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Journal articles on the topic 'Methods of doping'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 28 May 2022

Last updated: 30 July 2025

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1

Elmar qızı Şahbazlı, Nəzrin. "Prohibited doping substances and methods, their definition. Doping control procedure." SCIENTIFIC WORK 65, no. 04 (2021): 147–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.36719/2663-4619/65/147-150.

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Doping by humans, both in competitions and on a daily basis, remains a major health problem in modern times. There are many growing body of evidences on the negative health effects of using doping. Doping-is the use of substances that will artificially increase their performance and harm the physical and psychological health of the athlete during a race or in preparation for a game. Worldwide doping controls are carried out in accordance with the Code and the International Standard for Testing (IST). Athletes who compete at the international and national level may be tested anytime, anywhere.

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2

Wang, Lin, Yuan Jun Sun, Jian Hai Luo, Yon Gan Zhu, and Ping Wen Niu. "Influences of Doping Methods on Microstructure and Fracture Toughness of Mo-La Alloys." Materials Science Forum 534-536 (January 2007): 1265–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.534-536.1265.

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Lanthanum oxide was introduced to molybdenum powder by liquid-liquid doping and liquid-solid doping respectively. Mo alloys were prepared by powder metallurgy technology. The size distribution and feature of dopant particles and the fractographs of Mo alloys were investigated by TEM and SEM respectively. The results indicated that liquid-liquid doping method is favorable for refining and dispersing La2O3 particles uniformly in matrix. Fracture toughness of Mo alloys prepared by liquid-liquid doping showed better results than that of liquid-solid doping. Furthermore, the influences of the size

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3

Dong, Xinhao. "The methods of Mg-doped GaN-based p-type semiconductors." Highlights in Science, Engineering and Technology 71 (November 28, 2023): 389–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hset.v71i.13442.

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This article mainly discusses the disadvantages of the third-generation semiconductor material based on GaN and points the ways of optimization and development. The P-type doping optimization method is especially focused. As the core element of P-type doping, Mg element has its advantages and disadvantages in research and use, and some improvement methods are pointed out. In addition, the principles of several specific P-type doping methods, mainly including polarization-induced doping, Mg-delta doping, superlattice doping, and Mg-In co-doping are discussed.

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4

Stojanović, Emilija, and Dragan Radovanović. "Historical Development of Analytical Methods for Anti-Doping Control." Physical Education and Sport Through the Centuries 4, no. 1 (2017): 15–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/spes-2016-0018.

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AbstractAlthough the fight against the use of doping in sport has been going on for almost 90 years, its effects have become tangible in the last 45 years only, thanks to the use of valid and sensitive analytical methods. Historically, extensive international scientific cooperation and technological progress have laid down the basis for the development of high quality doping control laboratories worldwide. New biotechnology products are constantly being discovered and are made available on the doping market, so that anti-doping approaches must be raised to a higher level, and analytical method

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5

Oh, Jong Sik, Kyong Nam Kim, and Geun Young Yeom. "Graphene Doping Methods and Device Applications." Journal of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology 14, no. 2 (2014): 1120–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/jnn.2014.9118.

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6

Segura, J., N. Monfort, and R. Ventura. "Detection methods for autologous blood doping." Drug Testing and Analysis 4, no. 11 (2012): 876–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dta.405.

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7

Cai, Yan, and Jurgen Michel. "High n-Type Doping in Ge for Optical Gain and Lasing." Solid State Phenomena 205-206 (October 2013): 394–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.205-206.394.

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We review two ex-situ doping methods to achieve high n-type doping up to mid-1019 cm-3 in Ge-on-Si thin films. For both, delta doping and ion implantation, rapid thermal annealing is used to diffuse phosphorus from a diffusion source into the single crystal Ge layer. The diffusion mechanism is studied and we find that dopant enhanced diffusion in in-situ doped Ge attributes to the high doping level. A band gap narrowing effect is observed in highly doped n-type Ge through photoluminescence measurements by determining the photoluminescence peak shift. An empirical linear expression of the direc

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8

Kozlovskii, Vitali V., and Leonid F. Zakharenkov. "Radiation doping methods of semiconductor materials: The nuclear doping by charged particles." Radiation Effects and Defects in Solids 138, no. 1-2 (1996): 75–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10420159608211511.

