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Koike, Takafumi, Michio Oikawa, and Kei Utsugi. "Moire Reduction Methods for Integral Videography." Journal of The Institute of Image Information and Television Engineers 61, no. 6 (2007): 814–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3169/itej.61.814.
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Skoglund, Annika, David Redmalm, and Karin Berglund. "Videography – studying ethical uncertainty in alternative entrepreneurship." Society and Business Review 15, no. 4 (November 19, 2020): 305–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sbr-06-2019-0087.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to develop videographic methods for the study of alternative entrepreneurship, with a theoretical focus on “ethical uncertainties”, exemplified in this paper by the exploration of evolving actions and unpredictable outcomes in a specific case, the Hungarian company Prezi. Design/methodology/approach By first situating Prezi’s alternative entrepreneurship in the turbulent Hungarian political context and situation for the Roma population, this study presents how the methodological foundations of organizational videography have affirmed aesthetic immersion, which is of particular use for the study of ethical uncertainty. Findings Following a methodological exploration of the specific research design and ethnographic reflections on three ways in which ethical uncertainties arise, this study discusses the videographic possibilities to study something as elusive as ethical uncertainty and its link to alternative futures. Originality/value The political context in Hungary poses many challenges for organizations that attempt to “do good” and create alternative futures. This paper explains how this political context permeates Prezi’s entrepreneurship and research thereof, by highlighting “ethical uncertainty”. The combined contribution (paper and videography) invites the reader to think differently about the authority of research, become a viewer and reflect on their own experiences of ethical uncertainty in alternative entrepreneurship.
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Woznica, Marcel. "Videographie im Wandel." Qualitative Online-Forschung. Methodische und methodologische Herausforderungen 21, no. 1-2020 (July 8, 2020): 53–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/zqf.v21i1.04.
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Im vorliegenden Beitrag wird ein videographisches Forschungsdesign vorgestellt und auf das populäre Augmented Reality (AR) Mobile Game Pokémon GO angewendet. Dabei wird herausgearbeitet, wie ein mediatisiertes Phänomen methodisch untersucht werden kann, welches sich vor allem durch seine kleinteiligen, an die Spiel- und/oder Alltagsrealität gerichteten Interaktionsformen sowie seine flüchtige Spielpraxis auszeichnet. Es wird eine phänomenologische und dramatologische Perspektive eingenommen, um eben diese methodischen Kernprobleme herauszuarbeiten. Das Datenmaterial, das mit einer mobilen GoPro Kamera erhoben wurde, wird mit Hilfe der (sequenzanalytischen) Rahmenanalyse (Goffman 1977) ausgewertet. Bei der Vorstellung der Ergebnisse kommt das Konzept der synthetischen Situation (Knorr-Cetina 2009) zur Anwendung und wird um den Aspekt des mediatisierten Alltagsraumes und seiner interaktiven und körperlich-performativen Herstellung erweitert.
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Tathawee, Thanaban, Wandee Wattanachaiyingcharoen, Anantachai Suwannakom, and Surisak Prasarnpun. "Flash communication pattern analysis of fireflies based on computer vision." International Journal of Advances in Intelligent Informatics 6, no. 1 (March 31, 2020): 60. http://dx.doi.org/10.26555/ijain.v6i1.367.
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Previous methods for detecting the flashing behavior of fireflies were using either a photomultiplier tube, a stopwatch, or videography. Limitations and problems are associated with these methods, i.e., errors in data collection and analysis, and it is time-consuming. This study aims to applied a computer vision approach to reduce the time of data collection and analysis as compared to the videography methods by illuminance calculation, time of flash occurrence, and optimize the position coordinate automatically and tracking each firefly individually. The Validation of the approach was performed by comparing the flashing data of male fireflies, Sclerotia aquatilis that was obtained from the analysis of the behavioral video. The pulse duration, flash interval, and flash patterns of S. aquatilis were similar to a reference study. The accuracy ratio of the tracking algorithm for tracking multiple fireflies was 0.94. The time consumption required to analyze the video decreased up to 96.82% and 76.91% when compared with videography and the stopwatch method, respectively. Therefore, this program could be employed as an alternative technique for the study of fireflies flashing behavior.
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Ueba, Tetsuya, Masakazu Okawa, Hiroshi Abe, Masani Nonaka, Mitsutoshi Iwaasa, Toshio Higashi, Tooru Inoue, and Koichi Takano. "Identification of venous sinus, tumor location, and pial supply during meningioma surgery by transdural indocyanine green videography." Journal of Neurosurgery 118, no. 3 (March 2013): 632–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2012.11.jns121113.
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Object Indocyanine green (ICG) videography is commonly used in the neurosurgical field for minimally invasive neurosurgery. The aim of this study was to evaluate a new intraoperative imaging modality by performing transdural ICG videography during surgery for meningiomas. Methods Between March 2011 and April 2012, 10 patients with meningiomas received intravenous injection of 12.5 mg ICG just prior to dural opening. The cases comprised 8 convexity meningiomas and 2 foramen magnum meningiomas. Efficacy of the transdural ICG videography was assessed in terms of the tumor volume, the circulation time from the first appearance of the vessel to the appearance of the venous sinus, the tendency to bleed, and the discrimination of the venous sinus. Results The mean tumor volume was 71.6 ± 87.9 ml (the mean is expressed ± SD throughout). The cortical arteries, veins, and the venous sinus were identified by the ICG videography transdurally. The projection of the meningiomas was identified by a shadow (which the authors call the eclipse sign). Total eclipse signs were obtained in 8 cases and partial eclipse signs were obtained in 2 cases; tumor volume in the latter was more than 200 ml. In 5 of 10 cases the adjacent venous sinuses were exposed and were successfully visualized by ICG videography in 5.92 ± 1.05 seconds from the first appearance of the vessel. In 5 of 10 cases the total and the partial eclipse signs were diminished in 3.46 ± 1.31 seconds. The diminishment of the total and the partial eclipse sign was earlier than the visualization of the venous sinus (p = 0.011, t-test), revealing bleeding from the tumor that was observed until coagulation of the feeding arteries from the intracranial arteries. Conclusions Prior to opening of the dura mater, transdural ICG videography was used successfully to visualize the dural attachment of meningiomas and the venous sinus, resulting in safe and appropriate dural opening. The diminishment of the total and partial eclipse signs may represent significant feeding from the intracranial arteries and a tendency to bleed during resection.
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Koike, Takafumi, Kei Utsugi, and Michio Oikawa. "Moiré-reduction methods for integral videography autostereoscopic display with color-filter LCD." Journal of the Society for Information Display 18, no. 9 (2010): 678. http://dx.doi.org/10.1889/jsid18.9.678.
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Merchant, Stephanie. "The Body and the Senses: Visual Methods, Videography and the Submarine Sensorium." Body & Society 17, no. 1 (March 2011): 53–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1357034x10394670.
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Webster, Cynthia M., Richard Seymour, and Kate Daellenbach. "“Behind Closed Doors”: opportunity identification through observational research." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 13, no. 1 (January 19, 2010): 24–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/13522751011013954.
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PurposeTo thrive in today's competitive marketplace, businesses constantly need to search for opportunities to develop and be tuned into consumers as innovators. With this in mind, the purpose of this paper is to further understandings of the ways in which consumers transform ordinary products to serve their everyday needs; and broaden appreciation of the role observational research plays in opportunity identification.Design/methodology/approachA hermeneutic approach to observational research is adopted, incorporating both subjective personal introspection (SPI) and videography to discover one family's unusual usage behaviours.FindingsAnalysis, following Holbrook's typology of consumer value, reveals examples of innovative behaviours for the four active consumer value types of efficiency, status, play and ethics, while identification of the reactive value types of aesthetics, esteem, excellence and spirituality proves more difficult.Research limitations/implicationsThis research suggests alternative approaches for future research into opportunity identification, making use of videography and SPI. Moreover, the current work emphasises that innovation and the creative require consideration of the relational rather than just self‐seeking behaviours, needs or events.Originality/valueThis paper illustrates two research methods infrequently used, SPI and videography, positioning both as valuable tools for opportunity identification.
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Knoblauch, Hubert, and Bernt Schnettler. "Video and Vision." Journal of Contemporary Ethnography 44, no. 5 (May 28, 2015): 636–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0891241615587379.
