Academic literature on the topic 'Methods and techniques of political science'
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Journal articles on the topic "Methods and techniques of political science"
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Kiel, L. Douglas. "The evolution of nonlinear dynamics in political science and public administration: Methods, modeling and momentum." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 5, no. 4 (2000): 265–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/s1026022600000571.
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This paper examines the evolution of the application of nonlinear dynamics and related methods to the study of political science and public administration throughout the 20th century. Some analysts understood the importance of nonlinearity to political and administrative studies in the early part of the century. More recently, a growing number of scholars understand that the political and administrative worlds are ripe with nonlinearity and thus amenable to nonlinear dynamical techniques and models. The current state of the application of both discrete and continuous time models in political science and public administration are presented. There is growing momentum in political and public administration studies that may serve to enhance the realism and applicability of these sciences to a nonlinear world.
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Baral, Uma Nath. "‘Research Data’ in Social Science Methods." Journal of Political Science 17 (February 6, 2017): 82–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jps.v17i0.20515.
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‘Research Data’ are facts, to be collected in fulfillment of the objectives of the research work. These are gathered through various means of scientific techniques and tools. They may be qualitative or quantitative or mixed form of these, depend more or less on the nature and types of research. We can get required data from primary as firsthand sources and secondary as external sources. There are various ways to collect data; the researcher can adopt the method of observation, interview, questionnaire survey, documentary and other techniques as per the research task and its limitation. Facts gathered through various sources and methods are treated as raw data. When they are refined and edited as per the requirement of research objectives, such accurate and verify data are the information to the research. Information collected from observation of measurement from within an attempt is made to develop generalization or conclusion is treated as research data. Thus, a scientific fact is a conclusion based on the best scientific data available of the moment.Journal of Political Science. Vol. 17, 2017, Page: 82-104
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Stukal, Denis, Vadim Belenkov, and Ilya Philippov. "Data science methods in political science research: analyzing protest activity in social media." Political Science (RU), no. 1 (2021): 46–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.31249/poln/2021.01.02.
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The advent of social media and increased digitization of social processes have had a dramatic impact on politics and, particularly, on political mobilization and communication. The political science methodology and toolkit have also adapted to these changes and absorbed a variety of new approaches and methods from the burgeoning field of data science. This paper provides an overview of some of the key methodological innovations to the political science toolkit drawn from data science and discusses the advantages and limitations of these new methods for studying protest activity and political mobilization in social media. We focus on supervised and unsupervised learning as two major groups of methods that can be applied to either facilitate data collection in almost real time or the analysis of big data on protest activity. We discuss overfitting, regularization, and hyperparameter selection via cross-validation in the context of supervised methods, and present topic modeling and social network analysis techniques within unsupervised methods. The strengths and weaknesses of these methods are illustrated with references to recent articles published in peerreviewed journals. We conclude the paper with a discussion of the emerging methods that have not been used in political mobilization research yet and are open for further exploration by political scientists.
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De Dreu, Carsten, and Peter Carnevale. "Disparate Methods and Common Findings in the Study of Negotiation." International Negotiation 10, no. 1 (2005): 193–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/1571806054741074.
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AbstractIn this article, we compare the relative popularity of a wide variety of methods and techniques used in the study of conflict and negotiation across five domains of inquiry: political science, communication sciences, social and personality psychology, economics, and organizational behavior. An analysis of articles on conflict and negotiation published between 1997 and 2001 suggests that laboratory experiments that entail coding of behavior and self-reported data using surveys are especially popular in psychology, organizational behavior, and communication sciences. Mathematical modeling, the use of experimental games, and the use of archival data are especially popular in economics and political science. Diverse methods can provide convergent insights, and this is observed clearly in work on gain-loss framing and on reciprocity in negotiation. We suggest that researchers adopt, or continue to employ, triangulation as an approach to validity: When two or more methods or data sources converge on a construct, we develop greater assurance that our conclusions are not driven by an error or artifact of any one procedure. Each method exhibits strengths and weaknesses, and to the extent they do not overlap but show common effects, we stand on more solid ground with our theoretical conclusions.
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Settle, Jaime E., Matthew V. Hibbing, Nicolas M. Anspach, Taylor N. Carlson, Chelsea M. Coe, Edward Hernandez, John Peterson, John Stuart, and Kevin Arceneaux. "Political psychophysiology." Politics and the Life Sciences 39, no. 1 (2020): 101–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/pls.2020.5.
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AbstractThe past decade has seen a rapid increase in the number of studies employing psychophysiological methods to explain variation in political attitudes and behavior. However, the collection, analysis, and interpretation of physiological data present novel challenges for political scientists unfamiliar with the underlying biological concepts and technical skills necessary for utilizing this approach. Our objective in this article is to maximize the effectiveness of future work utilizing psychophysiological measurement by providing guidance on how the techniques can be employed most fruitfully as a complement to, not a replacement for, existing methods. We develop clear, step-by-step instructions for how physiological research should be conducted and provide a discussion of the issues commonly faced by scholars working with these measures. Our hope is that this article will be a useful resource for both neophytes and experienced scholars in lowering the start-up costs to doing this work and assessing it as part of the peer review process. More broadly, in the spirit of the open science framework, we aim to foster increased communication, collaboration, and replication of findings across political science labs utilizing psychophysiological methods.
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Héroux-Legault, Maxime. "The Evolution of Methodological Techniques in the Canadian Journal of Political Science." Canadian Journal of Political Science 50, no. 1 (March 2017): 121–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008423917000099.
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AbstractThe article makes three contributions to our knowledge of the Canadian political science literature. First, it offers a historical survey of the methodologies and techniques used in the discipline. Second, the findings of this paper constitute a reference for future work interested in commenting the methods and techniques used in CJPS and provide scholars with data they can use to better situate their work within the broader literature. Finally, the paper answers three questions that permeate discussions of the Canadian political science literature. It investigates whether the proportion of qualitative works has declined over time, whether Canadian scholarship is more qualitative than quantitative today and whether there are important differences in the methodologies and techniques used in Canada and in the United States. The article concludes with a discussion of the future of political science methodology based on the findings.
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van Teijlingen, Edwin. "Book Review: Social Research: Theory, Methods and Techniques." Sociological Research Online 10, no. 2 (July 2005): 170–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/136078040501000207.
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Asal, Victor, Nakissa Jahanbani, Donnett Lee, and Jiacheng Ren. "Mini-Games for Teaching Political Science Methodology." PS: Political Science & Politics 51, no. 4 (July 3, 2018): 838–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1049096518000902.
