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Narat, Roxana, and Bernard Karnath. "Comparing methods for calculating GFR in children and adults." Kidney International 65, no. 6 (June 2004): 2443. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1755.2004.665_1.x.
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Jensen, Robert J. "Teaching Mathematics with Technology: Ratios." Arithmetic Teacher 35, no. 8 (April 1988): 60–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5951/at.35.8.0060.
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Learning about ratios empowers children with a language and procedure for comparing relative quantities in an efficient way. Understanding ratios is also a necessary precursor to meaningful work with proportional reasoning. The fact that many adults do not reach the Piagetian level described as “formal thought” is often attributed to weaknesses in their proportional reasoning skills. Aside from justifying the study of ratios as a critical component of formal thought, the varied real-life applications for ratios (cooking, model building, map reading, converting among and between measurement systems, calculating odds, scale drawing, unit pricing, etc.) make this area particularly meaningful to students. This month's department suggests a series of ratio activities for children that make use of a computer to produce graphically collections of objects in a grid with variable dimensions.
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Luise, Dora, Daniele Donà, Federica Visentin, Giulia Marini, Carlo Giaquinto, and Annamaria Cattelan. "Comparing imported malaria in adults and children presenting to an Italian teaching hospital: A 10-year retrospective study." Travel Medicine and Infectious Disease 17 (May 2017): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tmaid.2017.04.008.
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Hazlegrove, Sarah, and Lauren Haldeman. "P39: Step up MyPyramid — Comparing Teaching Methods for Ethnically Diverse Elementary School Children: A Pilot Study." Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior 40, no. 4 (July 2008): S59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2008.03.099.
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Sultan, Iyad, Ibrahim Qaddoumi, Sameer Yaser, Carlos Rodriguez-Galindo, and Andrea Ferrari. "Comparing Adult and Pediatric Rhabdomyosarcoma in the Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results Program, 1973 to 2005: An Analysis of 2,600 Patients." Journal of Clinical Oncology 27, no. 20 (July 10, 2009): 3391–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2008.19.7483.
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Purpose To compare clinical features and outcomes of adults and children reported to have rhabdomyosarcoma. Patients and Methods We analyzed data from 1,071 adults (age > 19 years) and 1,529 children (age ≤ 19 years) reported in the public-access Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results database as having rhabdomyosarcoma, diagnosed from 1973 to 2005. Survival estimates were determined using survival time with the end point being death from any cause. Results Adults with rhabdomyosarcoma had significantly worse outcome than children (5-year overall survival rates, 27% ± 1.4% and 61% ± 1.4%, respectively; P < .0001). Tumors in adults were more likely to be at an unfavorable site (65% v 55%; P < .0001) and to have histologies that are unusual during childhood, particularly the pleomorphic subtype (19%) and not otherwise specified (43%). Regional and distant spread was not more frequent in adults. Adults had significantly worse outcome than children with similar tumors. The most significant difference was in localized disease; 5-year survival estimates were 82% ± 2.0% for children and 47% ± 2.9% for adults (P < .0001). Multivariate analysis showed that age, histologic subtype, primary site location, stage, and local control with surgery and/or radiation were significant predictors of survival. However, alveolar subtype and unfavorable primary site lost significance when analysis was restricted to adults. Conclusion Adults reported to have rhabdomyosarcoma had worse survival than children with similar tumors. Predictors of poor outcome in children were valid in adults except for alveolar histology and unfavorable tumor site.
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Little, Anthony C., and Jack A. F. Griffey. "Preferring and Detecting Face Symmetry: Comparing Children and Adults Judging Human and Monkey Faces." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 19, 2020): 2112. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122112.
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Background: Visual symmetry is often found attractive. Symmetry may be preferred either due to a bias in the visual system or due to evolutionary selection pressures related to partner preference. Simple perceptual bias views predict that symmetry preferences should be similar across types of stimuli and unlikely to be related to factors such as age. Methods: The current study examined preferences for symmetry across age groups (pre-puberty vs post-puberty) and stimuli type (human face vs monkey face). Pairs of images manipulated for symmetry were presented and participants asked to choose the image they preferred. Participants repeated the task and were asked to detect symmetry. Results: Both age of observer and stimuli type were associated with symmetry preferences. Older observers had higher preferences for symmetry but preferred it most in human vs monkey stimuli. Across both age groups, symmetry preferences and detection abilities were weakly related. Conclusions: The study supports some ideas from an evolutionary advantage view of symmetry preference, whereby symmetry is expected be higher for potential partners (here human faces) and higher post-puberty when partner choice becomes more relevant. Such potentially motivational based preferences challenge perceptual bias explanations as a sole explanation for symmetry preferences but may occur alongside them.
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BATISTA, RITA, RUTE BORBA, and ANA HENRIQUES. "FAIRNESS IN GAMES: A STUDY ON CHILDREN’S AND ADULTS’ UNDERSTANDING OF PROBABILITY." STATISTICS EDUCATION RESEARCH JOURNAL 21, no. 1 (February 28, 2022): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.52041/serj.v21i1.79.
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This study aims to analyse the reasoning that children and adults with the same school level use to assess and justify the fairness of games, considering aspects of probability such as randomness, sample space, and comparison of probabilities. Data collection included a Piagetian clinical interview based on games of chance. The results showed that the participants’ judgments about the fairness of the games depends mainly on the understanding about independence of events, analysis of the sample space, and perception of proportionality when comparing probabilities, and that they have misunderstandings about these ideas. The similar low performance of adults and children on probabilistic reasoning, indicates that the maturity and experience of these adults were not enough to properly develop probabilistic reasoning and to instrumentalize it to assess the fairness of a game consistently. Thus, teaching interventions to expand and consolidate students' learning in the field of probability are recommended and the activities presented in this study may serve as a basis for such interventions.
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Roubalová, Marie, Roman Kralik, and Peter Kondrla. "Importance and method of teaching biblical Hebrew and aramaic in religious education of children and adults." Journal of Education Culture and Society 12, no. 1 (June 17, 2021): 59–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.15503/jecs2021.1.59.67.
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Aim. The aim of this paper is to show and explain the meaning and the importance teaching biblical Hebrew and Aramic in religious education. Method. The paper presents a descriptive study of philosophy of teaching Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic as an integral part of religious education, and at the same time it points out the main problems of this education which are connected with the fact that the original language of the Tanakh (one of the basic textbooks for religious education) is not the native language of the students being taught (even Israelis whose native language is Hebrew do not speak Biblical Hebrew) and studying it demands knowledge of Biblical Hebrew and Aramaic. Results. However, as the ideal method for teaching a foreign language does not exist, the choice of teaching methods must be based on the fact that each student or teacher prefers different method of work.
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White, Allan Leslie. "What Does Brain Research Say about Teaching and Learning Mathematics?" Southeast Asian Mathematics Education Journal 2, no. 1 (November 30, 2012): 75–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.46517/seamej.v2i1.19.
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Brain research has shaken our ideas of the structure of the brain and how the brain works. Gone are the ancient ideas of comparing the brain to a machine. Neuroplasticity describes the remarkable ways in which the brain adapts and transforms itself as a result of a change in stimuli. Cognitive exercises have been designed and trialled that improve memory, problem solving abilities, and language skills in aged subjects and in children, as well as reversing the aging process by twenty to thirty years in some adults. Since the decline of behaviourism as a major theoretical influence upon mathematics education, there have been a number of learning theories emphasising thinking and the influences of the social and cultural contexts. Although, brain research is in its infancy, the question arises as to what does brain research add to mathematics teaching and learning in addressing student needs and developing their potential?
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Maric, Vesna, Vujica Markovic, Marija Bozic, and Ivan Marjanovic. "Comparing characteristics of the optic nerve head among subjects with suspected glaucoma in different ages of onset." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 146, no. 3-4 (2018): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh170222144m.
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Introduction/Objective. Evaluation of the optic nerve head (ONH) is an inevitable procedure in the diagnosis of glaucoma. One of the most common imaging techniques for a quantitative assessment of the topography of the ONH is the Heidelberg retinal tomography II (HRT II). The aim of this study was to determine quantitative stereometric parameters of the ONH by using the HRT II and to investigate any damage of neuroretinal rim in children with suspected glaucoma and compared these data with the group of adults with suspected glaucoma. Methods. This comparative study included 167 (167 eyes) children aged 11?3 years with suspected juvenile glaucoma and 175 adult participants (175 eyes), aged 60?3 years, also with suspected glaucoma, examined between January 2013 and April 2014. Optic nerve head topography and retinal nerve fiber layer thickness measurements were assessed using a HRT II. Results. Data analysis in this study showed that the average mean values for children/adults were: disc area (mm2) 2.828?0.489/2.663?0.412 (p<0.001); rim area (mm2) 1.873?0.391/1.667?0.275 (p<0.001); cup/disc area ratio 0.369?0.125/0.369?0.101 (p=0.530); mean retinal nerve fiber layer thickness (mm) 0.223?0.078/0.219?0.055 (p=0.494). Statistically significant difference in damage of neuroretinal rim, between children and adults, was found in temporal (T) and temporal-inferior (Ti) segments. Conclusions. There were differences in some of the investigated quantitative parameters of the ONH between children and adults, as optic disc size, cup and rim area and rim volume. By using MRA, difference in the damage of the neuroretinal rim, when comparing children and adult optic discs appeared only in T and Ti segments, which means that optic disc cupping has spread more in children than in adults.