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In this article, we sketch the field of qualitative video-analysis and locate videography within this. Instead of presenting the methods of videography formally, we illustrate the application of this method in a particular field: Marian apparitions occurring in a German town in 1999, captured live on video. The presentation of the method in this paper follows a general methodological structure. (1) We first outline the ethnographic context of the setting in which the video-recordings were made. This context includes actors, religious associations, and locations as well as some aspects of the apparitional events’ historical genesis. (2) We then turn to look at the performance of the Marian vision as recorded in the video. By applying sequential analysis, we roughly identify a temporal order to the event, which exhibits an interesting deviation from earlier forms of apparitions due to the way it takes a subjectively “spiritual” form. This finding leads us to finally (3) address the role of the subjective perspective that, as we argue, is a further essential dimension of videography. It is on this level that we are made aware of the relevance of the life-world as a methodological background for the kind of interpretive social science that takes the actor’s perspective into account.
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Chaudhary, Jyoti, Sanket Agarkar, Ravindra Manerikar, and Jayesh Rahalkar. "Comparison between Still Photography and Videography for Smile Analysis." APOS Trends in Orthodontics 7 (June 1, 2017): 135–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/apos.apos_48_17.
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Introduction The aim of this systematic review was to compare still photography and videography for smile analysis. Materials and Methods Based on the available data, two authors conducted an electronic database PubMed search from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2015, and ten strategies were designed using five keywords along with their respective synonyms. Twelve articles were shortlisted for the systematic review. Results The search yielded 91 articles, of which 12 were included based on the selection criteria. Of these 12, five concluded videography compared to be a better tool. Seven articles had variable conclusions based on the study setting and population evaluated. Conclusions Digital video clips offer a tremendous amount of information for analyzing the dynamic character of the smile, but a standard digital photograph allows for immediate viewing.
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Cambron, Julia C., Kirk D. Wyatt, Christine M. Lohse, Page Y. Underwood, and Thomas R. Hellmich. "Medical Videography Using a Mobile App: Retrospective Analysis." JMIR mHealth and uHealth 7, no. 12 (December 3, 2019): e14919. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14919.
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Background As mobile devices and apps grow in popularity, they are increasingly being used by health care providers to aid clinical care. At our institution, we developed and implemented a point-of-care clinical photography app that also permitted the capture of video recordings; however, the clinical findings it was used to capture and the outcomes that resulted following video recording were unclear. Objective The study aimed to assess the use of a mobile clinical video recording app at our institution and its impact on clinical care. Methods A single reviewer retrospectively reviewed video recordings captured between April 2016 and July 2017, associated metadata, and patient records. Results We identified 362 video recordings that were eligible for inclusion. Most video recordings (54.1%; 190/351) were captured by attending physicians. Specialties recording a high number of video recordings included orthopedic surgery (33.7%; 122/362), neurology (21.3%; 77/362), and ophthalmology (15.2%; 55/362). Consent was clearly documented in the medical record in less than one-third (31.8%; 115/362) of the records. People other than the patient were incidentally captured in 29.6% (107/362) of video recordings. Although video recordings were infrequently referenced in notes corresponding to the clinical encounter (12.2%; 44/362), 7.7% (22/286) of patients were video recorded in subsequent clinical encounters, with 82% (18/22) of these corresponding to the same finding seen in the index video. Store-and-forward telemedicine was documented in clinical notes in only 2 cases (0.5%; 2/362). Videos appeared to be of acceptable quality for clinical purposes. Conclusions Video recordings were captured in a variety of clinical settings. Documentation of consent was inconsistent, and other individuals were incidentally included in videos. Although clinical impact was not always clearly evident through retrospective review because of limited documentation, potential uses include documentation for future reference and store-and-forward telemedicine. Repeat video recordings of the same finding provide evidence of use to track the findings over time. Clinical video recordings have the potential to support clinical care; however, documentation of consent requires standardization.
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Knoblauch, Hubert, and Bernt Schnettler. "Videography: analysing video data as a ‘focused’ ethnographic and hermeneutical exercise." Qualitative Research 12, no. 3 (June 2012): 334–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1468794111436147.
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Visual research methods are becoming increasingly important for qualitative studies. Within this dynamically expanding field, methods for analysing ‘natural’ video recordings have developed considerably over the past decades. In this article we discuss methodological aspects of general importance for any analysis of this type of video data. Being a fundamentally interpretive method, our first argument is that sequential analysis is always a hermeneutic endeavour, which requires methodical understanding. The second refers to data collection. We stress that, in addition to sequential analysis, the ethnographic dimension of video analysis should be taken into account methodologically. Video analysis requires, thirdly, a systematic account of the subjectivity, both of the actors analysed as well as of the analysts. Our arguments are grounded in extensive data from several studies, including the communicative genre of powerpoint presentations, commemoration rituals and public events. Selected data fragments are presented here to support our claims. Building upon this expertise, we propose further improvement of video analysis methodology by reflecting on our own practice of analysing video in data sessions (i.e. the ‘video analysis of video analysis’).
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van Werkhoven, Herman, Kathryn A. Farina, and Mark H. Langley. "Using A Soft Conformable Foot Sensor to Measure Changes in Foot Strike Angle During Running." Sports 7, no. 8 (July 29, 2019): 184. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7080184.
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The potential association between running foot strike analysis and performance and injury metrics has created the need for reliable methods to quantify foot strike pattern outside the laboratory. Small, wireless inertial measurement units (IMUs) allow for unrestricted movement of the participants. Current IMU methods to measure foot strike pattern places small, rigid accelerometers and/or gyroscopes on the heel cap or on the instep of the shoe. The purpose of this study was to validate a thin, conformable IMU sensor placed directly on the dorsal foot surface to determine foot strike angles and pattern. Participants (n = 12) ran on a treadmill with different foot strike patterns while videography and sensor data were captured. Sensor measures were compared against traditional 2D video analysis techniques and the results showed that the sensor was able to accurately (92.2% success) distinguish between rearfoot and non-rearfoot foot strikes using an angular velocity cut-off value of 0°/s. There was also a strong and significant correlation between sensor determined foot strike angle and foot strike angle determined from videography analysis (r = 0.868, p < 0.001), although linear regression analysis showed that the sensor underestimated the foot strike angle. Conformable sensors with the ability to attach directly to the human skin could improve the tracking of human dynamics and should be further explored.
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Gregory, Katherine. "The Video Camera Spoiled My Ethnography: A Critical Approach." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 19 (January 1, 2020): 160940692096376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406920963761.
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As videography and other media technologies are normalized in the field of qualitative methods for the purpose of data collection, there is a growing need to discuss the benefits and limitations of these data collection tools. This article chronicles an ethnographic video study focused on the experiences of Muslim adults living in the Netherlands, and why the author opted to end the project. Issues focus on reckoning with the imperial gaze of the camera, performative behavior of participants before the camera and interdisciplinary tensions the researcher faced from conflicting trainings as a qualitative methodologist and media practitioner.
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Smith, Scott, and Dan Fisher. "You Can Observe a Lot Just by Watching: Using Videography in a Retail Setting to Teach Observational Research Methods." Marketing Education Review 16, no. 1 (March 2006): 75–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10528008.2006.11488942.
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Zonta, Marise Bueno, Amancio Ramalho Júnior, Regina Maria Ribeiro Camargo, Fabiano Hessel Dias, and Lúcia Helena Coutinho dos Santos. "Two-dimensional analysis of gait asymmetry in spastic hemiplegia." Einstein (São Paulo) 8, no. 3 (September 2010): 343–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082010ao1678.
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ABSTRACT Objective: Simple measures of gait for routine clinical use could be useful when the complex gait analysis systems are not available. The aim of this study was to quantify asymmetry in children with spastic hemiplegia using a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and to relate the asymmetry to motor function. Methods: Twenty-four children with spastic hemiplegia (19 males, 5 females; mean age 49 months [SD 5 months], range from 39 to 60 months) were assessed with a two-dimensional gait analysis by videography and the analyzed parameters were compared with normal values and with clinical and functional data. Results: There were significant differences in swing time (p = 0.002), stance time (p = 0.01) and stance/swing time ratio (p < 0.001). The comparison with the normal values described by Sutherland also demonstrated gait asymmetry. There was no direct relationship between the motor function and asymmetry but a score analysis for specific Gross Motor Function Measure items could quantify it in terms of age of gait acquisition. Children with more adequate muscle tone presented longer stance time in the involved limb than those with more spasticity (p = 0.03). Conclusions: These results suggest that the best performance is associated with the smallest asymmetry in this sample. Although two-dimensional gait analysis does not provide as much data as three dimensional gait analyses, we believe it can contribute significantly to the gait assessment of children with cerebral palsy.
