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Pattavilakom, Ananthababu, and Kevin A. Seex. "Comparison of retraction pressure between novel and conventional retractor systems—a cadaver study." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 12, no. 5 (May 2010): 552–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2009.11.spine0956.
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Object Sore throat, dysphagia, and dysphonia are very common after anterior cervical surgery; clinical studies show an incidence of up to 60% or more. Neural, mucosal, or muscular injuries during dissection or retraction are regularly discussed, but investigations are few. Retraction pressure causing ischemia might explain these complications. A new anterior cervical retractor system (Seex retractor) using novel principles has been introduced to surgical practice. There are isolated reported investigations comparing different anterior cervical retractors. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to measure retraction pressure on the aerodigestive tract in cadavers during the anterior surgical approach for cervical spine operations performed using either the conventional (Cloward) retractor system or the Seex retractor system. The goal was to find the significance of the shape of the retraction blades (flat vs curved) in retraction pressures. Methods In cadavers, the anterior cervical spine was approached surgically at the C3/4, C4/5, C5/6, and C6/7 levels. A simulated anterior discectomy procedure was performed using a Cloward retractor with curved blade, a Seex retractor with curved blade, and a Seex retractor with flat blade at each level. For each retractor application, an online pressure transducer (Tekscan pressure measurement system) is applied between the rear side of the medial retractor blade and medial soft-tissue complex. Retraction pressures are recorded twice for both retractors at each level. Average retraction pressure (ARP), average peak retraction pressure (APRP), pressure distribution along the area of retraction, pressure difference at the edge and surface of the retractor blades, pressure variation with flat and curved blades, and so on were determined and compared. One-way ANOVA and Tukey honestly significant difference tests were used for statistical evaluation. Results Forty sets of pressure recordings were made in 5 cadavers. The Cloward retractor system showed higher average contact pressure than the Seex retractor system in 36 sets. In 32 sets, the Cloward retractor system showed higher peak retraction pressure than the Seex retractor system. None of the recordings showed uniform pressure distribution over the retracted area. With the Seex retractor itself, the flat blade generated more peak retraction pressure than the curved blades in 28 sets of measurements; it was the reverse in 3 sets; and in 9 sets the peak pressure was almost the same. Higher retraction pressure was noted along the edges of retractor blades in general, and along the convexity of a curved blade. Those parallel bands corresponded to the edges of the retractor blades. The Seex retractor with a curved blade generated the lowest average retraction pressure and average peak retraction pressure (p < 0.01, ANOVA). Conclusions Retraction pressure was found not to be uniform all over the retracted surface. Higher retraction pressure was noted along the edges of retractor blades in general, and along the convexity of a curved blade. The conventional retractor system with a curved blade generated significantly higher retraction pressures than the novel Seex retractor with a curved blade.
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Nilsson, Kristina, Andreas K. Johansson, Anders Montelius, Ingela Turesson, Risto O. Heikkinen, Gunilla Ljung, and Ulf Isacsson. "Decreasing the Dose to the Rectal Wall by Using a Rectal Retractor during Radiotherapy of Prostate Cancer: A Comparative Treatment Planning Study." Journal of Radiotherapy 2014 (June 4, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/680205.
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Aim. The aim of the study was to examine the dosimetric effect of rectal retraction, using a rectal retractor, by performing a comparative treatment planning study. Material and Methods. Treatment plans using volumetric arc therapy (VMAT) were produced for ten patients both with and without rectal retraction. A hypofractionation scheme of 42.7 Gy in seven fractions was used. The dose to the rectal wall was evaluated for both methods (with and without retraction) using four dose-volume criteria: V40.1 Gy, V38.3 Gy, V36.5 Gy, and V32.6 Gy. Results. The retraction of the rectal wall increased the distance between the rectal wall and the prostate. The rectal wall volume was reduced to zero for all dose-volume values except for V32.6 Gy, which was 0.2 cm3 in average when the rectal retractor was used. Conclusion. There was a significant decrease of V40.1 Gy, V38.3 Gy, V36.5 Gy, and V32.6 Gy when the rectal retractor was used without compromising the dose coverage of planning target volume (PTV).
