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Journal articles on the topic 'Methods of inoculation'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Enebak, S. A., M. E. Ostry, and N. A. Anderson. "Inoculation methods for selecting Populus tremuloides resistant to Hypoxylon canker." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 29, no. 8 (1999): 1192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/x99-062.

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Canker expansion and the amount of callus tissue formed were measured monthly on 60 ramets from each of five trembling aspen (Populus tremuloides Michx.) clones that had been inoculated in wounds with Entoleuca mammata (= Hypoxylon mammatum (Wahl.) Mill.) over a 12-month period. At the clone level, the prevalence of nonlethal cankers within clones prior to the study had no correlation with canker expansion with three of the five clones. Greenhouse inoculation of ramets derived from the same five clones resulted in the same resistance rankings as main-stem inoculations in the field. One isolate

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2

Driskel, Barbara A., Robert M. Hunger, Mark E. Payton, and Jeanmarie Verchot-Lubicz. "Response of Hard Red Winter Wheat to Soilborne wheat mosaic virus Using Novel Inoculation Methods." Phytopathology® 92, no. 4 (2002): 347–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2002.92.4.347.

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Soilborne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV) is an agronomically important pathogen of wheat that is transmitted by the soilborne plasmodiophorid vector Polymyxa graminis. In the laboratory, attempts to generate SBWMV-infected plants are often hampered by poor infectivity of the virus. To analyze the mechanism for virus resistance in wheat cultivars, we developed novel inoculation techniques. A new technique for foliar inoculation of SBWMV was developed that eliminated wound-induced necrosis normally associated with rub inoculating virus to wheat leaves. This new technique is important because we can

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3

Liu, Jiang, Nicole P. Anderson, and Christopher C. Mundt. "Methods for Screening Wheat Genotypes for Resistance to Sharp Eyespot in the Field and Greenhouse." Plant Disease 104, no. 12 (2020): 3192–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-19-2652-re.

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Screening methodology of wheat genotypes for resistance to sharp eyespot (caused by Rhizoctonia cerealis) was developed. Disease severity differed among cultivars and between field and greenhouse trials. However, the cultivars Bobtail and Rosalyn had consistently lower severity in field experiments with high sharp eyespot disease pressure. Artificial inoculation was crucial to achieving adequate disease levels for effective screening but planting date had very little effect. Greenhouse inoculation of adult wheat plants was much less successful in categorizing resistance to sharp eyespot. Seedl

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4

Anderson, N. R., J. D. Ravellette, and K. A. Wise. "Improved Method for Injecting Fungal Inoculum into Corn Ears." Plant Health Progress 17, no. 3 (2016): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-rs-16-0031.

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Corn (Zea mays L.) ear rot pathogens reduce yield and grain quality annually, and research on these pathogens and their interactions with the host can require inoculation of fungal material into the ears. A new system of mechanically inoculating corn ears was designed using a hydration backpack and auto-filling vaccinator with a needle attached. The efficiency of the new system was compared to a previously established inoculation method using a manual syringe method with an 18-gauge blunt end needle attached to a 60-ml syringe, with inoculum carried in a plastic beaker. Inoculation methods wer

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5

du Toit, Lindsey J., and Jerald K. Pataky. "Variation Associated with Silk Channel Inoculation for Common Smut of Sweet Corn." Plant Disease 83, no. 8 (1999): 727–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.1999.83.8.727.

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Efforts at breeding for resistance to common smut of maize (Zea mays), caused by Ustilago maydis, are hampered by the lack of a reliable and efficient method of inoculation. Silk channel injection is one of the most efficient methods of inoculating for ear galls but is less consistent than acceptable for accurate assessment of the response of genotypes. The objective of this study was to examine how the silk channel inoculation method can be modified to reduce variation while maintaining efficiency for large-scale field inoculations. Variation associated with inoculum concentration and variati

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6

Christofilogiannis, Panos. "Current inoculation methods in MIC determination." Aquaculture 196, no. 3-4 (2001): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0044-8486(01)00542-7.