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Wallgrün, J. O., J. Huang, J. Zhao, A. Masrur, D. Oprean, and A. Klippel. "A FRAMEWORK FOR LOW-COST MULTI-PLATFORM VR AND AR SITE EXPERIENCES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-2/W8 (November 14, 2017): 263–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-2-w8-263-2017.
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Low-cost consumer-level immersive solutions have the potential to revolutionize education and research in many fields by providing virtual experiences of sites that are either inaccessible, too dangerous, or too expensive to visit, or by augmenting in-situ experiences using augmented and mixed reality methods. We present our approach for creating low-cost multi-platform virtual and augmented reality site experiences of real world places for education and research purposes, making extensive use of Structure-from-Motion methods as well as 360° photography and videography. We discuss several example projects, for the Mayan City of Cahal Pech, Iceland’s Thrihnukar volcano, the Santa Marta informal settlement in Rio, and for the Penn State Campus, and we propose a framework for creating and maintaining such applications by combining declarative content specification methods with a central linked-data based spatio-temporal information system.
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Louder, Talin, Brennan J. Thompson, Nile Banks, and Eadric Bressel. "A Mixed-Methods Approach to Evaluating the Internal Validity of the Reactive Strength Index." Sports 7, no. 7 (June 27, 2019): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sports7070157.
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The reactive capacity of the muscle-tendon complex is commonly assessed using the reactive strength index (RSI). Conventionally, the RSI is a ratio of rebound jump height to ground contact time in depth jumping. Several assumptions regarding the linear mechanics acting through the whole-body center of gravity may threaten the internal validity of computation and interpretation of RSI scores. First, it is common for rebound jump height to be predicted from rebound jump flight time. This assumes that the angular positioning of body segments is equivalent at the time instances of rebound jump take-off and landing. Prior literature supports a mixed-methods approach for computing the RSI that is void of this assumption. The mixed-methods approach gives a more valid estimation of rebound jump height. In this approach, rebound jump height is estimated from rebound jump take-off velocity of the whole-body center of mass. This is accomplished by subtracting an estimate of impact velocity, acquired using videography, from change in whole-body center of mass velocity estimated from integrated vertical ground reaction force data. Second, it is often assumed that vertical displacement of the whole-body center of mass during the drop phase of the depth jump is predicted perfectly from the height of the platform used to perform the drop. This assumption may affect the internal validity of comparing RSI scores across individuals and within individuals performing depth jumps from varied heights. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the internal validity of RSI scores computed using the conventional approach and impact velocity variability, which may affect the interpretation of RSI scores. Seventy physically active young adults performed depth jumps from drop heights of 0.51, 0.66, and 0.81 m. RSI was computed using the conventional approach and a mixed-methods approach featuring the use of 2-dimensional videography, body segment parameters, and force platform dynamometry. The two computational methods were compared using linear regression performed on data from each drop height. In addition, a 2 (computational method) by 3 (drop height) Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was performed to evaluate for main effects and interactions in RSI data. Multiple one sample t-tests were performed to compare estimated and theoretical impact velocities. The ANOVA revealed no main effect or interactions between computational approaches (p = 0.467–0.938). Linear regression revealed moderately strong associations between RSI scores computed using the conventional and mixed-methods approaches (R2 = 0.685–0.741). Moreover, linear regressions revealed that the conventional approach tends to overestimate the mixed methods approach for RSI scores below 1.0 and underestimate the mixed methods approach for RSI scores above 1.0. Lastly, estimated impact velocities were observed to be as much as 13% lower versus theoretical (p < 0.001). Researchers with access to motion capture and force platform technology may consider using a mixed-methods approach for computing the RSI, which likely maximizes the internal validity of scores. In addition, results suggest for practitioners to practice caution when comparing conventional RSI scores across individuals.
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Tran, Huy Hoang, Kiyoshi Matsumiya, Ken Masamune, Ichiro Sakuma, Takeyoshi Dohi, and Hongen Liao. "Interactive 3D Navigation System for Image-guided Surgery." International Journal of Virtual Reality 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 9–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/ijvr.2009.8.1.2708.
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This paper presents a novel surgery navigation system based on a three-dimensional (3D) imaging technique, integral videography (IV). In our system, the 3D structure of the object of interest is reconstructed using surface rendering and corresponding pixel distribution methods. We developed a high-speed algorithm that renders high-quality IV images from the surface model in real time and allows interactions like rotating and scaling to be done smoothly. Using the patient-image registration method, IV images can be displayed with the correct size and relative position with respect to the surgical instruments. Experiments were carried out with various anatomical models, and the results show that our system could be useful in many clinical situations such as orthopedic surgery and neurosurgery.
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Yanow, Dvora. "I Am Not a Camera: On Visual Politics and Method. A Response to Roy Germano." Perspectives on Politics 12, no. 3 (September 2014): 680–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1537592714001662.
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No observational method is “point and shoot.” Even bracketing interpretive methodologies and their attendant philosophies, a researcher—including an experimentalist—always frames observation in terms of the topic of interest. I cannot ever be “just a camera lens,” not as researcher and not as photographer. Framing research “shots,” an observer always includes some features of the research question terrain while excluding others—of necessity, given human limitations and the partiality, always, of what we can know and the knowledge we can claim. With “shutters” open, we are never passive, always thinking, always world-making. While attention to videography and other visual research methods is welcome, researchers doing “visual politics” need to ask “political” questions: who has created the image being analyzed, for what purpose(s), what imagined viewer(s), and what unintended viewer(s), as well as consider the ethical issues that these methods entail.
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Spanjaard, Daniela, Louise Young, and Lynne Freeman. "Emotions in supermarket brand choice." Qualitative Market Research: An International Journal 17, no. 3 (June 3, 2014): 209–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/qmr-10-2012-0049.
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Purpose – The purpose of this article is to show how the application of multiple qualitative methods reveals insights into grocery shopping that cannot be captured via traditional survey methods. Design/methodology/approach – A mixed-method approach was applied where the results of one technique provided the guidelines for the next as a way to understand how decisions are made within a grocery store. A mail survey started the process which subsequently presented input for the focus group, leading to videographic observations, depth interviews and consumer diaries. Findings – The results show that many decisions in the grocery store are not driven by the store environment but rather by emotional connections to the brand. This suggests that using behavioral and attitudinal surveys to understand this perspective may not adequately capture important aspects of grocery buying. Instead, consideration must be given to alternative methods which offer the shopper freedom to discuss what is important to them in terms of product selection. Research limitations/implications – This study is unique in applying multiple qualitative methods to an environment that is often overlooked as a source for meaningful insights into consumer decisions. The ability to use methods such as videography and self-assessment provides consequential reasons behind consumer behaviour rather than just statistical measurements of this. Practical implications – The results make a note of caution for retailers. Radical changes to brand offerings (e.g. deleting lines) and accessibility to preferred products (e.g. out of stocks, store layouts) runs the risk of potentially isolating regular customers. Our research shows that when a favorite product is not available, a substitute is not likely. Instead respondents tend to go to another store that does stock their brand, or they buy a smaller, cheaper product to “make do” until the next shop. Neither option is a good outcome for the consumer, the manufacturer or the store. Originality/value – This study will show that for grocery buying, not all decisions are rational where the use of available information is what drives the final brand choice. Instead, consumers display evidence of emotion that one research method in isolation is unlikely to adequately capture.
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Blaisdell, Caralyn, Lorna Arnott, Kate Wall, and Carol Robinson. "Look Who’s Talking: Using creative, playful arts-based methods in research with young children." Journal of Early Childhood Research 17, no. 1 (November 9, 2018): 14–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1476718x18808816.