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Ulrich, Kerstin, and Anja Palmowski-Wolfe. "Comparing Three Different Contrast Sensitivity Tests in Adults and in Children with and without Amblyopia." Klinische Monatsblätter für Augenheilkunde 236, no. 04 (April 2019): 434–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-0853-1683.
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Abstract Background Tests of contrast sensitivity (CS) are not routinely performed in the clinic, although CS is reduced in many conditions, such as amblyopia or glaucoma. This may be due to perceived time constraints or unaffordability of equipment. Patients and Methods Monocular CS functions obtained with the FACT, CSV 1000E, and Lea Symbols were compared in 19 healthy subjects aged 24 – 78 years and 24 subjects aged 5 – 16 years, 9 of whom had amblyopia. Results CS functions could be obtained with all three tests. The tests were equally comfortable for young and adult patients, and took less than 5 minutes to perform (one eye). All measured CSs at 3, 6, 12, and 18 cycles per degree (cpd), but the FACT included 1.5 cpd. Linear mixed effect models were performed. While there was no significant difference at low spatial frequencies, the Lea CS test showed a ceiling effect in that range, while the FACT showed a floor effect at high spatial frequencies. CS in amblyopic children did not differ between the contralateral and the amblyopic eye. Overall, amblyopic eyes had lower CS values than the control eyes and CS did not correlate significantly to visual acuity at distance. Conclusion All three CS tests could be usefully applied in the clinic in adults as well as children over the age of 4 years. Only the CSV 1000E exhibited neither a ceiling nor a floor effect. This was also the fastest test. In children with amblyopia, CS testing offers additional information on visual function. In contrast to previous reports, we did not find that the CSV and FACT are interchangeable.
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Trabalza Marinucci, Beatrice, Giulio Maurizi, Camilla Vanni, Giuseppe Cardillo, Camilla Poggi, Valerio Pardi, Alessandro Inserra, and Erino A. Rendina. "Surgical treatment of pulmonary sequestration in adults and children: long-term results." Interactive CardioVascular and Thoracic Surgery 31, no. 1 (April 16, 2020): 71–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/icvts/ivaa054.
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Abstract OBJECTIVES Few experiences comparing paediatric and adult patients treated for pulmonary sequestration (PS) have been reported. Surgical treatment is considered the best choice, but the time of surgery is still controversial. We present our experience in this setting, comparing characteristics, histological results and outcome of paediatric and adult patients undergoing PS resection. METHODS Between 1998 and 2017, a total of 74 patients underwent lobectomy or sublobar resection for PS. Sixty patients were children (group A: ≤16 years old) and 14 were adults (group B: >16 years old). Preoperative diagnosis was radiological. PS was intralobar (42 cases) and extralobar (32 cases). The operation was a muscle-sparing lateral thoracotomy or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery. Preoperative characteristics, histological results and short-/long-term results of the 2 groups were retrospectively analysed and compared. RESULTS Thirty-seven percent of the patients in group A presented with respiratory symptoms and 79% in group B (P = 0.44). Most symptomatic patients were treated with a lobectomy. In group A, 2 patients (3%) had a malignant transformation of the lesion. Patients with a prenatal diagnosis treated after the age of 1 year became more symptomatic than those operated on before the age of 1 year (57% vs 23%; P = 0.08). No differences were found in postoperative complications. Long-term stable remission of respiratory symptoms was obtained in 91% of patients in group A and 100% in group B. Adulthood (P = 0.03) and the association with congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation (P = 0.03) were negative prognostic factors for the development of respiratory symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Surgical treatment of PS is safe and feasible. Despite the small number of patients included, study results indicated that an early operation during childhood may prevent the subsequent development of respiratory symptoms. Surgical treatment is also recommended to prevent the rare transformation into malignancy.
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Moisander-Joyce, Hanna, Anoushka Sinha, Shannon Fernandez-Ledon, Davon Lee, Satoki Hatano, Justine Kahn, James Garvin, Stergios Zacharoulis, and Robyn D. Gartrell-Corrado. "Survival in adult and pediatric patients with medulloblastoma: A 2018 SEER-based analysis." Journal of Clinical Oncology 38, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2020): e14529-e14529. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.e14529.
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e14529 Background: Medulloblastoma (MB) is a malignant neuroectodermal tumor accounting for 30% of pediatric and only 1% of adult brain tumors. In previous studies comparing survival in pediatric and adult MB from the National Cancer Institute Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) database no difference has been found. However, diagnostic subgroup analyses have been limited. Methods: We examined survival in children (age 0-19) and adults (20-79) coded as MB in the 2018 SEER database (2000-2016). We used Kaplan Meier analysis, log-rank test and Cox proportional hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). MB in SEER-18 is defined as ICD-O-3 histology codes 9470–9474 (n = 1,728). ICD 9473, supratentorial PNET (sPNET, n = 97) is biologically distinct and therefore it was analyzed separately. Results: We found that 5-year survival for MB, excluding sPNET, was similar in children (n = 1,091, 75.3%) and adults (n = 488, 79.1%) (HR = 0.97, CI: 0.79 – 1.17, p = 0.50). Furthermore, subtype analyses showed no survival difference comparing adults and children with desmoplastic nodular MB (n = 222, p = 0.09), large cell MB (n = 73, p = 0.46), or MB NOS (n = 1330, p = 0.10). Yet, children with sPNET had improved 5-year survival (n = 65, 72.3%) compared to adults (n = 29, 51.7%) (HR = 2.0, CI: 1.10 – 3.92; p = 0.02,). These findings indicate that while survival in patients with MB is similar across age groups, children with sPNET have improved outcomes. Conclusions: In summary, 2018 SEER data for MB continue to show no survival difference between adults and children, suggesting adult patients could appropriately be entered on pediatric MB treatment protocols. Further analyses of the 2018 data are ongoing adjusting for sex, race, and treatment (chemotherapy or radiation). For sPNET, the apparent improved outcomes for children merit further detailed investigation and will be re-evaluated using the new 2016 World Health Organization classification.
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Mahajnah, Muhammad, Jacob Genizi, Hazar Zahalka, Ronza Andreus, and Nathanel Zelnik. "Pseudotumor Cerebri Syndrome: From Childhood to Adulthood Risk Factors and Clinical Presentation." Journal of Child Neurology 35, no. 5 (January 13, 2020): 311–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0883073819895179.
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Introduction: Although considered uncommon, pseudotumor cerebri syndrome (PTC) is a significant cause of headache among children and adults. However, the presenting symptoms may be different among diverse age groups. In the present study, we compared the risk factors and clinical presentation of PTC across life—from childhood to adulthood. Methods: A retrospective survey of PTC patients aged 7 years or older between 2011 and 2013 was carried out. Pooled analyses were performed comparing characteristics from our data with those of published data subdivided into 3 age groups: pre-young children, adolescents, and adults. Results: Our cohort consisted of 72 patients: 32 children (10 pre-young children, 22 adolescents) and 40 adults. Within the pre-young children age group: 20% were females versus 82% in the adolescent age group and 85% of the adult age group. Obesity was found in 10% of the young children group, 64% of the adolescents, and 80% of the adults. Headache was reported in 70% young children, 82% adolescents, and 83% adults. Pooled analysis of 1499 patients showed that young children with PTC tend to complain less about headache compared with older ones. Vomiting and visual impairment were most common among adolescents, and dizziness and tinnitus were most common in adults. Conclusion: PTC has different risk factors and clinical presentation throughout life. In young children, there is no gender preference and most patients are not obese. Risk factors in adolescents resemble those of adults.
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Marlow, Robin D., Dora L. B. Wood, and Mark D. Lyttle. "Comparing the usability of paediatric weight estimation methods: a simulation study." Archives of Disease in Childhood 104, no. 2 (July 5, 2018): 121–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2018-314873.