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7

Ventura, Matheus Vinicius Abadia, Leidiane Dos Santos Lucas, Isabelly Ribeiro Lima, et al. "Different methods of inoculation of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Azospirillum) specific of grasses in sorghum." Ipê Agronomic Journal 4, no. 2 (2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.37951/2595-6906.2020v4i2.6366.

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Sorghum is one of the crops of great relevance in the production of grains in the cerrado region. Its main use for animal feeding and is considered a great alternative for human food in the form of grains. A promising alternative is the use of nitrogen-fixing bacteria (N) in the sorghum crop. Inoculation with N-fixing bacteria, such as Azospirillum, is an alternative to reduce costs by replacing the high cost of production due to nitrogen fertilization. The objective of this work was to evaluate different methods of inoculating nitrogen - fixing bacteria (Azospirilum) in sorghum culture. The e

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8

Scott, S. J., M. Stevens, and R. C. Gergerich. "TITER OF TOMATO SPOTTED WILT VIRUS IN THREE TOMATO SPECIES VARIES WITH THE LEAVES INOCULATED BUT NOT LIGHT INTENSITY." HortScience 25, no. 9 (1990): 1076g—1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.25.9.1076g.

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Three methods to inoculate Lycopersicon esculentum 'VF Pink' seedlings with tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) were compared. Treatments were 1) two inoculations by hand (rubbing leaves with a sterile cotton swab), 2) a single inoculation using a paint sprayer at 3.56 × 105 N· m-2, and 3) two spray inoculations. All three methods were effective (>95% infection) under moderate temperatures in the spring, but hand inoculation was not effective under hot conditions in the summer. In another experiment, spray inoculation was used to compare effects of light intensity and the leaf inoculated on su

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9

Liu, Shuxiang, Jie Xu, Long Xie, Mei-Jun Zhu, and Juming Tang. "Dry inoculation methods for nonfat milk powder." Journal of Dairy Science 102, no. 1 (2019): 77–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.3168/jds.2018-14478.

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10

Xu, Jie, Jinxia Song, Juzhong Tan, Rossana Villa-Rojas, and Juming Tang. "Dry-inoculation methods for low-moisture foods." Trends in Food Science & Technology 103 (September 2020): 68–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.06.019.

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11

Kyei-Boahen, Stephen, Alfred E. Slinkard, and Fran L. Walley. "Evaluation of Rhizobial Inoculation Methods for Chickpea." Agronomy Journal 94, no. 4 (2002): 851. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.0851.

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12

Kyei‐Boahen, Stephen, Alfred E. Slinkard, and Fran L. Walley. "Evaluation of Rhizobial Inoculation Methods for Chickpea." Agronomy Journal 94, no. 4 (2002): 851–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.2134/agronj2002.8510.

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13

Perini, Luiz Júnior, Douglas Mariani Zeffa, William Rafael Roesler, Claudemir Zucareli, and Leandro Simões Azeredo Gonçalves. "Co-inoculation and inoculation methods of plant growth-promoting bacteria in wheat yield performance." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 42, no. 1 (2021): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2021v42n1p43.

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Several studies have reported the beneficial effects of inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in wheat, but only a few of them have related the co-inoculation of A. brasilense and Rhizobium sp. and the evaluation of different inoculation methods. This study aimed i) to verify the efficiency of plant growth-promoting bacteria (PGPB) in subtropical environments, ii) to verify the efficiency of co-inoculation of A. brasilense and Rhizobium sp., and iii) to verify the efficiency of the management of different inoculation methods in the wheat crop. The experiments were carried out in Londrina and

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14

Miedaner, T., M. Moldovan, and M. Ittu. "Comparison of Spray and Point Inoculation To Assess Resistance to Fusarium Head Blight in a Multienvironment Wheat Trial." Phytopathology® 93, no. 9 (2003): 1068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.2003.93.9.1068.