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Young children are often ignored or marginalised in the drive to address children’s participation and their wider set of rights. This is the case generally in social research, as well as within the field of Arts-Based Education Research. This article contributes to the growing literature on young children’s involvement in arts-based research, by providing a reflective account of our learning and playful engagement with children using creative methods. This small pilot project forms part of a larger international project titled Look Who’s Talking: Eliciting the Voices of Children from Birth to Seven, led by Professor Kate Wall at the University of Strathclyde. Visiting one nursery in Scotland, we worked with approximately 30 children from 3 to 5 years old. Seeking to connect with their play-based nursery experiences, we invited children to participate in a range of arts-based activities including drawing, craft-making, sculpting, a themed ‘play basket’ with various props, puppetry and videography. In this article, we develop reflective, analytical stories of our successes and dilemmas in the project. We were keen to establish ways of working with children that centred their own creativity and play, shaped by the materials we provided but not directed by us. However, we struggled to balance our own agenda with the more open-ended methods we had used. We argue that an intergenerational approach to eliciting voice with young children – in which adults are not afraid to shape the agenda, but do so in responsive, gradual and sensitive ways – creates the potential for a more inclusive experience for children that also meets researcher needs.
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Oliveira, Saulo, Afonso Bione, Lúcia Oliveira, Adalberto da Costa, Fernando de Sá Pereira Guimarães, and Manoel da Cunha Costa. "The Compact Wheelchair Roller Dynamometer." Sports Medicine International Open 1, no. 04 (July 2017): E119—E127. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0043-111404.
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AbstractThe equipment for evaluating the propulsion of a wheelchair is very complex and expensive. To validate a new dynamometer prototype for assessing the propulsion capacity of wheelchairs, 21 healthy subjects (age: 20.9±2.4 yr; weight: 68.9±7.9 kg; height: 174.0±7.1 cm; BMI: 22.7±2.5 kg·m−2) who do not normally require wheelchairs performed a sprint protocol for 20 s after a 1-min warm-up. The power and rotation data acquired by the prototype (both right and left sides) were compared with those of a reference system via high-speed videography (240 fps). The results showed high levels of accordance (95% CI), excellent values for the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC: .99; P<0.00), no significant differences in the rotation (P=0.91) and power (P=0.94) between the methods. The proposed equipment met the validation criteria and thus can be applied as a new tool for assessing wheelchair propulsion.
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Santoso, Fiorency, Viacheslav V. Krylov, Agnes L. Castillo, Ferry Saputra, Hong-Ming Chen, Hong-Thih Lai, and Chung-Der Hsiao. "Cardiovascular Performance Measurement in Water Fleas by Utilizing High-Speed Videography and ImageJ Software and Its Application for Pesticide Toxicity Assessment." Animals 10, no. 9 (September 5, 2020): 1587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10091587.
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Water fleas are a good model for ecotoxicity studies, and were proposed for this purpose by the United States Environmental Protection Agency, due to their easy culture, body transparency, and high sensitivity to chemical pollution. Cardiovascular function parameters are usually used as an indicator of toxicity evaluation. However, due to the nature of the heart and blood flow, and the speed of the heartbeat, it is difficult to perform precise heartbeat and blood flow measurements with a low level of bias. In addition, the other cardiovascular parameters, including stroke volume, cardiac output, fractional shortening, and ejection fraction, have seldom been carefully addressed in previous studies. In this paper, high-speed videography and ImageJ-based methods were adopted to analyze cardiovascular function in water fleas. The heartbeat and blood flow for three water flea species, Daphnia magna, Daphnia silimis, and Moina sp., were captured by high-speed videography and analyzed using open-source ImageJ software. We found the heartbeat is species-dependent but not size-dependent in water fleas. Among the three water fleas tested, D. magna was identified as having the most robust heartbeat and blood flow rate, and is therefore suitable for the ecotoxicity test. Moreover, by calculating the diameter of the heart, we succeeded in measuring other cardiovascular parameters. D. magna were challenged with temperature changes and a pesticide (imidacloprid) to analyze variations in its cardiovascular function. We found that the heartbeat of D. magna was temperature-dependent, since the heartbeat was increasing with temperature. A similar result was shown in the cardiac output parameter. We also observed that the heartbeat, cardiac output, and heartbeat regularity are significantly reduced when exposed to imidacloprid at a low dose of 1 ppb (parts per billion). The blood flow rate, stroke volume, ejection fraction, and fractional shortening, on the contrary, did not display significant changes. In conclusion, in this study, we report a simple, highly accurate, and cost-effective method to perform physiological and toxicological assessments in water fleas.
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Wilke, René, and Miira Hill. "On New Forms of Science Communication and Communication in Science: A Videographic Approach to Visuality in Science Slams and Academic Group Talk." Qualitative Inquiry 25, no. 4 (January 24, 2019): 363–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077800418821531.
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In this article, we focus on the communicative character of visuality and visual representations (“visuals”) in transdisciplinary science communication (science slams) and interdisciplinary communication within science (group talks). We propose a methodology for the study of visuality and the use of visuals as communicative actions. Both unfold within a triadic structure of social actors and the objectivations they (re-)produce. Therefore, we combine the approach of videography and focused ethnography. This research design allows not only putting actions under an audiovisual microscope but also to combine ethnographic knowledge stemming from fieldwork with the audiovisual analysis in front of screens. Using data from our empirical fields (science communication in science slams as well as communication within science in group talks), we illustrate the vital role of visuality of new practices in the communicative construction of (scientific) reality. In doing so, we also emphasize the importance of audiovisual methods for qualitative empirical social research today.
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Zhan, Yakimov, Rühling, Fischbach, Nikolova, Joost, Kaddatz, et al. "High Speed Ventral Plane Videography as a Convenient Tool to Quantify Motor Deficits during Pre-Clinical Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis." Cells 8, no. 11 (November 14, 2019): 1439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8111439.
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Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is the most commonly used multiple sclerosis animal model. EAE mice typically develop motor deficits in a caudal-to-rostral pattern when inflammatory lesions have already developed. However, to monitor more subtle behavioral deficits during lesion development (i.e., pre-clinical phase), more sophisticated methods are needed. Here, we investigated whether high speed ventral plane videography can be applied to monitor early motor deficits during ‘pre-clinical’ EAE. For this purpose, EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice and gait abnormalities were quantified using the DigiGait™ apparatus. Gait deficits were related to histopathological changes. 10 out of 10 control (100%), and 14 out of 18 (77.8%) pre-clinical EAE mice could be evaluated using DigiGait™. EAE severity was not influenced by DigiGait™-related mice handlings. Most gait parameters recorded from day 6 post-immunization until the end of the experiment were found to be stable in control mice. During the pre-clinical phase, when conventional EAE scorings failed to detect any functional impairment, EAE mice showed an increased Swing Time, increased %Swing Stride, decreased %Stance Stride, decreased Stance/Swing, and an increased Absolute Paw Angle. In summary, DigiGait™ is more sensitive than conventional scoring approaches to study motor deficits during the EAE pre-clinical phase.
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Lidstone, Daniel E., Louise M. Porcher, Jessica DeBerardinis, Janet S. Dufek, and Mohamed B. Trabia. "Concurrent Validity of an Automated Footprint Detection Algorithm to Measure Plantar Contact Area During Walking." Journal of the American Podiatric Medical Association 109, no. 6 (November 1, 2019): 416–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.7547/17-118.
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Background: Monitoring footprints during walking can lead to better identification of foot structure and abnormalities. Current techniques for footprint measurements are either static or dynamic, with low resolution. This work presents an approach to monitor the plantar contact area when walking using high-speed videography. Methods: Footprint images were collected by asking the participants to walk across a custom-built acrylic walkway with a high-resolution digital camera placed directly underneath the walkway. This study proposes an automated footprint identification algorithm (Automatic Identification Algorithm) to measure the footprint throughout the stance phase of walking. This algorithm used coloration of the plantar tissue that was in contact with the acrylic walkway to distinguish the plantar contact area from other regions of the foot that were not in contact. Results: The intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) demonstrated strong agreement between the proposed automated approach and the gold standard manual method (ICC = 0.939). Strong agreement between the two methods also was found for each phase of stance (ICC > 0.78). Conclusions: The proposed automated footprint detection technique identified the plantar contact area during walking with strong agreement with a manual gold standard method. This is the first study to demonstrate the concurrent validity of an automated identification algorithm to measure the plantar contact area during walking.
