: Techniques for Bottom-Up Synthetic Biology." Micromachines 10, no. 5 (April 30, 2019): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10050299.

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Synthetic biology is a rapidly growing multidisciplinary branch of science that exploits the advancement of molecular and cellular biology. Conventional modification of pre-existing cells is referred to as the top-down approach. Bottom-up synthetic biology is an emerging complementary branch that seeks to construct artificial cells from natural or synthetic components. One of the aims in bottom-up synthetic biology is to construct or mimic the complex pathways present in living cells. The recent, and rapidly growing, application of microfluidics in the field is driven by the central tenet of the bottom-up approach—the pursuit of controllably generating artificial cells with precisely defined parameters, in terms of molecular and geometrical composition. In this review we survey conventional methods of artificial cell synthesis and their limitations. We proceed to show how microfluidic approaches have been pivotal in overcoming these limitations and ushering in a new generation of complexity that may be imbued in artificial cells and the milieu of applications that result.

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Gong, Xiping, Yumeng Zhang, and Jianhan Chen. "Advanced Sampling Methods for Multiscale Simulation of Disordered Proteins and Dynamic Interactions." Biomolecules 11, no. 10 (September 28, 2021): 1416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom11101416.

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Intrinsically disordered proteins (IDPs) are highly prevalent and play important roles in biology and human diseases. It is now also recognized that many IDPs remain dynamic even in specific complexes and functional assemblies. Computer simulations are essential for deriving a molecular description of the disordered protein ensembles and dynamic interactions for a mechanistic understanding of IDPs in biology, diseases, and therapeutics. Here, we provide an in-depth review of recent advances in the multi-scale simulation of disordered protein states, with a particular emphasis on the development and application of advanced sampling techniques for studying IDPs. These techniques are critical for adequate sampling of the manifold functionally relevant conformational spaces of IDPs. Together with dramatically improved protein force fields, these advanced simulation approaches have achieved substantial success and demonstrated significant promise towards the quantitative and predictive modeling of IDPs and their dynamic interactions. We will also discuss important challenges remaining in the atomistic simulation of larger systems and how various coarse-grained approaches may help to bridge the remaining gaps in the accessible time- and length-scales of IDP simulations.

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Ajduk, Anna, and Maciej Szkulmowski. "Light microscopy of mammalian gametes and embryos: methods and applications." International Journal of Developmental Biology 63, no. 3-4-5 (2019): 235–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1387/ijdb.180300aa.

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In recent years, we have witnessed an unprecedented advancement of light microscopy techniques which has allowed us to better understand biological processes occurring during oogenesis and early embryonic development in mammals. In short, two modes of cellular imaging are now available: those involving fluorescent labels and those which are fluorophore-free. Fluorescence microscopy, in its various forms, is used predominantly in research, as it provides detailed information about cellular processes; however, it can involove an increased risk of photodamage. Fluorophore-free techniques provide, on the other hand, a smaller amount of biological data but they are safer for cells and therefore can be potentially used in a clinical setting. Here, we review various fluorescence and fluorophore-free visualisation approaches and discuss their applicability in developmental biology and reproductive medicine.

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Massino, Yulia S., Yulia N. Tarakanova, Olga L. Segal, Anastasia A. Pechelyulko, Dinora A. Yakovleva, Maria V. Lichutina, Dmitriy A. Dmitriev, and Alexander D. Dmitriev. "Monoclonal antibody techniques. 50 years of development." Journal of microbiology, epidemiology and immunobiology 101, no. 3 (July 16, 2024): 412–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.36233/0372-9311-486.

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Monoclonal antibodies are widely used in all fields of biology and medicine. The emergence and development of the technology for their production revolutionized immunology and allowed the creation of not only new diagnostic methods, but also many effective drugs. The purpose of our review is to analyze and summarize relevant data concerning the technology of obtaining monoclonal antibodies. We have analyzed information from 70 modern literary sources devoted to various methods of obtaining them. In this review, we tried to cover the entire range of methods used to obtain monoclonal antibodies today.