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Fusarium head blight (FHB, scab), caused by Fusarium graminearum or F. culmorum, results in yield and quality reductions and accumulation of mycotoxins. Two inoculation methods are commonly used. Spraying a spore suspension on the head (spray inoculation) will detect resistance to initial infection (type I) and to disease spread within the spike (type II). Injecting a spore suspension into individual florets (point inoculation) will detect type II resistance only. To analyze the association of spray and point inoculation, 20 elite winter wheat cultivars from Romania, Germany, and Switzerland w

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15

McNabb, W. M., C. G. J. van den Berg, and S. R. Rimmer. "Comparison of inoculation methods for selection of plants resistant to Leptosphaeria maculans in Brassica napus." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 73, no. 4 (1993): 1199–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps93-159.

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The relationship between ratings following four inoculation techniques and field ratings and the usefulness of these techniques for screening large populations was determined. Plants of Brassica napus ’Westar,’ ’Wesroona’, ’Topas’, ’Hanna’ and ’R8314’ were inoculated with L. maculans using four techniques: cotyledon inoculation with cotyledon rating, leaf inoculation with leaf and stem rating, stem inoculation with stem rating and inoculation using infested oat kernels with stem rating. Plants from each combination of cultivar and technique were self-pollinated for evaluation of disease rating

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16

Matics, Helena. "History of soil fertility enhancement with inoculation methods." Journal of Central European Agriculture 16, no. 2 (2015): 231–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/16.2.1614.

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17

Ferraz, H. G. M., G. A. Demuner, L. M. S. Guimarães, et al. "Methods of inoculation and evaluation ofErwinia psidiiin eucalypt." Forest Pathology 46, no. 3 (2015): 240–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/efp.12250.

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18

LORENZETTI, E., V. F. OLIVEIRA, A. J. A. NETO, and C. BELMONTE. "MÉTODOS DE ISOLAMENTO, CULTIVO E INOCULAÇÃO PARA PHYTOPHTHORA." Revista SODEBRAS 15, no. 173 (2020): 47–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.29367/issn.1809-3957.15.2020.173.47.

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19

WIERTZEMA, JUSTIN R., CHRISTIAN BORCHARDT, ANNA K. BECKSTROM, et al. "Evaluation of Methods for Inoculating Dry Powder Foods with Salmonella enterica, Enterococcus faecium, or Cronobacter sakazakii." Journal of Food Protection 82, no. 6 (2019): 1082–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x.jfp-18-284.

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ABSTRACT Salmonella and Cronobacter are two bacteria of concern in powdered food ingredients with low water activity, due to their ability to remain viable for long periods of time. There is great interest in studying the survival of these bacteria in powdered foods, but discrepancies have been reported between broth-grown and lawn-grown bacterial cells and their thermal resistance and desiccation tolerance once inoculated onto powdered foods. The purpose of this study was to evaluate three different powdered food inoculation methods, two broth-grown and one lawn-grown. To evaluate these metho

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20

Guo, Yonghong, Richard T. Olsen, Matthew Kramer, and Margaret Pooler. "Use of Mycelium and Detached Leaves in Bioassays for Assessing Resistance to Boxwood Blight." Plant Disease 100, no. 8 (2016): 1622–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-01-16-0016-re.

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Boxwood blight caused by Calonectria pseudonaviculata is a newly emergent disease of boxwood (Buxus spp. L.) in the United States that causes leaf drop, stem lesions, and plant death. A rapid and reliable laboratory assay that enables screening hundreds of boxwood genotypes for resistance to boxwood blight is needed to enable breeding and selection of resistant cultivars. Using eight boxwood cultivars with differing susceptibilities, we examined parameters for a screening assay comparing whole plant inoculation with detached leaf inoculation, use of mycelium versus spores as the inoculum, comp

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21

Sudarsono, Sudarsono, Elina Juanita, Giyanto, and Sukma Dewi. "Pathogen causing Phalaenopsis soft rot disease – 16S rDNA and virulence characterisation." Plant Protection Science 54, No. 1 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/18/2017-pps.