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ObjectiveEstimating weight is essential in order to prepare appropriate sized equipment and doses of resuscitation drugs in cases where children are critically ill or injured. Many methods exist with varying degrees of complexity and accuracy. The most recent version of the Advanced Paediatric Life Support (APLS) course has changed their teaching from an age-based calculation method to the use of a reference table. We aimed to evaluate the potential implications of this change.MethodUsing a bespoke online simulation platform we assessed the ability of acute paediatric staff to apply different methods of weight estimation. Comparing the time taken, rate and magnitude of errors were made using the APLS single and triple age-based formulae, Best Guess and reference table methods. To add urgency and an element of cognitive stress, a time-based competitive component was included.Results57 participants performed a total of 2240 estimates of weight. The reference table was the fastest (25 (22–28) vs 35 (31–38) to 48 (43–51) s) and most preferred, but errors were made using all methods. There was no significant difference in the percentage accuracy between methods (93%–97%) but the magnitude of errors made was significantly smaller using the three APLS formulae 10% (6.5–21) compared with reference table (69% (34–133)) mainly from month/year table confusion.ConclusionIn this exploratory study under psychological stress none of the methods of weight estimation were free from error. Reference tables were the fastest method and also had the largest errors and should be designed to minimise the risk of picking errors.
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Niknam, Ramin, Alireza Salehi, Hossein Molavi Vardanjani, Mohammad Reza Fattahi, Seyed-Mohsen Dehghani, Nasser Honar, Mahmood Haghighat, and Mohammad-Hadi Imanieh. "Different Clinical Features of Celiac Disease in Children, Adolescents, and Adults; a Cross-sectional Study." Middle East Journal of Digestive Diseases 13, no. 2 (May 29, 2021): 121–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/mejdd.2021.215.
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BACKGROUND Celiac disease is a common disorder but there are few studies comparing the clinical features of the disease in adults, adolescents and children. METHODS Demographic and clinical characteristics of all patients with celiac disease referred to the Celiac Clinic were evaluated and compared in different age groups. RESULTS Of 3416 participants, 473 patients were included. 302 (63.8%) were women and 171 (36.2%) were men. Overall, 325 (68.7%) and 411 (86.9%) patients had gastrointestinal (GI) and non-GI manifestations, respectively. The most common symptom in adults was psychiatric problems (66.5%), while abdominal discomfort was the most common symptom in adolescents (45.2%) and children (53.8%). According to age groups, GI manifestations were seen in 79 (66.4%), 119 (59.8%), and 127 (81.9%) children, adolescents, and adults, respectively. Adults had significantly more GI manifestations than the other groups (PR 1.167; 95% CI: 1.094- 1.244; p < 0.001). Non-GI manifestations were seen in 90 (75.6%), 174 (87.4%), and 147 (94.8%) children, adolescents, and adults, respectively. Adults had significantly more non-GI manifestations than the other groups (PR 1.112; 95% CI: 1.060-1.168; p < 0.001). CONCLUSION Our study showed that there were significant differences in the clinical features of celiac disease between the different age groups. Considering these results may help plan for future studies.
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Badcock, N. R., J. G. Spence, and L. M. Stern. "Blood Serotonin Levels in Adults, Autistic and Non-Autistic Children—With a Comparison of Different Methodologies." Annals of Clinical Biochemistry: International Journal of Laboratory Medicine 24, no. 6 (November 1987): 625–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/000456328702400613.
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Recent interest in conditions associated with increased blood serotonin level has highlighted the need for consistency between assay methods to allow for more accurate delineation of serotinin variables. To this end, comparison was made between a spectrofluorimetric technique frequently used in the past and two potentially more specific high performance liquid chromatographic procedures. Normal ranges and diurnal variations for blood serotonin in adults, normal, autistic children and children with developmental dysphasia were also determined. No significant difference was found between serotonin level in blood drawn by simultaneous venepuncture and capillary (fingerprick) collection. Whilst there was no evidence of circadian rhythm, seasonal variation with mean blood serotonin levels significantly lower in summer than in two successive winters was suggested. Blood serotonin values in normal children tended to decline with increasing age. No similar maturational effect was apparent in autistic children. The mean level for autistic children in winter was significantly higher than that for normal children in the same season; despite this there was considerable overlap of blood serotonin levels between normal and autistic groups. Serotonin levels determined by the three different methodologies showed a high correlation but differed significantly: caution should be exercised when comparing blood serotonin results where different methods are employed.
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Utoyo, Arsa Widitiarsa. "Introducing Gamification Methods To High School Student At Bina Nusantara University Alam Sutera." Journal of Games, Game Art, and Gamification 3, no. 1 (October 19, 2021): 30–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/jggag.v3i1.7231.
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Exploration studies in this article highlighted approaches that wearable to increase the value of gamification method to examine the impact of the role of facilitator in the idea of the group. Through the activities, the children of high school/high school were invited as respondents. This activity aimed to stimulate creativity to produce a different settlement with the same results. The presentation material and workshops that used materials of paper and stationeries. Finally, this article outlines recommendations for teaching, learning, and apply gamification in decision making. This method is one of the modern methods of teaching and learning. It starts with forming groups, job descriptions, and the active participation of the students and by comparing the characteristics of the method by the way students learn gamification, the positive effects of this method on the educational attainment of students confirmed. Based on the finding of the study the researcher recommended encouraging faculty members to use gamification strategy in teaching, conducting more studies discussing this strategy and its relation to other variables such as critical thinking, conducting more studies on other samples from different study and age levels and from different environments. Keywords: gamification method, student, creativity, university students
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Dague, Laura, Thomas DeLeire, and Lindsey Leininger. "The Effect of Public Insurance Coverage for Childless Adults on Labor Supply." American Economic Journal: Economic Policy 9, no. 2 (May 1, 2017): 124–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/pol.20150059.
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This study provides plausibly causal estimates of the effect of public insurance coverage on the employment of non-elderly, nondisabled adults without dependent children (“childless adults”). We take advantage of the sudden imposition of an enrollment cap in Wisconsin, comparing the labor supply of enrollees to eligible applicants placed on a waitlist using a regression discontinuity design and difference-in-differences methods. We find enrollment into public insurance leads to sizable and statistically meaningful reductions in employment, with an estimated effect size of just over 5 percentage points, a 12 percent decline. Confidence intervals rule out positive and large negative effects. (JEL G22, H75, I13, I18, I38, J22)
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Young, Donald S., Bruce S. Sachais, and Leigh C. Jefferies. "Comparative Costs of Treating Adults and Children within Selected Diagnosis-related Groups." Clinical Chemistry 48, no. 1 (January 1, 2002): 150–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/48.1.150.
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Abstract Background: There have been no large-scale analyses of resource utilization comparing the overall costs to treat pediatric patients vs adult patients. Likewise, there have been no studies evaluating the costs of the various components of hospitalization (e.g., accommodation, laboratory, radiology, and drugs) among adult and pediatric populations. Methods: To study the effect of age on the costs of treating patients, we have evaluated 43 conditions with matching diagnosis-related groups (DRGs) for children and adults. Using a database developed by the University HealthSystems Consortium, we examined the major non-physician components of hospital costs, including accommodation, surgery, pharmacy, radiology, and laboratory for 1 346 028 patient admissions to 60 University hospitals. These costs were derived from the ratio of costs to charges based on the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services PPS UB-2 cost reports. Results: The total non-physician cost of treating adults was generally greater than that for children within paired DRGs. Some of this difference may be attributable to the overall longer stay of adults in hospital. For conditions that were nominally the same, radiology, laboratory, and drug costs, especially tended to be higher for adults than for children. This was most marked when the costs were evaluated on a per diem basis. There tended to be greater variability in the costs of treating children than adults within the paired DRGs, as evidenced by greater differences between the median and mean costs. Conclusions: Among University hospitals, the costs of managing children are typically less than for adults with the same nominal condition. In these hospitals, there tends to be less use of laboratory, radiology, and pharmacy services for children than for adults.
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Solovieva, Yulia. "Training of Teachers: Difficulties and Proposals in Mexico." Journal of Studies in Education 7, no. 4 (October 29, 2017): 78. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/jse.v7i4.11805.
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According to Vigotskian conception, teaching might be considered as a collective and joint dialectical process. Preschool and school psychological development of children occurs not in spontaneous way, but is directed by adults’ attitudes and actions. Among such actions, concrete actions of children at school occupy the central place. Actions of teachers are based on their conception of psychological development and children’s possibilities. Children never learn alone, but according to orientation and participation of adults. The presence or absence of the knowledge zone of proximate or actual development is crucial for the actions of teachers. From this perspective, it is important to learn about the methods of pedagogical preparation and training of teachers. The situation with such preparation in many countries in general and in Mexico particularly might be described as critical. Cultural and historical conception of human development and the concept of the zone of proximate development, proposed by L.S. Vigotsky is rarely taught and used in practice in traditional pedagogical institutions. Traditional methods of teaching, at all levels, are full of memorization, repetition and reproductive operations. Real and concrete cultural actions are absent both in Pedagogical Institutions and in Schools. The article describes original practice of attempts of organization of non-traditional type of preparation of teachers and to show how they can teach children. Experience in a small private school in the city of Puebla (Mexico) is included. The authors discuss qualitative achievements in teaching and learning based on activity theory and historic-cultural conception of development.