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9

Tarasova, Maria, Olga Kulyamina, Evgeniya Bronnikova, Marina Vinogradova, and Elena Povorina. "Exploring changes in attitudes towards doping in sport in different groups of the russian population: a mixed methods study with policy recommendations." Retos 58 (July 17, 2024): 855–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.47197/retos.v58.95436.

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Introduction: This article examines the evolution of anti-doping culture in Russia through a comparative analysis of sociological surveys conducted in 2019, 2020, and 2021. It focuses on the changing attitudes of Russian citizens towards doping in sports, their awareness of anti-doping regulations, and the underlying causes and motivations for violations of anti-doping rules. The significance of understanding public opinion on doping and countermeasures is highlighted, underscoring its value for specialists, researchers, and executive authorities in addressing and mitigating the issue. Materia

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10

Klimczyk, Agata. "Doping w sporcie - prawne aspekty = Main legal issues of sports doping." Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(14):285-293 4, no. 14 (2014): 285–93. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21433.

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<strong>Klimczyk Agata. </strong><strong>Doping w sporcie - prawne aspekty = Main legal issues of sports doping. </strong><strong>Journal of Health Sciences. 2014;4(14):285-293. ISSN 1429-9623 / 2300-665X.</strong><strong> DOI: 10.5281/zenodo.13372</strong> <strong>http://journal.rsw.edu.pl/index.php/JHS/article/view/2014%3B4%2814%29%3A285-293</strong> <strong>https://pbn.nauka.gov.pl/works/594485</strong> <strong>http://dx.doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.21433</strong>   <strong>The journal has had 5 points in Ministry of Science and Higher Education of Poland parametric evaluation. Part B item 1

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Waclawovsky, Aline Josiane, Thiago Rozales Ramis, Frederico Diniz Lima, Felipe Barreto Schuch, and Luiz Fernando Freire Royes. "Self-Reported Use of Prohibited Substances and Methods Among Athletes of the Brazilian Delegations." Current Sports Medicine Reports 23, no. 11 (2024): 392–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/jsr.0000000000001208.

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Abstract Use of prohibited substances and methods (doping) by elite athletes is a complex and multifactorial behavior. Understanding the factors associated with doping behavior is crucial to identifying potential intervention targets to reduce doping among this group. However, there are limited data on the prevalence and correlations of self-reported prohibited substance use among Brazilian Olympic athletes. We present data from a cross-sectional, self-reported online survey. Participants were elite Brazilian athletes who participated in the 2020 Olympic and Paralympic Games. A total of 209 at

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12

Su, Dan, Yu Wang, Wan Ping Chen, Helen Lai Wah Chan, and Li Na Bing. "Dielectric Properties of Barium Titanate Ceramics Modified by CuO in Different Methods." Advanced Materials Research 463-464 (February 2012): 276–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.463-464.276.

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CuO has been doped solely and together with BaO and SiO2 into barium titanate by mixing and calcination. X-ray diffraction showed that the sample doped by CuO-BaO has stable second hexagonal phase while the samples doped by CuO, CuO-SiO2 were of a pure perovskite phase. For CuO-BaO doping, the Curie temperature was decreased accompanied with higher εmax; while for CuO doping and CuO-SiO2 codoping, the Curie temperature was increased with εmax decreased. The difference can be explained considering that Cu2+ ion could not only incorporate into the BaTiO3 lattice, but also assemble in the boundar

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13

Azoulay, Itsh'ak, Ory Klonsky, Yaniv Gelbstein, and Peter Beker. "A study of doped polycrystalline diamond plates by non-destructive methods." AIMS Materials Science 10, no. 4 (2023): 710–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3934/matersci.2023039.