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ABSTRACTStudents often find lectures on political science methodology difficult to grasp. Based on our success of simulations and games in teaching various political science theories, we created several mini-games to help students gain exposure in engaging ways with aspects of quantitative and qualitative methodology. We use techniques in which students learn through “gimmicks” (Schacht and Stewart 1990; 1992), for which they are the data points that they are studying. We believe that drawing conclusions based on what students do and think empowers them to better understand the sometimes tricky elements of political science methods. Each of the three games described in this article required little to no preparation time. We have used these mini-games in several courses and have received positive feedback from students about their utility. Thus, we are sharing them for more general use.
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Pitrelli, Nico. "Big data and digital methods in science communication research: opportunities, challenges and limits." Journal of Science Communication 16, no. 02 (June 21, 2017): C01. http://dx.doi.org/10.22323/2.16020301.
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Computational social science represents an interdisciplinary approach to the study of reality based on advanced computer tools. From economics to political science, from journalism to sociology, digital approaches and techniques for the analysis and management of large quantities of data have now been adopted in several disciplines. The papers in this JCOM commentary focus on the use of such approaches and techniques in the research on science communication. As the papers point out, the most significant advantages of a computational approach in this sector include the chance to open up a range of new research opportunities: from the study of technical and scientific controversies to citizen science, from the definition of new norms and practices for science journalism to open science issues. On the other hand, difficulties are shared with other areas of application. The main risk is that the large quantity of data available can overwhelm the importance of theory. Instead, as the papers in this commentary demonstrate, big data should push scientists to pursue a deeper epistemological and methodological reflection also in the research on science communication.
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Fu, Erjia, Junyuan Xiang, and Chuanhao Xiong. "Deep Learning Techniques for Sentiment Analysis." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 16 (November 10, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v16i.2065.
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Sentiment analysis covers a wide range of computational research, including research on the opinions, feelings, emotions, evaluations of people, and attitudes toward products, services, organizations, individuals, issues, events, topics, and their attributes. It plays an increasingly important role in the era of big data. In fact, it has spread from computer science to management and social sciences such as marketing, finance, political science, communications, medical science and even history, generating common interest throughout society due to its commercial importance. TEA is a basic task with the typical used of NLP methods which is full of interest, particularly for fine-grained classification of textual emotional content. It is the process of mastering, inductive analysis and reasoning about emotional content. Simply put, it is the process of analysing, processing, summarising and reasoning about emotive and subjective texts. The Internet generates a large numberof user reviews to gain valuable information about people, events and products. These reviews express a wide range of emotions and emotional tendencies, including joy, anger, sadness, delight, criticism and praise. Potential users can therefore view these subjective reviews to understand how public opinion views an event or product.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Methods and techniques of political science"
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Sebell, Dustin. "The Foundations and Methods of Classical Political Science." Thesis, Boston College, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:104184.
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Thesis advisor: Robert C. BartlettThis dissertation is an attempt to understand and assess the presuppositions and methods of classical political science. In the first of its two parts, the dissertation examines the meaning of the traditional view, held by authorities as far removed from one another as Cicero and Hobbes, that Socrates was the founder of political philosophy. It does so by considering the intellectual autobiography that Socrates famously delivers in Plato's Phaedo. Socrates turned to the study of pre-scientific, common-sense moral and political opinions only after he had rejected, as a very young man, both the materialist and the teleological natural science of his philosophic predecessors. It is the task of the dissertation's first part to show how the general revolution in scientific thought presented in the Phaedo, a revolution known as "the Socratic turn," laid the theoretical groundwork for classical political philosophy's characteristic focus on pre-scientific, common-sense moral distinctions. After examining "the Socratic turn," the dissertation then outlines in its second part the approach to the study of politics that Aristotle advanced on the basis of it. In particular, Aristotle's statements on the method of political science in book I of the Ethics are shown to rely on the basic insights obtained through "the turn."
Thesis (PhD) — Boston College, 2014
Submitted to: Boston College. Graduate School of Arts and Sciences
Discipline: Political Science
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Swasey, Charlotte (Charlotte A. ). "Finding the swing voter : definitions and survey methods for voter classification." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/107532.
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Thesis: S.M., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2016.Thesis: S.B., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Political Science, 2016.
Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 43-48).
This thesis proposes a theory mapping emotional reactions to political information onto a theory of vote decisionmaking and then further onto measurable survey response. Using on-line processing based in emotion, voters form affective summaries about candidates, which store previous information as an emotional response. The act of voting is treated as a single realization of a probabilistic event, with the relative probabilities of each vote option being an expression of the affective summary. These summaries are expressed as warmness or feeling towards each candidate, which can be captured using the ANES Feeling Thermometer scales. A metric of the difference between the scores given to the Republican and Democratic candidates is used, based in the work of William Mayer. This metric suffers from significant survey error, but is related to party ID and expressed vote choice, as well as demographic factors and perceived efficacy. Feeling thermometer responses are found to carry meaningful information about a respondent's relationship to the election and candidate preference.
by Charlotte Swasey.
S.M.
S.B.
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Swierkowski, Steven M. Burrell Robert M. "Tactics, methods and techniques to improve Special Forces in-service enlisted recruiting." Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2002. http://library.nps.navy.mil/uhtbin/hyperion-image/02Jun%5FSwierkowski.pdf.
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McGovern, Patrick Joseph. "A three ring circus: The disciplining and commodification of political science." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/280726.
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The purpose of this dissertation is to examine the impact of economic rationality upon the practice of political theory within the discipline of political science and its relationship with the larger modern political context in which they are embedded. This work addresses an interest in tying together the rise of economic rationality and the rise methodism within political theory with the decline of "epic" political theory and civil society. I argue here that the decline of civil society is tied in part to the commodification of political knowledge within the modern university system, and that the modern university system and its practices are inundated by market rationality and discourse. This is expressed in the practice of political theorists "capturing" the idea of the public and commodifying it through the peer-review journal process; the "public" becomes the medium through which political theory and science identifies itself as a discipline and its practitioners professionally. The public is not privy to understanding itself as a public and is cut off from its own intellectual means of coming to grips with its own identity. Notions and ideas about the public are "methodized" and "disciplined" and are traded among political scientists and theorists more out of private professional concern than concern for serving public interests or democratic ideals and values. The purpose of political science and theory is the analysis of power in all its dimensions. I argue that political theory's position to comment on the nature of power is itself compromised by the dominance of market rationality and methodism. Political theory's critical distance from the methodism of political science has been narrowed by the rise in the importance of the peer-reviewed article for "professional development." In order for political theory to engage the expansive, critical position of epic political theory, and thus public interest, it must address the issue and problems presented by peer-review, the nature of "progress" in the social sciences and come to engage an ethic of responsibility to democracy.
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Cherenet, Fasil W. "A study of the motivation and methods of involvement of the Ethiopian diaspora in the political process in Ethiopia since 1990." DigitalCommons@Robert W. Woodruff Library, Atlanta University Center, 2014. http://digitalcommons.auctr.edu/dissertations/1517.