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The pathogen causing Phalaenopsis soft rot disease and developed detached leaf inoculation methods were identified. Based on its 16S rDNA sequences, the pathogen causing soft rot disease in Phalaenopsis was Erwinia chrysanthemi/Dickeya chrysanthemi. Both virulent and avirulent strains were revealed. The detached leaf inoculation assay for E. chrysanthemi/D. chrysanthemi resistance evaluation included wounding and inoculating the detached leaf with 108 CFU/ml of bacteria. Soft rot disease symptoms in the inoculated detached leaf were measurable at 20 h after inoculation. The detached leaf assay

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22

Van, Becelaere, and J. F. Miller. "Methods of inoculation of sunflower heads with sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Helia 27, no. 41 (2004): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hel0441137v.

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23

Baimey, Hugues, Danny Coyne, and Nico Labuschagne. "Assessment of inoculation methods in evaluating response of yam cultivars to infection by Scutellonema bradys." Nematology 7, no. 3 (2005): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/156854105774355518.

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AbstractTwo glasshouse experiments were conducted to assess the influence of three inoculation methods on Scutellonema bradys multiplication on yam (Dioscorea spp.) and on growth and production of the crop. Three separate cultivars of yam were used in the study: two Dioscorea rotundata cultivars (Ala and Kpouna) and one Dioscorea cayenensis (Tabane). One-month-old plants were each inoculated with approximately 1000 S. bradys juveniles and adults. The inoculation methods included inoculation with chopped infected pieces of yam peel (about 0.5 × 0.3 cm2), chopped and blended infected yam peel an

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Chen, Y., and D. Wang. "Two Convenient Methods to Evaluate Soybean for Resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Plant Disease 89, no. 12 (2005): 1268–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-89-1268.

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Several greenhouse inoculation methods are available to evaluate soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) for resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Lib.) de Bary. Most of these methods are labor intensive and often produce inconsistent results among the tests. The objective of this research was to develop a low-cost and high-efficiency greenhouse inoculation method that can generate a consistent result. We developed a spray-mycelium method in which mycelia were cultured in liquid potato dextrose broth and homogenized before spraying on the soybean leaves. We also developed an inoculation method (the

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25

Müller, Tânia Maria, Itacir Eloi Sandini, João Domingos Rodrigues, Jaqueline Huzar Novakowiski, Simone Basi, and Tatyanna Hyczy Kaminski. "Combination of inoculation methods of Azospirilum brasilense with broadcasting of nitrogen fertilizer increases corn yield." Ciência Rural 46, no. 2 (2015): 210–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20131283.

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Nitrogen (N) is the most limiting nutrient for corn production. Thereby, the goal of the paper was to evaluate inoculation methods of Azospirillum brasilense in order to partially supply N required by the crop. The experiment was carried out in Guarapuava, PR, Brasil, in 2011/2012 growing season. Randomized blocks with factorial 3 inoculation methods (seed treatment, planting furrow and non-inoculated control) x 5 doses of nitrogen (0, 75, 150, 225 and 300kg ha-1) x 8 replications was used as the experimental design. Leaf are index, foliar nitrogen content, total chlorophyll, grains per ear an

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Mathew, Febina M., James G. Jordahl, Thomas J. Gulya, and Samuel G. Markell. "Comparison of Greenhouse-Based Inoculation Methods to Study Aggressiveness of Diaporthe helianthi Isolates Causing Phomopsis Stem Canker of Sunflower (Helianthus annuus)." Plant Health Progress 19, no. 1 (2018): 92–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/php-10-17-0059-rs.

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Phomopsis stem canker is an economically important disease of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), and Diaporthe helianthi is one of the primary causal agents of the disease in the United States. The objective of this study was to evaluate inoculation methods of D. helianthi isolates on sunflower in the greenhouse. Four isolates of D. helianthi were selected to test the effectiveness of four inoculation methods using mycelial plugs as the inoculum, including stem wound, wound inoculation, petiole wound, and straw test. Infection was established by the D. helianthi isolates at 14 days after inoculati

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27

Wei, Run-Peng, Z. Luo, and B. Fang. "Clonal Variation of Eucalypts in Susceptibility to Bacterial Wilt Detected by Using Different Inoculation Methods." Silvae Genetica 63, no. 1-6 (2014): 24–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/sg-2014-0004.