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Seya, Keisuke, Nobuyuki Kobayashi, and Seiko Shirasaka. "Features of a Good Story for Non-Technical Adults to Learn Emerging Technologies." International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET) 15, no. 03 (February 18, 2020): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijet.v15i03.11645.
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The need to learn emerging technologies such as artificial intelligence is increasingly important not only for technical people but also for non-technical people. Previous studies showed the effectiveness of a story-based teaching method for both technical and non-technical people who want to learn emerging technologies. However, the difference between the story-building methods for technical people and non-technical people is not revealed. The purpose of this research is to pro-pose perspectives that reveal the differences in the stories used for emerging technology education and identify the effective story features suited for non-technical adult learners by comparing the different story-building methods used for technical people and non-technical people. In this study, we classified the story types into two perspectives: "past to present" and "present to future" and compared the two story-building methods in these perspectives. The novelty of this research is that the proposal of perspectives that reveal the differences in the stories used for emerging technology education and that we have identified the features of one of the effective stories suited for non-technical adult learners. We al-so examined the possibility of leveraging such differences in solving the issues that a class of non-technical people called conversational programmers is facing.
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Kang, Kyung-Ah, Shin-Jeong Kim, Myung-Nam Lee, Mikang Kim, and Sunghee Kim. "Comparison of Learning Effects of Virtual Reality Simulation on Nursing Students Caring for Children with Asthma." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 13, 2020): 8417. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228417.
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With the global pandemic of the coronavirus disease, virtual reality simulation (vSim) has emerged as a simulation educational method. The purpose of this study is to examine the learning effects of vSim by comparing three different educational modalities of nursing care for children with asthma. A quasi-experimental design with three different teaching methods, vSim, high-fidelity simulation (HFS), and vSim with HFS, were used in the study. The group using vSim with HFS showed the highest scores in knowledge, confidence in practice, and performance compared to groups using vSim or HFS alone. Simulation practice using vSim combined with HFS could be an effective educational method for nursing students.
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Grabauskienė, Vaiva, and Oksana Mockaitytė-Rastenienė. "Signs of Critical Reflection in Mathematical Experiential Learning Contexts." Pedagogika 127, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 54–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.15823/p.2017.39.
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In this article, we analyzed reflections of undergraduate students of Primary school education and also the reflections of gifted primary school children. The reflections were collected in those two subsamples separately, while learning Math in experiential way. For the suitability to observe critical reorganization of mathematical images, the scaling as a subject was chosen.
The process of learning in adults has a feature to encompass the critical reflection approach for the problem solving. The aim of our study was to shed light on differences and similarities between adults and gifted primary school children in mathematical reasoning.
We used the following methods: case study; observation; audio recordings; and qualitative analysis (i. e. content analysis). In whole study, 13 undergraduate students and 16 gifted children from III–IV grades took a part.
The results indicate that the main insights in the mathematical content were made while comparing measurements of different dimensions. The similarities between adults and children were found in how critical reorganization of mathematical images was done. The difference occurred in the extent of reasoning abstraction. Gifted children already at primary school years were able to formulate logical explanations into mathematical rules. However, for the children to make critical reflections, the experiential basis (practice) is obligatory. In contrast, adults used abstract reasoning even in experiential (practical) situations.
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Sato, VAH, IDB Marques, PT Goldenstein, LPF Carmo, LB Jorge, SMO Titan, RT Barros, and V. Woronik. "Lupus nephritis is more severe in children and adolescents than in older adults." Lupus 21, no. 9 (March 26, 2012): 978–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0961203312443421.
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Objective: To evaluate clinicopathological features and treatment response in patients with lupus nephritis (LN), comparing the childhood- and late-onset forms of the disease. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed clinical presentation, treatment and evolution in patients diagnosed with LN by renal biopsy between 1999 and 2008. Patients were grouped by age—≤18 years ( n = 23); and ≥50 years ( n = 13)—and were followed for the first year of treatment. Results: The baseline features of the childhood- and late-onset groups, respectively, were as follows: mean age, 15 ± 2 and 54 ± 5 years; female gender, 87% and 92%; hypertension, 87% and 77%; Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index, 29 ± 9 and 17 ± 7 ( p = 0.002); estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), 86 ± 66 and 70 ± 18 ml/min; concurrent SLE/LN diagnosis, 90% and 15% ( p < 0.001); crescents on biopsy, 74% and 30% ( p = 0.02); activity index on biopsy, 4.8 ± 2.6 and 3.3 ± 1.9 ( p = 0.10); and interstitial fibrosis (>10%), 39% and 61% ( p = 0.08). Treatment consisted mainly of methylprednisolone, prednisone and intravenous cyclophosphamide, average cumulative doses being similar between the groups. After 12 months of treatment, the eGFR in the younger and older patients was 116 ± 62 and 78 ± 20 ml/min, respectively ( p = 0.005). Three of the younger patients progressed to dialysis at 12 months, compared with none of the older patients. Conclusion: Childhood-onset LN seems to be more severe than is late-onset LN.
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BELLISLE, France. "The doubly-labeled water method and food intake surveys: a confrontation." Revista de Nutrição 14, no. 2 (August 2001): 125–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1415-52732001000200006.
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Surveys of food intake in humans, following measurements of energy expenditures in free-living persons, obtained by the doubly-labeled water technique, have been severely questioned in recent years. The present article reviews studies performed in both adults and children, comparing energy intake and expenditures in the same individuals. In adults, reported intake is often insufficient to cover minimal energy needs. The typical level of "under-reporting" is about 20%, and it is even higher in obese subjects. Intake data obtained from children are more valid than data from adults. Different survey methods yield differing degrees of agreement between intake and expenditure measurements using the doubly labeled water technique: frequency questionnaires tend to induce over-reporting, whereas the classical 24 hours recall is very susceptible to large under-reporting. Even obese adults can provide accurate reports of their daily food intake if properly trained and motivated. The interpretation of data obtained with the doubly labeled water method should integrate the considerable day-to-day variations observed in human food intake.
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Carr, Siobhán B., Patricia Ronan, Ava Lorenc, Awais Mian, Susan L. Madge, and Nicola Robinson. "Children and Adults Tai Chi Study (CF-CATS2): a randomised controlled feasibility study comparing internet-delivered with face-to-face Tai Chi lessons in cystic fibrosis." ERJ Open Research 4, no. 4 (October 2018): 00042–2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00042-2018.
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Virtual healthcare is fast entering medical practice. Research into the feasibility of using it to teach treatment regimens such as exercise has not been explored. Maintaining an exercise regime can be difficult in cystic fibrosis: group classes risk potential infection, yet motivation is hard to maintain when alone. Tai Chi is a low-impact exercise and involves gentle, demanding movements. This study aimed to assess the feasibility, safety and acceptability of learning Tai Chi via an internet-based approach and compared patient-reported outcomes.Children and adults with cystic fibrosis were recruited to a randomised, comparative effectiveness trial. Participants learnt eight Tai Chi movements; teaching was delivered in eight lessons over 3 months: delivered either via the internet or face-to-face. Assessments were at 3-monthly intervals over 9 months. Outcomes included health status, quality of life, sleep, mindfulness and instructor-led questions.40 adults and children completed the eight sets of Tai Chi lessons. The median age was 22.8 years (range 6.1–51.5 years); 27 patients were female. The cohort comprised 26 adults (aged >16 years), six teenagers and eight children (aged <12 years). The groups were well matched. Feasibility and safety were demonstrated. Participants showed significant improvements in self-reported sleep, cough (both daytime and night-time), stomach ache and breathing. No differences in lung function, health status, quality of life, sleep or mindfulness was shown before or after completing the lessons.Tai Chi was safe and well tolerated; it was feasible to deliver individual lessons via the internet, reducing concerns regarding cross-infection, and appeared to improve self-reported symptoms.
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Schug, Alison K., Edith Brignoni-Perez, Nasheed Jamal, and Guinevere F. Eden. "11791 Gray matter volume differences in bilingual compared to monolingual children." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 5, s1 (March 2021): 20–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2021.457.