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This study addresses the transnational political relationship of the Ethiopian Diaspora in the United States with the homeland, Ethiopia, since the 1990s. It does so by investigating what the motivating factors and the methods of political participation are, if any. To this end, a four-part bilingual (Amharic/English) online and hard copy survey with open and close-ended questions was used. Over 300 members of the Ethiopian Diaspora in the United States completed the survey, which is the basis of the observations made in the dissertation. The Ethiopian Diaspora is considered to be a newer Diaspora; however, the number of Ethiopians living abroad has significantly increased since the 1970s. The research confirms these Ethiopians demonstrate their affinity and connection to the homeland through social cultural events such as sporting events, attending religious services, concerts and festivals, and even by traveling frequently to Ethiopia, thus celebrating their connection to the homeland.
The research also shows that although Ethiopians have a very strong interest in seeing a better Ethiopia, a majority do not seem to be motivated enough to participate in transnational political activities. This is due to their mistrust of the political leadership and the absence of the lack of a democratic culture within the Ethiopian Diaspora. The few that are motivated to participate are focused more on peripheral activities or methods of political participation.
According to the findings of this research, factors such as class, gender, age, immigration generation, and education are not central in determining the individual political participation of the respondents. Most of the respondents are also opposed to an armed struggle and believe in peaceful methods of struggle to bring meaningful change in the Ethiopian political system.
Although the legal and political framework in the United States is conducive for political activism, power struggle and internal disunity have contributed to the minimal level of engagement of the Ethiopian Diaspora. The Diaspora has a huge potential and capacity to become an important transnational force and a catalyst for change. Future research may shed light on how to mobilize this untapped force.
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Wong, Wai Yee Peter. "Design and performance evaluation of access methods and heuristic techniques for implementing document ranking strategies /." The Ohio State University, 1991. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14877581782358.
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Le, Minh-Tam. "Feature Selection for Diffusion Methods Within a Supervised Context." Thesis, Yale University, 2015. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=3582256.
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We apply diffusion geometry to sociopolitical and public health datasets. Our specific goal is to reveal hidden trends and narratives behind UN voting records and alcohol questionnaire response patterns. Importantly, seeking those hidden variables in a supervised context, e.g. alcohol-abuse, can be problematic for diffusion geometry. We suggest two approaches to deal with these shortcomings. First, we develop a correlation-based hierarchical clustering algorithm that exposes sub-patterns in the feature (response) space; this works in the UN voting context. Second, we introduce a feature selection algorithm based on a second-order correlation measure to guide diffusion embeddings; this significantly improves the performance of diffusion methods in the alcohol context. Together they suggest how to structure embeddings when there exist strong correlations among features irrelevant to a given labeling function.
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Kim, Soon-Kyeong. "A metamodel-based approach to integrate object-oriented graphical and formal specification techniques /." St. Lucia, Qld, 2001. http://www.library.uq.edu.au/pdfserve.php?image=thesisabs/absthe16467.pdf.
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JAIN, RACHANA. "IMPROVED TECHNIQUES IN GRAPH DRAWING USING FORCE DIRECTED METHODS FOR MODERATE SIZE GRAPHS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2004. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1081543392.
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Camiña, Steven L. "A comparison of taxonomy generation techniques using bibliometric methods : applied to research strategy formulation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/62632.
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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2010.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 86-87).
This paper investigates the modeling of research landscapes through the automatic generation of hierarchical structures (taxonomies) comprised of terms related to a given research field. Several different taxonomy generation algorithms are discussed and analyzed within this paper, each based on the analysis of a data set of bibliometric information obtained from a credible online publication database. Taxonomy generation algorithms considered include the Dijsktra-Jamik-Prim's (DJP) algorithm, Kruskal's algorithm, Edmond's algorithm, Heymann algorithm, and the Genetic algorithm. Evaluative experiments are run that attempt to determine which taxonomy generation algorithm would most likely output a taxonomy that is a valid representation of the underlying research landscape.
by Steven L. Camiña.
M.Eng.
Books on the topic "Methods and techniques of political science"
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1946-, Marsh David, and Stoker Gerry, eds. Theory and methods in political science. Basingstoke, Hampshire: Macmillan, 1995.
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Biereenu-Nnabugwu, Makodi. Methodology of political inquiry: Issues and techniques of research methods in political science. Enugu, Nigeria: Quintagon Publishers, 2006.
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Building competences for spatial planners: Methods and techniques for performing tasks with efficiency. Abingdon, Oxon [England]: Routledge, 2011.
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Bernard, H. Russell. Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. 2nd ed. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, 1994.
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Research methods in anthropology: Qualitative and quantitative approaches. 4th ed. Lanham, MD: AltaMira Press, 2005.
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A, Bremer Stuart, ed. The Globus model: Computer simulation of worldwide political and economic developments. Frankfurt am Main: Campus Verlag, 1987.
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S, Bonchek Mark, ed. Analyzing politics: Rationality, behavior, and institutions. New York: W.W. Norton, 1997.
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Politics and uncertainty: Theory, models, and applications. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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1958-, Watts Simon, and Halliwell Lyndsay 1964-, eds. Essential environmental science: Methods & techniques. London: Routledge, 1996.
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Inc, ebrary, ed. Research methodology: Methods & techniques. 2nd ed. New Delhi: New Age International (P) Ltd., Publishers, 2004.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Methods and techniques of political science"
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Amaro, Ana, Carla Henriques, and Clara Viseu. "EU Operational Programmes Reporting: From Basics to Practices." In Springer Proceedings in Political Science and International Relations, 149–66. Cham: Springer Nature Switzerland, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-18161-0_10.
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AbstractWe examine the main existing challenges that currently arise in the assessment of European Union (EU) funds devoted to three thematic objectives (TOs): Research and Innovation (R&I); Low-carbon economy (LCE); and Information and Communication Technologies (ICT). In this regard, a literature review on the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) initiatives is performed, with a special focus on the Portuguese (PT) case, also addressing their assessment and reporting practices. Data systematization is coupled with the European Commission (EC)’s main guidelines and with the guidance recommendations brought by Management authorities (MA) for the 2014–2020 period. A bibliometric analysis is conducted to further understand the current research interest in the evaluation of EU funds, and the type of assessment methods and reporting practices employed. Most of the approaches rely on cost–benefit analysis and place less attention on data availability, variable selection, and monitoring/assessment options. The selection and application of the framework indicators, either related to their financial execution or achievement, are assumed as critical factors concerning the monitoring, reporting, and assessment processes. Our findings emphasize the need for harmonization and simplification of the reporting techniques, also highlighting the sparse data availability and some reporting conflicts.
