Relevant bibliographies by topics / Methods of investment appraisal

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Methods of investment appraisal'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 1 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Methods of investment appraisal"

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Adams, A. T., P. M. Booth, and B. D. MacGregor. "Property Investment Appraisal." British Actuarial Journal 5, no. 5 (December 1, 1999): 955–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1357321700000763.

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ABSTRACTThis paper considers the application of discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques to the analysis of the property investment market. The traditional method of property valuation is briefly outlined and its shortcomings highlighted. An alternative DCF procedure is derived to calculate the present value of a property investment. This method will be familiar to actuaries, but is not always used in property disciplines. The sensitivities of this formulation to changes in the force of real interest, force of real rental growth and force of inflation are derived. It is suggested how these formulae may be used for property investment appraisal and risk analysis. We conclude that DCF offers a more flexible and accurate means of estimating the value of a property, and that property valuers, financial economists and actuaries should work jointly to develop practical DCF methods. However, so long as traditional methods of valuation prevail, a rational investor must use both methods to identify mispriced property assets. There have been few property contributions to the actuarial literature in the United Kingdom; this paper is intended to build on the few previous papers and suggests directions for future work.
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Serguieva, Antoaneta, and John Hunter. "Fuzzy interval methods in investment risk appraisal." Fuzzy Sets and Systems 142, no. 3 (March 2004): 443–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0165-0114(03)00166-0.

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Austin, Sarah. "BARRIERS TO INVESTMENT: THE APPRAISAL AND FINANCING OF NEW MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGIES IN SMEs." Journal of Small Business and Enterprise Development 1, no. 1 (January 1, 1994): 38–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/eb020931.

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The exploitation of new manufacturing technologies by large organisations is placing increasing pressures on the ability of SMEs to compete, since they enable large firms to compete through advantages traditionally associated with SMEs (e.g. flexibility, small production runs and specialised products). If SMEs are to maintain and improve their competitive position, a more proactive stance is required in relation to new technology investment. The identification and removal of barriers to adoption could greatly aid small firm investment in new technology. The internal investment appraisal process has been identified as one of the major barriers to the adoption of new manufacturing technologies in large firms (Price et al., 1990; Finnie, 1988). Little, however, is known about how SMEs conduct investment appraisals. Further, where SMEs seek external funds, they face additional appraisal by the funding institution. Research (Joyce et a/., 1990; Watkins and Morton, 1992) has indicated that SMEs view financing difficulties as a major barrier to investment. Given the nature of new manufacturing technologies, it is anticipated that such investments may create specific financing problems, particularly in relation to the appraisal by the financial institution. The focus of this paper, therefore, is on these two potential barriers to investment. Firstly, the paper investigates the extent to which the appraisal problems faced by large organisations are common to SMEs and establishes the extent to which the appraisal methods advocated in the literature are relevant to SMEs. Secondly, it examines external constraints on the financing of new technology investments from the firm perspective. In examining these barriers, the paper identifies the characteristics of the investment and financing decision‐making processes in SMEs. The main findings of the research project, involving case studies of 15 SMEs in the South East, are that SMEs do face problems in appraising and justifying new technology investments. However, these difficulties appear to cause fewer problems for SMEs in terms of the outcomes of the appraisal process than might be expected. Surprisingly, the financing of new technologies was not found to constitute a significant barrier to investment and few of the firms had experienced any real difficulties in raising finance for this purpose. The reasons for these apparent conditions are explored in depth and factors affecting the results are identified.
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Mei, Bin. "Investment returns of US commercial timberland: insights into index construction methods and results." Canadian Journal of Forest Research 47, no. 2 (February 2017): 226–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjfr-2016-0186.

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This study compares different index construction methods of timberland investment returns and evaluates the resulting indices by various asset pricing models. In addition to various NCRIEF indices, I include a de-smoothed index that attempts to restore property market values, a transaction-based index that tracks ex post transaction prices, and a pure-play index that is based on unleveraged returns of public timber firms and only has exposures to the timber segment. The findings are that the appraisal-based timberland index has higher mean and lower volatility compared with the transaction-based timberland index, separate accounts outperform comingled funds in the private timberland market, the pure-play timberland index exhibits higher return and lower risk than the corresponding portfolio of public timber firms, and abnormal performance of timberland asset becomes less significant after controlling for the appraisal smoothing or by using real transaction data. These results can help timberland investors better benchmark their financial performance.
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Lovell-Greene, N. J., J. F. Affleck-Graves, and A. H. Money. "A survey of investment appraisal methods used by financial analysts in South Africa." Investment Analysts Journal 15, no. 28 (November 1986): 7–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10293523.1986.11082249.