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<abstract> <p>Diamond offers great promise as a solution to some of the limitations of current state of the art semiconductor technologies. Yet, significant challenges associated with the doping process remain a primary impediment to the development of diamond-based electronic devices. At present, it is unclear which simple measurement methods are needed to evaluate the diamond doping process. We propose non-destructive inspection methods for evaluating the polycrystalline chemical vapor deposition (CVD) diamond doping process, by analyzing the wettability, optical absorption, phot

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14

Jose, Maria, Jaiby Joseph, and Mercy Mathews. "A review on synthesis of graphene oxide and its functionalization through ion irradiation methods." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2663, no. 1 (2023): 012016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2663/1/012016.

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Abstract Graphene is a monoatomic layer of sp2 hybridized carbon atoms, which is two-dimensional and has unique electrical, magnetic and mechanical properties. Pristine graphene is inert in nature and limited in its applications. Doping can enhance the properties of graphene. Several efforts have been done recently to tune its properties through doping, which will provide precise control over its structure and properties. In this review, different methods of doping graphene especially chemical versus irradiation methods and their effects are summarized. Moreover, the advantages of ion irradiat

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15

Cho, Hyunjin, InSeoup Oh, JungHo Kang, et al. "Catalyst and doping methods for arc graphene." Nanotechnology 25, no. 44 (2014): 445601. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0957-4484/25/44/445601.

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16

Sergatyi, M. O., N. S. Sergata, and O. G. Kyi. "METHODS OF FIGHTING DOPING IN PROFESSIONAL SPORTS." Physical education and Sports, no. 4 (2023): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.26661/2663-5925-2023-4-17.

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17

Rauf, Nurlaela. "Recent Progress of ZnO-Based Nanoparticle: Synthesizing Methods of Various Dopant and Applications." Jurnal Fisika Flux: Jurnal Ilmiah Fisika FMIPA Universitas Lambung Mangkurat 20, no. 1 (2023): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.20527/flux.v20i1.16044.

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This review focus on the effect of doping rare earth metals, transition metals, noble metals, poor metals, and non-metals on ZnO nanoparticles. ZnO is a semiconductor material with an average wide energy band gap of 3.2 eV. The doping is used to improve the properties of ZnO which strongly depend on their application. The concentration of doping, the type of doping and the process using sol-gel, hydrothermal and precipitation methods are affected in modifying the ZnO lattice parameters. The transition metal widely used for photocatalysts and sensors. The doped application of ZnO nanoparticles

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18

Melki, Rafik, Nadia Aïcha Laoufi, and Abdelkader Mouheb. "Effects of iron ions, doping methods and nanotubular morphology on TiO2 solar photocatalytic performance." Water Science and Technology 83, no. 12 (2021): 3020–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2021.182.

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Abstract The effects of Fe2+ and Fe3+ as TiO2 cocatalysts were studied, and the experimental results showed that Fe3+ was more efficient than Fe2+, which needed an intermediate reaction to produce hydroxyl radicals. TiO2 was modified with the aim of improving its structural, optical, and adsorption properties, thus improving its photocatalytic performance. The light range of the catalyst activation process was expanded, which increased the catalyst's ability to absorb visible light. Consequently, this study exploits solar energy in photocatalysis by Fe ion doping using different methods, inclu

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19

Caccamo, Sebastiano, and Rosaria Anna Puglisi. "Carbon-Free Solution-Based Doping for Silicon." Nanomaterials 11, no. 8 (2021): 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11082006.

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Molecular doping is a method to dope semiconductors based on the use of liquid solutions as precursors of the dopant. The molecules are deposited on the material, forming a self-ordered monolayer that conforms to the surfaces, whether they are planar or structured. So far, molecular doping has been used with precursors of organic molecules, which also release the carbon in the semiconductor. The carbon atoms, acting as traps for charge carriers, deteriorate the doping efficiency. For rapid and extensive industrial exploitation, the need for a method that removes carbon has therefore been raise

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20

Baskaran, Thivya, Nur Farahiyah Mohammad, Siti Shuhadah Md Saleh, Nashrul Fazli Mohd Nasir, and Farah Diana Mohd Daud. "Synthesis Methods of Doped Hydroxyapatite: A Brief Review." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2071, no. 1 (2021): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2071/1/012008.