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Bodrunova, Svetlana S. "Topic Modeling in Russia: Current Approaches and Issues in Methodology." In The Palgrave Handbook of Digital Russia Studies, 409–26. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-42855-6_23.
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AbstractTopic modeling as an instrument of probabilistic clustering for text collections has gained particular attention within the computational social science in Russia. This chapter looks at how topic modeling techniques have been developed and employed by the Russian scholars, both for Russian and other languages. We divide the works on topic modeling into methodological, applied, relational, and those dedicated to modeling quality assessment. While the methodological studies are the most developed, the works explaining the substance of the Russian-language discussions cover an important niche in political and social science. However, there is a gap between method-oriented works that treat Russian as “language as such” and the works by computational linguists who focus on Russian but treat topic modeling as a method of secondary importance.
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Mukherjee, S. P., Bikas K. Sinha, and Asis Kumar Chattopadhyay. "Scaling Techniques." In Statistical Methods in Social Science Research, 39–52. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2146-7_4.
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Lowndes, Vivien, Frank Mols, and Paul’t Hart. "Political Psychology." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 142–57. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1057/978-1-137-60353-1_9.
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’t Hart, Paul. "Political Psychology." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 99–113. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36664-0_6.
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Allara, David, and Josh Stapleton. "Methods of IR Spectroscopy for Surfaces and Thin Films." In Surface Science Techniques, 59–98. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34243-1_3.
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Schmidt, Diane E. "Format and Examples of Assignments Requiring Special Techniques." In Writing in Political Science, 368–464. Fifth Edition. | New York: Routledge, 2018. | “Fourth edition published by Pearson Education, Inc. 2010”—T.p. verso.: Routledge, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351252843-13.
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Mukherjee, S. P., Bikas K. Sinha, and Asis Kumar Chattopadhyay. "Randomized Response Techniques." In Statistical Methods in Social Science Research, 13–27. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2146-7_2.
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Mukherjee, S. P., Bikas K. Sinha, and Asis Kumar Chattopadhyay. "Data Integration Techniques." In Statistical Methods in Social Science Research, 53–60. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-2146-7_5.
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Devine, Fiona. "Qualitative Methods." In Theory and Methods in Political Science, 197–215. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-62889-2_10.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Methods and techniques of political science"
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Pavel, Anamaria. "IT&C IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR POLITICAL SCIENCE." In eLSE 2017. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-17-030.
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The field of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) is relatively new. While Legalese and English for Business become early on clearly distinctive parts of English for Specific Purposes due to the quite numerous implied professional categories using it, Technical and Medical English follow right after. Once English turned into the new lingua franca for diplomacy, English for Political Science distinguishes itself as an obvious branch of study for non-native learners of English with vested interests in the domains of political science, international relations, sociology, psychology, and not only. In Romania, teaching English for Political Science could be considered an innovation, since it was recently developed. Using IT&C while implementing a whole new set of vocabulary is both challenging and beneficial for professionals in the field. New generations of students and young practitioners are tuned to new technology and ground-breaking devices, expecting nevertheless to use gadgets and virtual tools while accessing new information and knowledge in the process of learning. It is only natural to adapt to such a wonderful and revolutionary century and dare to be creative, innovative, and constantly renew your teaching methods to boost the learning environment. Blending IT&C in the process of acquiring a language facilitates modern teaching techniques, "flips" the classroom and builds interest in your audience. The present paper describes a way in which blended learning, flipped classroom and Controlled Linguistic Immersion increase overall class proficiency, boost performance and trigger long term specialized language acquisition processes. We attempt to pull together the English for Political Science and the new technology in an accessible and friendly way.
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Jacintho, Lucas Henrique Mantovani, Tiago Pinho Da Silva, Antonio Rafael Sabino Parmezan, and Gustavo Enrique de Almeida Prado Alves Batista. "Brazilian Presidential Elections: Analysing Voting Patterns in Time and Space Using a Simple Data Science Pipeline." In Symposium on Knowledge Discovery, Mining and Learning. Sociedade Brasileira de Computação, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5753/kdmile.2020.11979.
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Since 1989, the first year of the democratic presidential election after a long period of a dictatorship regime, Brazil conducted eight presidential elections. This period was marked by short and long-term shifts of power and two impeachment processes. Such instability is a case of study in electoral studies, e.g., the study of the population voting behavior. Understanding patterns in the population behavior can give us insight into factors and influences that affect the quality of democratic political decisions. In light of this, our paper focuses on analyzing the Brazilian presidential election voting behavior across the years and the Brazilian territory. Following a data science pipeline, we divided the analysis process into five steps: (i) data selection; (ii) data preprocessing; (iii) identification of spatial patterns, in which we seek to understand the role of space in the election results using spatial autocorrelation techniques; (iv) identification of temporal patterns, where we investigate similar trends of votes over the years using a hierarchical clustering method; and (v) evaluation of the results. It is noteworthy that the data in this work represents the election results at the municipal level, from 1994 to 2018, of the two most relevant parties of this period: the Brazilian Social Democracy Party (PSDB) and the Workers’ Party (PT). Through the results obtained, we found the existence of spatial dependence in every electoral year investigated. Moreover, despite the changes in the political-economic context over the years, neighboring cities seem to present similar voting behavior trends.
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Fierbinteanu, Cristina, and Ioan Morariu. "DEMYTHOLOGIZING DISTANCE LEARNING PLATFORMS." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-080.
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Distance learning software platforms represent a technology opportunity whose potential pedagogical impact still needs to be researched. This paper will refer to our experience using distributed learning environments in different departments (law, computer science, social, political and humanistic sciences) at Titu Maiorescu University. We are arguing that eLearning platforms can strengthen academia if they are perceived as a supplement for classroom teaching rather than a replacement for it and offer counterexamples to some "eLearning platform myths" that we noticed in our discussions with faculty members. Some of these myths are: - Distance learning software platforms will fail because face-to-face discussions with professors and fellow students do not work in this format; - Distance learning software platforms distract faculty who should be focusing on improving their on-campus pedagogy; - Automatically graded quizzes are not useful in law and humanistic sciences courses; - Computer supported learning will replace faculty and teaching assistants, thus lowering educational quality. We compare different approaches (Moodle, AeL, social networks), showing their advantages and disadvantages from the perspective of our university's needs and vision. From the same point of view we propose further developments of the platforms considered. Our future work includes the use of inferential statistics techniques to extract information from test results (e.g. which questions are more difficult, which ones test comparable concepts, which ones have better effects on learning outcomes, etc.). This information could then be used by faculty to enhance classroom teaching. We also envisage undertaking multidisciplinary research in order to devise methods to determine the approaches that have better effects on learning outcomes, similarly to the way in which e-commerce sites evaluate user experiences.