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Summary Four inoculation methods were investigated for assessing the clonal variation of eucalypts in susceptibility to bacterial wilt (Ralstonia solanacearum). The results showed that these inoculation methods obviously differed in the disease infection process, clonal variation and clonal mean repeatability in susceptibility of stock materials inoculated. For each inoculation method, the clonal effect was consistently significant over the assessment period. Root-collar suspension injection method (RSI) yielded the highest relative clonal variation (0.67±0.086) and clonal mean repeatability (

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28

Engle, Jessica S., Laurence V. Madden, and Patrick E. Lipps. "Evaluation of Inoculation Methods to Determine Resistance Reactions of Wheat to Fusarium graminearum." Plant Disease 87, no. 12 (2003): 1530–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1530.

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Reliable greenhouse assays are needed to differentiate types of resistance in wheat to Fusarium graminearum. Genotypes with known field reactions were evaluated for resistance type using four greenhouse inoculation techniques. Percentage of spikelets with symptoms per spike (severity) and percentage of inoculated spikelets per spike developing symptoms were assessed 7, 10, and 14 days after inoculation (DAI). Genotypes were evaluated using disease assessments 14 DAI and area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC). Significant genotype-inoculation technique interactions for disease assessment

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29

Pawlik, Małgorzata, Tomasz Płociniczak, Sofie Thijs, Isabel Pintelon, Jaco Vangronsveld, and Zofia Piotrowska-Seget. "Comparison of Two Inoculation Methods of Endophytic Bacteria to Enhance Phytodegradation Efficacy of an Aged Petroleum Hydrocarbons Polluted Soil." Agronomy 10, no. 8 (2020): 1196. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10081196.

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Endophyte-enhanced phytodegradation is a promising technology to clean up polluted soils. To improve the success rate of this nature-based remediation approach, it is important to advance the inoculation method as this has been shown to strongly affect the final outcome. However, studies evaluating inoculation strategies and their effect on hydrocarbon degradation are limited. This study aims to investigate two different manners of endophyte inoculation in Lolium perenne growing in an aged petroleum hydrocarbon polluted soil: (1) direct soil inoculation (SI), and (2) pre-inoculation of the car

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30

GARCIA, WANDREILLA MOREIRA, WILLIAN KRAUSE, DEJÂNIA VIEIRA DE ARAÚJO, ISANE VERA KARSBURG, and RIVANILDO DALLACORT. "METHODS FOR INOCULATION WITH Fusarium guttiforme AND GENETIC RESISTANCE OF PINEAPPLE (Ananas comosus var. comosus)." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 2 (2017): 353–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n210rc.

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ABSTRACT The objective of this work was to evaluate Fusarium guttiforme inoculation methods and genetic resistance of pineapple accessions. Thus, three experiments were conducted: pathogen inoculation of different leaf types (B, D and F) of pineapple (1), pathogen inoculation of pineapple cuttings and detached D leaves (2), and identification of resistance to fusariosis in 19 pineapple accessions (3) sampled in the State of Mato Grosso, Brazil. The cultivars Pérola (susceptible to fusariosis) and BRS-Vitória (resistant to fusariosis) were used as controls. The fusariosis severity was evaluated

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31

Aqeel, A. M., J. S. Pasche, and N. C. Gudmestad. "Variability in Morphology and Aggressiveness Among North American Vegetative Compatibility Groups of Colletotrichum coccodes." Phytopathology® 98, no. 8 (2008): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-98-8-0901.

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North American isolates of Colletotrichum coccodes, representing six vegetative compatibility groups (NA-VCG), were used to study morphological and pathogenic variability. The objective was to determine if variability in conidial and microsclerotial size was related to pathogenicity. Significant differences were detected in length, width, and length/width ratios of conidia as well as in the length and width of microsclerotia among the NA-VCGs. The longest and widest conidia were produced by isolates belonging to NA-VCG1 and the largest microsclerotia were produced by isolates of NA-VCG2. Conid

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32

Kull, Linda S., Tri D. Vuong, Kris S. Powers, Kent M. Eskridge, James R. Steadman, and Glen L. Hartman. "Evaluation of Resistance Screening Methods for Sclerotinia Stem Rot of Soybean and Dry Bean." Plant Disease 87, no. 12 (2003): 1471–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2003.87.12.1471.

