Relevant bibliographies by topics / Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng

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  2. Dissertations / Theses
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Academic literature on the topic 'Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng"

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Harasymiuk, Jolanta, Elżbieta Hanna Szafranko, and Jan Tyburski. "Methods of habitat reports’ evaluation." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (February 26, 2019): 26–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0001.

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AbstractA building investment, especially in nature valuable areas, is almost always inseparable with a bigger or smaller environmental interference. For a few years there are legal regulations created to protect these areas. One of them is the requirement to conduct a habitat evaluation and to prepare a habitat report if there is a indication of significant impact on the Natura 200 site. The quality of such a report is crucial for completion an investment in a chosen localisation as well as for shortening a preparation stage with respect to environmental requirements. A defective report can result in a agreement refusal of investment completion conditions of an investment by an authorised body, and can be a reason for protests of a community which is affected by the planned investment. A well-made report, on the other hand, results in a smooth acceptance of the project without the need for consultation of the investor with the proceeding body and saving the cost of correction of a defective documentation. An review of the literature done by the authors and the talks carried out with the staff making an assessment of reports of an impact on Natura 2000 sites showed the lack of common use in practise of a formalised set of criteria of evaluation of such documents. The aim of the study was to prepare a set of evaluation criteria for reports on environmental impact on Natura 2000 sites. The set was tested on already made reports and it showed their basic omissions and disparities. The set prepared can be used by an investor in the course of making a report. It can be also a useful tool for a verifying clerk while evaluating a report for its completeness and adequacy. On the basis of the prepared set of evaluation criteria, a procedure was proposed allowing an impartial verification of reports. As a result of analyses made, a procedure was worked out which is presented in the diagram concluding this paper.
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Šarkan, Branislav, Marek Jaśkiewicz, and Monika Kiktová. "The impact of the truck loads on the braking efficiency assessment." Open Engineering 10, no. 1 (March 10, 2020): 105–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2020-0014.

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AbstractThe paper deals with possibilities of assessment of braking efficiency during evaluation of braking system at technical inspection of trucks in conditions of the Slovak Republic. The braking efficiency of the vehicle is evaluated by measuring the braking forces at the roller brake tester. The magnitude of these forces also depends on the loads of the measured vehicle. The paper analyses the results of the practical tests of the braking efficiency measurement of a truck of category N3 and of a vehicle combination consisting of vehicles of category N3 and O4. The analysed vehicle combination was gradually loaded in four different ways and a special situation was the measurement of the braking efficiency of the tractor itself. The instantaneous load on each axle was recorded with portable axle weights. The braking efficiency evaluation was carried out in accordance with the valid methodology, which allows the application of the direct evaluation method, the method of linear extrapolation, the method of the reference braking forces and the indicative evaluation. A vehicle with the same braking system may be assessed as roadworthy or not roadworthy. This is due to the application of different methods of evaluating the braking efficiency and different way of loads at the loading area.
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Výtisk, Jan, Vladimír Kočí, Stanislav Honus, and Mojmír Vrtek. "Current options in the life cycle assessment of additive manufacturing products." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (December 20, 2019): 674–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0073.

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AbstractAdditive manufacturing (AM) is a manufacturing process that allows for the creation of a physical object from a digital model. Additive manufacturing has a number of advantages over the conventional methods, inter alia the production of very complex machinery components, and a lower consumption of raw materials. Thanks to these advantages, the technology has been booming recently. The paper compares the advantages and disadvantages of additive technologies in the context of environmental impacts using Life Cycle Assessment (LCA). The paper describes the most important aspects of additive manufacturing, reviews the basic principles and phases of LCA method, including its application in AM, and outlines selected publications dealing with LCA and additive technologies. In conclusion, we recommend the most suitable methodologies to assess environmental impacts of additive technologies. To be specific, LCA is suitable to assess AM as for the material and energy flows, and in general, research in this field is considered highly promising.
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Sirina, Natalia, Serge Rohmer, and Ekaterina Fortyguina. "Environmental Impact Assessment: Challenges in Use of Methods and Tools in France and in Russia." Key Engineering Materials 572 (September 2013): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.572.40.

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Environmental impact assessment ensures that the environmental considerations are accounted before the decision about an economic activity, the new technology or materials is made. In developed countries, e.g. France different methods and tools are used to assess the environmental impact as life cycle assessment (LCA) etc. In countries with transitional economy, as Russia in site assessment of an activity often prevails. There are number of challenges exist to better account the environmental impact, including legislative constraints, culture of methods and tools.
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Chou, Ya Kuan, and Tien Li Chen. "Environmental Impact Assessment on Lifecycle of Sofa Material." Advanced Materials Research 287-290 (July 2011): 3032–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.287-290.3032.

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According to the materials of casing, frame, and cushion, this research aims to investigate the environmental impact assessment of sofas. With reference to this characteristic, this assessment is based on the evaluation model “Eco-indicator 99” of Sima Pro and the results are listed as below: l Regarding sofa materials which are brought about the negative influence to the environment: Sofa casing: polyester fiber > leather > imitation leather > cotton; sofa frame: wood > plastic > metal; sofa cushion: TDI foam > MDI foam. l If we deal with sofa materials by chemical methods, respiratory inorganics are caused from a great quantity of fossil fuels during production and the huge negative influence will result in climate change. l Concerning the waste influence on the environment when sofas are end of life: Sofa casing: To incinerate or landfill polyester fiber is more seriously; sofa frame: To incinerate or landfill wood is more critically; sofa cushion: to incinerate TDI or MDI is more harmfully than to landfill or recycle them. l It will have positive help and decrease garbage if we can recycle sofa waste.
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Bucoń, Robert. "Model supporting decisions on renovation and modernization of public utility buildings." Open Engineering 9, no. 1 (July 11, 2019): 178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/eng-2019-0022.

