Academic literature on the topic 'Methods of public expenditure rationalization'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the lists of relevant articles, books, theses, conference reports, and other scholarly sources on the topic 'Methods of public expenditure rationalization.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Journal articles on the topic "Methods of public expenditure rationalization"
1
Smiel, Halmat Rasol, and Ghazi Othman Mahmod. "Development of General Budget Preparation Methods in Governmental Units (An applied study in the bureau of the Presidency of Raparin University)." Journal of University of Raparin 8, no. 4 (December 28, 2021): 225–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.26750/vol(8).no(4).paper11.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this research is to shed light on the concept and significance of balancing programs and performance as one of the modern methods of preparing the public budget، because this method has many advantages in improving planning، rationalization of expenditure، and control of public funds، and this modern method has been applied in many countries around the world and proven its success as a continuation.The countries of the world، by following the traditional method (items) in preparing the public budget، have led over the years to an increase in the volume of public expenditures without an actual need for this increase. The researchers applied a new method for preparing the general budget at Raparin University، and then compared the estimated expenditures according to the traditional budget (items) for the year 2021 prepared by the Directorate of Financial Affairs of the Raparin University Presidency Office and the estimated expenditures according to the budget of programs and performance The research has reached a set of conclusions، the most important of which is the use of the program and performance budgeting system، which leads to the optimal allocation of resources، increasing the efficiency and effectiveness of programs and activities، and using it to achieve the objectives related to each program and to achieve effective control over these programs by following up on the extent to which the programs achieve their predetermined goals.The research recommends the need to adhere to the principles، rules and practices that underpin the philosophy of the method of balancing programs and performance by all government departments in general and the research sample in particular، as this method leads to a state of creativity among government budget preparers and provides them with the best solutions، and then considers it a clear approach.Government units take strategic decisions.
2
Rollnik-Sadowska, Ewa, and Edyta Dąbrowska. "Cluster analysis of effectiveness of labour market policy in the European Union." Oeconomia Copernicana 9, no. 1 (March 31, 2018): 143–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24136/oc.2018.008.
Full textAbstract:
Research background: In the era of demographic changes and the need for rationalization of public expenditure, the European Union social policy promotes the activation approach. In addition, a growing importance of increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of public entities can be noticed. These phenomena are visible in the implementation of the labour market policy. However, the EU countries represent a different approach to spending public funds on issues related to the implementation of labour market policy.
Purpose of the article: The authors are presenting the main theoretical assumptions concerning effectiveness and efficiency of labour market policy. Moreover, in the paper the EU countries are classified in clusters according to their level of expenditure on different categories of LMP. A comparison of the situation over ten years — in 2004 and 2014 — has also been conducted. In 2004, ten new members entered the EU, and the year 2014 presents the most current data in the analyzed area.
Methods: As a research method cluster analysis was applied. Cross-country labour market situation throughout the EU is presented by the analysis of the Eurostat data. The countries are grouped in clusters following Ward's and k-means methods.
Findings & Value added: There is a need to work out a complex evaluation of labour market policies in the EU to provide comparative analysis of the EU countries (or groups of countries). It would allow to determine the level of development of the country in terms of the efficiency of labour market policies. The EU countries with the best labour market indicators represent diverse levels of LMP expenditure.
3
Kolomycew, Anna. "The Non-public Stakeholders’ Participation in the Implementation of Educational Tasks as a Form of Education Policy Rationalization. The Case of Local Education Policy in Poland." Socialiniai tyrimai 40, no. 2 (February 12, 2018): 5–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.21277/st.v40i2.194.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of the article is to present the process of non-state actors’ involvement in the implementation of educational tasks. The author focused on the most engaging form of participation in terms of education policy, which is the acquisition of education tasks, including school management by non-public stakeholders. The non-public stakeholders’ participation in education policy implementation discussed in the article has been present for a few years now and used by Polish municipalities as a tool to reduce costs of educational tasks. The costs of education policy implementation have been steadily increasing for years, disproportionately to the number of students. The problem of high costs of education is particularly acute for small municipalities, especially rural and urban-rural. Looking for solutions to rationalize local expenditures and curb spending on education policy, which in some municipalities consumes more than 60% of the total budget spending, the authorities look for new ways to save money.
Such a solution is the possibility of transferring small schools (up to 70 students) to non-public stakeholders (including social organization or natural person) to avoid their liquidation. On the one hand, the implemented solution was created to support local governments, which, in the face of growing educational expenditures, had limited investment opportunities in other areas. On the other hand, this solution corresponds to local communities’ needs and takes into account the specificity of rural areas and the relationships within local communities (usually small, rural) for which the school was not only educational institution, but also integration and meetings centre.
In this article the author analyzes the conditions of involving non-public stakeholders in the process of carrying out educational tasks as well as the current formal and legal basis of this procedure. The process of implementing educational tasks by non-public stakeholders refers to the concept of co-production of public services, which is the theoretical framework of the present article. The analysis presented in the text is based on the concept of co-production as a form of performance of public tasks involving members of the local community who contribute and bear partial responsibility for the performance of public services, with a view to improving their quality and delivery standards.