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Abstract Hydroxyapatite (HA) has drawn great attention to biomedical applications due to their bone mineral similarity, strong bioactivity, biocompatibility and osteoconductive. Despite the fact that HA has many advantages, several properties are still lacking, emphasising the crucial need for ion doping/substitution. Many attempts have been made to incorporate ions into HA structure to increase their physical, chemical, and biological properties. With such a diverse range of methods available for the synthesis of doped HA, this article discussed the importance of doping for HA and summarizes

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21

Periyat, Pradeepan, Binu Naufal, and Sanjay Gopal Ullattil. "A Review on High Temperature Stable Anatase TiO₂ Photocatalysts." Materials Science Forum 855 (May 2016): 78–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.855.78.

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This review focuses on the recent developments of high temperature stable anatase TiO2 photocatalyst. Eventhough TiO2 exists in different forms anatase, rutile and brookite, anatase phase stabilization is often the key to obtain the highest photocatalytic performance for TiO2, particularly for the use as an antibacterial and self-cleaning coatings in high temperature processed ceramics. Different methods available for the anatase stabilization in literature are critically reviewed and emphasis is placed on relatively recent developments. Currently available methods of anatase stabilizations ar

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22

Nurdinova, Raziyakhon A., and Arofatkhon Sh Alimjonova. "Influence of Methods of Alloying on the Properties of Elements with Anomalous Photovoltaic Effects." Siberian Journal of Physics 15, no. 2 (2020): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2541-9447-2020-15-2-92-96.

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This work presents general studies of the influence of doping methods on the properties of elements with anomalous photovoltaic effects and the process of doping of semi-crystalline thin CdTe films with isovalent impurities is also investigated. The process of thermal diffusion has been studied.

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23

Маслобоева, Софья Михайловна. "ANALYSIS OF METHODS FOR SYNTHESIS OF A BORON-DOPED LITHIUM NIOBATE CHARGE USED FOR GROWING SINGLE CRYSTALS." Physical and Chemical Aspects of the Study of Clusters, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials, no. 13 (December 23, 2021): 750–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.26456/pcascnn/2021.13.750.

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Проведен анализ известных методов синтеза шихты ниобата лития, легированной бором, которая используется при выращивании монокристаллов высокого оптического качества методом Чохральского. Установлено, что способ гомогенного легирования (шихта получается из прекурсора NbO :B и LiCO) по сравнению с твердофазным (шихта получается из смеси LiCO: NbO : HBO ) позволяет выращивать кристаллы LiNbO: B с более однородным распределением в них примеси бора, а также в объеме расплава, при этом упрощаются технологические режимы, устанавливаемые при росте кристаллов. В работе впервые рассмотрен жидкофазный ме

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24

Kim, Young-Gi, Hai-Long Nguyen, and Patrick Kinlen. "Secondary Dopants of Electrically Conducting Polyanilines." Polymers 13, no. 17 (2021): 2904. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13172904.

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Secondary dopants and the doping methods were identified for increasing the electrical conductivity of a highly processable and a primarily doped polyaniline dinonylnaphthalene sulfonic acid (PANI-DNNSA). The secondary doping was carried out using film, solution, and vapor doping methods. The doping methods and functional groups of secondary dopants were observed to play a critical role for inducing electrical characteristics of polyaniline. When secondary film doping method and p-toluenesulfonic acid were used, the electrical conductivity of the secondary doped polyaniline was measured to be

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25

Li, Dan, Wei-Qing Huang, Zhong Xie, et al. "Mechanism of enhanced photocatalytic activities on tungsten trioxide doped with sulfur: Dopant-type effects." Modern Physics Letters B 30, no. 27 (2016): 1650340. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984916503401.