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Liang, Yan, Khaled Jabr, Christan Grant, Jill Irvine, and Andrew Halterman. "New Techniques for Coding Political Events across Languages." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Information Reuse and Integration for Data Science (IRI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iri.2018.00020.
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Kharisov, Firaz, and Chulpan Kharisova. "INNOVATIONS IN NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE EDUCATION." In eLSE 2014. Editura Universitatii Nationale de Aparare "Carol I", 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-14-096.
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INNOVATION IN NON-NATIVE LANGUAGE EDUCATION Education system both in Russia and abroad has its own traditions and customs established throughout the centuries. In some educational institutions there were used non-conventional teaching methods along with traditional ones. However we are aware of the fact that both in those old times and now educational and pedagogic work was founded on the Jan Amos Comenius teaching, that was published in Didactica Magna (1638) that contains 'universal art of teaching everyone everything...'. Despite the fact that every country establishes specific educational systems which capture the peculiarities of socio-political framework and national and cultural differences, there is a certain degree of commonality among them. We understand 'innovation' as a certain novelty that was specifically developed or accidentally discovered through the pedagogical practice. Authors give different meanings to 'novelty' and 'innovation'. Novelty is a new means (new method, new methodology, technology etc.), while Innovation is the process of adopting that means. Innovational teaching is focused on developing an individual who is adaptable to constant changes in society, living conditions, to effective and durable acquisition of science basics by means of developing creative capabilities, thinking, and communication skills through new technology. When using innovation technologies, there occurs transition from lesson (task) systems as a teaching process to a lesson as 'a leading form of living' (lesson-creation, lesson-labor, lesson-communication, lesson-friendship, lesson-meeting, lesson-concerto, lesson-conversation, integrated lesson, lesson-roundtable, lesson-craft, etc.), Innovative approaches when teaching non-native language can be considered from the point of view of innovation-modernization of the teaching process, whereby the result is guaranteed as in traditional reproductive orientation. Technological approach to teaching concerns communicating certain knowledge to a student, forming a certain set of actions based on an example offered by a teacher; innovation-transformation which changes traditional understanding of the educational process and supports the research nature of the cognitive activity. Exploratory approach has an ability to transform traditional learning based on productive activity, which guarantees meeting certain goals and results. Teaching languages by using innovative technologies implies organizing the teaching process in a new, oriented at foreseeing the end results, stimulating students to dynamic communicative activities dialogue which fully leverages the emotional and intellectual potential. By 'technology' we mean a set of methods and techniques, which are used by teachers, as well as educational materials that are used when teaching Tatar language (educational-methodical system, computer technologies, video and audio, etc.). Educational-methodological systems that have been developed in recent years are communication-oriented and contain multiple tests that allow for self-control and teacher-control. Essentially, they bring communication in a non-native language close to natural environment. There are several goals of using modern technologies for teaching non-native languages, o Increasing motivation and interest in studying; o Strengthening cognitive activity; o Creating comfortable environment, the atmosphere of mutual understanding and support when communicating in non-native language; o Developing creative potential and skills, developing initiative. Using new educational technologies implies that the teacher should act in numerous roles: be a producer, a teacher, a student, an organizer of certain type of activity (e.g. games), a consultant, etc. Dr. Firaz F. Kharisov, Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Kazan Federal University Chulpan M. Kharisova, Professor, Doctor of Pedagogical Sciences, Kazan Federal University
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Zajcev, D. F., and V. A. Pavlyukevich. "Material production practice in the aspect of changing methods nature management." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-02-2020-01.
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Bogatishcheva, K. YU. "Justification of accounting policies and decision-making methods in accounting accounting." In Scientific dialogue: Questions of philosophy, sociology, history, political science. ЦНК МОАН, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/spc-01-05-2020-08.
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Maisyura, Cut Sukmawati, Risna Dewi, and Arinanda. "Analysis Of Cash On Delivery (Cod) Payment Methods In Online Shopping Transactions In Indonesia." In 2nd International Conference on Social Science, Political Science, and Humanities (ICoSPOLHUM 2021). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/assehr.k.220302.040.
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Ghodake, Yogesh Shankar, Dipak V. Bhosale, and Sushil S. Kulkarni. "Image Processing: Methods, Techniques, Applications Review." In National Conference on Relevance of Engineering and Science for Environment and Society. AIJR Publisher, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21467/proceedings.118.30.
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Nowadays, image processing became very important especially in real-time where the results of real-time image processing failures can be severe; therefore, the study and research in methods of real-time image processing are of extreme significance. The main contribution of this paper is to provide an overview of the current state of real-time image processing research (Applications), the relevant techniques, and methods.
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Gerasymenko, Olga, Nataliia Katelevska, and Moza Abdelmordy. "PREVENTION OF DEPRESSION DEVELOPMENT IN CONTINUIG SELF-ISOLATION BY PSYCHOHYGIENIC METHODS." In PUBLIC COMMUNICATION IN SCIENCE: PHILOSOPHICAL, CULTURAL, POLITICAL, ECONOMIC AND IT CONTEXT. European Scientific Platform, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36074/15.05.2020.v3.03.
Full textReports on the topic "Methods and techniques of political science"
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Millis, Andrew. Many Body Methods from Chemistry to Physics: Novel Computational Techniques for Materials-Specific Modelling: A Computational Materials Science and Chemistry Network. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1332662.
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Atkinson, Dan, and Alex Hale, eds. From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report. Society of Antiquaries of Scotland, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/scarf.09.2012.126.