In the course of the analysis, the author tries to verify the hypothesis, that the actual participation of non-state actors manifests itself in full engagement in public tasks, involving expenditure (financial, labour), personal commitment and responsibility. In this sense, participation can be considered a form of co-production. By examining the hypothesis, the researcher poses the following research questions: What are the constraints between the apparent and the actual participation of the stakeholders in education policy?, What are the circumstances of the participation of non-public actors in the public service provision? What are the conditions of the non-public entity’s participation in the public service delivery system? How do the roles of both public and non-public actors change in the context of co-production of public services?
In the article, the author uses the following research methods: the analysis of existing sources, including the content of normative acts and documents as well as the literature of the subject. In addition, the partial empirical studies conducted by the author in Polish municipalities were used in the publication. In total, the author conducted 60 semi-structured interviews based on the interview scenario. The selection of respondents to the study was purposeful and selected in two stages. In the first stage, the author selected the provinces (województwa) to study, among those in which the most and the least local schools were closed in 2006–2014. Then, the author selected the municipalities in each of the provinces (4 municipalities in each province). In the second stage, the respondents were selected. In the group of respondents were the representatives of local authorities (executive and constituent bodies), the representatives of the school community, the representatives of social organizations, local community members as well as public officials and local leaders of the selected municipalities.
The conclusions of the research indicate that the mechanism in the form of participation of non-public actors in the performance of educational tasks is in practice difficult to implement and depends on a number of factors, such as: the level of local community activity, the experience of cooperation between public authorities and local community in other areas, the attitude of local authorities to cooperate with social actors. The reluctance to cooperate, the lack of mutual trust between local governments and local communities, and the domination of the traditional model of local governance with the leading position of local authorities (as a creator and public service contractor) make the running of schools by non-public actors rarely practiced. Frequently, the main problem is the relationship and attitude of both local authorities and the local community, which make this solution impossible to implement. In the course of the research three models of relations between local authorities and local stakeholders were identified: a) the so-called “radical model” – local authorities plan to liquidate the school entirely and do not plan to transfer it to other entities; b) the so-called “cooperative model” – local authorities propose to delegate educational tasks to non-public stokeholds declaring financial and non-financial support; c) the so-called “conciliation model” – local authorities do not plan to transfer the school, but in a face of local community initiative they agree to let it be run by a non-public stakeholder.
4
Pidlypna, Radmila. "IMPLEMENTATION OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS OF SOCIAL RISK MANAGEMENT." Economic Discourse, no. 3 (September 30, 2020): 38–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.36742/2410-0919-2020-3-4.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction. Accelerated pace of development of society contributes to the accelerated generation of social risks, modern society is characterized by constant technological, natural, economic, environmental, socio-cultural changes. Therefore, minimizing social risks and leveling their consequences is of paramount importance. Methods. Diagnosis of the state of the social risk management system combined the principles of systemic, structural-functional and targeted analysis, which provided a comprehensive assessment of the whole and individual components. Results. The analysis of expenditures on the social sphere showed their stable absolute growth despite the dynamic reduction of their share in the budget. Social risks are largely due to the non-transparency of the mechanism for regulating the supply and demand of labor in the domestic labor market. A significant share of macroeconomic social risks is related to the problems of social infrastructure, which is financed from the budget. Problems with access to health care, the opacity of the pharmaceutical market, the degradation of the health care network, chronic underfunding, and the lack of health insurance also generate social risks. The task of state policy should be to prevent and prevent social risks, identify social conflicts that lead to destructive consequences. Systematization of social risks allows to methodologically substantiate the mechanisms of social risk management, to modernize the models of social protection of the population, to develop effective tools for ensuring public management of social risks. Discussion. The impossibility of reducing funding for social needs without deteriorating the quality of life and social protection of the population requires further search for alternative sources of funding for socio-cultural expenditures, rationalization in the budget structure to effectively combat the development of social risks. Keywords: social policy, social risks, social transfers, household expenditures, labor market, health care.
5
Hallaert, Jean-Jacques, and Maximilien Queyranne. "From Containment to Rationalization: Increasing Public Expenditure Efficiency in France." IMF Working Papers 16, no. 07 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.5089/9781513540139.001.
Full text
6
Areda, Camila Alves, Roni Cléber Bonizio, and Osvaldo de Freitas. "Pharmacoeconomy: an indispensable tool for the rationalization of health costs." Brazilian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 47, no. 2 (June 2011): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1984-82502011000200004.
Full textAbstract:
Due to the considerable increase in public expenditure with health issues, mainly regarding drugs, several countries, including Australia and England, have already implemented, or are in the process of discussing the adoption of measures to ensure the quality of health care provided to the population. One of the less harmful strategies, rarely used in Brazil, is the adoption of economic techniques applied to health, more specifically, pharmacoeconomic analysis. This paper aims to contribute to the dissemination of concepts and techniques of economic analysis with a view to incorporate these into policy decisions of expenditure rationalization and the search for clinical efficiency. It includes a literature review covering the types of costs and benefits in health issues, the methodologies of pharmacoeconomic analysis, cost-minimization, cost-benefits, cost-effectiveness and cost-utility analysis, as well as its main characteristics, advantages, disadvantages and applicability.
7
Jones, Kirk. "Micro Economic Reform and Aboriginal Support Programs." Aboriginal Child at School 21, no. 1 (March 1993): 12–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0310582200005538.