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DIMAGGIO, PETER A., SCOTT R. MCALLISTER, CHRISTODOULOS A. FLOUDAS, XIAO-JIANG FENG, JOSHUA D. RABINOWITZ, and HERSCHEL A. RABITZ. "OPTIMAL METHODS FOR RE-ORDERING DATA MATRICES IN SYSTEMS BIOLOGY AND DRUG DISCOVERY APPLICATIONS." Biophysical Reviews and Letters 03, no. 01n02 (April 2008): 19–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s1793048008000605.

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The analysis of large-scale data sets via clustering techniques is utilized in a number of applications. Many of the methods developed employ local search or heuristic strategies for identifying the "best" arrangement of features according to some metric. In this article, we present rigorous clustering methods based on the optimal re-ordering of data matrices. Distinct mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) models are utilized for the clustering of (a) dense data matrices, such as gene expression data, and (b) sparse data matrices, which are commonly encountered in the field of drug discovery. Both methods can be used in an iterative framework to bicluster data and assist in the synthesis of drug compounds, respectively. We demonstrate the capability of the proposed optimal re-ordering methods on several data sets from both systems biology and molecular discovery studies and compare our results to other clustering techniques when applicable.

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Roth, Bradley J. "Magneto-Acoustic Imaging in Biology." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 18, 2023): 3877. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063877.

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This review examines the use of magneto-acoustic methods to measure electrical conductivity. It focuses on two techniques developed in the last two decades: Magneto-Acoustic Tomography with Magnetic Induction (MAT-MI) and Magneto-Acousto-Electrical Tomography (MAET). These developments have the potential to change the way medical doctors image biological tissue.

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Schultz, Carsten. "Methods in Molecular Biology 319: Cell Imaging Techniques: Methods and Protocols. Edited by Douglas J. Taatjes and Brooke T. Mossman." ChemBioChem 7, no. 6 (May 24, 2006): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbic.200600187.

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Rife, Gwynne S. "Water Bears & Pillbugs: Two Invertebrate Models That Offer Authentic Opportunities to Explore Research Methods in Biology." American Biology Teacher 72, no. 6 (August 1, 2010): 345–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/abt.2010.72.6.6.

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Biological research entails myriad techniques and considerations for proper experimental design and data collection. The duality of field-based research techniques and laboratory protocols makes introducing this topic to high school and undergraduate college students a challenge. Two invertebrate models that serve as wonderful tools to support an inquiry process to balance techniques in the field and in the laboratory are terrestrial isopods and water bears. Both are easy to collect and rear, are relatively little-known species, and offer the chance for students to work directly with aspects of natural history, ecology, and biology. The 10-step process presented here offers an outline to follow in guiding students through a research cycle in the course of a semester (16 weeks).

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Waldherr, Steffen. "Estimation methods for heterogeneous cell population models in systems biology." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 147 (October 2018): 20180530. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0530.

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Heterogeneity among individual cells is a characteristic and relevant feature of living systems. A range of experimental techniques to investigate this heterogeneity is available, and multiple modelling frameworks have been developed to describe and simulate the dynamics of heterogeneous populations. Measurement data are used to adjust computational models, which results in parameter and state estimation problems. Methods to solve these estimation problems need to take the specific properties of data and models into account. The aim of this review is to give an overview on the state of the art in estimation methods for heterogeneous cell population data and models. The focus is on models based on the population balance equation, but stochastic and individual-based models are also discussed. It starts with a brief discussion of common experimental approaches and types of measurement data that can be obtained in this context. The second part describes computational modelling frameworks for heterogeneous populations and the types of estimation problems occurring for these models. The third part starts with a discussion of observability and identifiability properties, after which the computational methods to solve the various estimation problems are described.

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Johnson, Jodi L., and Erwin Tschachler. "Goodbye Simple: Introducing the “Methods and Techniques for Skin Research” Series." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 142, no. 7 (July 2022): 1761–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2022.03.018.