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The main recommendations of the panel report can be summarised under four headings: 1. From Source to Sea: River systems, from their source to the sea and beyond, should form the focus for research projects, allowing the integration of all archaeological work carried out along their course. Future research should take a holistic view of the marine and maritime historic environment, from inland lakes that feed freshwater river routes, to tidal estuaries and out to the open sea. This view of the landscape/seascape encompasses a very broad range of archaeology and enables connections to be made without the restrictions of geographical or political boundaries. Research strategies, programmes From Source to Sea: ScARF Marine and Maritime Panel Report iii and projects can adopt this approach at multiple levels; from national to site-specific, with the aim of remaining holistic and cross-cutting. 2. Submerged Landscapes: The rising research profile of submerged landscapes has recently been embodied into a European Cooperation in Science and Technology (COST) Action; Submerged Prehistoric Archaeology and Landscapes of the Continental Shelf (SPLASHCOS), with exciting proposals for future research. Future work needs to be integrated with wider initiatives such as this on an international scale. Recent projects have begun to demonstrate the research potential for submerged landscapes in and beyond Scotland, as well as the need to collaborate with industrial partners, in order that commercially-created datasets can be accessed and used. More data is required in order to fully model the changing coastline around Scotland and develop predictive models of site survival. Such work is crucial to understanding life in early prehistoric Scotland, and how the earliest communities responded to a changing environment. 3. Marine & Maritime Historic Landscapes: Scotland’s coastal and intertidal zones and maritime hinterland encompass in-shore islands, trans-continental shipping lanes, ports and harbours, and transport infrastructure to intertidal fish-traps, and define understanding and conceptualisation of the liminal zone between the land and the sea. Due to the pervasive nature of the Marine and Maritime historic landscape, a holistic approach should be taken that incorporates evidence from a variety of sources including commercial and research archaeology, local and national societies, off-shore and onshore commercial development; and including studies derived from, but not limited to history, ethnology, cultural studies, folklore and architecture and involving a wide range of recording techniques ranging from photography, laser imaging, and sonar survey through to more orthodox drawn survey and excavation. 4. Collaboration: As is implicit in all the above, multi-disciplinary, collaborative, and cross-sector approaches are essential in order to ensure the capacity to meet the research challenges of the marine and maritime historic environment. There is a need for collaboration across the heritage sector and beyond, into specific areas of industry, science and the arts. Methods of communication amongst the constituent research individuals, institutions and networks should be developed, and dissemination of research results promoted. The formation of research communities, especially virtual centres of excellence, should be encouraged in order to build capacity.
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Yatsymirska, Mariya. SOCIAL EXPRESSION IN MULTIMEDIA TEXTS. Ivan Franko National University of Lviv, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.30970/vjo.2021.49.11072.
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The article investigates functional techniques of extralinguistic expression in multimedia texts; the effectiveness of figurative expressions as a reaction to modern events in Ukraine and their influence on the formation of public opinion is shown. Publications of journalists, broadcasts of media resonators, experts, public figures, politicians, readers are analyzed. The language of the media plays a key role in shaping the worldview of the young political elite in the first place. The essence of each statement is a focused thought that reacts to events in the world or in one’s own country. The most popular platform for mass information and social interaction is, first of all, network journalism, which is characterized by mobility and unlimited time and space. Authors have complete freedom to express their views in direct language, including their own word formation. Phonetic, lexical, phraseological and stylistic means of speech create expression of the text. A figurative word, a good aphorism or proverb, a paraphrased expression, etc. enhance the effectiveness of a multimedia text. This is especially important for headlines that simultaneously inform and influence the views of millions of readers. Given the wide range of issues raised by the Internet as a medium, research in this area is interdisciplinary. The science of information, combining language and social communication, is at the forefront of global interactions. The Internet is an effective source of knowledge and a forum for free thought. Nonlinear texts (hypertexts) – «branching texts or texts that perform actions on request», multimedia texts change the principles of information collection, storage and dissemination, involving billions of readers in the discussion of global issues. Mastering the word is not an easy task if the author of the publication is not well-read, is not deep in the topic, does not know the psychology of the audience for which he writes. Therefore, the study of media broadcasting is an important component of the professional training of future journalists. The functions of the language of the media require the authors to make the right statements and convincing arguments in the text. Journalism education is not only knowledge of imperative and dispositive norms, but also apodictic ones. In practice, this means that there are rules in media creativity that are based on logical necessity. Apodicticity is the first sign of impressive language on the platform of print or electronic media. Social expression is a combination of creative abilities and linguistic competencies that a journalist realizes in his activity. Creative self-expression is realized in a set of many important factors in the media: the choice of topic, convincing arguments, logical presentation of ideas and deep philological education. Linguistic art, in contrast to painting, music, sculpture, accumulates all visual, auditory, tactile and empathic sensations in a universal sign – the word. The choice of the word for the reproduction of sensory and semantic meanings, its competent use in the appropriate context distinguishes the journalist-intellectual from other participants in forums, round tables, analytical or entertainment programs. Expressive speech in the media is a product of the intellect (ability to think) of all those who write on socio-political or economic topics. In the same plane with him – intelligence (awareness, prudence), the first sign of which (according to Ivan Ogienko) is a good knowledge of the language. Intellectual language is an important means of organizing a journalistic text. It, on the one hand, logically conveys the author’s thoughts, and on the other – encourages the reader to reflect and comprehend what is read. The richness of language is accumulated through continuous self-education and interesting communication. Studies of social expression as an important factor influencing the formation of public consciousness should open up new facets of rational and emotional media broadcasting; to trace physical and psychological reactions to communicative mimicry in the media. Speech mimicry as one of the methods of disguise is increasingly becoming a dangerous factor in manipulating the media. Mimicry is an unprincipled adaptation to the surrounding social conditions; one of the most famous examples of an animal characterized by mimicry (change of protective color and shape) is a chameleon. In a figurative sense, chameleons are called adaptive journalists. Observations show that mimicry in politics is to some extent a kind of game that, like every game, is always conditional and artificial.
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Borrett, Veronica, Melissa Hanham, Gunnar Jeremias, Jonathan Forman, James Revill, John Borrie, Crister Åstot, et al. Science and Technology for WMD Compliance Monitoring and Investigations. The United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research, December 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.37559/wmd/20/wmdce11.
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The integration of novel technologies for monitoring and investigating compliance can enhance the effectiveness of regimes related to weapons of mass destruction (WMD). This report looks at the potential role of four novel approaches based on recent technological advances – remote sensing tools; open-source satellite data; open-source trade data; and artificial intelligence (AI) – in monitoring and investigating compliance with WMD treaties. The report consists of short essays from leading experts that introduce particular technologies, discuss their applications in WMD regimes, and consider some of the wider economic and political requirements for their adoption. The growing number of space-based sensors is raising confidence in what open-source satellite systems can observe and record. These systems are being combined with local knowledge and technical expertise through social media platforms, resulting in dramatically improved coverage of the Earth’s surface. These open-source tools can complement and augment existing treaty verification and monitoring capabilities in the nuclear regime. Remote sensing tools, such as uncrewed vehicles, can assist investigators by enabling the remote collection of data and chemical samples. In turn, this data can provide valuable indicators, which, in combination with other data, can inform assessments of compliance with the chemical weapons regime. In addition, remote sensing tools can provide inspectors with real time two- or three-dimensional images of a site prior to entry or at the point of inspection. This can facilitate on-site investigations. In the past, trade data has proven valuable in informing assessments of non-compliance with the biological weapons regime. Today, it is possible to analyse trade data through online, public databases. In combination with other methods, open-source trade data could be used to detect anomalies in the biological weapons regime. AI and the digitization of data create new ways to enhance confidence in compliance with WMD regimes. In the context of the chemical weapons regime, the digitization of the chemical industry as part of a wider shift to Industry 4.0 presents possibilities for streamlining declarations under the Chemical Weapons Convention (CWC) and for facilitating CWC regulatory requirements.