Full textAbstract:
Issues of finances and resources continue to be critical in determining future directions for Aboriginal Support Programs in higher education. Full accountability for expenditure of public funds has been the ‘hidden agenda’ behind the rhetoric of ‘self management’ and ‘self-sufficiency’ of both the labour and coalition parties in regard to Aboriginal affairs (Sharing the Country). Yet, it is becoming increasingly evident that these political terms have economic links with ‘amalgamation’ and ‘program rationalization’; that is, they are packaged in ‘micro economic reform’.
8
Shao, Chuan, Jia Wei, and Chuanzhe Liu. "Empirical Analysis of the Influence of Green Credit on the Industrial Structure: A Case Study of China." Sustainability 13, no. 11 (May 26, 2021): 5997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13115997.
Full textAbstract:
In order to explore the influence of green credit on the optimization and rationalization of the industrial structure in China, based on the relevant data of the green credit balance, interest expenditure in six high-energy-consuming industries, and industrial structure in China from 2007–2019, the paper first measured the green credit index and the index of industrial structure optimization and rationalization by the methods of entropy weight and Theil index. Then, the coupling model was adopted to study the coupling degree and the coupling coordination degree between them, and the regression model was employed to further study the influence coefficient of green credit on the optimization and rationalization of industrial structure. Research showed that the degree of coupling between green credit and industrial structure rationalization presents three stages—extremely low coupling, low coupling, and moderate coupling—and the degree of coupling coordination presents two stages—extremely low coordination and low coordination. Similarly, the degree of coupling between them presents two stages—extremely low coupling and low coupling—and the degree of coupling coordination presents two stages—extremely low coordination and low coordination. Regression analysis showed that the influence coefficients of the green credit index on rationalization and optimization of industrial structure were 0.56 and 0.03, respectively, which supported the conclusion that the coupling degree between the former two is higher than that between the latter two on the one hand, and made it clear that green credit positively and effectively guides the rational allocation of resources and promotes secondary and tertiary industries on the other hand.
9
Tarschys, Daniel. "Curbing Public Expenditure: Current Trends." Journal of Public Policy 5, no. 1 (February 1985): 23–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0143814x00002877.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTNearly every OECD country has faced a scissors crisis in public finance since the worldwide depression of the mid-1970s; in slow growth economies public spending has been rising faster than tax revenues. In response, a great variety of methods have been employed to control public spending. Governments have sought to: impose global ceilings on spending; modify indexation rules; decentralize decremental decisions among government agencies; improve cash flow management; devise balanced packages; introduce new constitutional rules; provide incentives for retrenchment; and privatize public sector activities. Efforts to impose cuts in spending have been directed at the bureaucracy; transfer payments; subsidies; local and regional government; and quangos. The conclusion emphasizes that retrenchment policy presupposes a shift in the balance of power between guardians and spenders.
10
Flynn, Rob. "Cutback Contradictions in Dutch Housing Policy." Journal of Social Policy 15, no. 2 (April 1986): 223–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047279400001689.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACTThis paper describes housing policy in the Netherlands and the current crisis over subsidies. It argues that the development of the welfare state, the housing system, and recent retrenchment contain contradictions which reflect the distinctive nature of Dutch politics and social structure. In particular, it suggests that the existence of pillarized social cleavages has been influential in the growth of a progressive welfare state, in providing a secure base for social rented housing, and in sustaining high levels of support for spending on housing subsidies. Expenditure cutbacks and measures for administrative rationalization are outlined, and some of the contradictory effects on housing policy are examined.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Methods of public expenditure rationalization"
1
Shih-DianChen and 陳仕典. "Public Health Expenditure and Economic Performance:Applications of Panel Smooth Transition Regression Methods." Thesis, 2017. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/x38a6k.
Full text
2
MAHDAL, Jan. "Efektivnost investic v oblasti vodohospodářského majetku měst a obcí." Master's thesis, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-137350.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to evaluate public investment projects in water management assets of municipalities and the subsequent recommendation of a variant solution to the final realization. This assessment will be used well-established method and the result will be determined by comparing their outputs.
Books on the topic "Methods of public expenditure rationalization"
1
Economy, polity, and urban public expenditure. Aldershot, Hants, England: Avebury, 1989.
Find full text
2
Stern, Jon. Methods of analysis of public expenditure programmes with employment objectives. London: HM Treasury, 1988.
Find full text
3
J, Stern. Methods of analysis of public expenditure programmes with employment objectives. HM Treasury, 1988.