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Magnusková, Jana, Zdeněk Pavelek, and Lucie Krčmarská. "Possibilities of Application of Static Investment Appraisal Methods for Optimizing Purchase under Conditions of Mine Rescue Service." GeoScience Engineering 60, no. 1 (March 1, 2014): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/gse-2014-0004.

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Abstract The present article focuses on the importance of making investment decisions and its long-term effect on the economy of companies. It presents a specific investment in the recovery of rescue equipment used for interventions in the irrespirable or deleterious environment on an example of the company HBZS, a.s. The objective is to evaluate the effectiveness of the investment project using static methods in relation to setting an optimal price level for leasing the equipment. The optimization of such setting is examined in terms of the economic lifetime of relevant tangible fixed assets
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Hadelan, Lari. "Investment analysis of plum brandy production – methodology approach." Applied Studies in Agribusiness and Commerce 2, no. 1-2 (October 31, 2008): 103–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.19041/apstract/2008/1-2/15.

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The major prerequisite of successful entrepreneurship venture is quality of decision-making process. Decision in investment is the most important financial decision. It is a part of both long-term business planning process and strategic business definition. Using available investment appraisal methods, entrepreneur should make positive or negative investment decision. Within the development of the economic theory and the practice many of methods made decision-making process rational and gave the scientific and practical base for successful project evaluation.
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Tomek, Radan. "Improving the Effectiveness of Public Spending on Transport Infrastructure." Periodica Polytechnica Architecture 48, no. 1 (May 17, 2017): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.3311/ppar.11037.

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The highways network is the backbone of every national transport system and plays a strategic role in a country’s economic development. With regards to the large investments, operational and maintenance costs that it requires, sound asset management and a thorough economic appraisal of investments are of high importance. Therefore, it is appropriate to analyse and possibly modify existing methods for evaluating the economic efficiency of road construction and asset management at the scientific level, with the support of the real practice experience. Our research concentrates on an evaluation of the current approach to the asset management of the transport infrastructure, methods of economic appraisal, their consecutive improvement, incorporation of the LCCA agenda and an evaluation of environmental and social aspects in the investment decision process. Consequently, it focuses on the possibilities for improving the effectivity of these aspects through the proposal of very concrete measures based on the results of our research and the experience of real practice management construction.
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Keca, Ljiljana, and Nenad Keca. "Investment appraisal of a poplar plantation aged 42 years." Bulletin of the Faculty of Forestry, no. 107 (2013): 127–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/gsf120706002k.

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Commercial profitability of poplar cultivation was analyzed in an artificial poplar plantation in Serbia. The aim of this study was to validate the invested financial means in the artificial poplar plantation, on the basis of the analysis of costs and receipts during a 42-year rotation, on alluvial semigley, at a discount rate of 12%. Methods of dynamic investment calculation (net present value - NPV, internal rate of return - IRR, benefit-cost method - B/C and payback period - PBP) were used. The investigated plantations were established from Populus x euramericana cl. I-214, with a planting spacing of 6 x 3 m. At the calculation discount rate of 12%, the project for the production cycle of 42 years was not cost-effective from the economic aspect. The discount rate of 6% can be accepted in the studied plot because of the better site (alluvial semigley), but the oldness of the stand is unfavourable. For the studied sample plot, IRR was 5.51 %. B/C at r=12% in the study compartment was 0.24. The analysis shows that PBP is practically unacceptable for the investor at the discount rate of 6%. In practice, it is necessary to improve the position of producers in getting financial means for investment in poplar cultivation, so as to stimulate the establishment of artificial poplar plantations, especially in the private sector (on private land).
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Golubev, Andrej, and Galina Golubeva. "ACCOUNTING OF RESERVES IN MODELS OF FINANCIAL AND ECONOMIC EVALUATION OF INVESTMENT PROJECTS." Baltic Economic Journal 1, no. 29 (March 18, 2020): 4–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.46845/2073-3364-2020-1-29-4-11.