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AbstractThe aim of the research is to develop a model to support renovation and modernization decisions in the process of maintaining public buildings. The scope of the research includes, first of all, the development of a method of building assessment on the basis of many criteria, applied also in the evaluation of residential buildings, but also specific ones, related to public utility facilities, i.e.: environmental compatibility of buildings, adaptation to the elderly and disabled, fire safety. On the basis of this assessment, a set of proposed renovation and modernisation measures will be determined. In the next stage, knowledge will be acquired from experts (including property managers), who will indicate the ranges of criteria values for the adopted assessments of building utility value. This knowledge will be used to build a rules base of fuzzy inference system for assessing building utility value. The next stage of research will be conducting computer simulations with the use of a mathematical model assessing the impact of the above mentioned decisions on the increase in the building utility value and the renovation cost and modernization activities. All calculations will be carried out in the Matlab Simulink environment with the use of optimization and fuzzy methods. Knowledge of the relationship between decisions on the scope of renovation and modernization solutions and the quality measures of the maintenance process is the basis for decisions in the area of buildings maintenance. The results of these studies can contribute to improving the quality of maintenance of public buildings.
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Wiśniewska, Marta. "Environmental impact assessment of municipal biogas plants – case study." SHS Web of Conferences 57 (2018): 02015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/shsconf/20185702015.

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Biogas plants processing the municipal waste are an important element of both municipal and energy management. Planned projects very often face objection from the public. The reluctance of people to accept this type of investment as a project potentially having a significant impact on the environment is caused by the fear of its nuisance. At the end of 2017, eight municipal biogas plants were operating in Poland. Before opening the biogas plants, residents were afraid of the related odours. The research involved the analysis of the occurrence of residents’ complaints regarding the odour nuisance of municipal biogas plants to the authorities. Moreover, potential sources of anthrax associated with the operation of municipal biogas plants were identified. Based on the example of one of the plants, the applied deodorisation methods were presented, as well as the results of the odorimetric tests performed by an external laboratory. The paper presents positive ecological aspects of municipal biogas plants which apart from being a renewable energy source, are also important for reducing the amount of waste disposal.
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Briceño, Carlos M., Andres L. Carrano, Brian K. Thorn, and Marcos Esterman. "A Design Optimization Framework to Estimate Environmental Impact of Design Decisions in Consumer Products." Journal of Green Building 4, no. 2 (May 1, 2009): 141–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3992/jgb.4.2.141.

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Most products have the potential to negatively impact the environment during all life-cycle stages. However, most environmental impact assessment methods focus on a single product life-cycle and on a specific life-cycle stage. Product design plays a significant role by determining traditional environmental impacts, such as embodied energy of materials, but also by influencing market adoption and production volumes. The main objective of this work is to develop a design optimization framework that estimates the environmental impact of design decisions (e.g. materials choice, etc.) across all life-cycle stages in consumer products. The methodology relies on quality function deployment (QFD), multi-attribute utility theory, non-linear mathematical programming, and life-cycle assessment tools to estimate the utility of the design options to the customer, the producer, and the environment. The proposed framework allows designers and other decision makers to select options that are environmentally sound and also aligned with the business objectives.
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Khan, Md Musharof Hussain, Ivan Deviatkin, Jouni Havukainen, and Mika Horttanainen. "Environmental impacts of wooden, plastic, and wood-polymer composite pallet: a life cycle assessment approach." International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment 26, no. 8 (July 13, 2021): 1607–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11367-021-01953-7.

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Abstract Purpose Waste recycling is one of the essential tools for the European Union’s transition towards a circular economy. One of the possibilities for recycling wood and plastic waste is to utilise it to produce composite product. This study analyses the environmental impacts of producing composite pallets made of wood and plastic waste from construction and demolition activities in Finland. It also compares these impacts with conventional wooden and plastic pallets made of virgin materials. Methods Two different life cycle assessment methods were used: attributional life cycle assessment and consequential life cycle assessment. In both of the life cycle assessment studies, 1000 trips were considered as the functional unit. Furthermore, end-of-life allocation formula such as 0:100 with a credit system had been used in this study. This study also used sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation to determine the best performing pallet. Result and discussion In the attributional cradle-to-grave life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets had the lowest environmental impact in abiotic depletion potential (fossil), acidification potential, eutrophication potential, global warming potential (including biogenic carbon), global warming potential (including biogenic carbon) with indirect land-use change, and ozone depletion potential. In contrast, wooden pallets showed the lowest impact on global warming potential (excluding biogenic carbon). In the consequential life cycle assessment, wood-polymer composite pallets showed the best environmental impact in all impact categories. In both attributional and consequential life cycle assessments, plastic pallet had the maximum impact. The sensitivity analysis and normalisation calculation showed that wood-polymer composite pallets can be a better choice over plastic and wooden pallet. Conclusions The overall results of the pallets depends on the methodological approach of the LCA. However, it can be concluded that the wood-polymer composite pallet can be a better choice over the plastic pallet and, in most cases, over the wooden pallet. This study will be of use to the pallet industry and relevant stakeholders.
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Bieser, Jan, and Lorenz Hilty. "Assessing Indirect Environmental Effects of Information and Communication Technology (ICT): A Systematic Literature Review." Sustainability 10, no. 8 (July 29, 2018): 2662. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su10082662.

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Indirect environmental effects of information and communication technology (ICT) are those effects of ICT that change patterns of production or consumption in domains other than ICT, or more precisely, the environmental consequences of these changes. Digitalization as the societal process of ICT-driven change has created increasing interest in the indirect environmental effects of this technology. Assessments of indirect effects face various methodological challenges, such as the definition of the system boundary, the definition of a baseline as a reference or the occurrence of rebound effects. Existing studies use various approaches or methods to assess a spectrum of ICT use cases in several application domains. In view of the large number of assessments that have been conducted, the choices made when applying assessment methods, and the variety of ICT use cases in different application domains investigated, we present a systematic literature review of existing assessments of indirect environmental effects of ICT. The review provides a state-of-the-art overview of the methods used in the research field and is intended to support researchers in designing sound assessments which yield significant results. We identified 54 studies in seven main application domains using 15 different assessment approaches. The most common application domains are virtual mobility (e.g., telecommuting), virtual goods (e.g., digital media), and smart transport (e.g., route optimization). Life-cycle assessment, partial footprint, and the “ICT enablement method” are the most common approaches. The major part of the assessments focuses on patterns of production (e.g., production of paper-based books vs. e-books), a smaller part on patterns of consumption (e.g., changes in media consumption). Based on these results, we identify as a research gap the investigation of ICT impacts on consumer behavior, which could, for example, focus on social practices, and account for the dynamic implications of change. Elaborating such an approach could provide valuable insights into ICT’s impact on society and the resulting environmental consequences.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng"

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Sandoval, Maitê de Souza. "Proposta de padronização em avaliação de impactos ambientais /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92754.