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Youssef, A. Samy, and Harry R. van Loveren. "Microvascular Retractor: A New Concept of Retracting and Repositioning Cerebral Blood Vessels." Operative Neurosurgery 57, suppl_1 (July 1, 2005): 199–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000164457.86335.a3.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: In this technical note, we report our results with a newly designed retractor blade that can be directly applied for the retraction and repositioning of cerebral blood vessels and delicate neural structures. METHODS: This new malleable retractor with a semicircular tip was designed to fit in the flexible arms of a self-retaining retractor system. After prototype evaluation and optimization in laboratory studies, we used the new retractor in 15 patients during surgical procedures that included retraction of the internal carotid artery during aneurysm clipping, expansion of the surgical window, and transposition of cranial nerves. RESULTS: No intraoperative injuries occurred to neurovascular structures. The retractor blade remained stable on pulsating vessels during the procedure and largely preserved the vessel diameter. CONCLUSION: The new retractor incorporates the existing advantages offered by flexible self-retaining retractor blades with those features that adapt to blood vessel retraction. Rather than concentrating force at one point as typical retractors do, the semicircular tip distributes the retraction force over multiple points along its circumference.
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Little, Andrew S., Seban Liu, Scott Beeman, Tejas Sankar, Mark C. Preul, Leland S. Hu, Kris A. Smith, and Leslie C. Baxter. "Brain Retraction and Thickness of Cerebral Neocortex: An Automated Technique for Detecting Retraction-Induced Anatomic Changes Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging." Operative Neurosurgery 67, no. 3 (September 1, 2010): ons227—ons282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000374699.12150.0.
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Abstract BACKGROUND: Treating deep-seated cerebral lesions often requires retracting the brain. Retraction, however, causes clinically significant postoperative neurological deficits in 3% to 9% of intracranial cases. OBJECTIVE: This pilot study used automated analysis of postoperative magnetic resonance images (MRIs) to determine whether brain retraction caused local anatomic changes to the cerebral neocortex and whether such changes represented sensitive markers for detecting brain retraction injury. METHODS: Pre- and postoperative maps of whole-brain cortical thickness were generated from 3-dimensional MRIs of 6 patients who underwent selective amygdalohippocam-pectomy for temporal lobe epilepsy (5 left hemispheres, 1 right hemisphere). Mean cortical thickness was determined in the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG test), where a retractor was placed during surgery, and in 2 control gyri—the posterior portion of the inferior temporal gyrus (ITG control) and motor cortex control. Regions of cortical thinning were also compared with signs of retraction injury on early postoperative MRIs. RESULTS: Postoperative maps of cortical thickness showed thinning in the inferior temporal gyrus where the retractor was placed in 5 patients. Postoperatively, mean cortical thickness declined from 4.1 ± 0.4 mm to 2.9 ± 0.9 mm in ITG test (P = .03) and was unchanged in the control regions. Anatomically, the region of neocortical thinning correlated with postoperative edema on MRIs obtained within 48 hours of surgery. CONCLUSION: Postoperative MRIs can be successfully interrogated for information on cortical thickness. Brain retraction is associated with chronic local thinning of the neocortex. This automated technique may be sensitive enough to detect regions at risk for functional impairment during craniotomy that cannot be easily detected on postoperative structural imaging.
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Lee, Jasmine, Jason W. Yu, Z.-Hye Lee, Jamie P. Levine, and Adam S. Jacobson. "Alexis Retractor: Institutional Experience of Its Applications in Head and Neck Surgery and Review of the Literature." Cleft Palate-Craniofacial Journal 57, no. 5 (January 21, 2020): 656–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1055665619900833.
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Background: The Alexis retractor is a device that provides simultaneous radial retraction and wound protection during surgical procedures. Although typically used in abdominal and pelvic surgeries, there has been increased development of novel operative techniques utilizing the Alexis retractors in head and neck surgeries. Methods: We describe 2 cases of utilizing the Alexis retractor to attain transoral exposure in the setting of free flap reconstruction of intraoral defects. Results: In both cases, the Alexis retractor provided improved retraction, decreasing the number of instruments required for adequate exposure. Additionally, the polyurethane sheath component acted as a protective membrane over the lips and mucosa. Conclusions: The Alexis retractor can be a powerful retraction tool for certain surgical procedures involving the head and neck regions.