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The article deals with account of material stock influence in a process of investment projects computer modelling in appraisal purpose. At the beginning of the article, the role of material stock in investment projects evaluation is stressed. The main part is focused on methods of including incoming stock and finished goods stock values to the investment projects financial models. Further development of the issue shows approaches of accounting methods (such as LIFO, FIFO, average and individual) applications while calculating value of material goods in stock. Authors give recommendation regarding average method preference due to other methods complexity.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Methods of investment appraisal"

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Schäfer, Carsten. "Asset Dividing Appraisal Model (ADAM) - Direct Real Estate Investment Evaluation." Doctoral thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-191784.

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The Asset Dividing Appraisal Model (ADAM) enables the appraisal of cash flows resulting from direct real estate investments. The model is an evaluation tool, which takes capital markets and the specific characteristics of real estate as an asset (heterogeneity, site-dependency, eternal land-yield, etc.) into consideration, while also considering different ownership approaches of real estate in the European Union. Thus, it contributes to the harmonization of capital markets and of direct real estate investment evaluation as intended by the "European Directive on Markets in Financial Instruments 2004/39/EC". ADAM is based on financial mathematical instruments and on the property valuation methods of different cultural areas. It combines continental European (Germ an Gross Rental-Method) and international (Discounted Cash Flow-Method) property valuation approaches. Although it is scientifically reasonable to take property valuation approaches into account, the aim of the model is not to valuate a property or to quantify an objective market value but to evaluate cash-flows resulting from direct real estate investments. A mathematical analysis based on empirical market data confirmed the validity of the methodology of the model. In the course of the analysis the major input variables that determine the results of the model and how the model reacts to marginal deviations of input data, were quantified. This was done using partial derivations and a simulation study. In Czech Republic a building isn't actually considered as a part of the underlying plot. Consequently, differing persons or institutions can be owner of the building, as of the appropriate plot. From 2014 on, a suitable reformation of the Czech Civil Code is supposed to cause a consolidation of real estate property. Czech law is going to be adjusted to German law, which considers plot and building as an economic entity. This consolidation of real estate could be an approach of the introduced model.
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Pretorius, Anri. "Investigating the financial implications of alternative water heating systems / Anri Pretorius." Thesis, North-West University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/8450.

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Background: Electricity tariffs charged by Eskom have sharply increased over the past three years, with a 25% annual increase approved by Nersa until April 2012. There is no indication on what to expect in the future with regard to electricity tariffs. Many South Africans are searching for ways to save on their monthly electricity bills by seeking out alternative water heating systems. Solar geysers became a popular investment option, but this might not be the best options available on the market. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine the most financially viable investment option in order to reduce electricity cost when it comes to water heating systems for use in households. This is done by comparing the capital expenditure and operational cost needed with the financial benefits generated by the investment, taking into consideration the size of the household. Design and method: A literature study was done on the different alternative water heating systems in order to obtain a better understanding of how these systems operate and what savings they can generate. Different investment appraisals were identified and a literature review was performed in order to identify the most appropriate investment appraisals for the purpose of this study. It was found that the net present value, equivalent annual annuity, internal rate of return, modified internal rate of return, accounting rate of return, discounted payback period and the economic value added were the best investment appraisal methods to use for the purpose of this study. Findings and conclusion: It was found that the five investment options identified in the literature review would all, to some extent, be financially viable to implement within households with high as well as low volume hot water consumption. All the investment appraisals gave positive outcomes. The conclusion was made that a saving will be generated on the monthly electricity bill no matter what alternative water heating system were to be installed in the place of a conventional geyser. Recommendations: It is recommended that a household with low volume hot water consumption should install a time switch as this investment option renders the highest IRR, MIRR, ARR and discounted payback period. The second best investment option for a household with low volume hot water consumption is a heat pump and the third best option is a gas geyser. For a household with high volume hot water consumption, the best investment options is again a time switch, as this renders the best IRR, MIRR, ARR and discounted payback period. The second best investment option is a heat pump, with a gas geyser as the third best investment option. Value of the research: This study focuses on five alternative water heating systems for a household within South Africa in times where electricity charges sharply increase. The financial viability of each of the alternatives is determined through various investment appraisals and the best option can be identified by comparing the outcomes of the alternatives. Furthermore, each individual is able to determine the viability of the alternatives by using the Excel model attached to this study and by inputting his/her own variables, where applicable. Research limitation: Limited literature was available on the different alternative water heating systems. No indication could be found of the maintenance cost of the different water heating systems. Assumptions had to be made with regard to households, although no two households are the same. Areas for further research: The same study could be performed, but with the focus on small businesses and large organisations. Furthermore, a study could be performed to determine the appropriate discount rate for individuals as well as the maintenance cost for water heating systems.
Thesis (MCom (Management Accountancy))--North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 2012
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Široká, Pavlína. "Hodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti investičního záměru." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225335.