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Orientador: Leandro Eugenio da Silva Cerri
Banca: Fábio Augusto Gomes de Vieira Reis
Banca: Flávio Henrique Mingante Schlittler
Resumo: A avaliação da significância dos impactos ambientais continua a ser um importante componente crítico ainda mal compreendido da prática da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as conclusões de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a avaliação e comunicação de avaliação do impacto ambiental praticada no Brasil. É dada especial atenção para a importância da utilização de critérios, padrões e métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais que pretendendo incorporar mais eficiência nos estudos de impacto ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a realização de uma proposta, incluindo o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aplicar na avaliação de impactos ambientais situações relativas à sua formulação, aplicação e interpretação da significância dos critérios, conclusões e recomendações pertinentes para respeitar o objetivo da avaliação de impacto ambiental que é garantir a viabilidade ambiental das atividades humanas.
Abstract: The evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts remains an important critical yet poorly understood component of environmental impact assessment practice. This work is a study upon the findings of a bibliographic review about the evaluation and communication of environmental impact assessment in Brazil practice. Particular attention is given to the use of significance criteria, thresholds and EIA methodologies intending to incorporate more efficiency of environmental impact statement. Thus, the aim of this research was the accomplishment of a proposal including the development of procedures to apply in EIA issues surrounding the formulation, application and interpretation of significance criteria, conclusions and recommendations relevant to respect the aim of EIA that in provide environmental viability of men activities.
Mestre
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Moscardi, Jean Prost. "Método da árvore temporal modificada aplicado à análise de impactos ambientais : um estudo de caso /." Rio Claro : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/102952.

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Orientador: Antonio Roberto Saad
Banca: José Alberto Quintanilha
Banca: José Cândido Stevaux
Banca: José Eduardo Zaine
Banca: Sérgio dos anjos Ferreira Pinto
Acompanha CD-ROM com o programa MAIA - Método da árvore de impactos ambientais
Resumo: O Relatório de Impacto Ambiental (RIMA), por muitas vezes sub-estimados em seu valor, apresenta-se apenas como um capítulo no Estudo de Impacto Ambiental (EIA) sem o devido reconhecimento e grau de relevância. O objetivo do presente estudo foi à proposição de um novo método de avaliação de impactos ambientais, no qual, a caracterização e formatação apresentaram-se direcionadas ao público leigo e distinto dos profissionais que realizam os trabalhos ambientais, porém, de grande relevância em processos licenciatórios. Este estudo teve inicio por via de uma pesquisa bibliográfica detalhada em métodos: de avaliação de impacto ambiental existentes; ensino a adultos e a adolescentes; e, bancos de dados à área de meio ambiente; e finalizou em um método dinâmico de estudo, no qual profissionais de pouco conhecimento no assunto encontram-se embasados, suportados por um programa computacional o qual apresenta seu banco de dados livre com grande e rápida comunicação, acessibilidade e transporte. Os resultados dos estudos de caso demonstraram a facilidade de implantação do método, entretanto, quanto aos questionamentos envolvendo especificamente o tempo de implantação bem como a troca dinâmica informações verificou-se a necessidade de novos levantamentos no assunto, a serem realizados em estudos futuros.
Abstract: The Environmental Impact Report is often a poorly addressed chapter in the Study of Environmental Impact. In most cases, the chapter fails to transmit to the general public the relevance and importance of such report. The objective of this study is to propose a reform in the method of analyzing and reporting environmental impact, making it more comprehensive, clear, and relevant to the general public. The study was carried out with a detailed bibliographic research in the following areas: A) methods of evaluating environmental impact; B) Adolescent and Adult Pedagogy; C) Environmental Studies Database. Later on, a more interactive study was conducted. This study observed a group of professionals, who had limited knowledge in environmental studies, as they interacted in a closed environment equipped with computers connected to various natural sciences databases, containing a strong and reliable system. The study found the proposed method of Environmental Impact Report to be easy to implement. However, more research is needed in order to address specific questions, such as the time of implementation of the new method and the dynamics of the exchange of data.
Doutor
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Sandin, Gustav. "Life cycle assessment in the development of forest products : Contributions to improved methods and practices." Doctoral thesis, Bioraffinaderi och energi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:ri:diva-30234.

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The prospect of reducing environmental impacts is a key driver for the research and development (R&D) of new forest products. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is often used for assessing the environmental impact of such products, e.g. for the purpose of guiding R&D. The aim of this thesis is to improve the methods and practices of LCA work carried out in the R&D of forest products. Six research questions were formulated from research needs identified in LCA work in five technical inter-organisational R&D projects. These projects also provided contexts for the case studies that were used to address the research questions. The main contributions of the research are as follows: Regarding the planning of LCA work in inter-organisational R&D projects, the research identified four characteristics that appear to be important to consider when selecting the roles of LCAs in such projects: (i) the project’s potential influence on environmental impacts, (ii) the degrees of freedom available for the technical direction of the project, (iii) the project’s potential to provide required input to the LCA, and (iv) access to relevant audiences for the LCA results. Regarding the modelling of future forest product systems, it was found that (i) it is important to capture uncertainties related to the technologies of end-of-life processes, the location of processes and the occurrence of land use change; and (ii) the choice of method for handling multi-functionality can strongly influence results in LCAs of forest products, particularly in consequential studies and in studies of relatively small co-product flows. Regarding the assessment of environmental impacts of particular relevance for forest products, it was found that using established climate impact assessment practices can cause LCA practitioners to miss environmental hot-spots and make erroneous conclusions about the performance of forest products vis-à-vis non-forest alternatives, particularly in studies aimed at short-term impact mitigation. Also, a new approach for inventorying water cycle alterations was developed, which made it possible to capture catchment-scale effects of forestry never captured before. To connect the LCA results to global challenges, a procedure was proposed for translating the planetary boundaries into absolute product-scale targets for impact reduction, e.g. to be used for evaluating interventions for product improvements or for managing trade-offs between impact categories.
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Forsberg, Göran. "Assessment of bioenergy systems : an integrating study of two methods /." Uppsala : Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences (Sveriges lantbruksuniv.), 1999. http://epsilon.slu.se/avh/1999/91-576-5857-9.pdf.