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Almeida, Renan Moritz Varnier Rodrigues de, Fernanda Catelani, Aldo José Fontes-Pereira, and Nárrima de Souza Gave. "Retractions in general and internal medicine in a high-profile scientific indexing database." Sao Paulo Medical Journal 134, no. 1 (August 21, 2015): 74–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1516-3180.2014.00381601.
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CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: Increased frequency of retractions has recently been observed, and retractions are important events that deserve scientific investigation. This study aimed to characterize cases of retraction within general and internal medicine in a high-profile database, with interest in the country of origin of the article and the impact factor (IF) of the journal in which the retraction was made. DESIGN AND SETTING: This study consisted of reviewing retraction notes in the Thomson-Reuters Web of Knowledge (WoK) indexing database, within general and internal medicine. METHODS: The retractions were classified as plagiarism/duplication, error, fraud and authorship problems and then aggregated into two categories: "plagiarism/duplication" and "others." The countries of origin of the articles were dichotomized according to the median of the indicator "citations per paper" (CPP), and the IF was dichotomized according to its median within general and internal medicine, also obtained from the WoK database. These variables were analyzed using contingency tables according to CPP (high versus low), IF (high versus low) and period (1992-2002 versus 2003-2014). The relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were estimated for plagiarism/duplication. RESULTS: A total of 86 retraction notes were identified, and retraction reasons were found for 80 of them. The probability that plagiarism/duplication was the reason for retraction was more than three times higher for the low CPP group (RR: 3.4; 95% CI: [1.9-6.2]), and similar results were seen for the IF analysis. CONCLUSION: The study identified greater incidence of plagiarism/duplication among retractions from countries with lower scientific impact.
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Mott, Andrew, Caroline Fairhurst, and David Torgerson. "Assessing the impact of retraction on the citation of randomized controlled trial reports: an interrupted time-series analysis." Journal of Health Services Research & Policy 24, no. 1 (September 24, 2018): 44–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1355819618797965.
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Objectives To assess the impact of retraction on the citation of randomized controlled trials. Methods We used an interrupted time-series with matched controls. PubMed, CINHAL, Google and the Retraction Watch Database were searched. We identified retracted publications reporting the results of randomized controlled trials involving human participants with two years of available data before and after retraction. We obtained monthly citation counts across all articles for the 24 months before and after retraction, from Web of Science. We used a Poisson segmented regression to detect changes in the level and trend of citation following retraction. We also undertook a matched control analysis of unretracted randomized controlled trials and a sensitivity analysis to account for cases of large-scale, well-advertised fraud. Results We identified 387 retracted randomized controlled trial reports, of which 218 (56.3%) were included in the interrupted time-series analysis. A reduction of 22.9% (95% CI 4.0% to 38.2%, p = 0.02) was observed in the number of citations in the month after retraction, and a further reduction of 1.9% (95% CI 0.4% to 3.5%, p = 0.02) per month in the following 24 months, relative to the expected trend. There was no evidence of a statistically significant reduction among the matched controls. Authors with a large number of retractions saw a 48.2% reduction at the time of retraction (95% CI 17.7% to 67.3%, p = 0.01). Other cases had a more gradual reduction with no change at the time of retraction and a 1.8% reduction per month in the following 24 months (95% CI 0.2% to 3.4%, p = 0.03). Conclusions Retractions of randomized controlled trial reports can be effective in reducing citations. Other factors, such as the scale of the retractions and media attention, may play a role in the effectiveness of the reduction.
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Fox, Benjamin D., Bartley D. Mitchell, Akash J. Patel, Katherine Relyea, Shankar P. Gopinath, Claudio Tatsui, and Bruce L. Ehni. "Vacuum-assisted en bloc resection of large convexity meningiomas." Journal of Neurosurgery 114, no. 3 (March 2011): 727–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2010.6.jns10552.
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Convexity meningiomas are common tumors encountered by neurosurgeons. Retracting, grasping, and mobilizing large convexity meningiomas can be difficult and awkward as well as place unwanted forces on surrounding neurovascular structures. The authors present a safe alternative to traditional retraction and manipulation methods by using a modified bulb syringe connected to standard surgical suction to function as a vacuum retractor. This technique allows for rapid, safe, en bloc resection of large convexity meningiomas with little to no pressure on the surrounding brain. The authors present an illustrative case and describe and discuss the technique.