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The intention of this diploma work is based on an assessment of the present state of the company Industrial Engineering Ltd. to economically evaluate the effectiveness of planned investment. The last state of the company is evaluated by using financial analysis. For evaluating of the effectiveness are used static and dynamic methods. The conclusion of the diploma work evaluates investments and recommendations based on these facts and after assessing the risks of investments.
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Park, Sang-Jeong. "Investigation of factors influencing the determination of discount rate in the economic evaluation of mineral development projects." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2009. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-11292009-082936/.

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Veselý, Jakub. "Zhodnocení ekonomické efektivnosti investičního záměru podniku." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-223416.

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The main goal of my master thesis is evaluation an investment project of company on the base of dynamic methods of investment evaluation. Methods of evaluation are net present value, payoff period, gross investment, profitability index and internal rate of return.
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Guedes, Maria do Carmo Vaz de Miranda. "Mathematical models in capital investment appraisal." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1988. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/107492/.

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Galagedera, Don U. A. "Investment performance appraisal and asset pricing models." Monash University, Dept. of Econometrics and Business Statistics, 2003. http://arrow.monash.edu.au/hdl/1959.1/5780.

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Wang, Yungchih George. "Topics in investment appraisal and real options." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412292.

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Bakri, Bakri Ahmed. "Capital investment appraisal : the case of Lebanon." Thesis, University of Dundee, 2019. https://discovery.dundee.ac.uk/en/studentTheses/5a2ff0a3-8cbc-46b7-96cd-423ccc2969b6.

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The goal of this thesis is to investigate the capital budgeting practices of Lebanese companies. In particular, this thesis examines four main research questions: (1) How are capital investment projects appraised in Lebanon?; (2) Is risk incorporated into this process by Lebanese firms?; (3) Do Lebanese companies experience capital rationing and, if so, is it imposed internally or externally?; (4) How important is the impact of political risk on the capital budgeting process? The thesis employs an interpretive approach to investigate these issues, and the results are obtained using the qualitative methods of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. In particular, a total of 151 questionnaires were completed by firms from across three industrial sectors - 51 firms participated in the first questionnaire and 100 firms took part in the second questionnaire; 12 semi-structured interviews were also conducted with two groups of individuals who were thought to be knowledgeable about the capital budgeting process: 'insiders', who work in Lebanese firms, and 'outsiders', such as bankers and chartered accountants, who are involved in an advisory capacity with the capital budgeting processes of Lebanese firms. The results of this research indicate that Lebanese firms place more emphasis on non-financial factors, such as political priorities and personal experience, than financial factors when analysing potential projects. The study also finds that Lebanese companies tend to employ more than one method of investment appraisal to evaluate projects and that, increasingly, these firms are using more sophisticated discounted cash flow (DCF) techniques. However, the payback method is the most popular method of investment appraisal. In addition, although the use of DCF methods is increasing, they are not used as frequently relative to companies in developed countries. The study also finds that appraisal processes are impacted by the source of funding used, as well as the size and nature of the project being undertaken. In terms of risk evaluation, the most widely using methods include scenario analysis and sensitivity analysis; very few companies use Monte Carlo simulation. Most of the companies surveyed use the weighted average cost of capital as the discount rate in capital budgeting, although a sizeable number use the interest rate. Another key finding to emerge from the study relates to capital rationing. Specifically, a majority of the companies surveyed indicated that they had experienced capital rationing and that this rationing tended to be imposed externally, typically as a result of external constraints in the equity and debt markets. A sizeable number of the companies surveyed indicated that the stock market was currently not a feasible source of firm or project funding due to its small size. A key finding that emerged from the study is that political risk plays a very important role in the capital budgeting processes of Lebanese companies. Most of the participants in the study highlighted the high level of political risk in Lebanon, and indicated that it plays a major role in determining which method should be used to evaluate a project.
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Murray, Barrie E. "Investment appraisal in a deregulated electricity market." Thesis, Aston University, 1996. http://publications.aston.ac.uk/15359/.