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The enhanced photocatalytic activity of tungsten trioxide (WO3) has been observed experimentally via doping with S element as different dopant types. Herein, a comparative study on the effect of different types of S dopant and native vacancy defects on the electronic structure and optical properties of WO3 is presented by using hybrid Heyd–Scuseria–Ernzerhof 2006 (HSE06) density functional methods. Six possible models (S[Formula: see text]–WO3, S[Formula: see text]–WO3, V[Formula: see text]–WO3, V[Formula: see text]–WO3, S[Formula: see text] + V[Formula: see text]–WO3 and S[Formula: see text]

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26

Casati, Silvana, Roberta Ottria та Pierangela Ciuffreda. "Simple Synthesis of 17-β-O-hemisuccinate of Stanozolol for Immunoanalytical Methods". Molecules 25, № 9 (2020): 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25092019.

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The use of doping in sports is a global problem that affects athletes around the world. Among the different methods developed to detect doping agents in biological samples, there are antibody-based methods that need an appropriate hapten design. Steroids with a hydroxyl group can be converted to the corresponding hemisuccinates. A novel approach to the synthesis of 17β-O-hemisuccinate of the common doping agent stanozolol is described here. Acylation of stanozolol with methyl 4-chloro-4-oxobutyrate/4-dimethylaminopyridine, followed by mild alkaline hydrolysis with methanolic sodium hydroxide a

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27

THEVIS, M. "New drugs and methods of doping and manipulation." Drug Discovery Today 13, no. 1-2 (2008): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.drudis.2007.11.003.

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28

Badawy, Abdelrahman A., Ahmed M. Rashad, Shaimaa M. Ibrahim, and Sahar M. El-Khouly. "The Influence of CeO2-Doping of Nanosized Cadmium Ferrite on Catalytic Conversion of Ethanol." Recent Innovations in Chemical Engineering (Formerly Recent Patents on Chemical Engineering) 13, no. 2 (2020): 156–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2405520412666190919155906.

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Background: The role of CeO2-doping (0.75-3 mol%) and calcination temperature on solid-solid interaction between ferric and cadmium oxides yielding cadmium ferrites was examined. Methods and Results: The results exposed that ceria improves the ferrite formation by heating at 600-700ºC via the dissolution of some dopant cation in the lattice of CdO with the subsequent creation of anionic vacancies and/or formation of higher valency cadmium cation (Cd(2+δ)+). SBET of solids calcined at 500oC increased by CeO2-doping, while opposite trend for solids calcined at 600 and 700oC. The magnetic hystere

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29

Yoo, Hocheon, Keun Heo, Md Hasan Raza Ansari, and Seongjae Cho. "Recent Advances in Electrical Doping of 2D Semiconductor Materials: Methods, Analyses, and Applications." Nanomaterials 11, no. 4 (2021): 832. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11040832.

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Two-dimensional materials have garnered interest from the perspectives of physics, materials, and applied electronics owing to their outstanding physical and chemical properties. Advances in exfoliation and synthesis technologies have enabled preparation and electrical characterization of various atomically thin films of semiconductor transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs). Their two-dimensional structures and electromagnetic spectra coupled to bandgaps in the visible region indicate their suitability for digital electronics and optoelectronics. To further expand the potential applications of

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30

Syntin, A. V. "Substances and Methods Prohibited for Use in Sport: Object or Means of Committing Crimes?" Siberian Law Review 19, no. 2 (2022): 142–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.19073/2658-7602-2022-19-2-142-155.

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Countering doping in modern sport plays an important role. In order to effectively apply various types of legal liability, it is necessary to determine what substances and methods are prohibited in sport. Since the advent of full-fledged anti-doping rules (1967), the list of such substances and methods, as well as the doping control system, have been dynamically changing. The anti-doping system received significant development after the formation of the World Anti-Doping Agency (1999). For the purposes of bringing to criminal responsibility, there is a list, initially somewhat reduced, subse

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Samoshkin, Vladlen, Victor Meleshko, and Artem Yakovenko. "DOPING IN SPORTS AND WAYS COMBATING VIOLATIONS ANTI-DOPING LEGISLATION." Sports Bulletin of the Dnieper 1 (2020): 142–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.32540/2071-1476-2019-1-142.