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Kohli, Parampreet Kaur, and Veena Hegde. "COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF EFFICACY OF GINGIVAL RETRACTION USING CHEMICAL AND MECHANICAL METHODS: AN IN VIVO STUDY." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 11, no. 2 (February 1, 2018): 128. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i2.22674.
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Objective: The purpose of this in vivo study was to compare and evaluate the clinical efficacy of two gingival retraction systems; Ultrapak and Traxodent, on the basis of the amount of gingival retraction achieved in vertical and horizontal direction and their hemorrhage control. Methods: A total of 60 subjects were selected requiring fixed prosthesis. The two gingival retraction systems were used on the prepared abutments randomly. The vertical gingival retraction was measured before and after retraction using flexible measuring strip with 0.5 mm grading. The horizontal retraction was measured on the casts poured in polysilicone impressions made before the retraction and after retraction. Results: Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was found between the amount of the retraction (vertical and horizontal) achieved by Ultrapak as compared to Traxodent. However, in achieving hemostasis Traxodent showed better efficiency than Ultrapak (p<0.05). Conclusion: The mean retraction width and depth achieved with retraction cord (Ultrapak) was significantly greater when compared with retraction paste. Although retraction paste (Traxodent) showed bleeding index significantly less when compared to that of retraction cord (Ultrapak).
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Jansen, Ellen E., and Matthias Hartmann. "Clot Retraction: Cellular Mechanisms and Inhibitors, Measuring Methods, and Clinical Implications." Biomedicines 9, no. 8 (August 21, 2021): 1064. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines9081064.
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Platelets have important functions in hemostasis. Best investigated is the aggregation of platelets for primary hemostasis and their role as the surface for coagulation leading to fibrin- and clot-formation. Importantly, the function of platelets does not end with clot formation. Instead, platelets are responsible for clot retraction through the concerted action of the activated αIIbβ3 receptors on the surface of filopodia and the platelet’s contractile apparatus binding and pulling at the fibrin strands. Meanwhile, the signal transduction events leading to clot retraction have been investigated thoroughly, and several targets to inhibit clot retraction have been demonstrated. Clot retraction is a physiologically important mechanism allowing: (1) the close contact of platelets in primary hemostasis, easing platelet aggregation and intercellular communication, (2) the reduction of wound size, (3) the compaction of red blood cells to a polyhedrocyte infection-barrier, and (4) reperfusion in case of thrombosis. Several methods have been developed to measure clot retraction that have been based on either the measurement of clot volume or platelet forces. Concerning the importance of clot retraction in inborn diseases, the failure of clot retraction in Glanzmann thrombasthenia is characterized by a bleeding phenotype. Concerning acquired diseases, altered clot retraction has been demonstrated in patients with coronary heart disease, stroke, bronchial asthma, uremia, lupus erythematodes, and other diseases. However, more studies on the diagnostic and prognostic value of clot retraction with methods that have to be standardized are necessary.
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Pattavilakom, Ananthababu, and Kevin A. Seex. "Results of a Prospective Randomized Study Comparing a Novel Retractor With a Caspar Retractor in Anterior Cervical Surgery." Operative Neurosurgery 69, suppl_2 (April 5, 2011): ons156—ons160. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/neu.0b013e318219565f.
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Abstract BACKGROUND Retraction injury might explain the soft tissue complications seen after anterior cervical surgery. A novel retractor system (Seex retractor system [SRS]) that uses a principle of bone fixation with rotation has been shown to reduce retraction pressure in a cadaveric model of anterior cervical decompression and fusion. OBJECTIVE To compare the conventional Cloward-style retractor (CRS) with the SRS in a prospective randomized clinical trial. METHODS After ethics and study registration (ACTRN 12608000430336), eligible patients were randomized to either the CRS or SRS before 1- or 2-level anterior cervical decompression and fusion. The pressure beneath the medial retractor blade was recorded with a thin pressure transducer strip. Postoperative sore throat, dysphagia, and dysphonia were assessed after 1, 7, and 28 days. RESULTS Twenty-six patients were randomized. There were no serious complications. Complication rates were low with a trend favoring SRS that was not statistically different. Average retraction pressure with SRS was 1.9 mm Hg and with CRS was 5.6 mm Hg (P < .001 on F test; P = .002 on 2-tailed t test). Mean average peak retraction pressure with the SRS was 3.4 mm Hg and with the CRS was 20 mm Hg (P < .001 on F test; P = .005 on 2-tailed t test). CONCLUSION The new retractor is safe, and statistically similar complication rates were observed with the 2 systems. The SRS generated significantly less retraction pressure compared with the CRS. This difference can be explained by the different principles governing the function of these retractors. Bone fixation gives stability and rotation reduces tissue pressure, both desirable in a retractor.