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Three methods to identify levels of resistance to Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in soybean (Glycine max) and dry bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) were compared using multiple data analyses. The three methods were mycelial plug inoculations of cotyledons, cut stems, and detached leaves. Six S. sclerotiorum isolates of known relative aggressiveness were inoculated on each of three soybean and dry bean cultivars with varied response to S. sclerotiorum. For soybean, all three inoculation methods accurately identified isolate aggressiveness irrespective of cultivar, but identification of susceptible and partia

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33

Milić, V., N. Mrkovački, M. Popović, and Đ. Malenčić. "Nodule efficiency of three soybean genotypes inoculated by different methods." Plant, Soil and Environment 48, No. 8 (2011): 356–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/4380-pse.

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The objective of the study was to investigate how the inoculation of soybean seed (variety Afrodita, and lines NS-L-2016 and NS-L-300168) with strains of Bradyrhizobium japonicum (1, 1a, 2b), Azotobacter chroococcum (3, 13, 14), and GA3&nbsp;(gibberellic acid) affected plant dry weight, nitrogen content of nodules and whole plant, the enzymes of nitrogen assimilation (NR, GS) and soluble protein content. The highest dry matter mass and nitrogen content were found in the variety Afrodita, followed by line NS-L-300168. The GS and NR activity was increased significantly by all three inoculati

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Kirkpatrick, J. F., J. W. Turner Jr, I. K. M. Liu, R. Fayrer-Hosken, and A. T. Rutberg. "Case studies in wildlife immunocontraception: wild and feral equids and white-tailed deer." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 9, no. 1 (1997): 105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/r96052.

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Non-lethal management methods are required for wild equids that are protected by law and for deer inhabiting areas where lethal controls are not legal or safe. Single or multiple inoculations of porcine zona pellucida (PZP) vaccine have been delivered to wild horses and deer by means of darts. Contraceptive efficacy in horses after two inoculations ranged from 90% to 100%, and after a single inoculation ranged from 19% to 28%. Mares given a controlled-release form of the vaccine had foaling rates ranging from 7% to 20%. No detectable changes in social organization or behaviours among treated h

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35

Alvarez, Rita de C. F., Jamile Benetão, Gustavo R. Barzotto, Maria G. de O. Andrade, and Sebastião F. de Lima. "Application methods of Azospirillum brasilense in first- and second-crop corn." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 23, no. 11 (2019): 840–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v23n11p840-846.

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ABSTRACT This study investigated whether inoculation of Azospirillum brasilense in the seeds or sowing furrow could reduce the need for nitrogen fertilizer application in the corn grown in the first and second crop harvest. The experiments were conducted, in the municipality of Chapadão do Sul, MS, Brazil, in the first crop harvest (2014/2015) and in the second crop harvest (2016). The early maturity hybrids CD 384 HX and P3132H were used in the first and in the second harvest corn, respectively. In both experiments, the experimental design was the randomized blocks with eight treatments and t

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36

Sørensen, Chris K., Tine Thach, and Mogens S. Hovmøller. "Evaluation of Spray and Point Inoculation Methods for the Phenotyping of Puccinia striiformis on Wheat." Plant Disease 100, no. 6 (2016): 1064–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-12-15-1477-re.

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The fungus Puccinia striiformis causes yellow (stripe) rust on wheat worldwide. In the present article, new methods utilizing an engineered fluid (Novec 7100) as a carrier of urediniospores were compared with commonly used inoculation methods. In general, Novec 7100 facilitated a faster and more flexible application procedure for spray inoculation and it gave highly reproducible results for virulence phenotyping. Six point inoculation methods were compared to find the most suitable for assessment of pathogen aggressiveness. The use of Novec 7100 and dry dilution with Lycopodium spores gave an

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37

BERRANG, M. E., N. A. COX, J. S. BAILEY, and L. C. BLANKENSHIP. "Methods for Inoculation and Recovery of Salmonella from Chicken Eggs." Poultry Science 70, no. 11 (1991): 2267–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3382/ps.0702267.