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Strid, Eriksson Ingrid. "Environmental systems analysis of pig production : development and application of tools for evaluation of the environmental impact of feed choice /." Uppsala : Dept. of Biometry and Engineering, Swedish Univ. of Agricultural Sciences, 2004. http://epsilon.slu.se/a491.pdf.

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Shipigina, Ekaterina. "Remote sensing methods for environmental monitoring of human impact on sub-Arctic ecosystems in Europe." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/268066.

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The role and scale of human impact on the global environment is a question of special importance to the scientific community and the world as a whole. This impact has dramatically increased since the beginning of industrialisation, yet its understanding remains patchy. The sub-Arctic plays a central role in forming the global environment due to the vast territory of boreal forest and tundra. Severe climatic conditions make its ecosystems highly sensitive to any natural and human disturbances. In this context, the dynamics of boreal vegetation, and of the forest/tundra interface (the treeline), is the most representative indicator of environmental changes in the sub-Arctic. For some time now, monitoring land cover and vegetation changes using remote sensing techniques have been a powerful method for studying human impact on environment from landscape to global scales. It is particularly efficient when applied to the sub-Arctic ecosystems. Remote sensing gives access to accurate and specific information about distant and hard-to-reach areas across forest and tundra. Despite all the e orts, there is a lack of uniformity in studying human impact, a shortage of mapping of impact over large territories and a lack of understanding of the relation between human activity and environmental response. This dissertation develops a systematic approach to monitoring land cover and vegetation changes under human impact over northern Fennoscandia. The study area extends north and south of the treeline and covers around 400,000km2 reaching from Finnmark in Norway, through Norrbotten in Sweden, Lapland in Finland up to the Murmansk region in Russia. This is the most populated and industrially developed region of the whole sub-Arctic and, therefore, suffering most from human impact. This dissertation identifies industrial atmospheric pollution, reindeer herding, forest logging, forest fires and infrastructure development as the primary types of human impact close to the treeline. For each type characteristic hotspots are identified and human impact is analysed in the context of physical environment as well as cultural, economical and political development of the area. This dissertation presents an automated workflow enabling large-scale land cover mapping in northern Fennoscandia with high throughput. It starts with automated image pre-processing using image metadata and ends with automated mapping of classification results. A single classifier for multispectral Landsat data is trained on extensive field data collected across the whole region. Open source tools are used extensively to set up the processing scripts enabling rapid and reproducible analysis. Using the developed advanced remote sensing methodology land cover maps are constructed for all identified hotspots and types of human impact. Changes in vegetation are analysed using three or four historical land cover maps for each hotspot. More than 35 Landsat TM and ETM+ images covering the period from the 1980s until 2011 are processed in an automated manner. A strong correlation between the level of impact and the scale of vegetation change is confirmed and analysed. The structure and dynamics of the local treeline and the quality of environment are analysed and assessed in the context of changing levels of impact at each hotspot and regionally.
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Lindahl, Mattias, and Henrik Larsson. "Life cycle assessment of floor care : a comparative study of the Twister™ method and floor care methods using polish and wax." Linköpings universitet, Industriell miljöteknik, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-21986.

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This study was initiated by the authors in order to evaluate the Twister™ method’s environmental pros and cons in relation to other traditional floor care methods using polish and wax. This has been ascertained through a Life Cycle Assessment which was conducted within the study. The study has been in co-operation with HTC Sweden AB, the developer of the Twister™ method. The results show that the elements of the Twister™ method with the greatest environmental impact are the scrubbing machine that is used and the low energy consumption that the Twister™ method requires. The results also show that the Twister™ method has a significantly lower environmental impact than floor care methods using polish or wax. The parts of the Twister™ pad that have the greatest environmental impact are the industrial diamonds and the material that makes up the pad.
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Sandoval, Maitê de Souza [UNESP]. "Proposta de padronização em avaliação de impactos ambientais." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/92754.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:26:10Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2008-07-18Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:14:49Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 sandoval_ms_me_rcla.pdf: 689985 bytes, checksum: f333029b423c9df4992d4070398b119c (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
A avaliação da significância dos impactos ambientais continua a ser um importante componente crítico ainda mal compreendido da prática da avaliação de impactos ambientais. Este trabalho é um estudo sobre as conclusões de uma revisão bibliográfica sobre a avaliação e comunicação de avaliação do impacto ambiental praticada no Brasil. É dada especial atenção para a importância da utilização de critérios, padrões e métodos de avaliação de impactos ambientais que pretendendo incorporar mais eficiência nos estudos de impacto ambiental. Assim, o objetivo desta pesquisa foi a realização de uma proposta, incluindo o desenvolvimento de procedimentos e aplicar na avaliação de impactos ambientais situações relativas à sua formulação, aplicação e interpretação da significância dos critérios, conclusões e recomendações pertinentes para respeitar o objetivo da avaliação de impacto ambiental que é garantir a viabilidade ambiental das atividades humanas.
The evaluation of the significance of environmental impacts remains an important critical yet poorly understood component of environmental impact assessment practice. This work is a study upon the findings of a bibliographic review about the evaluation and communication of environmental impact assessment in Brazil practice. Particular attention is given to the use of significance criteria, thresholds and EIA methodologies intending to incorporate more efficiency of environmental impact statement. Thus, the aim of this research was the accomplishment of a proposal including the development of procedures to apply in EIA issues surrounding the formulation, application and interpretation of significance criteria, conclusions and recommendations relevant to respect the aim of EIA that in provide environmental viability of men activities.
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Fairbanks, Ronald. "Assessing the environmental impact of polystyrene, paperboard and polypropylene food packaging articles used in retail for fast food applications using product life cycle assessment methods." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5731.