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Pantziarka, Pan, and Lydie Meheus. "Journal retractions in oncology: a bibliometric study." Future Oncology 15, no. 31 (November 2019): 3597–608. http://dx.doi.org/10.2217/fon-2019-0233.
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Aim: To investigate secular trends in article retractions in the oncology literature, particularly relating to cancer treatments and data available to patients. Methods: A bibliometric analysis of article retractions from PubMed in the period 2000–2018. Results: Analysis shows that article lifetime – that is the time period from initial publication to ultimate retraction – has decreased in recent years. It also shows that the retraction rate has also increased over the same period. Furthermore, over 20% of retracted oncology publications analyzed in this study relate to treatment-relevant topics such as clinical trials and studies in the anticancer properties of supplements. Conclusion: The causes and context of these trends are discussed and reference made to the dangers of scientific misconduct in oncology.
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Tabassum, Sadia, Samira Adnan, and Farhan Raza Khan. "Gingival Retraction Methods: A Systematic Review." Journal of Prosthodontics 26, no. 8 (July 28, 2016): 637–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jopr.12522.
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Uluc, Kutluay, Ulas Cikla, Deniz B. Morkan, Alperen Sirin, Azam S. Ahmed, Kyle Swanson, and Mustafa K. Baskaya. "Minimizing Retraction by Pia-Arachnoidal 10-0 Sutures in Intrasulcal Dissection." Operative Neurosurgery 15, no. 1 (September 19, 2017): 10–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ons/opx193.
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Abstract BACKGROUND In contemporary microneurosurgery reducing retraction-induced injury to the brain is essential. Self-retaining retractor systems are commonly used to improve visualization and decrease the repetitive microtrauma, but sometimes self-retaining retractor systems can be cumbersome and the force applied can cause focal ischemia or contusions. This may increase the morbidity and mortality. Here, we describe a technique of retraction using 10-0 sutures in the arachnoid. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the imaging and clinical results in patients where 10-0 suture retraction was used to aid the surgical procedure. METHODS Adjacent cortex was retracted by placing 10-0 nylon suture in the arachnoid of the bank or banks of the sulcus. The suture was secured to the adjacent dural edge by using aneurysm clips, allowing for easy adjustability of the amount of retraction. We retrospectively analyzed the neurological outcome, signal changes in postoperative imaging, and ease of performing surgery in 31 patients with various intracranial lesions including intracranial aneurysms, intra- and extra-axial tumors, and cerebral ischemia requiring arterial bypass. RESULTS Clinically, there were no injuries, vascular events, or neurological deficits referable to the relevant cortex. Postoperative imaging did not show changes consistent with ischemia or contusion due to the retraction. This technique improved the visualization and illumination of the surgical field in all cases. CONCLUSION Retraction of the arachnoid can be used safely in cases where trans-sulcal dissection is required. This technique may improve initial visualization and decrease the need for dynamic or static retraction.
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Ahmed Hilal Sheriff K, Nivedhitha M S, and Rakshagan V. "Different Types of Finish Lines, Gingival Retraction Methods and Impression Techniques Used During Single Crown Preparation." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (October 9, 2020): 1192–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3363.