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ABSTRACT IMPACT: This study examines gray matter volume differences resulting from the bilingual experience in children and adults allowing us to better understand the brains of over half of the world’s population that speaks more than one language. OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Literature is mixed regarding a bilingual advantage in executive control (EC). While it has been shown that young adult bilinguals have greater gray matter volume (GMV) than monolinguals in EC regions, there is behavioral evidence that suggests such difference would be more pronounced in children. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: Using SPM12 to test this hypothesis, we used a whole-brain t-test to compare GMV in 35 English-speaking monolingual and 20 Spanish-English early (learned both languages before 6 years old) bilingual children. Next, we submitted both groups of children to an ANOVA with 42 English speaking monolingual and 26 Spanish-English bilingual adults to test for an interaction of Language Experience by Age Group at the level of the whole brain. RESULTS/ANTICIPATED RESULTS: e between-group comparison of bilingual and monolingual children, revealed more GMV in bilingual compared to monolingual children in regions associated with EC (right middle and inferior frontal gyri, superior parietal lobule, and precuneus). Our second analysis, an ANOVA comparing bilingual and monolingual children and adults, revealed an interaction in which bilingual>monolingual GMV in children was greater than any bilingual>monolingual GMV (or bilingual=monolingual GMV) in the adult groups in the right superior parietal lobule (BA1). No regions indicated that bilingual>monolingual GMV was more pronounced in adults. DISCUSSION/SIGNIFICANCE OF FINDINGS: These results provide further evidence for GMV differences in early bilinguals in regions associated with EC and indicate that more GMV differences exist between bilingual and monolingual children than adults.
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Sisman, Yildiray, Tancan Uysal, Fatih Yagmur, and Sabri Ilhan Ramoglu. "Third-Molar Development in Relation to Chronologic Age in Turkish Children and Young Adults." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 1040–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/101906-430.1.
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Abstract Objective: To assess estimation of chronologic age based on the stages of third-molar development following the eight stages (A–H) method of Demirjian et al and to compare third-molar development by sex and age with results of previous studies. Materials and Methods: The final sample consisted of 900 orthopantomograms from young Turkish subjects of known chronologic age (range, 8–25 years; mean age, 15.18 ± 4.81 years) and sex (380 males with a mean age of 14.51 ± 4.55; 520 females with a mean age of 15.67 ± 4.94). Statistical analysis was performed using the Mann-Whitney U-test and the Wilcoxon test between sex and age. Regression analysis was performed to obtain regression formulas for dental age calculation with the chronologic age Results: Statistically significant differences (P < .05) in third-molar development between males and females were revealed regarding the calcification stages D and G. Third-molar genesis was attained earlier in males than in females. Statistical analysis showed a strong correlation between age and third-molar development for males (r2 = .65) and for females (r2 = .61). New equations (Age = 8.92 + 1.50 Development stage) were derived for estimating chronologic age. Conclusion: The use of third molars as a developmental marker is appropriate, especially when comparing the obtained standard deviation with other skeletal age calculation techniques.
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Muñoz, Hernán R., Luis I. Cortínez, Fernando R. Altermatt, and Jorge A. Dagnino. "Remifentanil Requirements during Sevoflurane Administration to Block Somatic and Cardiovascular Responses to Skin Incision in Children and Adults." Anesthesiology 97, no. 5 (November 1, 2002): 1142–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200211000-00018.
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Background The authors found no studies comparing intraoperative requirements of opioids between children and adults, so they determined the infusion rate of remifentanil to block somatic (IR50) and autonomic response (IRBAR50) to skin incision in children and adults. Methods Forty-one adults (aged 20-60 yr) and 24 children (aged 2-10 yr) undergoing lower abdominal surgery were studied. In adults, anesthesia induction was with sevoflurane during remifentanil infusion, whereas in children remifentanil administration was started after induction with sevoflurane. After intubation, sevoflurane was administered in 100% O2 and was adjusted to an ET% of 1 MAC-awake corrected for age at least 15 min before surgery. Patients were randomized to receive remifentanil at a rate ranging from 0.05 to 0.35 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) for at least 20 min before surgery. At the beginning of surgery, only the skin incision was performed, and the somatic and autonomic responses were observed. The somatic response was defined as positive with any gross movement of extremity, and the autonomic response was deemed positive with any increase in heart rate mean arterial pressure equal to or more than 10% of preincision values. Using logistic regression, the IR50 and IRBAR50 were determined in both groups of patients and compared with unpaired Student t test. A P value less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results The IR50 +/- SD was 0.10 +/- 0.02 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in adults and 0.22 +/- 0.03 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in children (P < 0.001). The IRBAR50 +/- SD was 0.11 +/- 0.02 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in adults and 0.27 +/- 0.06 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1) in children (P < 0.001). Conclusions To block somatic and autonomic responses to surgery, children require a remifentanil infusion rate at least twofold higher than adults.
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Gupta, Gunita. "Pedagogy in Theory and Practice." LEARNing Landscapes 14, no. 1 (June 24, 2021): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.36510/learnland.v14i1.1030.
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Pedagogy can be understood as methods and practices of teaching, and/or a way of being with children. In this paper, I use critical exposition and narrative to reflect on Max van Manen’s (2012) theory of pedagogy as a relationship between adults and children. My writing is organized into alternating sections of exposition (theory) and narrative (practice) to illustrate the interplay between thinking and doing that typifies pedagogical relationships, and to demonstrate how pedagogy unfolds in the unpredictable, unexpected, unprecedented, and unique actions each of us perform in the relational events of our being with children.
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Rossi, Maarit. "Mathematics can be meaningful, easy and fun." Lumat: International Journal of Math, Science and Technology Education 3, no. 7 (December 30, 2015): 984–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.31129/lumat.v3i7.981.
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The negative attitudes are easily growing among children when mothers are telling to their daughters they were not good at mathematics or when newspapers’ cartoonist is drawing jokes about bad mathematics memories at school. It seems that the structure of mathematics lessons have not changed during the last decades. Schools seem to put too much attention to mechanical practice and mathematics teaching is too far from student interest and life. By diversifying teaching methods and using technology like adults are using it in everyday life, we can get students engaged to mathematics and change their attitudes positive towards mathematics.
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Leite, Ana Claudia C., Orlando CG Veloso, Clarisse Lopes de Castro Lobo, Raquel VC Oliveira, and Paulo RV Bahia. "TDC Imaging and Atoxic Contrast and Cerebrovascular Lesions in SCD Adults Patients." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4612.4612.
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Abstract Abstract 4612 Silent infarcts have been reported in approximately 20% of children with SCD. The prevalence in SCD adult patients has not been studied previously. METHODS We studied 187 patients (mean age 29 years) Each of these patients underwent a neurological examination, duplex scan of carotids and TCD image with atoxic contrast (micro bubbles). Eighty of these patients were sorted to perform MRI and MRA to study lacunar infarction, encephalomalacia, leukoencephalopathy, Moya Moya syndrome and aneurysm (measured by number and size). RESULTS The overall prevalence of silent infarcts was 52%. Comparing the two methods regarding sensitivity and specificity, obtained respectively 88 and 85%. The positive predictive value of the TCD image with contrast was 80%. There was only one case of intracranial aneurysm, observed by both imaging methods. The other asymptomatic patients with abnormal TCD (low definition of image contrast or absence of flow to TCD image) presented diagnostic criteria of vascular occlusion with secondary collateral (Moya Moya Syndrome). CONCLUSIONS Use of atoxic contrast (micro bubbles) increases the sensitivity of TCD image for diagnosis of intracranial lesions in SCD adults patients, even in asymptomatic individuals, enabling the diagnosis of silent infarcts. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Lagarde, Pauline, Joanna Przybyl, Céline Brulard, Gaëlle Pérot, Gaelle Pierron, Olivier Delattre, Raf Sciot, et al. "Chromosome Instability Accounts for Reverse Metastatic Outcomes of Pediatric and Adult Synovial Sarcomas." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 5 (February 10, 2013): 608–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2012.46.0147.
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Purpose Synovial sarcoma (SS) occurs in both children and adults, although metastatic events are much more common in adults. Whereas the importance of the t(X;18) translocation in SS oncogenesis is well established, the genetic basis of SS metastasis is still poorly understood. We recently reported expression (CINSARC; Complexity Index in Sarcoma) and Genomic Index prognostic signatures related to chromosome integrity in sarcomas and GI stromal tumors. Here we investigate whether these signatures can also predict outcomes in SS. Patients and Methods One hundred patients who had primary untreated SS tumors were selected for expression and genomic profiling in a training/validation approach. Results CINSARC and Genomic Index have strong independent and validated prognostic values (P < .001). By comparing expression profiles of tumors with or without metastasis, 14 genes that are common to the CINSARC signature were identified, and the two top-ranked genes, KIF14 and CDCA2, were validated as prognostic markers in an independent cohort. Comparing genomic profiles of adult versus pediatric SS, we show that metastasis is associated with genome complexity in both situations and that the adult genome is more frequently rearranged. Accordingly, pediatric patients with an even genomic profile do not develop metastasis. Conclusion Metastasis development in SS is strongly associated with chromosome complexity, and CINSARC and Genomic Index are validated independent prognostic factors. The differences in metastasis frequency between adults and children are associated with genome instability, which is much more frequent in adults. Genomic Index is potentially the best overall biomarker and clearly the most clinically relevant, considering that genome profiling from formalin-fixed samples is already used in pathology.