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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.
ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Over the last few years consumers have become more environmentally focused and have transferred this pressure upwards through the supply chain to retailers and manufacturers in turn. One of the areas under scrutiny is food packaging, as this does not form part of the product being consumed or used. Packaging's primary function is to protect the contents from the time of manufacture until it is used and the environmental footprint of packaging is only a small portion of the overall food chains'. In a study conducted by Oki and Sasaki (2000) they concluded that, a shortage of packaging materials in nations with inadequate social infrastructures causes extremely heavy losses of foodstuffs. In developed countries foodstuff waste is close to 1 %, whereas in less developed countries the waste can be as high as 50% to 75%. Functional packaging contributes to minimising this waste. Packaging media are often chosen for their ability to satisfy the product's requirements, but different materials are perceived by the public to be more or Jess environmentally friendly, independent of the functional requirements. The products with the better environmental reputation are generally those that are recycled and where companies have promoted the recycling efforts. However the perception does not necessarily reflect the actual environmental impact of the product type. In many instances, when one considers all of the energy costs and pollution effects associated with a particular product's manufacture and recycling, it can have a harsher impact than a single-use product that is disposed of after use. The long term business success of companies in the packaging industry will be linked to consumer preferences for functionally suitable, environmentally friendly packaging. To determine a product's environmental effect, a Life Cycle Analysis (LCA) is often used. LCA is a quantitative procedure to assess the environmental burdens associated with the life cycle of a product, process or service. The complete life cycle of a product includes the extraction of raw materials (including water), processing, transportation, manufacturing, distribution, the use and reuse of materials, maintenance, recycling and waste disposal. (Brent, A.C.: 2003, 115). In this report LCI's were compiled for three South African product categories, selected on the basis of volume used in the consumer market and suitable comparison products being available. Having completed the LCI based on realistic packaging products and production methods, the results per category can be presented. For a functional unit comparison of two cup types, a volume of 1000 litres was used. The results show that per functional unit, expanded polystyrene cups use 27% less energy, but produce 32% more C02 emissions than paper cups. The paper cups however use 51% more water. Neither product shows a significant overall environmental benefit over the other. For a functional unit comparison of two burger boxes, a functional number of 10 000 boxes was used. The results show that per functional unit the carton board boxes use 89% more energy, produce 268% more CO2 emissions and use 239% more water. Overall, the polystyrene burger box has a lower environmental impact. For a functional unit comparison of two protein packaging trays, a functional number of 10 000 trays was used. The results show that per unit, polypropylene trays use 94% more energy, produce 197% more C02 emissions, but only use 76% of the water compared to a foamed polystyrene tray. The LCI study has produced suitable data to provide a summary where aspects of the environmental impacts of the products can be compared. This information can be used to understand and improve the environmental footprint of the products or to educate the stakeholders who are involved in the packaging decisions. The LCI results differ from similar international studies due to the importation of most raw materials and high air emissions from local electricity production.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Verbruikers het die afgelope paar jaar baie meer omgewingsbewus geword en plaas dus al hoe meer opwaardse druk via die verskaffingsketting op kleinhandelaars en vervaardigers. Een van die areas onder verdenking is voedselverpakking, want dit vorm nie deel van die produk wat verbruik word nie. Verpakking se primere funksie is die beskerming van die inhoud daarvan vanaf vervaardiging tot dit verbruik word. Die omgewingsimpak van verpakking is slegs 'n klein gedeelte van die algehele voedselketting. Navorsing deur Oki en Sasaki (2000) toon dat 'n tekort aan verpakkingsmateriaal in nasies met skaars sosiale infrastrukture veroorsaak geweldige verliese in voedsel. In ontwikkelde lande is voedselvermorsing ongeveer 1% terwyl minder ontwikkelde lande se voedselvermorsing so hoog as 50% tot 75% is. Funksionele verpakking help om die vermorsing te verminder. Verpakkingsmedia word dikwels gekies vir hul vermoee om aan die produk se vereistes te voldoen, maar verskillende materiale word onafhanklik van hul funksionele vereistes deur die publiek as meer of minder omgewingsvriendelik beskou. Die produkte met die beter omgewingsvriendelike reputasie is gewoonlik die wat herwin word en ook waar die herwinningspogins deur die maatskappye bemark word. Die persepsie weerspieel egter nie noodwendig die eintlike omgewingsimpak van die produktipe nie. Dit gebeur dikwels dat wanneer al die energiekostes en besoedelingsgevolge wat met die vervaardiging en herwinning van 'n spesifieke produk in ag geneem word, dit 'n erger impak as 'n produk wat slegs eenmalig gebruik en dan weggegooi word, het. Die langtermyn sukses van maatskappye in die verpakkingsindustrie sal gekoppel word aan verbruikersvoorkeure vir funksionele gepaste, omgewingsvriendelike verpakking. 'n Lewensiklus Analise word dikwels gebruik om 'n produk se omgewingsimpak te bepaal. Dit is 'n kwantitatiewe prosedure wat die omgewingslaste wat met die lewensiklus van ' n produk, proses of diens verband hou assesseer. Die volledige lewensiklus van 'n produk sluit die ekstraksie van rou materiaal (water ingesluit), prossesering, vervoer, vervaardiging, verspreiding, die gebruik en hergebruik van materiaal, instandhouding, herwinning en afval verwydering in (Brent. A.C.: 2003. 115). In hierdie verslag word die Lewensiklus Analise van drie Suid-Afrikaanse produkkategoriee saamgestel. Die kategoriee is geselekteer op grond van die volume gebruik in die verbruikersmark en ook die gepaste vergelykbare produkte wat beskikbaar is. Nadat die Lewensiklus Analise afgehandel is, gebaseer op realistiese verpakkingsprodukte en produksiemetodes, is dit moontlik om die resultate per kategorie voor te stel. 'n Volume van 1000 liter was gebruik vir die funksionele eenheidsvergelyking van twee houertipes. Die resultate toon dat, per funksionele eendheid, die polistireen houers 27% minder energie verbruik, maar dit produseer 32% meer C02 uitlatings as papierhouers. Die papierhouers gebruik egter 51 % meer water. Nie een van die produkte toon egter 'n beduidende algehele omgewingsvoordeel oor die ander nie. 'n Funksionele nommer van 10000 houers was gebruik vir 'n funksionele eenheidssvergelyking van burgerhouers. Die resultate wys dat die kartonhouers, per funksionele eeheid, 89% meer energie verbruik, 268% meer C02 uitlatings produseer en 239% meer water gebruik. Die polistireen bugerhouer het oor die algemeen 'n laer omgewingsimpak. 'n Funksionele nommer van 10 000 houers is gebruik vir die funksionele eenheidsvergelyking van twee protiene verpakkinghouers. Die resultate toon dat, per eenheid, polypropylene houers 94% meer energie verbruik, 197% meer C02 uitlatings produseer, maar net 76% water gebruik in vergelyking met die polistireen houer. Die Lewensiklus eenheidsvergelyking het gepaste data voorsien wat 'n opsomming verskaf waar die aspekte van die omgewingsimpak van die produkte vergelyk kan word. Hierdie inligting kan gebruik word om die omgewingsinvloed van die produkte te verstaan en te verbeter en ook om die deelnemers betrokke by die verpakkingsbesluite op te voed. Die Lewensiklus Analise resultate verskil van soortgelyke internasionale studies as gevolg van die invoer van die meeste rou materiale en groter lug besoedeling van plaaslike elektrisiteitsproduksie.
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Salley, Devon Mr. "Advancing Methods to Measure the Atmospheric CO2 Sink from Carbonate Rock Weathering." TopSCHOLAR®, 2016. http://digitalcommons.wku.edu/theses/1603.