Find full text
4
Jean, Kozak Lola, and National Center for Health Statistics (U.S.), eds. Hospital use in Poland and the United States. Hyattsville, MD: U.S. Dept. of Health and Human Services, Public Health Service, National Center For Health Statistics, 1988.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Methods of public expenditure rationalization"
1
Palavalli, Bharath M., Sruthi Krishnan, and Yashwin Iddya. "Enabling Public Participation in Shaping the Inclusive Energy Transition Through Serious Gaming—Case Studies in India." In Shaping an Inclusive Energy Transition, 231–44. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-74586-8_10.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractTo create holistic plans for equitable access to energy and to create sustainable transition pathways, stakeholder consultation and engagement processes are essential. In India, the planning process for energy has challenges that range from legacy processes, increasing energy demand to fuel growth, pressures arising from competing (as well as new and old) technologies, to varying goals for all the stakeholders. We categorize these factors as institutional structures, geopolitical, environmental, technical, social, and monetary factors. To ensure a vision for a collective future and a coherent plan for energy, it is important that the processes enable participation and allow for co-ordination and interaction to strengthen dialogue. Processes should capture intangibles and include slack for events such as pandemics, which are no longer treated either as externalities or once-in-a-lifetime events. In this chapter, we give two examples of serious games as tools to address these challenges in the context of planning. The first example is of a game created for bureaucrats, decision-makers in the government, and private energy companies to plan collectively and compare results from various plans for energy expenditure in India. In the second case, the game aids transportation planning in urban India, which requires additional effort to ensure a transition to equitable access to energy. Using results from the game sessions, we illustrate how such methods can bridge gaps in energy planning in the diverse and challenging context of India.
2
Maki, Hussein AwadElkarim Hussein. "General Oncology Care in Sudan." In Cancer in the Arab World, 251–64. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-7945-2_16.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractThe Sudanese healthcare system has two main branches to solve the country’s health problems, preventive medicine and therapeutic medicine. In other words, it mainly works with communicable and non-communicable diseases and the services are divided into primary level (for the primary health centers), secondary level (general hospitals), and tertiary level (specialized centers such as oncology and neurosurgery). However, the main factors that are drawbacks to the healthcare system are overall economic instability, low health expenditure, and civil wars. Data about cancer in Sudan is scarce. There is a lack of prospective whole country studies about cancer in Sudan. The instability of the population, inadequate trained personnel, and the inefficient cancer registry system contributed to the lack of accurate figures about the true incidence of cancer in Sudan. Therefore, the frequency ratios of tumors are mostly represented in different publications. Cancer in Sudanese patients is usually present lately or in advanced stages and many cases are reported at younger ages. Cancer treatment centers in Sudan are few with inadequate resources for the variety of treatment methods. While huge efforts are being made to improve cancer medical care in the country, there are still many obstacles that need to be solved to ensure that cancer patients have a high standard of services in both public and private sectors. There are limited early detection and screening programs, especially in rural areas. More diagnostic and treatment centers are now being established in many cities in Sudan. This chapter addresses the general view of the cancer situation in Sudan, reviewing the different aspects of the cancer burden and different associated conditions related to oncology.
3
Zhang, Jianbin. "Public Information Service for the Disadvantaged in China’s Towns." In Technology Diffusion and Adoption, 182–99. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-2791-8.ch012.
Full textAbstract:
This study uses the methods of questionnaire and group discussion to conduct field research in A and B towns, which are located in the eastern developed region and the western undeveloped region of China, respectively. According to comparative study on the status of providing public information service for the disadvantaged between A and B towns, the author finds that the public in A town are superior to the ones in B in terms of information literacy, public information service expenditure, and satisfaction rate of public information service. Similarities exist in terms of differences in accessing public information service between town and village, among social groups, and the causes resulting in imbalance of public information service and features of the information-poor’s group distribution. The author discusses the differences in development policies between city and village, as well as differences in financial investment of public information service, education, and individual’s income level between A and B towns.
4
Bobar, Vjekoslav, Ksenija Mandic, and Milija Suknovic. "Bidder Selection in Public Procurement using a Fuzzy Decision Support System." In Fuzzy Systems, 1620–42. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1908-9.ch066.
Full textAbstract:
Bidder selection in public procurement is a decision making problem whose primary purpose is to achieve the cost effectiveness and efficiency in the expenditure of public money. This principle is also known as the principle of “value for money”. This selection is based on many alternatives and many quantitative and qualitative criteria where qualitative criteria are often expressed as linguistic uncertain variables. The theory of fuzzy sets is a tool suitable to model uncertainty when applied to a variety of problems in real life. However, many fuzzy methods require complex calculation and they are not appropriate for using in public procurement because they slow down this process. In this paper, in order to make a quick decision in public procurement, a Decision Support System based on the fuzzy extent analysis method is developed. In order to demonstrate the usefulness of this system, a real-life case scenario of public procurement is presented.
5
Esteves, Francisco Madeira, Luís Manuel de Macedo Gomes Lagartinho, and Pedro Fernandes da Anunciação. "Information Systems for Management Decision Support in Portuguese Public Hospital." In Handbook of Research on ICTs and Management Systems for Improving Efficiency in Healthcare and Social Care, 1172–90. IGI Global, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-3990-4.ch061.
Full textAbstract:
The information systems have assumed a central role in the health sector. Particularly in the public domain, health institutions have traditionally been marked by management practices based on contextual contingencies without much concern of the accurate results and their assessment. The traditional concern about the low efficiency and effectiveness in managing public resources has been replaced by the emerging and urgent need for rational management instruments and methods. This need presents the opportunity for a new management paradigm that should not be restricted to the financial aspects of health institutions, but it should include all dimensions of core and non-core activities. The budget slippages and ruptures cannot continue being used as the excuse for the need of systematic and permanent increase of financial resources spent on provision of public health services, often justified by an increasing of the population or the average life expectancy. The budget problems and difficulties of the Portuguese State, particularly the urgent need of the expenditure growth control, show the need of a new management paradigm. This demand has caused, on the one hand, a heavy investment in information technologies to support management decisions, and on the other hand, it has shown other problems, such as the difficulty experienced in the architectural integration of information and technologies as well as problems of a significant complexity and high resource consumption. This chapter discusses the current information systems for management decision support in Portuguese public hospitals based on the analysis of a district hospital in Portugal.