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Doody, J. Sean, John Roe, Phillip Mayes, and Lesley Ishiyama. "Telemetry tagging methods for some freshwater reptiles." Marine and Freshwater Research 60, no. 4 (2009): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/mf08158.

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Reptiles are often ignored or under-studied in freshwater systems. An understanding of their biology and thus their role in aquatic communities can be greatly advanced by studies using radio telemetry. In turn, the value of radio telemetry for research depends on the availability of suitable and reliable methods of attaching or implanting radio transmitters. The present study describes transmitter attachment and implantation techniques for selected freshwater reptiles, including the eastern and northern long-necked turtles (Chelodina longicollis and Chelodina rugosa, respectively), the pig-nosed turtle (Carettochelys insculpta), Mertens’ water monitor (Varanus mertensi) and the water dragon (Physignathus lesueurii). The effectiveness of the methods for each species is described and the potential pitfalls and challenges of each method are discussed. The literature abounds with techniques for attachment and implantation techniques, and the methods used in the present study are not wholly novel. The aim, however, is to provide detailed summaries, in one paper, of effective methods for attachment and implantation of radio-tags for freshwater reptiles with a diversity of sizes, shapes and attachment surfaces. Despite the focus on Australian freshwater reptiles, these methods are applicable to aquatic reptiles worldwide.

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Sosinsky, Gina, and Mark Ellisman. "Computational Advances and Enabling Technologies for 3D Microscopies in Biology." Microscopy and Microanalysis 3, S2 (August 1997): 1135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927600012563.

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Approaches for exploration of biological structures with modern 3D microscopy techniques are expanding rapidly. These technological advances include not only the imaging of structures, but also the computational reconstruction methods for calculating three-dimensional structures. The computational techniques used to investigate the three-dimensional structure of macromolecular complexes, organelles or cells include crystallographic reconstruction, helical reconstruction, icosahedral reconstruction, single particle reconstruction, electron tomography and serial section reconstruction. These techniques have particularly useful in determining structures which are too small for light microscopy or too large for NMR or X-Ray structure determination or structures for which crystals are not available or order in the crystals is limited.Advances in microscopes and associated computational capabilities have been substantial over the last few years. In this session, presentations will examine technical aspects and methods for three-dimensional reconstruction of biological structures from images acquired by electron microscopy and analyzed using the computational reconstruction techniques listed above.

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Bendayan, Moise. "Electron Microscopy Methods and Protocols (Volume 17 of the Series on Methods in Molecular Biology), Edited by M.A. Nasser Hajibagheri 1999. Humana Press, Totowa, NJ. xi + 281 pages. ($89.50)." Microscopy and Microanalysis 5, no. 5 (September 1999): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1431927699000227.

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At first glance, this book seems to come up short with regard to the application of electron microscopy in biological sciences. However, one has to consider that it is part of a series on molecular biology. The purpose here was not to collect a large variety of techniques related to electron microscopy but rather to focus on methods in molecular morphology. In this context, the book offers 15 short (some very short) chapters dealing with morphological approaches related to and used in molecular biology.

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Djamgoz, M. B. A. "Neuromethods, volume 14—Neurophysiological techniques. Basic methods and concepts." Neurochemistry International 21, no. 2 (September 1992): 304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0197-0186(92)90163-l.

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Jordan, Bertrand R. "Megabase methods: A quantum jump in recombinant DNA techniques." BioEssays 8, no. 5 (May 1988): 140–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950080503.

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AMAN, Serge Stephane, Behou Gerard N'GUESSAN, Djama Djoman Alfred AGBO, and Tiemoman KONE. "Search engine Performance optimization: methods and techniques." F1000Research 12 (January 16, 2024): 1317. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.140393.2.