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With rising atmospheric CO2 concentrations, a detailed understanding of processes that impact atmospheric CO2 fluxes is required. While a sink of atmospheric carbon from the continents to the ocean from carbonate mineral weathering is, to some degree, offset by carbonate mineral precipitation in the oceans, efforts are underway to make direct measurements of these fluxes. Measurement of the continental sink has two parts: 1) measurement of the dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) flux leaving a river basin, and 2) partitioning the inorganic carbon flux between the amount removed from the atmosphere and the portion from the bedrock. This study attempted to improve methods to measure the DIC flux using existing data to estimate the DIC flux from carbonate weathering within the limestone karst region of south central Kentucky. The DIC flux from the Barren River drainage basin upstream from Bowling Green in southern Kentucky and northern Tennessee, and the upper Green River drainage basin, upstream from Greensburg, Kentucky, was measured, each for a year, using U.S.G.S. discharge data and water-chemistry data from municipal water plants. A value of the (DIC) flux, normalized by time and area of carbonate rock, of 4.29 g km-3 day-1 was obtained for the Barren River, and 4.95 kg km-3 for the Green. These compared favorably with data obtained by Osterhoudt (2014) from two nested basins in the upper Green River with values of 5.66 kg km-3 day-1 and 5.82 kg km-3 day-1 upstream from Greensburg and Munfordville, respectively. Additional normalization of the values obtained in this study by average precipitation minus evapotranspiration over the area of carbonate rock, or water available for carbonate dissolution, resulted in values of 5.61x107 g C (km3 H20)- 1 day-1 (grams of carbon per cubic kilometer of water, per day) for the Barren, and 7.43x107g C (km3 H20)-1 day-1 for the Green River. Furthermore, a statistical relationship between the total DIC flux and time-volume of water available for dissolution has been observed, yielding an r2 value of 0.9478. This relationship indicates that the primary variables affecting DIC flux for these drainage basins are time and the volume of water available for dissolution.
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Books on the topic "Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng"

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Rastoskuev, Viktor, Vladislav Donchenko, Viktor Pitulko, and Varvara Ivanova. Basics of environmental impact assessment. ru: INFRA-M Academic Publishing LLC., 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/23160.

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The analysis of the regulatory framework of environmental environment, wildlife, and environmental safety in Russia and abroad. Particular attention is paid to the presentation of the theory, methodology and practice cal techniques for geo-environmental study of economic activity level of a feasibility study, design, construction and operation, as well as designing principles tion and environmental protection facilities. The conceptual procedure environmental impact assessment (EIA), environmental risk analysis, assessment and auditing, which are the main tools Tami environmental support planned economic activity of Russia´s (methods, tools, and environmental assessment criteria, methods Wild assess the intensity of anthropogenic load on the environment). Compliant with the Federal State of Education tional standard of the latest generation of higher education. Recommended for students and teachers of all technical eg boards and university education specialties. May be also used in the study courses "Ecology", "Ecology and nature dopolzovanie "" Environmental Protection "," Harmful substances in the environ- environment "," Ekozaschitnaya equipment and technology "and aspiranta- E specialty "Geoecology".
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Therivel, Riki, and Graham Wood, eds. Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932.

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Wood, Christopher. Environmental impact assessment: A comparative review. 2nd ed. Harlow, Essex: Prentice Hall, 2003.

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Environmental impact assessment: A comparative review. Harlow, Essex, England: Longman Scientific & Technical, 1995.

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Environmental impact assessment: A comparative review. 2nd ed. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2002.

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Collins, Gary. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program methods format guidance. Cincinnati, Ohio: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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Collins, Gary. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment Program methods format guidance. Cincinnati, Ohio: Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, 1995.

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APO Study Meeting on Adoption of Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) Methods for On-Farm Level Application (1998 Tokyo, Japan). Environmental impact assessment for farms: [adoption of environmental impact assessment methods for on-farm level application in Asia and the Pacific]. Tokyo: Asian Productivity Organization, 2000.

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Baddaloo, Earle Gerard Yantdeo, 1946-, ed. Evaluation of environmental data for regulatory and impact assessment. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1991.

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Englund, Evan J. Geo-EAS (geostatistical environmental assessment software) user's guide: Project summary. Las Vegas, NV: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Environmental Monitoring Systems Laboratory, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng"

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Middle, Garry. "Risk and risk assessment." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 623–48. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-18.

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van Keeken, Ellen. "Environmental Impact Assessment Methods in the Netherlands." In The GeoJournal Library, 91–108. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-3563-6_7.

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Durning, Bridget, and Martin Broderick. "Environmental and social management plans." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 678–702. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-20.

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Therivel, Riki, and Graham Wood. "Introduction." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 1–19. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-1.

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Ferrary, Chris, and Polash Banerjee. "Transport." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 365–98. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-10.

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Knight, Rebecca, and Riki Therivel. "Landscape and visual." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 399–431. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-11.

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Chisholm, Amanda, and Júlio Jesus. "Cultural heritage." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 432–74. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-12.

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Glasson, John. "Socio-economic impacts 1: Overview and economic impacts." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 475–514. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-13.

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Chadwick, Andrew, and John Glasson. "Socio-economic impacts 2: Social impacts." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 515–45. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-14.