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This thesis analyses the impact of deregulation on the theory and practice of investment decision making in the electricity sector and appraises the likely effects on its long term future inefficiency. Part I describes the market and its shortcomings in promoting an optimal generation margin and plant mix and in reducing prices through competition. A full size operational model is developed to simulate hour by hour operation of the market and analyse its features. A relationship is established between the SMP and plant mix and between the LOLP and plant margin and it is shown bow a theoretical optimum can be derived when the combined LOLP payments and the capital costs of additional generation reach a minimum. A comparison of prices against an idealised bulk supply tariff is used to show how energy prices have risen some 12% in excess of what might have occurred under the CEGB regime. This part concludes with proposals to improve the marl
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Books on the topic "Methods of investment appraisal"

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Götze, Uwe. Investment appraisal: Methods and models. Berlin: Springer, 2008.

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Gajjar, Y. P. Are companies using the appropriate methods of investment appraisal. Oxford: Oxford Brookes University, 1996.

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Lumby, Stephen. Investment appraisal. Wokingham: Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1985.

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1938-, Mott Graham, ed. Investment appraisal. 2nd ed. London: Pitman, 1993.

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Chartered Institute of Management Accountants., ed. Investment appraisal. London: Kogan Page, 1994.

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1938-, Mott Graham, ed. Investment appraisal. London: Pitman, 1989.

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Langdon, Ken. Investment appraisal. Oxford: Capstone, 2002.

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Worby, John G. Investment appraisal. London: Gee, in association with the Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales [and the] British Institute of Management, 1985.

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Institute of Chartered Accountants in England and Wales. Business Support Group. Investment appraisal. London: ICAEW, 1986.

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Götze, Uwe, Deryl Northcott, and Peter Schuster. Investment Appraisal. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45851-8.

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Book chapters on the topic "Methods of investment appraisal"

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Oakshott, Les. "Investment Appraisal." In Quantitative Methods, 165–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-34086-3_10.

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Konstantin, Panos, and Margarete Konstantin. "Investment Appraisal Methods." In Power and Energy Systems Engineering Economics, 39–64. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-72383-9_4.

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Oakshott, Les. "Investment appraisal." In Essential Quantitative Methods for Business, Management and Finance, 23–37. London: Macmillan Education UK, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-349-14759-5_3.

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Oakshott, Les. "Choosing wisely: investment appraisal." In Essential Quantitative Methods, 313–34. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-01432-0_12.

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Oakshott, Les. "Choosing Wisely Investment Appraisal." In Essential Quantitative Methods, 31–53. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-0-230-36581-0_3.

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Oakshott, Les. "Choosing wisely: investment appraisal." In Essential Quantitative Methods, 300–320. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-51856-9_12.

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Collis, Jill, Andrew Holt, and Roger Hussey. "Discounting methods of investment appraisal." In Business Accounting, 391–404. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-00662-2_19.

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Götze, Uwe, Deryl Northcott, and Peter Schuster. "Selected Further Applications of Investment Appraisal Methods." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics, 105–59. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-45851-8_5.

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Pettinger, Richard. "Investment appraisal." In Introduction to Management, 184–204. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-21899-5_9.

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Pettinger, Richard. "Investment appraisal." In Contemporary Strategic Management, 155–77. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-16710-1_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Methods of investment appraisal"

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"USING REAL ESTATE INVESTMENT APPRAISAL METHODS TO EVALUATE REGIONAL POLICY EFFECTS." In 15th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference: ERES Conference 2008. ERES, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2008_277.

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Nnamani, Obinna. "The Application of Probabilistic Methods of Risk Analysis in the Investment Appraisal of Residential Properties in Enugu Metropolis, Nigeria." In 25th Annual European Real Estate Society Conference. European Real Estate Society, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres2016_185.

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Ransome, Cherise M., and Randell T. Jackman. "Applying Front End Loading FEL Approach to Rationalizing Heritage Petroleum Company Limited Forward Development Strategy." In SPE Trinidad and Tobago Section Energy Resources Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200891-ms.