6
Esteves, Francisco Madeira, Luís Manuel de Macedo Gomes Lagartinho, and Pedro Fernandes da Anunciação. "Information Systems for Management Decision Support in Portuguese Public Hospital." In Healthcare Administration, 1015–33. IGI Global, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-4666-6339-8.ch053.
Full textAbstract:
The information systems have assumed a central role in the health sector. Particularly in the public domain, health institutions have traditionally been marked by management practices based on contextual contingencies without much concern of the accurate results and their assessment. The traditional concern about the low efficiency and effectiveness in managing public resources has been replaced by the emerging and urgent need for rational management instruments and methods. This need presents the opportunity for a new management paradigm that should not be restricted to the financial aspects of health institutions, but it should include all dimensions of core and non-core activities. The budget slippages and ruptures cannot continue being used as the excuse for the need of systematic and permanent increase of financial resources spent on provision of public health services, often justified by an increasing of the population or the average life expectancy. The budget problems and difficulties of the Portuguese State, particularly the urgent need of the expenditure growth control, show the need of a new management paradigm. This demand has caused, on the one hand, a heavy investment in information technologies to support management decisions, and on the other hand, it has shown other problems, such as the difficulty experienced in the architectural integration of information and technologies as well as problems of a significant complexity and high resource consumption. This chapter discusses the current information systems for management decision support in Portuguese public hospitals based on the analysis of a district hospital in Portugal.
7
Hamelin, Fabrice. "The emergence of modern policy analysis in France." In Policy Analysis in France. Policy Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1332/policypress/9781447324218.003.0003.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter focuses on policy process studies as they emerged and developed in France from the 1950s to the early 1980s. To better understand how the establishment of policy process studies within academic research has taken shape, it seems necessary to trace the institutionalization trajectory. This trajectory developed within the academic world but also largely outside it, alongside it and in interaction with it. The influence acquired by the executive and its technocracy since the establishment of the Fifth Republic in 1958 provide also essential data for an understanding of how knowledge and the methods that focus on understanding and controlling public policy in France have developed. The first phase arose from planning and national accountability as vectors of the rationalization of public policy. It was further developed in the 1960s thanks to the transfer of debates and tools developed overseas. The second phase was characterized by the crisis of the Welfare State and the transfer of policy studies knowledge obtained by North American universities. During this second phase, the development and institutionalization of public policy analysis in academic research began to establish policy studies as an autonomous “branch” of French political sciences.
8
Hall, Peter S., Katharina Diernberger, and Liz Grant. "Health economics for palliative care." In Oxford Textbook of Palliative Medicine, edited by Nathan I. Cherny, Marie T. Fallon, Stein Kaasa, Russell K. Portenoy, and David C. Currow, 93–100. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198821328.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
Healthcare costs are escalating due to public demand for, and the increasing availability of, treatment. National frameworks that use economic evaluation as a basis for health technology assessment have been successful at constraining expenditure on low-value treatments primarily by explicitly considering the opportunity cost of new technology adoption or service redesign. At the end of life and in palliative contexts, such methods have not been widely applied and are underdeveloped despite evidence that healthcare costs typically increase with proximity to death. There may be a requirement for the adaptation of standard methods for healthcare resource allocation in this setting, where the goals of care may differ from a curative or preventative context. Health service and financing models may be complex and specific to this setting, with a greater consideration for third-sector provision and informal care. This chapter outlines the core concepts in health economics that are relevant in the planning of palliative services, with specific considerations in the developed and developing world contexts.
9
Mirelman, Andrew, and Richard Cookson. "Financial protection." In Distributional Cost-Effectiveness Analysis, edited by Kjell Arne Johansson, Matthew M. Coates, Jan-Magnus Økland, Aki Tsuchiya, Gene Bukhman, Ole F. Norheim, and Øystein Haaland, 195–210. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198838197.003.0010.
Full textAbstract:
This chapter shows how to analyse the impacts of healthcare and public health decisions on equity in the distribution of financial protection from out-of-pocket (OOP) healthcare costs. The basic analytical steps for analysing impacts on equity in financial protection are similar to those used for analysing impacts on equity in health—that is, one needs to analyse the baseline distribution of financial protection (pre-decision), the effects, the opportunity costs, and the final distribution (post-decision). However, different data and methods are required because at each step one is measuring distributions of financial protection rather than distributions of health. This chapter describes two main measures of financial protection—‘catastrophic’ and ‘impoverishing’ healthcare expenditure—and explains how the relevant distributions can be analysed. Accompanying the text is a step-by-step spreadsheet training exercise based on a previously published extended cost-effectiveness analysis study of a tobacco tax increase in Lebanon.