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Background With the rapid advancement of information technology, search engine optimisation (SEO) has become crucial for enhancing the visibility and relevance of online content. In this context, the use of cloud platforms like Microsoft Azure is being explored to bolster SEO capabilities. Methods This scientific article offers an in-depth study of search engine optimisation. It explores the different methods and techniques used to improve the performance and efficiency of a search engine, focusing on key aspects such as result relevance, search speed and user experience. The article also presents case studies and concrete examples to illustrate the practical application of optimisation techniques. Results The results demonstrate the importance of optimisation in delivering high quality search results and meeting the increasing demands of users. Conclusions The article addresses the enhancement of search engines through the Microsoft Azure infrastructure and its associated components. It highlights methods such as indexing, semantic analysis, parallel searches, and caching to strengthen the relevance of results, speed up searches, and optimise the user experience. Following the application of these methods, a marked improvement was observed in these areas, thereby showcasing the capability of Microsoft Azure in enhancing search engines. The study sheds light on the implementation and analysis of these Azure-focused techniques, introduces a methodology for assessing their efficacy, and details the specific benefits of each method. Looking forward, the article suggests integrating artificial intelligence to elevate the relevance of results, venturing into other cloud infrastructures to boost performance, and evaluating these methods in specific scenarios, such as multimedia information search. In summary, with Microsoft Azure, the enhancement of search engines appears promising, with increased relevance and a heightened user experience in a rapidly evolving sector.

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Huang, Jihong, Zhen Wang, Ling Fan, and Sen Ma. "A review of wheat starch analyses: Methods, techniques, structure and function." International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 203 (April 2022): 130–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.01.149.

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Stephen, Craig. "Capture-Recapture Methods in Epidemiological Studies." Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology 17, no. 4 (April 1996): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s019594170000388x.

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AbstractMedical researchers often are faced with the challenge of estimating the total number of cases in a population based on incomplete samples. Because of a lack of explicit methods for determining if all cases have been counted, indirect methods for estimating the abundance of disease have been developed. Capture-recapture models are an indirect method of estimating population sizes that have been employed in recent epidemiological studies. These methods, derived from techniques developed for studies of animal abundance, estimate the true population size by evaluating the degree of overlap among incomplete lists of cases from existing data sources. Although intuitively appealing, the successful application of these methods is dependent upon a clear understanding of the biology of the disorder involved, the dynamics of the reference population, and the assumptions and robustness of the specific models used. Failure to address these issues can lead to inaccurate and sometimes misleading results. This article describes some of the strengths and limitations of recapture techniques and provides the reader with a foundation from which to explore the methods in further detail.

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Zeng, Zhiqiang, Hua Shi, Yun Wu, and Zhiling Hong. "Survey of Natural Language Processing Techniques in Bioinformatics." Computational and Mathematical Methods in Medicine 2015 (2015): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/674296.

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Informatics methods, such as text mining and natural language processing, are always involved in bioinformatics research. In this study, we discuss text mining and natural language processing methods in bioinformatics from two perspectives. First, we aim to search for knowledge on biology, retrieve references using text mining methods, and reconstruct databases. For example, protein-protein interactions and gene-disease relationship can be mined from PubMed. Then, we analyze the applications of text mining and natural language processing techniques in bioinformatics, including predicting protein structure and function, detecting noncoding RNA. Finally, numerous methods and applications, as well as their contributions to bioinformatics, are discussed for future use by text mining and natural language processing researchers.

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Fox, John, and Christopher J. Rawlings. "Artificial intellugence and knowledge based systems in molecular biology." Knowledge Engineering Review 9, no. 3 (September 1994): 287–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0269888900006962.

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AbstractOver the last ten years, molecular biologists and computer scientists have experimented with various artificial intelligence techniques, notably knowledge based and expert systems, qualitative simulation, natural language processing and various machine learning techniques. These techniques have been applied to problems in molecular data analysis, construction of advanced databases and modelling of biological systems. Practical results are now being obtained, notably in the representation and recognition of genetically significant structures, the assembly of genetic maps and prediction of the structure of complex molecules such as proteins. The paper outlines the principal methods used, surveys the findings to date, and identifies promising trends and current limitations.

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Evans, Martin. "Guide to techniques in mouse development (methods in enzymology vol. 225)." Trends in Biochemical Sciences 19, no. 12 (December 1994): 557–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0968-0004(94)90062-0.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Methods and techniques of biology'

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