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Introduction and purpose of the study. In article to perform that doping is one of the serious of problem of modern sport. Defines important questions regarding antidoping rules and anti-doping control in sport. Given the promising solutions to the problems of doping in Ukraine. It is an extremely complex because it involves the interrelated medical, legal, political, moral, organizational, social and pedagogical aspects. To use the doping is the same to spread and the most to chase’s infringement of the law in branch of sport which to lie in the area of several fields by law. Just for this of

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Lu, Yuze, Jiayu Yan, Gaozhi Ou, and Li Fu. "A Review of Recent Progress in Drug Doping and Gene Doping Control Analysis." Molecules 28, no. 14 (2023): 5483. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules28145483.

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The illicit utilization of performance-enhancing substances, commonly referred to as doping, not only infringes upon the principles of fair competition within athletic pursuits but also poses significant health hazards to athletes. Doping control analysis has emerged as a conventional approach to ensuring equity and integrity in sports. Over the past few decades, extensive advancements have been made in doping control analysis methods, catering to the escalating need for qualitative and quantitative analysis of numerous banned substances exhibiting diverse chemical and biological characteristi

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Hurst, Philip, Maria Kavussanu, Rachael Davies, Neil Dallaway, and Christopher Ring. "Use of Sport Supplements and Doping Substances by Athletes: Prevalence and Relationships." Journal of Clinical Medicine 13, no. 23 (2024): 7132. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm13237132.

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Background: The use of sport supplements may represent a risk factor for the use of doping in sports. To explore this putative risk, the current study examined the frequency of sport supplement use and associations between the use of sport supplements and the use of doping substances and methods in athletes. Methods: The participants (n = 345; 56% male, 22 ± 5 years, 18–43 years) completed measures of sport supplement use, sport supplement beliefs, doping likelihood, and doping use. Based on the Australian Institute of Sport’s “Sports Supplement Framework”, the participants were asked whether

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34

Geldibaev, Movlad Kh. "Criminal Liability for the Use of Substances and (or) Methods Prohibited in Sports in Respect of a Sportsman." Drug control 4 (December 24, 2020): 11–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18572/2072-4160-2020-4-11-15.

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Purpose: assessment of criminal law and criminological problems of combating crime in the field of sports related to doping. Research method: doctrinal analysis of criminal legislation, conducting surveys of specialists in the field of justice and non-such citizens interested in sports, analysis of survey results. Conclusions: amendments to the criminal legislation providing for liability for acts related to doping is justified and timely. Scientific and practical significance: the significance of surveys for assessing decisions made in the field of criminal liability for acts related to dopin

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35

Popović, Stanko. "Quantitative Phase Analysis by X-ray Diffraction—Doping Methods and Applications." Crystals 10, no. 1 (2020): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10010027.

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X-ray powder diffraction is an ideal technique for the quantitative analysis of a multiphase sample. The intensities of diffraction lines of a phase in a multiphase sample are proportional to the phase fraction and the quantitative analysis can be obtained if the correction for the absorption of X-rays in the sample is performed. Simple procedures of quantitative X-ray diffraction phase analysis of a multiphase sample are presented. The matrix-flushing method, with the application of reference intensities, yields the relationship between the intensity and phase fraction free from the absorptio

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36

Botrè, Francesco, Xavier de la Torre, and Monica Mazzarino. "Multianalyte LC–MS-based methods in doping control: what are the implications for doping athletes?" Bioanalysis 8, no. 11 (2016): 1129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2016-0083.

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37

Lim, Yong-Woon, Won Hyuk Jang, Hyo-Jin Kim, and Hyeon Hwan Kim. "75‐1: Real Time Doping Management of High‐Performance Organic Electroluminescence Displays." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 54, no. 1 (2023): 1056–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.16752.