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Abstract This paper presents the methodology used by the Offshore Business Unit of Heritage Petroleum Company Limited (HPCL), to reorganize its future development portfolio. This methodology enabled us to re-organize and rank future projects in order of 1) Developability, 2) Subsurface, Drilling, Flow Assurance and HSSE risks, 3) Financial indicators such as CAPEX and $/BOE, as an approach to maximizing return on investment whilst maintaining the stated goals of the company of monetizing our oil reserves and resources. Following the incorporation of HPCL, the organization attempted to embark on a production stabilization and growth strategy but faced challenges regarding financial and human resource allocation as well as understanding project development best suited for the mature 70 year kit it currently operates. There was a sizable Forward Drilling Campaign (FDP) that remained to be executed from the Legacy company, but there was a need to determine how best to proceed with it. The question was how can we optimize this FDP to attain Heritage’s goals in the short and near term. The answer resided in holding a Pre-Appraisal workshop. A Pre-Appraise Level-1 workshop was held analyzing risk and uncertainty for all future drilling projects. Key to understanding and quantifying inherent risks and opportunities was the presence of a full multidisciplinary team, which included subsurface, facilities, drilling, finance, planning and HSSE personnel. This approach yielded a list of future opportunities that best fit HPCL’s debt-to-capital ratio or debt service coverage position. It also helped to identify projects better suited for joint venture or external capital expenditure options. This workshop resulted in upper management having clear line-of sight regarding the project portfolio, and resource assignment. Once the projects were ranked and grouped, the process of calculating the associated investment to capitalize production across the entire lifecycle was undertaken. A matrix showing Dollar/BOE vs. Project Risk was then built for the new growth strategy. This tool allowed HPCL to select those opportunities that required minimum investment coupled with low HSSE risks. The Pre-Appraise Level-1 workshop guided HPCL to initiate the Shallow Forest Main Field re-development and the East Field drilling development projects as developments to undertake with least risk. The Main Field Shallow Forest Development requires the lowest CAPEX (Drilling and Facilities) and is capital efficient. The proved to non-proven reserves ratio is small (0.05) indicating a high developable remaining resource which will be accessible through secondary or tertiary methods. This approach to understanding development portfolios is new within HPCL; although it has been tried and tested by many operators worldwide when reviewing their capital projects. The Shallow Forest Main Field development carries a low risk profile and is being managed using the Capital Value Process. This project is now in the appraise stage.
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Taneja, P., M. E. Aartsen, J. A. Annema, and H. Ligteringen. "Investment appraisal for sustainable ports." In 2010 Third International Conference on Infrastructure Systems and Services: Next Generation Infrastructure Systems for Eco-Cities (INFRA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/infra.2010.5679224.

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Walsh, A. "Investment appraisal in a networks business." In 18th International Conference and Exhibition on Electricity Distribution (CIRED 2005). IEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/cp:20051314.

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Thamilyanan, Thivyashini, Hasmizah Bakar, Irzee Zawawi, and Siti Aishah Mohd Hatta. "Low Well Cost: Effective Cost Optimisation for Marginal Green Field Development Using Fit-for-Purpose Well Design." In IADC/SPE Asia Pacific Drilling Technology Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/200988-ms.

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Abstract During the low oil price era, the ability to deliver a small business investment yet high monetary gains was the epitome of success. A marginal field with its recent success of appraisal drilling which tested 3000bopd will add monetary value if it is commercialized as early as possible. However, given its marginal Stock Tank Oil Initially in Place (STOIIP), the plan to develop this field become a real challenge to the team to find a fit-for-purpose investment to maximize the project value. Luxuries such as sand control, artificial lift and frequent well intervention need to be considered for the most cost-effective measures throughout the life of field ‘Xion’. During field development study, several development strategies were proposed to overcome the given challenges such as uncertainty of reservoir connectivity, no gas lift supply, limited footprint to cater surface equipment and potential sand production. Oriented perforation, Insitu Gas Lift (IGL), Pressure Downhole Gauge (PDG), Critical Drawdown Pressure (CDP) monitoring is among the approaches used to manage the field challenges will be discussed in this paper. Since there are only two wells required to develop this field, a minimum intervention well is the best option to improve the project economics. This paper will discuss the method chosen to optimize the well and completion strategy cost so that it can overcome the challenges mentioned above in the most cost-effective approach. Artificial lift will utilize the shallower gas reservoirs through IGL in comparison to conventional gas lift. Sand Production monitoring will utilize the PDG by monitoring the CDP. The perforation strategy will employ the oriented perforation to reduce the sand free drawdown limit compare to the full perforation strategy. The strategy to monitor production through PDG will also reduce the number of interventions to acquire pressure data in establishing reservoir connectivity for the second phase development through secondary recovery and reservoir pressure maintenance plan. This paper will also explain the innovative approaches adopted for this early monetization and fast track project which is only completed within 4 months. This paper will give merit to petroleum engineers and well completion engineers involved in the development of marginal fields.
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Shah, Sunny, Hannah Buckland, Philipp R. Thies, Claire Cohen, and Tom Bruce. "De-Risking Marine Energy Project Development Through Improved Financial Uncertainty Analysis." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61667.