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NELYUBINA, E. G., and L. V. PANFILOVA. METHODOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF IMPLEMENTATION OF TECHNOLOGY “INVERTED LEARNING” IN CHEMISTRY LESSONS. Science and Innovation Center Publishing House, April 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.12731/2658-4034-2022-13-1-2-45-62.
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At the present time - the time of information technology and the rapid development of science and technology - a person has to constantly learn and retrain. The changes that have taken place in the education system in recent years have led to a rethinking of teaching methods and technologies. The technology of blended learning, one of the models of which is “inverted learning”, allows to succinctly include information and communication technologies in the educational process, while increasing the quality of education, creating a new level of personal responsibility for the student and by creating conditions for the development of metasubject competencies. Purpose - to develop methodological techniques for the implementation of the “flipped learning” technology in the framework of teaching chemistry in basic school, aimed at the formation of subject universal educational activities in chemistry. Method or methodology of the work: the main research methods were analysis, pedagogical experiment and interpretation of the results of the experiment. Results: solved at the theoretical and methodological level the problem of selection of methodological techniques aimed at the implementation of the technology “inverted learning” in the basic school.
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Bates, C. Richards, Melanie Chocholek, Clive Fox, John Howe, and Neil Jones. Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data System (SIFIDS): Work package (3) final report development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data. Edited by Mark James and Hannah Ladd-Jones. Marine Alliance for Science and Technology for Scotland (MASTS), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.15664/10023.23449.
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[Extract from Executive Summary] This project, aimed at the development of a novel, automated mechanism for the collection of scallop stock data was a sub-part of the Scottish Inshore Fisheries Integrated Data Systems (SIFIDS) project. The project reviewed the state-of-the-art remote sensing (geophysical and camera-based) technologies available from industry and compared these to inexpensive, off-the -shelf equipment. Sea trials were conducted on scallop dredge sites and also hand-dived scallop sites. Data was analysed manually, and tests conducted with automated processing methods. It was concluded that geophysical acoustic technologies cannot presently detect individual scallop but the remote sensing technologies can be used for broad scale habitat mapping of scallop harvest areas. Further, the techniques allow for monitoring these areas in terms of scallop dredging impact. Camera (video and still) imagery is effective for scallop count and provide data that compares favourably with diver-based ground truth information for recording scallop density. Deployment of cameras is possible through inexpensive drop-down camera frames which it is recommended be deployed on a wide area basis for further trials. In addition, implementation of a ‘citizen science’ approach to wide area recording is suggested to increase the stock assessment across the widest possible variety of seafloor types around Scotland. Armed with such data a full, statistical analysis could be completed and data used with automated processing routines for future long-term monitoring of stock.
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Safeguarding through science: Center for Plant Health Science and Technology 2009 Accomplishments. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, February 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2011.7296843.aphis.
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The Center for Plant Health Science and Technology (CPHST) provides scientific support for the regulatory decisions and operations of the Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service’s (APHIS) Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program in order to safeguard U.S. agriculture and natural resources. CPHST is responsible for ensuring that PPQ has the information, tools, and technology to make the most scientifically valid regulatory and policy decisions possible. In addition, CPHST ensures that PPQ’s operations have the most scientifically viable and practical tools for pest exclusion, detection, and management. This 2009 CPHST Annual Report is intended to offer an in-depth look at the status of our programs and the progress CPHST has made toward the Center’s long-term strategic goals. CPHST's work is organized into six National Science Programs: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology; Risk and Pathway Analysis; Domestic Surveillance, Detection, and Identification; Emergency Response; Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Arthropods; and Response and Recovery Systems Technology - Plant Pathogens and Weeds. the scientists of CPHST provide leadership and expertise in a wide range of fields, including risk assessments that support trade, commodity quarantine treatments, pest survey and detection methods, molecular diagnostics, biological control techniques, integrated pest management, and mass rearing of insects. Some highlights of significant CPHST efforts in 2009 include: Establishment of the National Ornamentals Research Site at Dominican University of California, Established LBAM Integrated Pest Management and Survey Methods, Continue to develop Citrus Greening/Huanglongbing Management Tools, and further European Grapevine Moth (EGVM) Response.
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Center for Plant Health Science and Technology Accomplishments, 2007. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, December 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7296841.aphis.
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This past year’s hard work and significant changes have enabled CPHST—a division of the U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA), APHIS Plant Protection and Quarantine (PPQ) program—to be an organization more capable and better aligned to support and focus on PPQ’s scientific needs. In 2007, CPHST developed the first PPQ strategic plan for CPHST. The plan shows where CPHST is going over the next 5 years, how it is going to get there, and how it will know if it got there or not. Moreover, CPHST plan identifies critical elements of PPQ’s overall strategic plan that must be supported by the science and technology services CPHST provides. The strategic plan was followed by an operational plan, which guarantees that the strategic plan is a living and breathing document. The operational plan identifies the responsibilities and resources needed to accomplish priorities in this fiscal year and measures our progress. CPHST identifies the pathways by which invasive plant pests and weeds can be introduced into the United States. CPHST develops, adapts, and supports technology to detect, identify, and mitigate the impact of invasive organisms. CPHST helps to ensure that the methods, protocols, and equipment used by PPQ field personnel are effective and efficient. All the work of CPHST is identified under one of the five program areas: Agricultural Quarantine Inspection and Port Technology, Molecular Diagnostics and Biotechnology, Response and Recovery Systems Technology, Risk and Pathway Analysis, and Survey Detection and Identification. CPHST scientists are leaders in various fields, including risk assessment, survey and detection, geographic information systems (GIS), molecular diagnostics, biocontrol techniques, methods and treatment, and mass rearing of insects. The following list outlines some of CPHST’s efforts in 2007: Responding to Emergencies, Developing and Supporting Technology for Treatments, Increasing Diagnostic Capacity, and Supporting Trade.
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African Open Science Platform Part 1: Landscape Study. Academy of Science of South Africa (ASSAf), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/assaf.2019/0047.