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Recently, organic light emitting diode (OLED) and quantum dot (QD)‐OLED displays are attracting attention as representative displays ranging from mobile to tablet, laptop, and TV markets. In these OLED and QD‐OLED displays, the individual thickness and doping ratio of functional multilayer films of organic electroluminescence (EL) are the most important factors in device characteristics such as color coordinates, efficiency, and lifetime. In particular, unlike the thickness that can be measured up to the sub‐nanometer, quantified measurement methods have not been well prepared for the various

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38

Neuberger, E., and P. Simon. "Auf der Suche nach geeigneten Nachweismethoden für Doping – das Transkriptom." Deutsche Zeitschrift für Sportmedizin 2014, no. 10 (2014): 272–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5960/dzsm.2014.140.

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39

Zhao, Wenrui, Jiamin Ding, Ye Zou, Chong-an Di, and Daoben Zhu. "Chemical doping of organic semiconductors for thermoelectric applications." Chemical Society Reviews 49, no. 20 (2020): 7210–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0cs00204f.

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Yuan, Yuling, Youxuan Xu, and Jianghai Lu. "Dried blood spots in doping analysis." Bioanalysis 13, no. 7 (2021): 587–604. http://dx.doi.org/10.4155/bio-2021-0019.

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A series of dried blood spot (DBS) detection methods for doping agents have been developed in the last two decades. The DBS technique minimizes invasiveness and reduces storage and shipping costs. Recently, the World Anti-Doping Agency announced the use of DBS for the 2022 Beijing Winter Olympic Games and Paralympic Games owing to the advantages of the DBS application in routine doping control. Therefore the further development of detection methods for doping agents in DBS is important and urgent. This review summarizes five aspects of DBS application in doping analysis: sample collection, sto

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Bhagavannarayana, G., and S. K. Kushwaha. "Enhancement of SHG efficiency by urea doping in ZTS single crystals and its correlation with crystalline perfection as revealed by Kurtz powder and high-resolution X-ray diffraction methods." Journal of Applied Crystallography 43, no. 1 (2010): 154–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1107/s0021889809050560.

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The enhancement of second-harmonic generation (SHG) efficiency by urea doping in tristhioureazinc(II) sulfate (ZTS) single crystals and its correlation with crystalline perfection have been investigated. ZTS is a potential semiorganic nonlinear optical material. Pure and urea-doped single crystals of ZTS have been successfully grown by the slow evaporation solution technique. The presence of dopant has been confirmed and analysed by Fourier transform infrared spectrometry. The influence of urea doping at different concentrations on crystalline perfection has been thoroughly assessed by high-re

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Gajarushi, Ashwini S., Mohd Wasim, Rizwan Nabi, et al. "Lanthanide complexes as molecular dopants for realizing air-stable n-type graphene logic inverters with symmetric transconductance." Materials Horizons 6, no. 4 (2019): 743–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8mh01241e.

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In this communication we have unveiled the importance of lanthanide dopant, to realize n-doping of GFETs with an exceptional ambient stability and enhanced mobility. An unconventional mechanism proposed for such phenomenon is well supported by various analytical methods and rationalized by computational calculations.

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Ahmad AL-Dafrawi, Ahmad Saad. "Absence of Reliable Screening Methods That Prove the Use of Gene Doping in Sports." MHSalud: Revista en Ciencias del Movimiento Humano y Salud 20, no. 1 (2023): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.15359/mhs.20-1.14.

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Sport raises the level of human physical activity within the limits of genetic traits. The results of gene therapy have attracted some to think of using its technologies to create an “indomitable athlete.” World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) applies uncertain genetic testing procedures to establish cases of this type of doping. Yet, if the results of these procedures are doubtful, then doubt must be interpreted in favor of the athlete concerned.

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Tian, Yishen, Lijie Hao, Chao Wang, Xiaoyan Yang, and Shufeng Liu. "Quantum Dot Doping-Induced Photoluminescence for Facile, Label-Free, and Sensitive Pyrophosphatase Activity Assay and Inhibitor Screening." Nanomaterials 9, no. 1 (2019): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano9010111.