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The financial performance of a marine energy project is based on assumptions with significant uncertainty. To fully appraise the risk, potential investors require an understanding of the likelihood of deviations from the assumed most likely case for a project’s financial performance. A Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) model with flexible user defined uncertainty definitions for all inputs is developed for this study. A realistic tidal energy project is used as a case study to compare the central, optimistic and pessimistic Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values derived using commonly used deterministic methods and the probabilistic MCA model. The improvement in decision support due to the probabilistic analysis is shown and the possibility for misinterpreting the deterministic results in highlighted. Two sensitivity analysis methods are employed to identify key risks and emphasise the need to use the most appropriate method for the type of analysis being conducted. Finally, the significance of some commonly ignored parameters is tested and shown to be important for accurately appraising the investment risk in a real project. Thus this paper provides guidance and tools to help investors make informed decisions with confidence.
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Kakimoto, Ryuji, and Prianka N. Seneviratne. "Simplified Investment Risk Appraisal in Port Infrastructure Project." In Second International Conference on Transportation and Traffic Studies (ICTTS ). Reston, VA: American Society of Civil Engineers, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/40503(277)71.

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"Post tax cross border investment appraisal using IRR/NPV." In European Real Estate: An Agenda for Research: ERES Conference 1993. ERES, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.15396/eres1993_101.

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Liu Xiaoke. "Analysis of the misunderstanding in investment project economic appraisal theory." In 2011 International Conference on Business Management and Electronic Information (BMEI). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/icbmei.2011.5916906.

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Reports on the topic "Methods of investment appraisal"

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Coskunoglu, Osman. Appraisal of the Army's Facilities: Managerial Implications, Value Measures, and Computational Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada199968.

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Thomas, Douglas S. Investment analysis methods: A practitioner's guide to understanding the basic principles for investment decisions in manufacturing. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, October 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ams.200-5.

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Smith, Jerry, Lisa K. Crone, and Susan J. Alexander. A U.S. Forest Service special forest products appraisal system: background, methods, and assessment. Portland, OR: U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Research Station, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2737/pnw-gtr-822.

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Patterson, Christina M., Margaret R. Porteus, and Karn J. Richter. Life Cycle Processes: Standards, Capability and Maturity Models, Process Improvement Models, and Appraisal Methods. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada408534.

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Karlan, Dean, Adam Osman, and Jonathan Zinman. Follow the Money: Methods for Identifying Consumption and Investment Responses to a Liquidity Shock. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, December 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w19696.

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Banerjee, Onil, Neville Crossman, Renato Vargas, Luke Brander, Peter Verburg, Martin Cicowiez, Jennifer Hauck, and Emily McKenzie. Methods for Modeling Public Policy and Investment Impacts on the Economy, Natural Capital and Ecosystem Services. Inter-American Development Bank, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0002830.

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Ruegg, Rosalie, and Irwin Feller. A toolkit for evaluating public R&D investment models, methods, and findings from ATP's first decade. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, July 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.gcr.03-857.

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Patton, Amy, Kylie Dunavan, Kyla Key, Steffani Takahashi, Kathryn Tenner, and Megan Wilson. Reducing Stress, Anxiety, and Depression for NICU Parents. University of Tennessee Health Science Center, May 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.21007/chp.mot2.2021.0012.

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This project aims to appraise evidence of the effectiveness of various practices on reducing stress, anxiety, and depression among parents of infants in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU). The project contains six research articles from both national and international journals. Study designs include one meta-analysis, one randomized controlled trial, one small scale randomized controlled trial, one prospective phase lag cohort study, on pretest-posttest study, and one mixed-methods pretest-posttest study. Recommendations for effective interventions were based on best evidence discovered through quality appraisal and study outcomes. All interventions, except for educational programs and Kangaroo Care, resulted in a statistically significant reduction of either stress, anxiety, and/ or depression. Family centered care and mindfulness-based intervention reduced all barriers of interest. There is strong and high-quality evidence for the effect of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy on depression, moderate evidence for the effect of activity-based group therapy on anxiety, and promising evidence for the effect of HUG Your Baby on stress.
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Hutchinson, M. L., J. E. L. Corry, and R. H. Madden. A review of the impact of food processing on antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in secondary processed meats and meat products. Food Standards Agency, October 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46756/sci.fsa.bxn990.