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Tooth preparation is part of the daily routine for dentists. Each step involved in the tooth preparation is important. This study focuses on three parameters, finish lines, retraction methods and impression technique. retraction and impression technique go hand in hand, as retraction of the is mandatory to expose the prepared finish line and record them accurately. This study aimed to determine various types of finish lines, retraction methods and impression techniques incorporated during single crown preparation in Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals. Case records were collected from DIAS (Dental Information Archiving Software). This university setting study involved a sample size of 812 patients. Data was tabulated with parameters of name, age, sex, finish line, retraction, no. of cords, type of impression. The retraction method used was a mechanical retraction method which comprised 794 teeth and 554 of the retraction was done using "2 cords (000+1)". 2 stage putty wash technique was commonly employed during impression taking in tooth preparation of 746 teeth. Chi-square test done for association between tooth and finish lines, retraction methods, no. of cords used and impression technique did not show any statistical significance (p>0.05) while association of finish line with no. of cords and type of impression showed statistical significance (p<0.05). Within the limit of the study, the most widely used finish line was shoulder finish line and mechanical retraction methods were commonly employed with 2 stage putty wash technique being the most common impression technique.
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Saunders, Richard L. "Table-fixed retractor system for noncranial surgery." Journal of Neurosurgery 64, no. 5 (May 1986): 819–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/jns.1986.64.5.0819.
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✓ A retractor system based on the principle of table fixation of the retraction device has been fabricated and utilized in a broad range of noncranial procedures. Based on the refinement of self-retaining brain retractor methods, this device allows an atraumatic fixed exposure without the danger of “self-retained devices” impaling soft tissue and the compromises of hand-held retractors.
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Feltes, Carlos, Kostas Fountas, Rostislav Davydov, Vassilios Dimopoulos, and Joe Sam Robinson. "Effects of nerve root retraction in lumbar discectomy." Neurosurgical Focus 13, no. 2 (August 2002): 1–2. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/foc.2002.13.2.7.
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The authors studied whether the amount of retraction pressure applied to a compromised nerve root during lumbar discectomy has an impact on intra- or postoperative outcome. Methods The authors conducted a prospective analysis of 20 patients. There were 12 men and 12 women whose mean age (± standard deviation [SD]) was 42.25 years ± 15 years (range 21–65 years). During intraoperative electromyography (EMG) monitoring, measurements were obtained during routine retraction of the affected nerve root by using a specially designed and constructed nerve root retractor connected to a reconfigured personal computer for this specific purpose. Follow-up results were assessed in the immediate postoperative period and at up to 1 year. The maximum measured force applied during random periods of time was 9.85 N/second (mean 6.95 ± N/second [± SD]). The mean retraction time was 39.5 ± 21 (SD). No intraoperative EMG-detected irritation was noted during or after routine retraction. In four of 20 patients, sensory changes occurred at the ipsilateral nerve root level, which resolved at the time of discharge. Conclusions The authors found that routine nerve root retraction does not cause nerve root irritation, as demonstrated by EMG monitoring, nor was patient outcome affected in this series.
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Zhu, Xiaojing, and Hiroyuki Sato. "Riemannian conjugate gradient methods with inverse retraction." Computational Optimization and Applications 77, no. 3 (August 17, 2020): 779–810. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10589-020-00219-6.
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Spetzler, Robert F., and Nader Sanai. "The quiet revolution: retractorless surgery for complex vascular and skull base lesions." Journal of Neurosurgery 116, no. 2 (February 2012): 291–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2011.8.jns101896.
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Object Smaller operative exposures, endoscopic approaches, and minimally invasive neurosurgery have emerged as a dominant trend in the modern era. In keeping with this evolution, the authors have recently eliminated the use of fixed retractors, instead employing dynamic retraction, with the use of handheld instruments. In the present study, the authors report the results of applying this strategy to challenging vascular and skull base lesions. Methods This 6-month study prospectively analyzed the use of retractorless surgery in a consecutive series of 223 patients with intracranial vascular or skull base lesions undergoing craniotomy. A single surgeon performed all operations. Results The microsurgical approaches (in descending order of frequency) included an orbitozygomatic craniotomy (77 patients [35%]), frontal (36 patients [16%]), retrosigmoid (27 patients [12%]), interhemispheric (16 patients [7%]), and lateral supracerebellar (15 patients [7%]). The most common lesions were aneurysms (83 lesions overall [37%]), 18 of which required a bypass. Of 159 vascular lesions, there were also 46 cavernous malformations (29%). Meningiomas were the most common skull base tumors (37 cases [58%]). Of the 223 patients, 7 cases of various vascular and skull base lesions required fixed retraction. Therefore, 97% of the cases were successfully treated without a self-retaining retractor system. Conclusions Fixed retraction can be supplanted by dynamic retraction with surgical instruments, limiting the risk of retractor-induced tissue edema and injury. This quiet revolution has precipitated a major change in surgical techniques. Extensive dissection of arachnoidal planes, careful placement of the handheld suction device, patient positioning that enhances gravity retraction, the refinement of microsurgical instrumentation, and appropriate selection of the operative corridor all serve to obviate the need for fixed retraction in most intracranial procedures. Retractorless neurosurgery is an achievable goal, even when complex lesions of the vasculature and skull base are being treated.