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Smyth, Eddie, and Frank Vanclay. "Land acquisition, resettlement and livelihoods." In Methods of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment, 546–76. 4th edition. | New York : Routledge, 2017. | Series: The natural and built environment series: Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315626932-15.

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Conference papers on the topic "Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng"

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Avillez, Jorge, Matthew Frost, Steve Cawser, Chris Skinner, Ashraf El-Hamalawi, and Paul Shields. "Procedures for Estimating Environmental Impact From Railway Induced Vibration: A Review." In ASME 2012 Noise Control and Acoustics Division Conference at InterNoise 2012. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ncad2012-1083.

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Railway induced ground-borne vibration is among the most common and widespread sources of perceptible environmental vibration. It can give rise to discomfort and disturbance, adversely impacting on human activity and the operation of sensitive equipment. The rising demand for building new railway lines or upgrading existing lines in order to meet increasing transit flows has furthered the need for adequate vibration assessment tools during the planning and design stages. In recent years many studies in the fields of rail and ground dynamics have encouraged many prediction techniques giving rise to a wide variety of procedures for estimating vibration on buildings. Each method shows potential for application at different levels of complexity and applicability to varying circumstances. From the perspective of railway environmental impact assessment, this paper reviews some relevant prediction techniques, assessing their degree of suitability for practical engineering application by weighting their methodology (i.e. considerations and requirements) against practicality and precision. The review suggests that not all procedures are practicable (e.g. the attainment of representative parameters needed to run the procedures) whilst others predicate on assumptions, which revealed to be too relaxed resulting in insufficient accuracy; however, a combination of methods may provide the necessary balance.
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Kwak, Minjung, Louis Kim, Obaid Sarvana, Harrison M. Kim, Peter Finamore, and Herb Hazewinkel. "Life Cycle Assessment of Complex Heavy Duty Equipment." In ASME/ISCIE 2012 International Symposium on Flexible Automation. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/isfa2012-7180.

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This paper presents a comprehensive life cycle assessment (LCA) study of heavy duty off-road equipment. The machine studied here is a typical piece of diesel construction machinery equipped with the iT4 (interim Tier 4) certified diesel engine. Two life cycle impact assessment methods, Eco-Indicator 99 and IPCC 2007, are used to calculate the environmental impact and global warming potential associated with the machine’s life cycle, from material extraction to end-of-life recycling and disposal. Due to fuel consumption and emissions, machine utilization during the usage phase is expected to account for most of the total environmental impact. However, the impact from usage can vary greatly, depending on how customers use the machine. To take into account various machine usage patterns, this LCA study performs two sensitivity analyses, varying the load factor and varying the fuel consumption rate, respectively.
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Chambers, A. V., W. R. Rodwell, M. Kelly, A. R. Hoch, and A. J. Baker. "Assessment of Package Performance During Long-Term Storage of Intermediate-Level Radioactive Waste." In ASME 2003 9th International Conference on Radioactive Waste Management and Environmental Remediation. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icem2003-4517.

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In the UK, the need for the long-term management of intermediate-level radioactive wastes arises from the absence of an established deep disposal option. As a consequence there is a requirement to demonstrate the ‘passive safety’ of waste packages in stores over a necessarily lengthy period (perhaps 150 years or more). ‘Passive safety’ is taken here to imply that the waste packages themselves would remain safe without intervention; it is assumed however, that the store building and associated infrastructure would need to be actively maintained and that the store may need to be ventilated. Importantly, methods for waste storage also need to ensure that possible future options for disposal are not foreclosed. An extended period of storage suggests that emphasis will need to be placed by waste producers on understanding a number of issues such as: • the impact of corrosion on container integrity; • the assessment of container vents and other features as a pathway for the release of radioactivity; • the extent to which wastes are conditioned for storage and the selection of appropriate methods; • the generation and behaviour of toxic or flammable gases in the storage facility; and the mitigating steps that might be needed to address adverse impacts (e.g. the type of ventilation that the store requires). In this paper, we review the requirements and current state of knowledge relevant to the assessment of operational releases of radioactive, flammable and toxic gases from wastes in long-term interim storage.
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Barreto, David, Abdolmajid Moghtadaei, Madjid Karimirad, and Arturo Ortega. "Sensitivity Analysis of a Bottom Fixed Offshore Wind Turbine Using the Environmental Contour Method." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95390.

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Abstract In the field of stochastic dynamics of marine structures, environmental conditions play a vital role. Considering wind and waves as random processes, determining the environmental parameters which correspond to an annual exceedance probability for a certain structural concept is of vital importance for the respective assessment of the loads and their effects. The accuracy in predicting the conditions, especially those corresponding to the sea, is of a great relevance when a probabilistic design is performed in order to ensure the structural integrity of an offshore wind turbine. In particular, models are not always completely perfect and accurate data is not always available. The Environmental Contour Method (ECM), which is based on the IFORM methodology, is one of the most popular methods in the offshore industry when determining the environmental conditions, for a given annual exceedance probability, is required. The ECM allows analysing proper sea states for operational and extreme conditions with lower computational efforts than the most accurate method (Full Long-Term Analysis). In the present study, effects of progressive variations (uncertainties) of the sea states parameters (i.e. significant wave height, spectral peak period) on the dynamic response of a Monopile Wind Turbine (NREL 5MW) are analysed. Two operative conditions are considered: rated wind and cut-out wind speed. In each case, the 50-year environmental contour (EC) is plotted for a site located in the North Sea. Some sea states are selected from the EC (base cases) and then derived cases with percentage variations are generated. All the cases are simulated in FAST (NREL) and the standard deviations of the time series are compared with its respective values of base cases. The results for the dynamic responses at mudline (e.g. overturning moments and shear forces) are presented as the most important parameters governing the design of the monopile. In this analysis, the wave height shows more influence on the response variation percentage than the peak period. This work shows the importance of accurately setting up the input parameters and their impact on the calculation of the dynamic responses.
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DeVierno, Ashley, Brian Thorn, and Andres L. Carrano. "Combining Life Cycle Assessment and Linear Regression Analysis to Determine Significant Design Characteristics." In ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2012-70251.