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38

Bennett, R. S., M. E. Payton, and K. D. Chamberlin. "Three Inoculation Methods for Evaluating Sclerotinia Blight Resistance in Peanut." Peanut Science 43, no. 1 (2016): 52–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.3146/0095-3679-43.1.52.

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ABSTRACT Laboratory-based assays for screening germplasm for resistance to Sclerotinia blight in peanuts can be conducted year-round, and thus may accelerate progress in breeding for resistant plants. Three previously proposed inoculation methods (using main stems of intact plants, detached main stems, or detached leaflets) were compared on six peanut genotypes known to represent range of resistance to Sclerotinia blight in the field or laboratory. The intact plant and detached main stem assays identified the most resistant and susceptible genotypes, but different results were obtained from ei

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Kumari, Pavitra, Rajender Singh, and Rakesh Punia. "Evaluation of Different Inoculation Methods for Mango Anthracnose Disease Development." International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences 6, no. 11 (2017): 3028–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.20546/ijcmas.2017.611.355.

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Raza, Muhammad Mohsin, Muhammad Aslam Khan, Muhammad Atiq, Rana Binyamin, and Makky Javaid. "Prediction of citrus canker epidemics generated through different inoculation methods." Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection 47, no. 11 (2013): 1335–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03235408.2013.840107.

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Lithourgidis, A. S., K. Tzavella-Klonari, and D. G. Roupakias. "Methods of Inoculation of Faba Bean Plants with Sclerotinia sclerotiorum." Journal of Phytopathology 127, no. 2 (1989): 123–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1439-0434.1989.tb01120.x.

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Latin, R. X. "Comparison of Methods for Inoculation of Muskmelon withFusarium oxysporumf. sp.melonis." Plant Disease 70, no. 4 (1986): 297. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pd-70-297.

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Yao, Bo, Chun Ming Hu, Qing Quan Liu, and Bei Dou Xi. "Influences of Different Inoculation Methods on Fluorescence Characteristics of DOM in Solid Waste Composting." Applied Mechanics and Materials 448-453 (October 2013): 780–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.448-453.780.

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In order to determine better inoculation methods of compound microorganisms in solid waste composting, biochemical parameters and dissolved organic matter (DOM) during the process of composting with five different inoculation methods were tested and analyzed. The results show that temperature, pH value, and synchronous fluorescence spectra of DOM in the composting piles of the five deals exhibits a certain trend with composting time increasing, in which macromolecules with complex structures and humic substances gradually increase. Overall, the temperature increases first and then decreases, a

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Williams, W. Paul, Michael N. Alpe, Gary L. Windham, Seval Ozkan, and J. Erik Mylroie. "Comparison of Two Inoculation Methods for Evaluating Maize for Resistance toAspergillus flavusInfection and Aflatoxin Accumulation." International Journal of Agronomy 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/972316.

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Aflatoxin, the most potent carcinogen found in nature, is produced by the fungusAspergillus flavusand occurs naturally in maize,Zea maysL. Growing maize hybrids with genetic resistance to aflatoxin contamination are generally considered a highly desirable way to reduce losses to aflatoxin. Developing resistant hybrids requires reliable inoculation methods for screening maize germplasm for resistance toA. flavusinfection and aflatoxin accumulation. The side-needle technique is a widely used inoculation technique: anA. flavusconidial suspension is injected underneath the husks into the side of t

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Cabrini, Paloma G., Fernando C. Sala, and Márcia M. Rosa Magri. "Torulaspora globosa: rhizosphere yeast promoting lettuce growth on seedlings and under field conditions." Horticultura Brasileira 37, no. 3 (2019): 266–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620190303.

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ABSTRACT Among soil microorganisms, one group stands out as beneficial to agricultural activities: a plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPM). These microorganisms support plants through phytohormone production, nutrient provision and plant health maintenance. Among these PGPM, yeasts have a high potential, which is still not very well known.This study aimed to evaluate the effect of inoculation with the rhizosphere yeast Torulaspora globosa (strain 5S55) on development of lettuce (cv. Crocantela). The first research consisted of inoculating seeds with yeast (100 cells/seed), and inoculatin

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Batra, Priyanka, Monika Barkodia, Umang Ahlawat, Rekha Sansanwal, and Leela Wati. "Effect of Compatible and Incompatible Endophytic Bacteria on Growth of Chickpea Plant." Defence Life Science Journal 5, no. 1 (2020): 45–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dlsj.5.15119.