10
Mehta, Jal. "The Cultural Struggle for Control over Schooling: The Power of Ideas and the Weakness of the Educational Field." In The Allure of Order. Oxford University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199942060.003.0004.
Full textAbstract:
How can we best understand the repeated eff orts to rationalize schools across the 20th century? Traditional approaches to explaining political phenomena—interest groups, institutions, partisan theories, and rational choice—are limited in their ability to explain this recurring impulse. Instead, a complementary set of cultural lenses—ideas, professions, fields, logics, moral power, and institutional vantage points—can shed more light on these repeated movements. Together, these perspectives also offer a different way of thinking about the nature of social and political contestation, one that is deeply cultural in its ontology and that integrates ideas, interests, and institutions, links the social and the political, and explains both continuity and change. In one sense, movements to “rationalize” schools have cycled across the 20th century. As will be discussed in more detail in the chapters to come, at three different times reformers have embraced the rationalization of schools. In the Progressive Era, a group of reformers, comprising mostly businessmen, city elites, and university professors, sought to shift power from large, local ward boards, which they viewed as parochial and unprofessional, to smaller boards controlled by professional elites. They made the superintendent the equivalent of the CEO of the school system and directed him to use the latest in scientific methods and modern management techniques to measure outcomes and to ensure that resources were being used efficiently to produce the greatest possible bang for the buck. The newly emerging science of testing was widely employed to ensure that teachers and schools were meeting standards and to sort students into appropriate tracks, with the aim of “efficiently” matching students with the curriculum appropriate to their ability. In the late 1960s and early 1970s, a second accountability movement sought to take hold of American schooling. Seeking to realize both a civil rights agenda of improving the quality of schooling and to satisfy more conservative concerns about the efficient spending of public dollars, state after state passed laws designed to inject greater accountability into the school system.
Conference papers on the topic "Methods of public expenditure rationalization"
1
HULÍNSKÝ, Lukáš. "Salaries of elected officials as municipal budget expenditure." In Current Trends in Public Sector Research. Brno: Masaryk University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5817/cz.muni.p210-9646-2020-4.
Full textAbstract:
Remuneration of politicians is a relevant social issue that is worth to research. Salaries of local representatives in the Czech Republic are set by law and their size is in case of municipalities derived by municipal population. At the same time municipal councils are free to choose, how many elected officials will serve full time and get paid for that service and how many will keep their proper jobs or entrepreneurships and serve only part time and get quite symbolic remuneration. This choice may result in substantial differences in total related budget expenditure in otherwise similar municipalities. The purpose of the paper is to describe the system of local elected officials’ remuneration and its evolution since 2010 and to analyse municipal expenditure on elected officials’ remuneration in Czech towns with 10 to 50 thousand inhabitants between 2010 to 2018. A key part of the research is the collection of data from local government budgets, their processing and construction of appropriate indicators. Subsequently, these indicators will be analysed through the basic statistical methods resulting in comparison of the selected municipalities.
2
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Conservative treatment of cerebral hemorrhage: an analysis of the State of São Paulo." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.172.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cerebral hemorrhage represents 10% to 15% of all strokes, with the worst prognosis and the highest rate of morbimortality. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of conservative treatment procedures for cerebral hemorrhage in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of conservative treatment data for cerebral hemorrhage, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 15,327 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 30,258,539.39. 2008 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (1,373), and 2020 was the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 3,008,526.38). 552 of the were elective and 14,606 were urgent, with 4,102 occurring in the public sector and 4,510 in private one. All 15,327 considered to be of medium complexity. The mortality rate was 29.68, corresponding to 4,549 deaths, 2009 was the year with the highest mortality, 33.33 and 2008 the lowest, 24.33. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (15.40 versus 30.48 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (27.16 versus 30.07 in private care). The hospital stay was 11.0 days, with a cost of R$ 1,974.20. Conclusion: The conservative treatment of cerebral hemorrhage represents a procedure of medium complexity with a long period of hospital stay. Higher mortality was observed in emergency care and the private sector.
3
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "National scenario of procedures for intracranial tumor exerisis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.170.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Intracranial tumors have an incidence that varies between 10 to 17 cases per 100 thousand people. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of craniotomy treatment procedures for removal of intracranial tumors in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of craniotomy treatment for removal of intracranial tumors, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 9,569 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 39,104,400.74. 2013 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (880), it was also the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 3,729,954.75). 3,204 of them were elective and 6,365 were urgent, with 4,550 occurring in the public sector and 1,519 in private one. All 9,569 considered to be of high complexity. The mortality rate was 9.31, corresponding to 891 deaths, 2008 was the year with the highest mortality, 11.64 and 2018 the lowest, 6.29. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (6.27 versus 10.84 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (9.27 versus 9.61 in private care). The hospital stay was 17.0 days, with a cost of R$ 4,086.57. Conclusion: The excision of intracranial tumors represents a procedure of high complexity with a long period of hospital stay. Higher mortality was observed in emergency care and the private sector.