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This report maps the African landscape of Open Science – with a focus on Open Data as a sub-set of Open Science. Data to inform the landscape study were collected through a variety of methods, including surveys, desk research, engagement with a community of practice, networking with stakeholders, participation in conferences, case study presentations, and workshops hosted. Although the majority of African countries (35 of 54) demonstrates commitment to science through its investment in research and development (R&D), academies of science, ministries of science and technology, policies, recognition of research, and participation in the Science Granting Councils Initiative (SGCI), the following countries demonstrate the highest commitment and political willingness to invest in science: Botswana, Ethiopia, Kenya, Senegal, South Africa, Tanzania, and Uganda. In addition to existing policies in Science, Technology and Innovation (STI), the following countries have made progress towards Open Data policies: Botswana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mauritius, South Africa and Uganda. Only two African countries (Kenya and South Africa) at this stage contribute 0.8% of its GDP (Gross Domestic Product) to R&D (Research and Development), which is the closest to the AU’s (African Union’s) suggested 1%. Countries such as Lesotho and Madagascar ranked as 0%, while the R&D expenditure for 24 African countries is unknown. In addition to this, science globally has become fully dependent on stable ICT (Information and Communication Technologies) infrastructure, which includes connectivity/bandwidth, high performance computing facilities and data services. This is especially applicable since countries globally are finding themselves in the midst of the 4th Industrial Revolution (4IR), which is not only “about” data, but which “is” data. According to an article1 by Alan Marcus (2015) (Senior Director, Head of Information Technology and Telecommunications Industries, World Economic Forum), “At its core, data represents a post-industrial opportunity. Its uses have unprecedented complexity, velocity and global reach. As digital communications become ubiquitous, data will rule in a world where nearly everyone and everything is connected in real time. That will require a highly reliable, secure and available infrastructure at its core, and innovation at the edge.” Every industry is affected as part of this revolution – also science. An important component of the digital transformation is “trust” – people must be able to trust that governments and all other industries (including the science sector), adequately handle and protect their data. This requires accountability on a global level, and digital industries must embrace the change and go for a higher standard of protection. “This will reassure consumers and citizens, benefitting the whole digital economy”, says Marcus. A stable and secure information and communication technologies (ICT) infrastructure – currently provided by the National Research and Education Networks (NRENs) – is key to advance collaboration in science. The AfricaConnect2 project (AfricaConnect (2012–2014) and AfricaConnect2 (2016–2018)) through establishing connectivity between National Research and Education Networks (NRENs), is planning to roll out AfricaConnect3 by the end of 2019. The concern however is that selected African governments (with the exception of a few countries such as South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia and others) have low awareness of the impact the Internet has today on all societal levels, how much ICT (and the 4th Industrial Revolution) have affected research, and the added value an NREN can bring to higher education and research in addressing the respective needs, which is far more complex than simply providing connectivity. Apart from more commitment and investment in R&D, African governments – to become and remain part of the 4th Industrial Revolution – have no option other than to acknowledge and commit to the role NRENs play in advancing science towards addressing the SDG (Sustainable Development Goals). For successful collaboration and direction, it is fundamental that policies within one country are aligned with one another. Alignment on continental level is crucial for the future Pan-African African Open Science Platform to be successful. Both the HIPSSA ((Harmonization of ICT Policies in Sub-Saharan Africa)3 project and WATRA (the West Africa Telecommunications Regulators Assembly)4, have made progress towards the regulation of the telecom sector, and in particular of bottlenecks which curb the development of competition among ISPs. A study under HIPSSA identified potential bottlenecks in access at an affordable price to the international capacity of submarine cables and suggested means and tools used by regulators to remedy them. Work on the recommended measures and making them operational continues in collaboration with WATRA. In addition to sufficient bandwidth and connectivity, high-performance computing facilities and services in support of data sharing are also required. The South African National Integrated Cyberinfrastructure System5 (NICIS) has made great progress in planning and setting up a cyberinfrastructure ecosystem in support of collaborative science and data sharing. The regional Southern African Development Community6 (SADC) Cyber-infrastructure Framework provides a valuable roadmap towards high-speed Internet, developing human capacity and skills in ICT technologies, high- performance computing and more. The following countries have been identified as having high-performance computing facilities, some as a result of the Square Kilometre Array7 (SKA) partnership: Botswana, Ghana, Kenya, Madagascar, Mozambique, Mauritius, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, and Zambia. More and more NRENs – especially the Level 6 NRENs 8 (Algeria, Egypt, Kenya, South Africa, and recently Zambia) – are exploring offering additional services; also in support of data sharing and transfer. The following NRENs already allow for running data-intensive applications and sharing of high-end computing assets, bio-modelling and computation on high-performance/ supercomputers: KENET (Kenya), TENET (South Africa), RENU (Uganda), ZAMREN (Zambia), EUN (Egypt) and ARN (Algeria). Fifteen higher education training institutions from eight African countries (Botswana, Benin, Kenya, Nigeria, Rwanda, South Africa, Sudan, and Tanzania) have been identified as offering formal courses on data science. In addition to formal degrees, a number of international short courses have been developed and free international online courses are also available as an option to build capacity and integrate as part of curricula. The small number of higher education or research intensive institutions offering data science is however insufficient, and there is a desperate need for more training in data science. The CODATA-RDA Schools of Research Data Science aim at addressing the continental need for foundational data skills across all disciplines, along with training conducted by The Carpentries 9 programme (specifically Data Carpentry 10 ). Thus far, CODATA-RDA schools in collaboration with AOSP, integrating content from Data Carpentry, were presented in Rwanda (in 2018), and during17-29 June 2019, in Ethiopia. Awareness regarding Open Science (including Open Data) is evident through the 12 Open Science-related Open Access/Open Data/Open Science declarations and agreements endorsed or signed by African governments; 200 Open Access journals from Africa registered on the Directory of Open Access Journals (DOAJ); 174 Open Access institutional research repositories registered on openDOAR (Directory of Open Access Repositories); 33 Open Access/Open Science policies registered on ROARMAP (Registry of Open Access Repository Mandates and Policies); 24 data repositories registered with the Registry of Data Repositories (re3data.org) (although the pilot project identified 66 research data repositories); and one data repository assigned the CoreTrustSeal. Although this is a start, far more needs to be done to align African data curation and research practices with global standards. Funding to conduct research remains a challenge. African researchers mostly fund their own research, and there are little incentives for them to make their research and accompanying data sets openly accessible. Funding and peer recognition, along with an enabling research environment conducive for research, are regarded as major incentives. The landscape report concludes with a number of concerns towards sharing research data openly, as well as challenges in terms of Open Data policy, ICT infrastructure supportive of data sharing, capacity building, lack of skills, and the need for incentives. Although great progress has been made in terms of Open Science and Open Data practices, more awareness needs to be created and further advocacy efforts are required for buy-in from African governments. A federated African Open Science Platform (AOSP) will not only encourage more collaboration among researchers in addressing the SDGs, but it will also benefit the many stakeholders identified as part of the pilot phase. The time is now, for governments in Africa, to acknowledge the important role of science in general, but specifically Open Science and Open Data, through developing and aligning the relevant policies, investing in an ICT infrastructure conducive for data sharing through committing funding to making NRENs financially sustainable, incentivising open research practices by scientists, and creating opportunities for more scientists and stakeholders across all disciplines to be trained in data management.