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Pouw, Wim, James P. Trujillo, and James A. Dixon. "The quantification of gesture–speech synchrony: A tutorial and validation of multimodal data acquisition using device-based and video-based motion tracking." Behavior Research Methods 52, no. 2 (October 28, 2019): 723–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3758/s13428-019-01271-9.
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Abstract There is increasing evidence that hand gestures and speech synchronize their activity on multiple dimensions and timescales. For example, gesture’s kinematic peaks (e.g., maximum speed) are coupled with prosodic markers in speech. Such coupling operates on very short timescales at the level of syllables (200 ms), and therefore requires high-resolution measurement of gesture kinematics and speech acoustics. High-resolution speech analysis is common for gesture studies, given that field’s classic ties with (psycho)linguistics. However, the field has lagged behind in the objective study of gesture kinematics (e.g., as compared to research on instrumental action). Often kinematic peaks in gesture are measured by eye, where a “moment of maximum effort” is determined by several raters. In the present article, we provide a tutorial on more efficient methods to quantify the temporal properties of gesture kinematics, in which we focus on common challenges and possible solutions that come with the complexities of studying multimodal language. We further introduce and compare, using an actual gesture dataset (392 gesture events), the performance of two video-based motion-tracking methods (deep learning vs. pixel change) against a high-performance wired motion-tracking system (Polhemus Liberty). We show that the videography methods perform well in the temporal estimation of kinematic peaks, and thus provide a cheap alternative to expensive motion-tracking systems. We hope that the present article incites gesture researchers to embark on the widespread objective study of gesture kinematics and their relation to speech.
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Schmoelz, Alexander. "On Co-Creativity in Playful Classroom Activities." Creativity. Theories – Research - Applications 4, no. 1 (June 27, 2017): 25–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ctra-2017-0002.
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Abstract Recent research points to the essential role of creativity in coping with and acting in a changing world. It has been shown that individual, collaborative and communal efforts are a core capacity for acting in and coping with ever changing circumstances, such that a novel emphasis on cocreativity has arisen. Yet there is very little research on how to provide occasions for co-creativity in classrooms and so the research problem focuses on enabling co-creativity. Therefore, a playful pedagogical design was created and facilitated in classroom. The qualitative data collection methods involved narrative-Socratic dialogues with teachers and students, field notes, and gameplay videography. The Narrative-Structural Method was used to analyze the research material. The main results show that playful classroom activities provide an occasion for co-creative reframing's, engaging in dialogue, expressing emotions, and co-creating a shared story that is rich in co-determined actions. In conclusion, the pedagogical implications of the results are that classroom activities for co-creativity may facilitate mixed playful pedagogies and empty content spaces, so that children and young people can playfully identify, explore and negotiate shared topics that are novel and meaningful to themselves and others.
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Szyndler, Megan W., Kenneth F. Haynes, Michael F. Potter, Robert M. Corn, and Catherine Loudon. "Entrapment of bed bugs by leaf trichomes inspires microfabrication of biomimetic surfaces." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 10, no. 83 (June 6, 2013): 20130174. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2013.0174.
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Resurgence in bed bug infestations and widespread pesticide resistance have greatly renewed interest in the development of more sustainable, environmentally friendly methods to manage bed bugs. Historically, in Eastern Europe, bed bugs were entrapped by leaves from bean plants, which were then destroyed; this purely physical entrapment was related to microscopic hooked hairs (trichomes) on the leaf surfaces. Using scanning electron microscopy and videography, we documented the capture mechanism: the physical impaling of bed bug feet (tarsi) by these trichomes. This is distinct from a Velcro-like mechanism of non-piercing entanglement, which only momentarily holds the bug without sustained capture. Struggling, trapped bed bugs are impaled by trichomes on several legs and are unable to free themselves. Only specific, mechanically vulnerable locations on the bug tarsi are pierced by the trichomes, which are located at effective heights and orientations for bed bug entrapment despite a lack of any evolutionary association. Using bean leaves as templates, we microfabricated surfaces indistinguishable in geometry from the real leaves, including the trichomes, using polymers with material properties similar to plant cell walls. These synthetic surfaces snag the bed bugs temporarily but do not hinder their locomotion as effectively as real leaves.
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Saini, Jasdeep, Alessandro Faroni, Adam J. Reid, Kamel Mamchaoui, Vincent Mouly, Gillian Butler-Browne, Adam P. Lightfoot, Jamie S. McPhee, Hans Degens, and Nasser Al-Shanti. "A Novel Bioengineered Functional Motor Unit Platform to Study Neuromuscular Interaction." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 10 (October 10, 2020): 3238. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9103238.
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Background: In many neurodegenerative and muscular disorders, and loss of innervation in sarcopenia, improper reinnervation of muscle and dysfunction of the motor unit (MU) are key pathogenic features. In vivo studies of MUs are constrained due to difficulties isolating and extracting functional MUs, so there is a need for a simplified and reproducible system of engineered in vitro MUs. Objective: to develop and characterise a functional MU model in vitro, permitting the analysis of MU development and function. Methods: an immortalised human myoblast cell line was co-cultured with rat embryo spinal cord explants in a serum-free/growth fact media. MUs developed and the morphology of their components (neuromuscular junction (NMJ), myotubes and motor neurons) were characterised using immunocytochemistry, phase contrast and confocal microscopy. The function of the MU was evaluated through live observations and videography of spontaneous myotube contractions after challenge with cholinergic antagonists and glutamatergic agonists. Results: blocking acetylcholine receptors with α-bungarotoxin resulted in complete, cessation of myotube contractions, which was reversible with tubocurarine. Furthermore, myotube activity was significantly higher with the application of L-glutamic acid. All these observations indicate the formed MU are functional. Conclusion: a functional nerve-muscle co-culture model was established that has potential for drug screening and pathophysiological studies of neuromuscular interactions.
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Chappell, Jonathan D., Daniel C. Herman, Bradford S. Knight, Donald T. Kirkendall, William E. Garrett, and Bing Yu. "Effect of Fatigue on Knee Kinetics and Kinematics in Stop-Jump Tasks." American Journal of Sports Medicine 33, no. 7 (July 2005): 1022–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546504273047.
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Background Altered motor control strategies in landing and jumping maneuvers are a potential mechanism of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury. There are biomechanical differences between male and female athletes in the landing phase of stop-jump tasks. Fatigue is a risk factor in musculoskeletal injuries. Hypothesis Lower extremity muscle fatigue alters the knee kinetics and kinematics during the landing phase of 3 stop-jump tasks and increases an athlete's risk of anterior cruciate ligament injury. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Three-dimensional videography and force plate data were collected for 20 recreational athletes (10 male and 10 female athletes) performing 3 stop-jump tasks before and after completing a fatigue exercise. Knee joint angles and resultant forces and moments were calculated. Results Both male and female subjects had significantly increased peak proximal tibial anterior shear forces (P =. 01), increased valgus moments (P =. 03), and decreased knee flexion angles (P =. 03) during landings of all 3 stop-jump tasks when fatigued. Fatigue did not significantly affect the peak knee extension moment for male or female athletes. Conclusion Fatigued recreational athletes demonstrate altered motor control strategies, which may increase anterior tibial shear force, strain on the anterior cruciate ligament, and risk of injury for both female and male subjects. Clinic Relevance Fatigued athletes may have an increased risk of noncontact anterior cruciate ligament injury.
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Stocks, Jerom R., Michael P. Rodgers, Joe B. Pera, and Dean M. Gilligan. "Monitoring aquatic plants: An evaluation of hydroacoustic, on-site digitising and airborne remote sensing techniques." Knowledge & Management of Aquatic Ecosystems, no. 420 (2019): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/kmae/2019016.