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Development of simple, convenient, and sensitive assay methods for pyrophosphatase (PPase) activity is of importance, for disease diagnosis and drug discovery. Herein, a simple, rapid, label-free, and sensitive fluorescence sensor for PPase activity assay is developed, using Cu2+ doping-induced quantum dot (QD) photoluminescence as a signal reporter. The Cu2+ doping of ZnSe QD can induce a dopant-dependent emission response, which will be inhibited after the premixing of Cu2+ with pyrophosphate (PPi), to form a Cu2+-PPi complex. Then, the hydrolysis of PPi into phosphate (Pi), specifically cat

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Titov, Roman A., Alexandra V. Kadetova, Diana V. Manukovskaya, et al. "Features of the Defect Structure of LiNbO3:Mg:B Crystals of Different Composition and Genesis." Materials 18, no. 2 (2025): 436. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18020436.

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We proposed and investigated a refinement of technology for obtaining Mg-doped LiNbO3 (LN) crystals by co-doping it with B. LN:Mg (5.0 mol%) is now the most widely used material based on bulk lithium niobate. It is suitable for light modulation and transformation. We found that non-metal boron decreases threshold concentrations of the target dopant in many ways. In addition, we earlier determined that the method of boron introduction into the LN charge strongly affects the LN:B crystal structure. So we investigated the point structural defects of two series of LN:Mg:B crystals obtained by diff

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Popović, Stanko. "Quantitative phase analysis by X-ray diffraction – Simple routes." Macedonian Journal of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering 34, no. 1 (2015): 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.20450/mjcce.2015.643.

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<p> The elemental composition of a multiphase material can be obtained by means of chemical and spectroscopic techniques. However, these techniques face a great difficulty in distinguishing the chemical identity of the phases present in the material and in derivation of the fractions of particular phases. X-ray powder diffraction seems to be an ideal technique for the analysis of a multiphase material. Each crystalline phase of the material gives its characteristic diffraction pattern independently of the other phases; this fact makes it possible to identify the phase of interest and to

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КОПЧИК, Рената, та Юлія ГОНЧАРОВА. "Правова природа Всесвітнього антидопінгового агентства (ВАДА)". Foreign trade: economics, finance, law 124, № 5 (2022): 4–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.31617/3.2022(124)01.

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Introduction. The task of the World Anti-Doping Agency, which is the most important organisation for combating doping in sports, is to set standards against doping, including legal standards, and to monitor them. At the same time, this is an organisation that has continually stirred up a great deal of controversy in the doctrine of international law regarding its legal nature since its inception. Problem. There’s an obvious research gap in legal nature and specific features of WADA. This paper would address this gap based on the analysis of the specific construction of WADA, as the latter is i

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Yu, Cheng-Lung, Jian-Sheng Xie Su, Hsiang-Yu Hsieh, and Po-Liang Liu. "Ab initio study of gallium-doped zinc oxides and zinc-doped gallium oxides." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2793, no. 1 (2024): 012007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2793/1/012007.

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Abstract This study utilizes ab initio methods to investigate the atomic structures of gallium-doped zinc oxides and zinc-doped gallium oxides, focusing on the mechanisms of ZnGa2O4 film formation through doping and substitution. Utilizing X-ray diffraction and bond length assessments, we investigate the interaction between zinc oxide and gallium oxide components. In the case of gallium doping within ZnO, the notable shift of the primary X-ray diffraction peak from 36.10° to 35.45° with an increase in gallium content closely aligns with the ZnGa2O4 peak at 35.50°. Conversely, when the substitu

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Doğan, Zeynep Sude, Enes Emre Doğan, Zeynep Bicil, and Berna Koçer Kizilduman. "The effect of Li-doping and doping methods to hydrogen storage capacities of some carbonaceous materials." Fuel 396 (September 2025): 135280. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fuel.2025.135280.

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Popovici, G., and M. A. Prelas. "Prospective n-type impurities and methods of diamond doping." Diamond and Related Materials 4, no. 12 (1995): 1305–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0925-9635(95)00319-3.

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