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Chickpea is one of the important pulse crops among legumes due to its high protein content. During the last few decades chickpea production has declined because of various biotic and abiotic factors. To increase its production farmers are relying on the traditional methods (using chemical fertilizers) that pollute the environment. An alternative to chemical fertilizers is the eco-friendly process of endophytic inoculation. Compatible endophytic coinoculations improve plant growth as compared to single inoculation due to the synergistic performance of the constituent bacteria. In the current st

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Knight, Michael T., Melissa C. Newman, M. Joseph Benzinger, et al. "Comparison of the Petrifilm Dry Rehydratable Film and Conventional Culture Methods for Enumeration of Yeasts and Molds in Foods: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 80, no. 4 (1997): 806–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/80.4.806.

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Abstract A collaborative study was performed involving 18 laboratories and 6 food types to compare 3M Petrifilm yeast and mold count plates with the method described in the U.S. Food and Drug Administration’s Bacteriological Analytical Manual. Four species of mold and 2 species of yeast were used to inoculate the following foods: hot dogs, corn meal, ketchup, orange juice, yogurt, and cake mix. Each collaborator received 15 samples of each food type: 5 low-level inoculations, 5 high- level inoculations, and 5 uninoculated samples. There was no significant difference between the means of the 2

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Kropp, Bradley R., Dane R. Hansen, and Sherman V. Thomson. "Establishment and Dispersal of Puccinia thlaspeos in Field Populations of Dyer's Woad." Plant Disease 86, no. 3 (2002): 241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis.2002.86.3.241.

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Dyer's woad rust is being intensively studied as a biocontrol agent for the noxious weed dyer's woad. These studies report on methods to establish this fungus in woad populations and to obtain information about disease incidence and dispersal of the rust subsequent to establishment. Inoculum dosages as low as 1 mg/plant established disease in dyer's woad rosettes. Dosages higher than 1 mg/plant resulted in better levels of infection, and inoculation was equally effective when the inoculum was placed directly on the plants or on the soil adjacent to the plants. The highest incidence of infectio

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Santamaría, O., D. R. Smith, and G. R. Stanosz. "Interaction Between Diplodia pinea and D. scrobiculata in Red and Jack Pine Seedlings." Phytopathology® 101, no. 3 (2011): 334–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto-07-10-0180.

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Sphaeropsis sapinea sensu lato is a conifer fungal pathogen that causes shoot blight and stem cankers. Recently, the former S. sapinea has been divided into two species, Diplodia pinea and D. scrobiculata. The aims of the study were to determine the contribution of each species in disease development on red and jack pines by means of co-inoculations and molecular identifications, and to evaluate how the presence of each species affects the development and aggressiveness of the other. Symptom severity (distance below the inoculation site at which necrotic needles were observed) and identificati

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KOSEKI, SHIGENOBU, KYOICHIRO YOSHIDA, YOSHINORI KAMITANI, and KAZUHIKO ITOH. "Influence of Inoculation Method, Spot Inoculation Site, and Inoculation Size on the Efficacy of Acidic Electrolyzed Water against Pathogens on Lettuce." Journal of Food Protection 66, no. 11 (2003): 2010–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4315/0362-028x-66.11.2010.

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The influence of bacterial inoculation methods on the efficacy of sanitizers against pathogens was examined. Dip and spot inoculation methods were employed in this study to evaluate the effectiveness of acidic electrolyzed water (AcEW) and chlorinated water (200 ppm free available chlorine) against Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella spp. Ten pieces of lettuce leaf (5 by 5 cm) were inoculated by each method then immersed in 1.5 liters of AcEW, chlorinated water, or sterile distilled water for 1 min with agitation (150 rpm) at room temperature. The outer (abaxial) and inner (adaxial) surfac

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