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Aquatic macrophytes are often monitored to detect change in ecosystem function and state, as well as assessing the effectiveness of invasive aquatic plant management. This study compares seven methodologies to monitor the distribution and abundances of aquatic macrophytes. Four line transect methodologies and three spatial mapping techniques were employed in parallel over a broad turbidity gradient in two lentic habitats of south-eastern Australia. The methodologies examined included hydroacoustic surveys, on-site digitising, and digitisation of airborne remote sensing imagery. Variation in estimates of macrophyte coverage were observed between methodologies. Consistency in the collection and interpretation of data was greatest for the line transect methodologies and the digitisation of satellite imagery. Duel-frequency identification sonar proved to be an effective novel hydroacoustic technique to monitor macrophyte abundances over broad spatial scales. Single beam sonar transects was also an objective, repeatable and scalable methodology. Videography and on-site handheld PDA mapping were of limited utility due to restrictions imposed by turbidity. The utility of sidescan sonar could be improved when used in conjunction with on-site handheld PDA mapping. This study outlines important considerations when selecting a methodology to monitor macrophyte distribution and abundance. Results indicate that no one specific method can be employed across all macrophyte monitoring studies. The method or combination of methods employed during macrophyte monitoring studies is dependent upon the study objectives, budget and environmental conditions of the study site.
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Krasnow, Donna, M. Virginia Wilmerding, Shane Stecyk, Matthew Wyon, and Yiannis Koutedakis. "Biomechanical Research in Dance: A Literature Review." Medical Problems of Performing Artists 26, no. 1 (March 1, 2011): 3–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.21091/mppa.2011.1002.
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The authors reviewed the literature, published from 1970 through December 2009, on biomechanical research in dance. To identify articles, the authors used search engines, including PubMed and Web of Science, five previous review articles, the Dance Medicine and Science Bibliography, and reference lists of theses, dissertations, and articles being reviewed. Any dance research articles (English language) involving the use of electromyography (EMG), forceplates, motion analysis using photography, cinematography or videography, and/or physics analysis were included. A total of 89 papers, theses/dissertations, and abstracts were identified and reviewed, grouped by the movement concept or specialized movements being studied: alignment (n = 8), plié (8), relevé (8), passé (3), degagé (3), développé (7), rond de jambe (3), grand battement (4), arm movements (1), forward stepping (3), turns (6), elevation work (28), falls (1), and dance-specific motor strategies (6). Several recurring themes emerged from these studies: that elite dancers demonstrate different and superior motor strategies than novices or nondancers; that dancers perform differently when using a barre as opposed to without a barre, both in terms of muscle activation patterns and weight shift strategies; that while skilled dancers tend to be more consistent across multiple trials of a task, considerable variability is seen among participants, even when matched for background, years of training, body type, and other variables; and that dance teachers recommend methods of achieving movement skills that are inconsistent with optimal biomechanical function, as well as inconsistent with strategies employed by elite dancers. Measurement tools and the efficacy of study methodologies are also discussed.
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Sugianto, Ogi, Nichi Hana Karlina, and Sophia Purbasari. "Perancangan Videografi Sebagai Media Promosi Batik Khas Subang Yang Diproduksi Oleh Batik Ganasan." ArtComm : Jurnal Komunikasi dan Desain 2, no. 02 (December 3, 2019): 69–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.37278/artcomm.v2i02.227.
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Since batik was established by UNESCOas a Masterpece of the Oral and Intangible Haritage of Humanity Culture since October 2009, the development of batik in Indonesia developed rapidly, many regions in Indonesia possessed and developed batik in accordance with regional identity, including in Subang Regency which has developed and has emerged a variety of typical Batik Subang industry. One of the famous batik industries in Subang is Batik Ganasan. In Ganasan Batik, batik cloth is made with diverse motifs and is full of natural wealth and traditions in Subang Regency, such as pineapple motifs, sisingaan and ancient vessels. This Final Project Design Report on Subang Batik has the formulation of the problem regarding effective and efficient promotional media for the work on typical Batik Subang that produces Batik Ganasan. The purpose of the design of this Final Project is to promote the unique batik of Subang through videography media and the target of designing this promotional media is the early adultage is actively using social media.This study uses qualitative methods, with primary data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observation and literature study, and secondary data using a questionnaire as a data collection medium. Based on the data analysis, it was concluded that the Batik Ganasan industry had made an effort to promote the typical batik of Subang by direct selling, namely direct promotion via online media in the form of whatsapp. However, these efforts have not been effective to promote batik typical of Subang, especially in terms of coverage of promotional targets.
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Brown, Dorothy Cimino, and Kimberly Agnello. "Intrathecal Substance P-Saporin in the Dog." Anesthesiology 119, no. 5 (November 1, 2013): 1178–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e3182a95188.
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Abstract Background: Substance P-saporin (SP-SAP), a chemical conjugate of substance P and a recombinant version of the ribosome-inactivating protein, saporin, when administered intrathecally, acts as a targeted neurotoxin producing selective destruction of superficial neurokinin-1 receptor–bearing cells in the spinal dorsal horn. The goal of this study was to provide proof-of-concept data that a single intrathecal injection of SP-SAP could safely provide effective pain relief in spontaneous bone cancer pain in companion (pet) dogs. Methods: In a single-blind, controlled study, 70 companion dogs with bone cancer pain were randomized to standard-of-care analgesic therapy alone (control, n = 35) or intrathecal SP-SAP (20–60 µg) in addition to standard-of-care analgesic therapy (n = 35). Activity, pain scores, and videography data were collected at baseline, 2 weeks postrandomization, and then monthly until death. Results: Although the efficacy results at the 2-week postrandomization point were equivocal, the outcomes evaluated beyond 2 weeks revealed a positive effect of SP-SAP on chronic pain management. Significantly, more dogs in the control group (74%) required unblinding and adjustment in analgesic protocol or euthanasia within 6 weeks of randomization than dogs that were treated with SP-SAP (24%; P < 0.001); and overall, dogs in the control group required unblinding significantly sooner than dogs that had been treated with SP-SAP (P < 0.01). Conclusion: Intrathecal administration of SP-SAP in dogs with bone cancer produces a time-dependent antinociceptive effect with no evidence of development of deafferentation pain syndrome which can be seen with neurolytic therapies.
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Wahlang, Imayanmosha, Arnab Kumar Maji, Goutam Saha, Prasun Chakrabarti, Michal Jasinski, Zbigniew Leonowicz, and Elzbieta Jasinska. "Deep Learning Methods for Classification of Certain Abnormalities in Echocardiography." Electronics 10, no. 4 (February 20, 2021): 495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10040495.
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This article experiments with deep learning methodologies in echocardiogram (echo), a promising and vigorously researched technique in the preponderance field. This paper involves two different kinds of classification in the echo. Firstly, classification into normal (absence of abnormalities) or abnormal (presence of abnormalities) has been done, using 2D echo images, 3D Doppler images, and videographic images. Secondly, based on different types of regurgitation, namely, Mitral Regurgitation (MR), Aortic Regurgitation (AR), Tricuspid Regurgitation (TR), and a combination of the three types of regurgitation are classified using videographic echo images. Two deep-learning methodologies are used for these purposes, a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) based methodology (Long Short Term Memory (LSTM)) and an Autoencoder based methodology (Variational AutoEncoder (VAE)). The use of videographic images distinguished this work from the existing work using SVM (Support Vector Machine) and also application of deep-learning methodologies is the first of many in this particular field. It was found that deep-learning methodologies perform better than SVM methodology in normal or abnormal classification. Overall, VAE performs better in 2D and 3D Doppler images (static images) while LSTM performs better in the case of videographic images.
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Lindquist, Ana RR, Christiane L. Prado, Ricardo ML Barros, Rosana Mattioli, Paula H. Lobo da Costa, and Tania F. Salvini. "Gait Training Combining Partial Body-Weight Support, a Treadmill, and Functional Electrical Stimulation: Effects on Poststroke Gait." Physical Therapy 87, no. 9 (September 1, 2007): 1144–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2522/ptj.20050384.