4
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "National scenario of procedures for intracranial tumor exerisis." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.724.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Intracranial tumors have an incidence that varies between 10 to 17 cases per 100 thousand people. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of craniotomy treatment procedures for removal of intracranial tumors in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of craniotomy treatment for removal of intracranial tumors, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 9,569 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 39,104,400.74. 2013 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (880), it was also the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 3,729,954.75). 3,204 of them were elective and 6,365 were urgent, with 4,550 occurring in the public sector and 1,519 in private one. All 9,569 considered to be of high complexity. The mortality rate was 9.31, corresponding to 891 deaths, 2008 was the year with the highest mortality, 11.64 and 2018 the lowest, 6.29. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (6.27 versus 10.84 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (9.27 versus 9.61 in private care). The hospital stay was 17.0 days, with a cost of R$ 4,086.57. Conclusion: The excision of intracranial tumors represents a procedure of high complexity with a long period of hospital stay. Higher mortality was observed in emergency care and the private sector.
5
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Conservative treatment of cerebral hemorrhage: an analysis of the State of São Paulo." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.725.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cerebral hemorrhage represents 10% to 15% of all strokes, with the worst prognosis and the highest rate of morbimortality. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of conservative treatment procedures for cerebral hemorrhage in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of conservative treatment data for cerebral hemorrhage, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 15,327 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 30,258,539.39. 2008 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (1,373), and 2020 was the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 3,008,526.38). 552 of the were elective and 14,606 were urgent, with 4,102 occurring in the public sector and 4,510 in private one. All 15,327 considered to be of medium complexity. The mortality rate was 29.68, corresponding to 4,549 deaths, 2009 was the year with the highest mortality, 33.33 and 2008 the lowest, 24.33. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (15.40 versus 30.48 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (27.16 versus 30.07 in private care). The hospital stay was 11.0 days, with a cost of R$ 1,974.20. Conclusion: The conservative treatment of cerebral hemorrhage represents a procedure of medium complexity with a long period of hospital stay. Higher mortality was observed in emergency care and the private sector.
6
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "National perspective of the surgical treatment of platibasia and malformation of Arnold Chiari." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.173.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Platybasia is a bone anomaly, characterized by the flattening of the skull base. Its etiology is still questioned, but it is believed to occur in a congenital way. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of Arnold Chiari’s platelet and malformation surgical treatment procedures in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of Arnold Chiari’s platelet and malformation surgical treatment data, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 1,573 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 5,680,871.82. 2011 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (142), it was also the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 582,194.40). 1,006 of the were elective and 567 were urgent, with 509 occurring in the public sector and 482 in private one. All 1,573 considered to be of high complexity. The mortality rate was 2.16, corresponding to 34 deaths, 2010 was the year with the highest mortality, 4.10 and 2012 the lowest, 0.83. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (1.89 versus 2.65 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (2.36 versus 2.49 in private care). The hospital stay was 12.7 days, with a cost of R$ 3,611.49. Conclusion: Platybasia is a highly complexity condition with a long period of hospital stay. However, the predominance of care is elective, with low mortality.
7
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Pedro Miguel Calife da Luz, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "National perspective of the surgical treatment of platibasia and malformation of Arnold Chiari." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.726.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Platybasia is a bone anomaly, characterized by the flattening of the skull base. Its etiology is still questioned, but it is believed to occur in a congenital way. Objectives: To analyze the panorama of Arnold Chiari’s platelet and malformation surgical treatment procedures in the State of São Paulo and correlate it with the current epidemiology. Methods: observational, descriptive and cross-sectional collection of Arnold Chiari’s platelet and malformation surgical treatment data, available at DATASUS website, from January 2008 up to December 2020 - evaluating the number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, deaths, permanence and character of care. Results: 1,573 hospitalizations were observed for such procedures in this period, representing a total expenditure of R$ 5,680,871.82. 2011 was the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (142), it was also the year with the greatest expenditure (R$ 582,194.40). 1,006 of the were elective and 567 were urgent, with 509 occurring in the public sector and 482 in private one. All 1,573 considered to be of high complexity. The mortality rate was 2.16, corresponding to 34 deaths, 2010 was the year with the highest mortality, 4.10 and 2012 the lowest, 0.83. Mortality rate was lower in elective procedures (1.89 versus 2.65 in urgent ones) and when carried out in public sector (2.36 versus 2.49 in private care). The hospital stay was 12.7 days, with a cost of R$ 3,611.49. Conclusion: Platybasia is a highly complexity condition with a long period of hospital stay. However, the predominance of care is elective, with low mortality.
8
Елена, Качанова. "PROJECT MANAGEMENT TECHNOLOGIES IN A MUNICI-PALITY: OPPORTUNITY OR NECESSITY? (сase of Yekaterinburg)." In MODERN CITY: POWER, GOVERNANCE, ECONOMICS. Publishing House of Perm National Research Polytechnic University, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.15593/65.049-66/2020.7.
Full textAbstract:
The publication analyzes the elements of the project approach in the formation and implementation of municipal programs within the framework of financing and co-financing of the local budget in a large urban district. Based on the criteria analysis of the actors of municipal programs, their focus on fixed expenditure obligations and the amount of funding, the author compares project methods in business and public administration at the municipal level, assesses their opportunities and threats, areas of application. The article makes a number of recommendations to local governments on using the advantages of project management technologies in the initiation, approval and implementation of municipal programs and projects.