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For designers it is difficult to pin-point the design characteristics that could be changed to reduce the environmental impact of their products. This paper describes a method for determining the design characteristics that have a significant relationship with environmental impact that arises at product end-of-life. In this method, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) and Linear Regression Analysis (LRA) are combined. LCA is used to quantify the environmental impact of products from the extraction of their raw materials to their disposal. LRA is used to determine the design characteristics that have the most significant relationship with environmental impact. Combining LCA and LRA gives the designer the ability to (1) establish a relationship between design characteristics and their environmental impact, (2) determine the most significant design characteristics that influence environmental impact, and (3) validate design changes with their influence on product environmental impact. In the case study described here, the design characteristic, Volume, is shown to have significant relationship with the end-of-life environmental impact of cellular phones. This trend is consistent with the results of the one-phase end-of-life disposition assessments that evaluated disassembled cellular phones. With the results of this method, designers can focus their sustainable design efforts on modifying and improving the design characteristics that have the strongest relationship with environmental impact.
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Scheck, Hans-Otto, and Susanna Kallio. "Methods and standards for environmental impact assessment of mobile radio networks." In 2013 20th International Conference on Telecommunications (ICT). IEEE, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ictel.2013.6632082.

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Ek, Kristine, Alexandre Mathern, Rasmus Rempling, Lars Rosén, Christina Claeson-Jonsson, Petra Brinkhoff, and Malin Norin. "Multi-criteria decision analysis methods to support sustainable infrastructure construction." In IABSE Symposium, Guimarães 2019: Towards a Resilient Built Environment Risk and Asset Management. Zurich, Switzerland: International Association for Bridge and Structural Engineering (IABSE), 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2749/guimaraes.2019.1084.

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<p>The construction of infrastructure projects represents a large sustainability impact, both positive and negative. Increased positive and reduced negative impacts can be achieved through better design and planning of the construction. To make more sustainable choices, well-defined predictive sustainability assessment methods are required. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) is a well- suited method for predictive sustainability assessment. This paper evaluates two MCDA methods for sustainability assessment of infrastructure construction and exemplifies their application with two case studies. The aim of this paper is to discuss if the methods are suitable for identifying the most sustainable alternative during the procurement process of an infrastructure project. It is recommended that MCDA methods are further developed to comply with the recently published EN standard on sustainability assessment of civil engineering works.</p>
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Thompson, Matthew A., Amir Mohajeri, and Amin Mirkouei. "Environmental and Economic Impacts of Nitrogen Trifluoride at an Idaho Semiconductor Facility." In ASME 2020 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2020-22603.

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Abstract Nitrogen Trifluoride (NF3) is an inorganic compound widely used in the electronics industry for manufacturing various products, such as semiconductors, solar panels, and touch screens. However, NF3 emissions that accumulate in the atmosphere have 17,200 times the global warming potentials of CO2 over a 100-year time horizon. The abatement efficiency for NF3 is high, although some amount of NOx is generated. This study aims to provide economic and environmental impact assessments on the use of NF3. Life cycle assessment method is applied for evaluating environmental aspects. Additionally, a real case study for the Idaho semiconductor facility is used to assess the method and demonstrate the application of this study. The results show that slight reductions in abatement efficiency have dramatic impacts on mitigating greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions. Even small unplanned releases of NF3, either through mechanical failure or human error, have significant environmental impacts, and every reasonable effort should be taken to avoid such incidents. The results also indicate that the cost of abatement is the primary driver of economic impact. It is found that the considerable distance from the chemical plant in Arizona to the point of use in Idaho contributed a minor portion of GHGs associated with the use of NF3. It is also found that contaminants (e.g., SF6 and CF4) within the cylinder potentially have more substantial GHG impacts than the actual NF3, owing in part to the relative ease with which NF3 is destroyed through abatement.
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Borland, Nicholas, David Wallace, and Heiner P. Kaufmann. "Integrating Environmental Impact Assessment Into Product Design." In ASME 1998 Design Engineering Technical Conferences. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc98/dfm-5730.

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Abstract This paper proposes a computer-based method for providing product designers with real-time environmental impact assessment. In this concurrent modeling approach, environmental experts build life cycle models, define their interfaces, and publish them as distributed objects on the internet. Traditional designers integrating these objects into their design model have access to the impact assessment methods provided. Communication between these models is the primary focus of this paper — methods for establishing and maintaining this communication are described in detail. A beverage container design example illustrates how this collaborative approach can be effective in determining tradeoffs between design alternatives.
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KaiNing Yu, BingXu Lv, Min Zhao, and ZhiGuang Li. "Research of the environmental impact assessment methods caused by foundation pit dewatering." In 2011 International Symposium on Water Resource and Environmental Protection (ISWREP). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iswrep.2011.5893455.

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Reports on the topic "Methods of environmental impact assessment. eng"

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Al-Qadi, Imad, Hasan Ozer, Mouna Krami Senhaji, Qingwen Zhou, Rebekah Yang, Seunggu Kang, Marshall Thompson, et al. A Life-Cycle Methodology for Energy Use by In-Place Pavement Recycling Techniques. Illinois Center for Transportation, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36501/0197-9191/20-018.

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Worldwide interest in using recycled materials in flexible pavements as an alternative to virgin materials has increased significantly over the past few decades. Therefore, recycling has been utilized in pavement maintenance and rehabilitation activities. Three types of in-place recycling technologies have been introduced since the late 70s: hot in-place recycling, cold in-place recycling, and full-depth reclamation. The main objectives of this project are to develop a framework and a life-cycle assessment (LCA) methodology to evaluate maintenance and rehabilitation treatments, specifically in-place recycling and conventional paving methods, and develop a LCA tool utilizing Visual Basic for Applications (VBA) to help local and state highway agencies evaluate environmental benefits and tradeoffs of in-place recycling techniques as compared to conventional rehabilitation methods at each life-cycle stage from the material extraction to the end of life. The ultimate outcome of this study is the development of a framework and a user-friendly LCA tool that assesses the environmental impact of a wide range of pavement treatments, including in-place recycling, conventional methods, and surface treatments. The developed tool provides pavement industry practitioners, consultants, and agencies the opportunity to complement their projects’ economic and social assessment with the environmental impacts quantification. In addition, the tool presents the main factors that impact produced emissions and energy consumed at every stage of the pavement life cycle due to treatments. The tool provides detailed information such as fuel usage analysis of in-place recycling based on field data.
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