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Background and Purpose: Treadmill training with harness support is a promising, task-oriented approach to restoring locomotor function in people with poststroke hemiparesis. Although the combined use of functional electrical stimulation (FES) and treadmill training with body-weight support (BWS) has been studied before, this combined intervention was compared with the Bobath approach as opposed to BWS alone. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of the combined use of FES and treadmill training with BWS on walking functions and voluntary limb control in people with chronic hemiparesis. Subjects: Eight people who were ambulatory after chronic stroke were evaluated. Methods: An A1-B-A2 single-case study design was applied. Phases A1 and A2 included 3 weeks of gait training on a treadmill with BWS, and phase B included 3 weeks of treadmill training plus FES applied to the peroneal nerve. The Stroke Rehabilitation Assessment of Movement was used to assess motor recovery, and a videography analysis was used to assess gait parameters. Results: An improvement (from 54.9% to 71.0%) in motor function was found during phase B. The spatial and temporal variables cycle duration, stance duration, and cadence as well as cycle length symmetry showed improvements when phase B was compared with phases A1 and A2. Discussion and Conclusions: The combined use of FES and treadmill training with BWS led to an improvement in motor recovery and seemed to improve the gait pattern of subjects with hemiparesis, indicating the utility of this combination method during gait rehabilitation. In addition, this single-case series showed that this alternative method of gait training—treadmill training with BWS and FES—may decrease the number of people required to carry out the training.
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Leroy-Cancellieri, V., P. Augustin, J. B. Filippi, C. Mari, M. Fourmentin, F. Bosseur, F. Morandini, and H. Delbarre. "Evaluation of vegetation fire smoke plume dynamics and aerosol load using UV scanning lidar and fire-atmosphere modelling during the Mediterranean Letia 2010 experiment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences Discussions 1, no. 4 (August 8, 2013): 3991–4036. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhessd-1-3991-2013.
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Abstract. Vegetation fires emit large amount of gases and aerosols which are detrimental to human health. Smoke exposure near and downwind of fires depends on the fire propagation, the atmospheric circulations and the burnt vegetation. A better knowledge of the interaction between wildfire and atmosphere is a primary requirement to investigate fire smoke and particle transport. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the usefulness of an UV scanning lidar to characterize the fire smoke plume and consequently validate fire-atmosphere model simulations. An instrumented burn was conducted in a Mediterranean area typical of ones frequently concern by wildfire with low dense shrubs. Using Lidar measurements positioned near the experimental site, fire smoke plume was thoroughly characterized by its optical properties, edge and dynamics. These parameters were obtained by combining methods based on lidar inversion technique, wavelet edge detection and a backscatter barycenter technique. The smoke plume displacement was determined using a digital video camera coupled with the Lidar. The simulation was performed using a meso-scale atmospheric model in a large eddy simulation configuration (Meso-NH) coupled to a fire propagation physical model (ForeFire) taking into account the effect of wind, slope and fuel properties. A passive numerical scalar tracer was injected in the model at fire location to mimic the smoke plume. The simulated fire smoke plume width remained within the edge smoke plume obtained from lidar measurements. The maximum smoke injection derived from lidar backscatter coefficients and the simulated passive tracer was around 200 m. The vertical position of the simulated plume barycenter was systematically below the barycenter derived from the lidar backscatter coefficients due to the oversimplified properties of the passive tracer compared to real aerosols particles. Simulated speed and horizontal location of the plume compared well with the observations derived from the videography and lidar method suggesting that fire convection and advection were correctly taken into account.
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Leroy-Cancellieri, V., P. Augustin, J. B. Filippi, C. Mari, M. Fourmentin, F. Bosseur, F. Morandini, and H. Delbarre. "Evaluation of wildland fire smoke plume dynamics and aerosol load using UV scanning lidar and fire–atmosphere modelling during the Mediterranean Letia 2010 experiment." Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences 14, no. 3 (March 4, 2014): 509–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/nhess-14-509-2014.
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Abstract. Vegetation fires emit large amount of gases and aerosols which are detrimental to human health. Smoke exposure near and downwind of fires depends on the fire propagation, the atmospheric circulations and the burnt vegetation. A better knowledge of the interaction between wildfire and atmosphere is a primary requirement to investigate fire smoke and particle transport. The purpose of this paper is to highlight the usefulness of an UV scanning lidar to characterise the fire smoke plume and consequently validate fire–atmosphere model simulations. An instrumented burn was conducted in a Mediterranean area typical of ones frequently subject to wildfire with low dense shrubs. Using lidar measurements positioned near the experimental site, fire smoke plume was thoroughly characterised by its optical properties, edge and dynamics. These parameters were obtained by combining methods based on lidar inversion technique, wavelet edge detection and a backscatter barycentre technique. The smoke plume displacement was determined using a digital video camera coupled with the lidar. The simulation was performed using a mesoscale atmospheric model in a large eddy simulation configuration (Meso-NH) coupled to a fire propagation physical model (ForeFire), taking into account the effect of wind, slope and fuel properties. A passive numerical scalar tracer was injected in the model at fire location to mimic the smoke plume. The simulated fire smoke plume width remained within the edge smoke plume obtained from lidar measurements. The maximum smoke injection derived from lidar backscatter coefficients and the simulated passive tracer was around 200 m. The vertical position of the simulated plume barycentre was systematically below the barycentre derived from the lidar backscatter coefficients due to the oversimplified properties of the passive tracer compared to real aerosol particles. Simulated speed and horizontal location of the plume compared well with the observations derived from the videography and lidar method, suggesting that fire convection and advection were correctly taken into account.
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Singh, Nandini, Roopa Abdulla, Ravindranath Sable, Veera Bhosale, and Rajshekhar Halli. "Smile analysis: A comparison between photographic and videographic methods." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 50, no. 1 (March 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0974909820160103.
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Singh, Nandini, Roopa Abdulla, Ravindranath Sable, Veera Bhosale, and Rajshekhar Halli. "Smile analysis: A comparison between photographic and videographic methods." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 50, no. 1 (March 2016): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/0301-5742.175705.
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Lathe, C., W. Guse, H. Saalfeld, S. Freimann, and S. H. Rahman. "Interpretation of σ-Al2O3 real structure by means of X -ray investigations and the videographic method." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 174, no. 3 (May 26, 1999): 293–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njma/174/1999/293.
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Englander, Zoë A., Hattie C. Cutcliffe, Gangadhar M. Utturkar, William E. Garrett, Charles E. Spritzer, and Louis E. DeFrate. "A Comparison of Knee Abduction Angles Measured by a 3D Anatomic Coordinate System Versus Videographic Analysis: Implications for Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2019): 232596711881983. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967118819831.
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Background: Knee positions involved in noncontact anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury have been studied via analysis of injury videos. Positions of high ACL strain have been identified in vivo. These methods have supported different hypotheses regarding the role of knee abduction in ACL injury. Purpose/Hypothesis: The purpose of this study was to compare knee abduction angles measured by 2 methods: using a 3-dimensional (3D) coordinate system based on anatomic features of the bones versus simulated 2-dimensional (2D) videographic analysis. We hypothesized that knee abduction angles measured in a 2D videographic analysis would differ from those measured from 3D bone anatomic features and that videographic knee abduction angles would depend on flexion angle and on the position of the camera relative to the patient. Study Design: Descriptive laboratory study. Methods: Models of the femur and tibia were created from magnetic resonance images of 8 healthy male participants. The models were positioned to match biplanar fluoroscopic images obtained as participants posed in lunges of varying flexion angles (FLAs). Knee abduction angle was calculated from the positioned models in 2 ways: (1) varus-valgus angle (VVA), defined as the angle between the long axis of the tibia and the femoral transepicondylar axis by use of a 3D anatomic coordinate system; and (2) coronal plane angle (CPA), defined as the angle between the long axis of the tibia and the long axis of the femur projected onto the tibial coronal plane to simulate a 2D videographic analysis. We then simulated how changing the position of the camera relative to the participant would affect knee abduction angles. Results: During flexion, when CPA was calculated from a purely anterior or posterior view of the joint—an ideal scenario for measuring knee abduction from 2D videographic analysis—CPA was significantly different from VVA ( P < .0001). CPA also varied substantially with the position of the camera relative to the participant. Conclusion: How closely CPA (derived from 2D videographic analysis) relates to VVA (derived from a 3D anatomic coordinate system) depends on FLA and camera orientation. Clinical Relevance: This study provides a novel comparison of knee abduction angles measured from 2D videographic analysis and those measured within a 3D anatomic coordinate system. Consideration of these findings is important when interpreting 2D videographic data regarding knee abduction angle in ACL injury.
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Guse, W., C. Lathe, H. Saalfeld, S. Freimann, and S. H. Rahman. "Interpretation of Li2Al4O7 real structure by means of X-ray- and electron microscopic investigations and the videographic method." Neues Jahrbuch für Mineralogie - Abhandlungen 174, no. 3 (May 26, 1999): 305–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1127/njma/174/1999/305.