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For meat and meat products, secondary processes are those that relate to the downstream of the primary chilling of carcasses. Secondary processes include maturation chilling, deboning, portioning, mincing and other operations such as thermal processing (cooking) that create fresh meat, meat preparations and ready-to-eat meat products. This review systematically identified and summarised information relating to antimicrobial resistance (AMR) during the manufacture of secondary processed meatand meat products (SPMMP). Systematic searching of eight literature databases was undertaken and the resultantpapers were appraised for relevance to AMR and SPMMP. Consideration was made that the appraisal scores, undertaken by different reviewers, were consistent. Appraisal reduced the 11,000 initially identified documents to 74, which indicated that literature relating to AMR and SPMMP was not plentiful. A wide range of laboratory methods and breakpoint values (i.e. the concentration of antimicrobial used to assess sensitivity, tolerance or resistance) were used for the isolation of AMR bacteria.The identified papers provided evidence that AMR bacteria could be routinely isolated from SPMMP. There was no evidence that either confirmed or refuted that genetic materials capable of increasing AMR in non-AMR bacteria were present unprotected (i.e. outside of a cell or a capsid) in SPMMP. Statistical analyses were not straightforward because different authors used different laboratory methodologies.However, analyses using antibiotic organised into broadly-related groups indicated that Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to third generation cephalosporins might be an area of upcoming concern in SPMMP. The effective treatment of patients infected with Enterobacteriaceaeresistant to cephalosporins are a known clinical issue. No AMR associations with geography were observed and most of the publications identified tended to be from Europe and the far east.AMR Listeria monocytogenes and lactic acid bacteria could be tolerant to cleaning and disinfection in secondary processing environments. The basis of the tolerance could be genetic (e.g. efflux pumps) or environmental (e.g. biofilm growth). Persistent, plant resident, AMR L. monocytogenes were shown by one study to be the source of final product contamination. 4 AMR genes can be present in bacterial cultures used for the manufacture of fermented SPMMP. Furthermore, there was broad evidence that AMR loci could be transferred during meat fermentation, with refrigeration temperatures curtailing transfer rates. Given the potential for AMR transfer, it may be prudent to advise food business operators (FBOs) to use fermentation starter cultures that are AMR-free or not contained within easily mobilisable genetic elements. Thermal processing was seen to be the only secondary processing stage that served as a critical control point for numbers of AMR bacteria. There were significant linkages between some AMR genes in Salmonella. Quaternary ammonium compound (QAC) resistance genes were associated with copper, tetracycline and sulphonamide resistance by virtue of co-location on the same plasmid. No evidence was found that either supported or refuted that there was any association between AMR genes and genes that encoded an altered stress response or enhanced the survival of AMR bacteria exposed to harmful environmental conditions.
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Lederman, Jaimee, Peter Haas, Stephanie Kellogg, Martin Wachs, and Asha Weinstein Agrawal. Do Equity and Accountability Get Lost in LOSTs? An Analysis of Local Return Funding Provisions in California’s Local Option Sales Tax Measures for Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1811.

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This study explores how local return provisions of local option sales taxes (LOSTs) for transportation are allocated and spent to meet local and regional transportation needs. Local return refers to the component of county LOST measures that provides funding directly to municipalities in the county to be used to meet local needs. Local return has become a fixture in LOSTs; 58 LOST measures placed on the ballot in California (as of 2019) that have included local return in their expenditure plan have an average of 35% of revenues dedicated to local return. Local return provisions in the ballot measures often contain guidelines on how a portion of the money should be spent. The allocation of local return funds to localities has rarely been discussed in research, and spending decisions have to our knowledge never been analyzed. This paper conducts a mixed-methods analysis of all LOSTs with local return, relying on ordinances and other public documents related to local return expenditures, and supplemented with interviews with officials in six counties. Findings indicate that local return provisions are crafted to balance the needs of the county across different dimensions, including trying to achieve equity between urban and rural residents, investment in different transportation modes, and meeting both local and regional policy needs. Moreover, significant accountability mechanisms provide regulations to ensure that funds are distributed to and spent by jurisdictions as promised by the measures. Overall, this research finds that local return is a vital part of LOST measures in California, allowing cities to meet local needs ranging from maintenance of local streets to funding for special programs, while simultaneously aligning local investment with regional priorities.
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