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Santiago, Flávio, and Ana Lúcia Goulart de Faria. "Theatrical Scrawls. The Aesthetic Creations of Young Girls and Young Boys Scribble the Scene." Rivista Italiana di Educazione Familiare 19, no. 2 (December 23, 2021): 169–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/rief-11396.
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The paper discusses the purpose of early childhood theater, as a possibility to establish horizontal relationships between children and adults. The article thus explores the potential solutions offered by the aesthetic movement of the arts, in the creation of “theatrical scribbles” by tiny young children. In this paper, it is highlighted the training work carried out by the theater Company “La Baracca” together with Early Childhood Education and Care (ECEC) educators from Bologna, Italy. Much emphasis it is also given to how imaginative approaches through arts are proposed, thus shaping new ways of being an educator, without making use of formal teaching methods.
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Dégboé, Bérénice, Félix Atadokpèdé, Christabelle Nguessie, Alida Kouassi, Nadège Elégbédé, Nina Maffo, Fabrice Akpadjan, and Hugues Adégbidi. "Comorbidities and Environmental Factors Associated with Atopic Dermatitis in Children and Adults in Dermatology-Venereology in Cotonou, Benin." Dermatology Research and Practice 2021 (November 24, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/1502721.
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Introduction. The objective of this work was to document the comorbidities and environmental factors associated with atopic dermatitis (AD) in dermatology Venereology in Cotonou. Methods. A cross-sectional, prospective, and analytical study included, from January 2016 to December 2018, in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the National Teaching Hospital Hubert Koutoukou Maga (CNHU-HKM) of Cotonou, children and adults after free and informed consent, in whom the diagnosis of AD was retained according to the criteria of the United Kingdom Working Party. Severity was assessed using SCORAD (severity scoring of atopic dermatitis). Results. The overall prevalence of AD was 7.7%. AD was more frequent in children (56.8% and 40.6%) and adults (59.8% and 37.4%) from urban and periurban areas (0.003 < p < 0.034 ). It was more frequent in children who regularly dewormed and those with complete vaccination (0.001 < p < 0.01 ). In 54.8% of children and 58.9% of adults, flare-ups occurred during the warm season. The main associated comorbidities were rhinitis and conjunctivitis in both children (49.7% and 36.1%, respectively) and adults (32.7% and 26.2%, respectively). The main triggering factors in children were heat (43.2%), pneumallergens (28.4%), and skin irritants (22.6%). In adults, we noted skin irritants (58.9%), heat (47.7%), and psychological factors (34.6%). In adults, the use of detergent soaps was associated with lichenified and severe AD (0.003 < p < 0.006 ) and that of lightening soaps with acute AD ( p = 0.042 ). Conclusion. AD in the Dermatology-Venereology Department of the CNHU-HKM of Cotonou was associated with comorbidities. It was influenced by environmental factors related to the tropical climate and by skin irritants or allergens.
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Puja, Dr, D. C. Dhasmana, Saurabh Kohli, and Vipin Chander. "Pattern of analgesic use in hospitalized children at a pediatric general ward in a tertiary care teaching hospital." Journal of Drug Delivery and Therapeutics 9, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 199–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.22270/jddt.v9i1.2215.
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Background: analgesic use is common in adults but their use in children has not been extensively studied. This observational study was envisaged to study prevalence and pattern of analgesic use in hospitalized children in pediatric general ward.
Methods: 120 patients were included in the study. Disease was classified as per ICD-10 and medicines used were classified according to ATC classification. WHO indicators for rationality was used. Descriptive statistics was used to present the data i.e. percentage; proportions, frequency, mean and standard deviation using Microsoft excel worksheet.
Result: A total of 791 drugs from different classes were prescribed to 120 patients with a mean of 6.6 + 2.68 drugs described per patient during their stay in the hospital. 81 analgesics were prescribed. 25 were prescribed as fixed dose combination. Paracetamol was the most commonly prescribed non steroidal anti-inflammatory agent.
Keywords: analgesics, children, fixed dose combinations
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Agustian, Agustian. "Learning Outcomes of Chinese Language Training for Binus University Employees." Humaniora 7, no. 1 (January 30, 2016): 54. http://dx.doi.org/10.21512/humaniora.v7i1.3488.
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This article discussed about the results of learning Chinese language for BINUS University employees. Learning method for adults and children are different, thus required teaching material and method that suit them. The aim of this research was to find out results of learning Chinese language through the material and teaching method used during training. The methods were descriptive qualitative, direct observation as trainer and collects participant test results as research data. The results show that teaching material is appropriate, however it needs to add review part. Direct method are used during the training makes the participants use Chinese language in daily conversation to achieve the goal of training. Indeed, it needs to strengthen mastery of participants’ basic Mandarin through explanation about using the vocabulary and adding the classroom activities.
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Simanis, Raimonds, Sandra Lejniece, Arturs Sochnevs, Jelena Eglite, Gunta Chernevska, Zhanna Kovalova, Dace Gardovska, Agita Jeruma, Velga Kuse, and Ludmila Viksna. "Natural clearance of hepatitis C virus in hemophilia patients." Medicina 44, no. 1 (June 26, 2007): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina44010003.
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Objective. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HCV (hepatitis C virus) infection in hemophilia patients in Latvia and to analyze association between natural clearance of HCV and human leukocyte antigen (HLA) class II genes. Material and methods. From 61 hemophilic patients participating in this study, 38 were adults and 23 were pediatric patients younger than 18 years. To analyze association between HLA class II alleles and natural clearance of HCV, the gene frequency was compared in hemophilia patients group and the control group of 60 healthy subjects, all men. Serum HCV RNA was qualitatively determined and HLA class II alleles were identified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method. Results. HCV infection is common among hemophilia patients in Latvia. Antibodies to HCV were found in 45 of 61 (74%) hemophilia patients. In 41% of hemophilia patients (18 of 44), HCV infection resolved spontaneously. Children cleared HCV more frequently than adults (7 of 11 comparing to 11 of 33, respectively; OR=3.50; P<0.05). The frequency difference was found to be statistically significant when comparing HLA alleles distribution in the sample of hemophilia patients who naturally cleared HCV (n=18) and in the control group (n=60) (corresponding frequency of HLA-DRB1*07 allele – 4 (11.11%) and 9 (1.67%); OR=7.38; P<0.05). Conclusions. Natural clearance of HCV infection is frequently found in hemophilia patients in Latvia. Children are more likely to clear virus naturally than adults. There is an association between natural clearance of HCV and HLA allele DRB1*07 in hemophilia patients.
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An, Ruopeng, Sharon M. Nickols-Richardson, Naiman Khan, Jianxiu Liu, Ruidong Liu, and Caitlin Clarke. "Impact of Beef and Beef Product Intake on Cognition in Children and Young Adults: A Systematic Review." Nutrients 11, no. 8 (August 3, 2019): 1797. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081797.
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(1) Background: Undernutrition and micronutrient deficiency have been consistently linked to cognitive impairment among children and young adults. As a primary source of dietary animal protein, beef consumption holds the potential to improve diet quality and positively influence cognitive function. This study systematically reviewed evidence linking beef intake to cognition among children and young adults. (2) Methods: A literature search was conducted in seven electronic bibliographic databases for studies assessing the impact of beef consumption on cognition. (3) Results: We identified eight studies reporting results from five unique interventions. Two interventions were conducted in Kenya, two in the U.S. and one in four countries including Guatemala, Pakistan, Democratic Republic of the Congo and Zambia. Only one intervention employed a non-feeding control arm and found beef consumption to improve cognitive abilities compared to the control. However, the other interventions comparing beef consumption to other food types found no consistent result. (4) Conclusions: Evidence pertaining to the impact of beef consumption on cognition remains limited due to the small and heterogeneous set of studies. Future research should adopt a population representative sample and longer follow-up period, employ a non-feeding control arm and comprehensively measure nutrient intakes among study participants.
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Boonsem, Aungkana, and Thongchai Chaoensupmanee. "Determining the Factors of Teaching Effectiveness for Physical Education." International Education Studies 13, no. 3 (February 18, 2020): 43. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ies.v13n3p43.