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Shokrollahi, Kayvan, Ioannis Kyriazidis, Shomari Zak-Williams, Claire Jones, Elisa Murgatroyd, and Dilnath Gurusinghe. "Is the use of a powered dermatome an aerosol-generating procedure (AGP)? Implications for personal protection against COVID-19 virus." Scars, Burns & Healing 6 (January 2020): 205951312095192. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059513120951920.
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Introduction: Many healthcare workers have contracted SARS-CoV-2 during the pandemic, many cases of which have resulted in severe illness and death. No studies have assessed the potential for powered dermatomes to generate aerosol, an essential technique in burns and plastic surgery. The primary aim of the present study was to capture video footage to illustrate the potential for a powered dermatome to generate significant spray and hence aerosol. Methods: We utilised a simulated skin graft harvest experimental method. Fluorescein-stained saline was used with ultraviolet (UV) backlighting to demonstrate fluorescent spray from a popular brand of air-powered dermatome. Ultra-slow-motion (960 frames/s) video was used to demonstrate the oscillation of the dermatome blade and the origin within the machine of any spray generated, and the extent of spray generated. Results: The key finding from this study is the captured video footage linked with this paper. Droplets of various sizes are seen spraying out from the leading edge at the sides where the blade oscillates. UV backlighting provides a clear demonstration of the dermatome generating fine spray. Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that powered dermatome usage is likely to generate aerosol from blood or blood-contaminated fluid, but does not demonstrate or quantify to what extent this may be clinically relevant in terms of viral transmission potential. We suggest ways to reduce the risk of spray from dermatomes including limiting donor-site bleeding and avoiding a wet donor area. Lay Summary A dermatome is a device used by surgeons to harvest split skin grafts (SSGs). SSGs are an essential component of burns and reconstructive plastic surgery. Aerosol-generating procedures (AGPs) have implications for transmission of viruses including COVID-19. It has not previously been formally assessed whether use of a dermatome should be classified as an AGP. This study uses a fluorescent dye in the context of simulated surgery using a dermatome to see if any, and how much, fine spray is generated from the device and also utilises ultra-slow-motion videography to see how any spray may be generated. At the heart of this study is the included video footage that demonstrates considerable fine spray generation which suggests it is best to assume that dermatomes are likely to generate some degree of aerosol depending on the clinical scenario and how it is used. However, this information does not translate to providing any information about the risk of transmission of the virus from using a dermatome, especially in relation to COVID-19, and separate research would be required to answer this.
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Paterson, Mark, and Michael R. Glass. "The world through Glass: developing novel methods with wearable computing for urban videographic research." Journal of Geography in Higher Education 39, no. 2 (February 13, 2015): 275–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03098265.2015.1010143.
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Cortes, Nelson, Andrew E. Lincoln, Gregory D. Myer, Lisa Hepburn, Michael Higgins, Margot Putukian, and Shane V. Caswell. "Video Analysis Verification of Head Impact Events Measured by Wearable Sensors." American Journal of Sports Medicine 45, no. 10 (May 25, 2017): 2379–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546517706703.
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Background: Wearable sensors are increasingly used to quantify the frequency and magnitude of head impact events in multiple sports. There is a paucity of evidence that verifies head impact events recorded by wearable sensors. Purpose: To utilize video analysis to verify head impact events recorded by wearable sensors and describe the respective frequency and magnitude. Study Design: Cohort study (diagnosis); Level of evidence, 2. Methods: Thirty male (mean age, 16.6 ± 1.2 years; mean height, 1.77 ± 0.06 m; mean weight, 73.4 ± 12.2 kg) and 35 female (mean age, 16.2 ± 1.3 years; mean height, 1.66 ± 0.05 m; mean weight, 61.2 ± 6.4 kg) players volunteered to participate in this study during the 2014 and 2015 lacrosse seasons. Participants were instrumented with GForceTracker (GFT; boys) and X-Patch sensors (girls). Simultaneous game video was recorded by a trained videographer using a single camera located at the highest midfield location. One-third of the field was framed and panned to follow the ball during games. Videographic and accelerometer data were time synchronized. Head impact counts were compared with video recordings and were deemed valid if (1) the linear acceleration was ≥20 g, (2) the player was identified on the field, (3) the player was in camera view, and (4) the head impact mechanism could be clearly identified. Descriptive statistics of peak linear acceleration (PLA) and peak rotational velocity (PRV) for all verified head impacts ≥20 g were calculated. Results: For the boys, a total recorded 1063 impacts (2014: n = 545; 2015: n = 518) were logged by the GFT between game start and end times (mean PLA, 46 ± 31 g; mean PRV, 1093 ± 661 deg/s) during 368 player-games. Of these impacts, 690 were verified via video analysis (65%; mean PLA, 48 ± 34 g; mean PRV, 1242 ± 617 deg/s). The X-Patch sensors, worn by the girls, recorded a total 180 impacts during the course of the games, and 58 (2014: n = 33; 2015: n = 25) were verified via video analysis (32%; mean PLA, 39 ± 21 g; mean PRV, 1664 ± 619 rad/s). Conclusion: The current data indicate that existing wearable sensor technologies may substantially overestimate head impact events. Further, while the wearable sensors always estimated a head impact location, only 48% of the impacts were a result of direct contact to the head as characterized on video. Using wearable sensors and video to verify head impacts may decrease the inclusion of false-positive impacts during game activity in the analysis.
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Christovão, F. G., R. M. L. Barros, C. B. Martins, M. A. G. Silva, E. V. V. Freitas, J. C. Lacerda Neto, and A. Queiroz-Neto. "Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of head and limb movements of lame and non-lame colts." Equine and Comparative Exercise Physiology 4, no. 1 (February 2007): 31–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478061507750259.
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AbstractLameness manifests itself during the movement of the animal or at rest, indicating a structural or functional disturbance in one or more limbs. Videographic analyses allow the qualitative and quantitative investigation of the movement, reducing the subjectivity of evaluations. The objective was to record the alterations in the movement of the head and limbs of horses in a lame and non-lame condition. Video cameras (60 Hz) and computational methods were used. Six Purebred Arabian colts were filmed on a treadmill, at walk and at trot, before and after induction of lameness. Lameness was induced in the left forelimb utilizing a transient lameness model. Markers were placed on the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, spiny process of the sixth thoracic and first lumbar vertebrae and on the proximal phalange. Nine strides were analysed. At walk and at trot, the animals demonstrated two vertical head movements per stride, while after induction of lameness only one head movement was observed per stride, where this movement was of greater amplitude. The head was shown to be in a more elevated position when the lame limb made first contact with the treadmill belt, which was not observed in the case of the healthy limbs. Only with trotting did the lame animals manifest a prolonged duration of the stance phase for all limbs. The lame animals had a longer support time, lifted the non-lame limbs and showed a shorter stride. Videographic analyses offered details of the alterations in the movement of horses, which are important in the diagnosis of lameness.
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Bleimling, Jasmin. "Momente der Begegnung werden zu Momenten der „Störung“ – Eine Einzelfallstudie des szenischen Erinnerns der Shoah anhand eines videografierten Zeitzeugengesprächs." Paragrana 27, no. 1 (August 28, 2018): 143–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/para-2018-0011.
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AbstractThis article provides insight into the mixed-method-analysis of a testimony of a survivor of the Shoah. The aim of the study was to compare the clinical-hermeneutical understanding of the unconsciously re-enacted scenic memory of the Shoah with the results of objective methods. Relevant moments throughout the videographed conversation that indicated the scenic re-enaction of the traumatic experiences in the Shoah were understood as “Now Moments” or “Moments of Meeting” (Stern 2004). Those moments were assessed both by the clinically working Interviewer of the survivor Ms. K. herself as well as by independently applied empirical methods. A computerized Text Analysis System (CM, Mergenthaler 1997) identified Emotion-Abstraction Patterns and Narrative Styles in the transcript of the video, a computerized Motion Energy Analysis (MEA, Ramseyer 2010) measured and quantified movements in terms of synchronicity of the interacting dyad. An external validation was conducted by carrying out group hermeneutical discussions as additional clinical assessments of relevant moments in the video-testimony.