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Shoakazemi, Alireza, Alexander I. Evins, Justin C. Burrell, Philip E. Stieg, and Antonio Bernardo. "A 3D endoscopic transtubular transcallosal approach to the third ventricle." Journal of Neurosurgery 122, no. 3 (March 2015): 564–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/2014.11.jns14341.
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OBJECT Surgical approaches to deep-seated brain pathologies, specifically lesions of the third ventricle, have always been a challenge for neurosurgeons. In certain cases, the transcallosal approach remains the most suitable option for targeting lesions of the third ventricle, although retraction of the fornices and wall of the third ventricle have been associated with neuropsychological and hypothalamic deficits. The authors investigated the feasibility of an interhemispheric 3D endoscopic transcallosal approach through a minimally invasive tubular retractor system for the management of third ventricular lesions. METHODS Three-dimensional endoscopic transtubular transcallosal approaches were performed on 5 preserved cadaveric heads (10 sides). A parasagittal bur hole was placed using neuronavigation, and a tubular retractor was inserted under direct endoscopic visualization. Following observation of the vascular structures, fenestration of the corpus callosum was performed and the retractor was advanced through the opening. Transforaminal, interforniceal, and transchoroidal modifications were all performed and evaluated by 3 surgeons. RESULTS This approach provided enhanced visualization of the third ventricle and more stable retraction of corpus callosum and fornices. Bayonetted instruments were used through the retractor without difficulty, and the retractor applied rigid, constant, and equally distributed pressure on the corpus callosum. CONCLUSIONS A transtubular approach to the third ventricle is feasible and facilitates blunt dissection of the corpus callosum that may minimize retraction injury. This technique also provides an added degree of safety by limiting the free range of instrumental movement. The combination of 3D endoscopic visualization with a clear plastic retractor facilitates safe and direct monitoring of the surgical corridor.
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Boonrod, Artit, Michal Harasymczuk, Taghi Ramazanian, Arunnit Boonrod, Jay Smith, and Shawn W. O’Driscoll. "The Turtle Neck Sign: Identification of Severe Retracted Distal Biceps Tendon Rupture." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 10, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 232596712110650. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/23259671211065030.
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Background: Chronic tendon retraction subsequent to distal biceps tendon rupture significantly increases repair difficulty and potential for tendon grafting. Biceps tendons that appear short or absent with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or that cannot be readily identified at surgery may erroneously be classified as irreparable. These apparent “absent” biceps tendons may actually be retracted and curled up inside the muscle, visually resembling the head-neck of a turtle retracted inside its shell (the “turtle neck sign”). When located, these tendons could be unfolded and repaired primarily. This type of tendon retraction seems to be associated with high-degree ruptures and larcertus fibrosus tears. Purpose: To test the hypothesis that tendon retractions with a turtle neck sign on MRI are more associated with high-degree ruptures and larcertus fibrosus tears versus tendon tears with simple linear retraction. Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3. Methods: Retracted distal biceps tendon ruptures on sagittal MRI were categorized as linear retraction or curled-up (turtle neck) retraction. Retraction length, injury severity, and lacertus fibrosus tears were analyzed. Results: The authors retrospectively analyzed the patient records of 85 consecutive traumatic distal biceps tendon ruptures from 2003 to 2019; the final study cohort was 37 patients. Injury-to-surgery timing was as follows: <3 weeks, 43% (16 cases); 3 weeks to 3 months, 32% (12 cases); and >3 months, 24% (9 cases). Overall, 19 patients had linear retraction <7 cm (mean, 3.3 ± 1.9 cm) and 18 patients had a turtle neck retraction ≥7 cm (mean, 9.1 ± 1.6 cm). The injury-to-surgery time (median [± interquartile range]) was 27 days (±90 days) in the linear retraction group and 23 days (±65 days) in the turtle neck retraction group. The turtle neck retraction group had a significantly higher occurrence of abnormal hook test findings, complete distal biceps tendon rupture, and lacertus fibrosus tears compared with the linear retraction group (100% vs 58%, 100% vs 68%, and 100% vs 37%, respectively; P ≤ .02). However, significant repairability differences were not found. Conclusion: Highly retracted distal biceps turtle neck sign tendon ruptures occur frequently in association with high-degree ruptures and lacertus fibrosus tears. The presence of a turtle neck retraction did not affect reparability. Surgeons should be aware of this curled-up retraction to avoid mistaking it for an absent tendon or a muscle-tendon disruption.