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The development and maintenance of a physically active lifestyle and the promotion of health-related physical fitness have become two important components of the national standards for physical education. Physical education is one of the important aspects of the educational and teaching processes. This study was designed to determine the factors of teaching effectiveness for physical education by comparing the opinions of students on teaching courses of King Mongkut’s University of Technology, Thonburi with the totals of six aspects: (1) the purposes of Physical Education learning; (2) content and Physical Education programs; (3) teaching methods and teaching activities; (4) the personality aspects of Physical Education instructors; (5) equipment and facilities; and (6) assessment and evaluation. The sample included 1,000 students, with 558 male students and 442 female students, selected using the stratified random sampling method and divided into groups based on gender and types of sports. The results of the study showed that the highest percentage for the overall development of teaching physical education were the personalities of Physical Education instructors (59.18%) and the lowest percentage for measurement and evaluation had the lowest percentage (45.53%). The comparison between male and female students found that the course content and curriculum were at a minimal percentage for male students (45.42%), while the teaching methods and activities for female students (46.81%). Physical education specialists served as an important force in providing health-enhancing physical education for children and adolescents, as they are more effective than classroom teachers in promoting moderate to vigorous physical activity.
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Razorenova, A. M., V. V. Skavronskaya, N. B. Tyulenev, A. M. Rytikova, and B. V. Chernyshev. "Can learning new words in auditory modality lead to rapid cortical plasticity in adults." Современная зарубежная психология 9, no. 2 (2020): 46–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2020090204.
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A stable relation between words and referent objects or events underlies human language. One of the most fundamental questions is how brain processes new words in order to form new lexical items. The answer to such questions will bring significant breakthrough in multiple fields, ranging from methods of language teaching and speech correction programs for children with late development to clinical rehabilitation of patients with speech impairments and neurophysiological functional tests of language network. This review presents the current state of Russian and foreign studies dedicated to new words learning in auditory modality. We tried to consider all varieties of techniques and paradigms in the field. Equal attention is paid both to studies of the phonological processing of a word (recognition of a phonetic pattern), and to works which consider the ways in which word acquire semantics. We discuss experiments carried out with an aid of such neuroimaging methods as fMRI, EEG / MEG, etc.
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Al-Holou, Wajd N., Thomas M. O'Lynnger, Aditya S. Pandey, Joseph J. Gemmete, B. Gregory Thompson, Karin M. Muraszko, Hugh J. L. Garton, and Cormac O. Maher. "Natural history and imaging prevalence of cavernous malformations in children and young adults." Journal of Neurosurgery: Pediatrics 9, no. 2 (February 2012): 198–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.11.peds11390.
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Object This study was undertaken to define the age-related prevalence of cavernous malformations (CMs) in children and young adults undergoing intracranial imaging. In addition, the authors aim to clarify the natural history of CMs in young people, especially in those with incidentally discovered lesions. Methods To identify those patients with CMs, the authors retrospectively reviewed the electronic medical records of 14,936 consecutive patients 25 years of age or younger who had undergone brain MR imaging. In patients with a CM, clinical and imaging data were collected. Patients with untreated cavernomas who had more than 6 months of clinical and MR imaging follow-up were included in a natural history analysis. The natural history analysis included 110 CMs in 56 patients with a 3.5-year mean clinical follow-up interval (199 patient-years and 361 cavernoma-years). Results In 92 patients (0.6%), 164 CMs were identified. The imaging prevalence of cavernomas increased with advancing age (p = 0.002). Multiple CMs occurred in 28 patients (30%), and 8 patients (9%) had a family history of multiple CMs. Fifty patients (54%) presented with symptoms related to the cavernoma, of whom 30 presented with hemorrhage (33%). Of the 164 cavernomas identified, 103 (63%) were considered incidental, asymptomatic lesions. Larger size was associated with acute symptomatic presentation (p = 0.0001). During the follow-up interval, 6 patients with 8 cavernomas developed 11 symptomatic hemorrhages after initial identification. Five of the patients who had a hemorrhage during the follow-up interval had initially presented with hemorrhage, while only 1 had presented incidentally. The hemorrhage rate for all patients in the natural history group was 1.6% per patient-year and 0.9% per cavernoma-year. The hemorrhage rate was 8.0% per patient-year in the symptomatic group versus 0.2% in the incidental group. Symptomatic hemorrhage after long-term follow-up was associated with initial acute presentation (p = 0.02). Conclusions The imaging prevalence of CM increases with advancing age during childhood. Patients presenting without hemorrhage have a significantly lower risk of bleeding compared with those who present with acute neurological symptoms. Comparing this series of children to prior analyses of CM natural history in adults, the authors' data do not suggest a higher bleeding risk in younger patients.
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Barrio-Barrio, Jesús, Elvira Bonet-Farriol, Marta Galdós, Susana Noval, Victoria Pueyo, Charles E. Breeze, Jose Luis Santos, Belén Alfonso-Bartolozzi, Sergio Recalde, and Ana Patiño-García. "HGF-rs12536657 and Ocular Biometric Parameters in Hyperopic Children, Emmetropic Adolescents, and Young Adults: A Multicenter Quantitative Trait Study." Journal of Ophthalmology 2019 (February 3, 2019): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/7454250.
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Introduction. Even though ocular refractive state is highly heritable and under strong genetic control, the identification of susceptibility genes remains a challenge. Several HGF (hepatocyte growth factor) gene variants have been associated with ocular refractive errors and corneal pathology. Purpose. Here, we assess the association of an HGF gene variant, previously reported as associated with hyperopia, and ocular biometric parameters in a multicenter Spanish cohort. Methods. An observational prospective multicenter cross-sectional study was designed, including a total of 403 unrelated subjects comprising 188 hyperopic children (5 to 17 years) and 2 control groups: 52 emmetropic adolescents (13 to 17 years) and 163 emmetropic young adults (18 to 28 years). Each individual underwent a comprehensive eye examination including cycloplegic refraction, and topographic and ocular biometric analysis. Genomic DNA was extracted from oral swabs. HGF single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs12536657 was genotyped. Genotypic, allelic, and logistic regression analyses were performed comparing the different groups. A quantitative trait association test analyzing several biometric parameters was also performed using generalized estimating equations (GEEs) adjusting for age and gender. Results. No association between rs12536657 and hyperopia was found through gender-adjusted logistic regression comparing the hyperopic children with either of the two control groups. Significant associations between mean topographic corneal curvature and rs12536657 for G/A (slope = +0.32; CI 95%: 0.04–0.60; p=0.023) and A/A (slope = +0.76; CI 95%: 0.12–1.40; p=0.020) genotypes were observed with the age- and gender-adjusted univariate GEE model. Both flat and steep corneal topographic meridians were also significantly associated with rs12536657 for the G/A and A/A genotypes. No association was found between rs12536657 and any other topographic or biometric measurements. Conclusions. Our results support a possible role for HGF gene variant rs12536657 in corneal curvature in our population. To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter quantitative trait association study of HGF genotypes and ocular biometric parameters comprising a pediatric cohort.
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Simpson, Ewurabena, Richard Ward, Melanie Kirby, and Isaac Odame. "Comparing Patterns for Transitioning the Care of Young Adults with Sickle Cell Disease Versus Hemophilia: The Toronto Experience." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 2072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.2072.2072.
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Abstract Abstract 2072 Background: The Hospital for Sick Children (HSC) in Toronto, Canada cares for more than 700 children with sickle cell disease (SCD), which is the largest Canadian population of children with SCD. Since 2009, the SCD Program at HSC has partnered with adult hematologists within the Red Blood Cell Disorders program at Toronto General Hospital (TGH) to develop a coordinated strategy for transitioning the care of young adults with SCD. Hemophilia is a chronic hematological condition which, like SCD, has a spectrum of disease severity that requires multidisciplinary follow up. At HSC, we care for nearly 200 patients with hemophilia A and B and have a long-established partnership with adult hematologists, which has led to an effective transfer of patients with hemophilia into adult care. In Ontario, adult health providers are remunerated according to a fee-for-service billing schedule. In contrast, pediatric subspecialists are mainly salaried under an alternate funding plan. Until 2010, adult hematologists who provided medical care for individuals with hemophilia received a significantly higher pay scale than those who cared for individuals with SCD. This was changed in July 2010 so that adult hematologists receive commensurate remuneration for services rendered for both hemophilia- and SCD-related medical care. Objectives: 1. To compare the patterns for transitioning patients of varying disease severity within the pediatric and adult SCD and hemophilia programs in Toronto, Ontario. 2. To identify barriers and enablers that have influenced the transition of young adults with SCD within a universal health care system. Methods: Data for active, transitioned and inactive patients in the HSC and TGH clinical programs are maintained in a database at HSC. These patient numbers were gathered according to sickle cell genotype. Similar data were available for hemophilia patients who were transitioned from HSC to adult care. Chi-square analyses were used to compare the proportions of patients in the sickle cell and hemophilia programs that were transitioned between 2009 and 2011. Results: Conclusion: The HSC-TGH- partnership has significantly reduced the number of youth with SCD who continue to be followed at HSC or are lost to follow up. However, a significant number of young adults within the HSC SCD program still need to be transitioned to adult care. For the sustainable expansion of this transitional care strategy, health policymakers must collaborate with tertiary and community level health care providers to develop a coordinated and distributed strategy for the effective delivery of comprehensive health care services for young adults with SCD. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Yafie, Evania, Olusola-Fadumiye Titilope Olufunke, Manal Ali, Inayatur Robbaniyah, Lisa Nur Maulidia, and Diana Setyaningsih. "The Combination of Imaginative Teaching Methods and Multimedia Learning in Early Childhood Education during COVID Pandemic: Social-Emotional and Language Development." AL-ATHFAL: JURNAL PENDIDIKAN ANAK 7, no. 1 (May 27, 2021): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.14421/al-athfal.2021.71-01.