9
Leite, Izabel Feitosa da Mata, Paulo Roberto Hernandes Júnior, Adelina Mouta Moreira Neto, Guilherme de Aguiar Moraes, Lucas Cardoso Siqueira Albernaz, and Matheus de Campos Medeiros. "Cerebrovascular accident treatment procedures: an analysis of the national scenario." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.210.
Full textAbstract:
Introduction: Cerebrovascular accident (CVA) is a medical emergency and it is the second cause of mortality worldwide. Due to high prevalence, systematic analyzes should be performed in order to help improve mortality curves. Objectives: Analyze current scenario of CVA treatment procedures performed in Brazil during 12 years and correlate with results. Methods: Literature review associated to an observational, descriptive and horizontal collection of hemorrhagic or ischemic CVA treatment data, available at DATASUS - SUS Hospital Information System (SIH / SUS) - from January 2008 to December 2019 - was carried out evaluating number of hospitalizations, public spending, complexity, mortality rate, permanence, character of care. Results: 2,173,466 hospitalizations were reported, total expenditure of R$ 2,659,605,859.72. The highest number of hospitalizations and the highest amount spent occurred in 2019. Considering total procedures, 67,141 were performed as elective and 2,105,861 were urgent basis. 700,063 were performed in public services and 670,230 in the private sector, both of medium complexity. Total mortality rate was 16.62% - decreasing over the 12 years, with 2019 having the lowest rate, 15.72%. Mortality rate for elective procedures was 13.14% compared to 16.73% for urgent, whereas in the public sector it was 18.79% compared to 14.91% for the private. Conclusion: Despite decreasing mortality over years, there is discrepancy between private and public services. In this scenario, high mortality rate was found in both services although highlighted at the public sector. Better investments are needed, aiming to reduce global mortality.
10
Hernandes Júnior, Paulo Roberto, Juliana de Souza Rosa, Patrick de Abreu Cunha Lopes, Bárbara Tisse da Silva, Heloá Santos Faria da Silva, Tiago Veiga Gomes, Rossy Moreira Bastos Junior, and Jhoney Francieis Feitosa. "Analysis of procedures for treating muscle dystrophies in the state of São Paulo." In XIII Congresso Paulista de Neurologia. Zeppelini Editorial e Comunicação, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5327/1516-3180.167.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Muscular dystrophies are degenerative and genetic diseases characterized by progressive weakness and muscle atrophies. Objectives: To analyze the current panorama of muscular dystrophy treatment procedures performed in the State of São Paulo, correlating it with current epidemiology. Methods: literature review and observational, descriptive, and transversal data collect on the treatment of muscular dystrophies, available on the DATASUS website, from January 2008 to December 2020, and articles from Scielo and PubMed. Results: There were 2,600 hospitalizations with a total expenditure of R$ 28,004,202.59, with 2015 being the year with the highest number of hospitalizations (248), although 2014 was the year responsible for the highest amount spent during the period (R$ 2,858,500 , 87). Of the total procedures, 1,849 were carried out on an elective basis and 749 were urgent, with 1,330 occurring in the public sector and 286 in the private sector. The total mortality rate was 1.08, corresponding to 28 deaths, with 2016 being the year with the highest mortality rate, 4.91, while 2014 had the lowest rate, 0.41. The mortality rate for elective procedures was 0.54 compared to 2.40 for urgent procedures, whereas in the public sector it was 0.53 compared to 1.75 for the private sector. The average total hospital stay was 27.7 days, with an average cost of R$ 10,770.85. Conclusion: the treatment of muscular dystrophies usually occurs in an elective regime and in the public sector, with the mortality rate being lower in the public service compared to the private one.
Reports on the topic "Methods of public expenditure rationalization"
1
Lederman, Jaimee, Peter Haas, Stephanie Kellogg, Martin Wachs, and Asha Weinstein Agrawal. Do Equity and Accountability Get Lost in LOSTs? An Analysis of Local Return Funding Provisions in California’s Local Option Sales Tax Measures for Transportation. Mineta Transportation Institute, February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1811.
Full textAbstract:
This study explores how local return provisions of local option sales taxes (LOSTs) for transportation are allocated and spent to meet local and regional transportation needs. Local return refers to the component of county LOST measures that provides funding directly to municipalities in the county to be used to meet local needs. Local return has become a fixture in LOSTs; 58 LOST measures placed on the ballot in California (as of 2019) that have included local return in their expenditure plan have an average of 35% of revenues dedicated to local return. Local return provisions in the ballot measures often contain guidelines on how a portion of the money should be spent. The allocation of local return funds to localities has rarely been discussed in research, and spending decisions have to our knowledge never been analyzed. This paper conducts a mixed-methods analysis of all LOSTs with local return, relying on ordinances and other public documents related to local return expenditures, and supplemented with interviews with officials in six counties. Findings indicate that local return provisions are crafted to balance the needs of the county across different dimensions, including trying to achieve equity between urban and rural residents, investment in different transportation modes, and meeting both local and regional policy needs. Moreover, significant accountability mechanisms provide regulations to ensure that funds are distributed to and spent by jurisdictions as promised by the measures. Overall, this research finds that local return is a vital part of LOST measures in California, allowing cities to meet local needs ranging from maintenance of local streets to funding for special programs, while simultaneously aligning local investment with regional priorities.