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The purpose of this study was to identify whether there is an increase in social-emotional and language aspects’ enhancement through the combination of imaginative teaching methods and multimedia learning that the teacher carried out. This study is based on the impact of the viral pandemic, limiting learning activities and social relationships between children and peers, which can further impact children's socio-emotional and language aspects. However, teachers can overcome impact by providing appropriate stimulation to children through learning strategies, i.e., by combining imaginative methods and multimedia learning. The is a quantitative study that applies the pre-experimental design method. The model applied through this research was in the form of a pretest-posttest group which was carried out by comparing the emotional abilities of children before and after being given treatment in the form of a combination of imaginative processing methods and multimedia learning. The sampling technique used purposive sampling where the research subjects were in their early childhood, aged 5-6 years. The reliability testing results obtained a value of 0.893 for social-emotional development and 0.821 for language development, which means high reliability. The normality test is carried out using the Kolmogorov Smirnov test showing a value of 0.347 for social-emotional development and 0.527 for language development; this indicates that the data have a normal distribution because they have a value above 0.05. The t-test results show that all t count> t-table and all sig values are 0.000 <0.05. Therefore, the combination of imaginative learning methods and multimedia learning improves language social-emotional aspects effectively. The results of this study contribute to understanding for teachers and school institutions to better utilize information and communication technology in optimizing child development.
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Almaramihi, Waad, Jumana Alzuhayri, Aisha Binafif, Aseel Abulaban, Duaa Bawazeer, and Mohammed Qari. "Distribution of Predisposing Factors for Venue Thromboembolism in a Teaching Hospital." International Journal of Innovative Research in Medical Science 7, no. 03 (March 19, 2022): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.23958/ijirms/vol07-i03/1374.
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Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) are includes both Deep Venus thrombosis (DVT) and Pulmonary Embolism (PE). This study aimed to utilize the causes of VTE and show the demographic data of the patients and effectiveness of treatment of anticoagulant in a teaching hospital in Saudi Arabia. Methods: A retrospective cross sectional study was conducted among KAUH hematology department. This study was approved by the Unit of biomedical ethics of medicine at king Abdulaziz university hospital (KAUH). Target sample included children, adolescent, young adults, adults and geriatrics. Both genders, who diagnosed with VTE. To assess the distribution of predisposing factors. Result: A total of 84 patients diagnosed with VTE, the mean age was 52.73 ± 20.29 years. Female patient constituted of total patients 58.3% (49 cases) were male 41.7% (34 cases) majority of cases were cancer related. Other predisposing factors were hematological malignancies followed by cardiovascular diseases, postoperative patients and immobilization. Half of the sample showed improvement 42 (50%), the most frequently used therapeutic anticoagulation drugs in VTE patients were Warfarin, Enoxaparin and UFH, while the frequency rates were 73, 55 and 41, respectively. Conclusions: In summary, female and geriatrics are at significant risk for VTE more than the others. Majority of the study participants were diagnosed with cancer. The main types were colon cancer, breast, liver and lung cancer. The mortality rate was higher for patients with cancer associated DVT, on the other hand, about half of the patients showed an improvement and full recovery.
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A, Jimenez, Tran TM, Le B, and Le J. "Comparative Cross-Sectional Pharmacovigilance Study of Medication Errors in Children and Adults in Community-Based Hospitals." Asploro Journal of Pediatrics and Child Health 2, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.36502/2020/asjpch.6150.
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Objective: To compare medication errors that reached pediatric and adult patients during hospitalization. Methods: Observational, non-experimental, cross-sectional study from January 2011 to March 2015 at two community-based, teaching hospitals. Results: Over a 4-year period, there were 4.2 and 13.3 million doses dispensed in pediatrics and adults, respectively. Less than 0.25% of doses dispensed contributed to medication errors, with 9.6% of these medication errors reaching patients and 0.04% causing harm. There was no statistical difference in medication error rates based on doses dispensed, patient-days, admission rate, and severity. However, significantly more errors in the documentation and prescribing processes occurred in adults (21.9% vs 6.5% and 37.4% vs 29.8% respectively, p<.001) versus administration in pediatrics (42.5 vs 29.8% in adults, p <0.001). Errors in drug administration that occurred in pediatrics consisted of infusion devices, incorrect dose, the omission of medication, and time of administration. Pediatrics had higher medication errors related to electrolytes and total parenteral nutrition. Independent of age, there were more medication errors that caused harm in patients residing in the intensive care unit (5.5% of 769 vs 3.5% of 2800 patients, respectively, p =0.006). Conclusion: While the prevalence of medication errors that reached patients and caused harm were similar between adults and pediatrics, the types of errors within the medication use process, class of drugs, and severity of the mediation errors varied between the groups. Given these differences, it is quintessential to develop population-specific medication safety programs aimed at addressing the needs of pediatric patients to enhance safe medication use.
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SağıroÄŸlu, Necmi, and Huseyin Uzunboylu. "Analysis of the published articles related to autism in Turkey: A model proposal for students." International Journal of Special Education and Information Technologies 4, no. 1 (November 30, 2018): 14–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.18844/jeset.v4i1.4105.
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In this study, we aimed to the revision of the articles written about autism studies conducted in Turkey. In this study, the survey study was conducted on the studies on development, education, care, teaching methods of children with autism and the studies related to the family. 93 articles were reviewed and 20 of them could not be reached. As a result of the research conducted using the document analysis technique, the articles reached are categorized according to their subjects. Studies; children's skills training (9 studies), family and family views (15 studies), studies on the comparison of children with autism with children with normal needs (3 studies), studies on fusion in autistic children (3 studies), studies related to autism description (14 studies) and studies on the effectiveness of programs and methods related to autism (29 studies) were examined in six categories. Information on the studies of the articles in each category is given. According to the findings obtained from the study, it was concluded that the most studied areas were studies on the effectiveness of the programs and methods related to Autism, and that the studies on comparing autistic children with children with normal needs were not sufficient and a model proposal for students with autism was presented..
Keywords: Skill training, State description, Inclusion, Autism
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Osipova, Margarita B., and Anna G. Samokhvalova. "PSYCHOLOGICAL AND ACMEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF COGNITIVE RESOURCES IN OLDER PRESCHOOL CHILDREN TO OVERCOME COMMUNICATIVE DIFFICULTIES." Vestnik Kostroma State University. Series: Pedagogy. Psychology. Sociokinetics, no. 2 (2020): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2073-1426-2020-26-2-79-85.
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The article actualises the problem of the development of cognitive resources of the personality of a child of a senior preschool age as a factor in constructive overcoming variative communicative difficulties; psychological and acmeological conditions necessary for the development of cognitive resources of preschool children are considered. Using a set of diagnostic methods, the levels of communicative development of preschoolers were identified, communicative difficulties typical of situations of communication with peers and adults were determined. It is concluded that in older preschool age, contentive and reflective communicative difficulties most often arise due to a lack of knowledge, inability to plan, structure, rebuild and analyse their own communicative actions. In addition, often the child alone cannot overcome the difficulties arising in communication due to the limited supply of cognitive resources that allow it to analyse and constructively solve the difficult task of interpersonal interaction. The authors’ programme aimed at implementing the psychological and acmeological conditions for the development of cognitive resources and the communicative competency of preschool children is presented. The effectiveness of the implementation of this programme is confirmed statistically. In conclusion, the authors conclude that it is necessary to purposefully develop the prerequisites for universal learning actions in older preschool children; the organisation of systematic psychological work with parents aimed at teaching them methods and methods for developing children’s cognitive abilities and facilitating overcoming communicative difficulties; the development of subjective qualities of preschoolers and subject-subject relations with peers and adults.