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Srinivasan, Venkat R., Mihirangi Shamane Rubasinghe, and Christopher Low. "Surgical Treatment of Tympanic Membrane Retractions." Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery 139, no. 2_suppl (August 2008): P59—P60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.otohns.2008.05.192.
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Objective To report a modified technique of cartilage reinforcement tympanoplasty. To assess the safety and efficacy of this technique for symptomatic tympanic membrane retractions. Methods Retrospective analysis of patients with Pars Tensa retractions treated surgically between 2001 and 2007. The indications were discharge and hearing loss. Surgery involved excision of retracted segment, exposure of facial recess, removal of keratin and reinforcement with thinned tragal cartilage graft (cartilage thinned by cartilage cutter) and temporalis fascia. Paired T test was used to compare the mean ABG before and after surgery. Results 34 ears were operated on in 33 patients with an age range of 8 to 66 (mean 38). Full extent of the retraction was visible (Moderate) in 12 ears and not visible in 22 ears (Severe). Cholesteatoma was found in 10 ears (all in Severe group) and ossicular erosion was noticed in 29 ears. Follow-up ranged from 12 to 66 months (mean of 36 months). The success rate was 97% with recurrence of retraction in 1 ear. Air-bone gap improved in 31 ears, remained the same in 1 ear, and worsened in 2 ears. The pre- and postoperative mean ABG values were 24.3 (SD 9.5) and 17 (8.7). The difference was 7.3 p<0.0001(95% CI=4.8,9.9). Cholesteatoma recurred in 1 patient. Cholesteatoma presence and severity of retraction did not have any influence on the recurrence rate (Fisher's Exact Test). Conclusions High incidence of per-operative discovery of cholesteatoma (30%) in our series supports early, aggressive management of symptomatic retractions. Thinned cartilage is more effective with less chances of migration.
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Shetty S, Vidhyadhara, Madeha Kauser Munaff, and Prathap M.S. "RECENT ADVANCES ON GINGIVAL TISSUE MANAGEMENT IN RESTORATIVE DENTISTRY." International Journal of Advanced Research 9, no. 02 (February 28, 2021): 455–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21474/ijar01/12469.
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Marginal integrity is one of the main factors that contribute to the outcome of a restoration and longevity of the restoration and cast restorations. An increased significance on the perio–restorative interface in restorative dentistry is essential to enable the utilization of the concept of biologic width in a practical manner. The goal, regarding the management of gingival tissues, is to ensure that the peridontium is in a healthy state. The oral cavity is a difficult to treat because of lips, cheeks, and tongue that hinders and makes it difficult to visualize and manipulate instruments in the area to be treated related. Gingival retraction is essential to perform better when the finish lines of the restoration is below the gingival margin. There are various gingival retractions that have been employed previously like mechanical, chemical, surgical and chemomechanical procedures. These methods not only provide an ideal working environment and ample vision, but also maintain hemostasis to certain extent. The choice of a retraction method depends on clinical situation and accessibility. The purpose of this review is to demonstrate the recent retraction materials and techniques.
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Shukla, Neeteesh K., Shivam Verma, Parnita Dwivedi, Nimmi Gupta, and Sneha Singh. "Various methods of canine retraction in premolar extraction space: A case series." International Journal of Oral Health Dentistry 7, no. 4 (December 15, 2021): 310–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijohd.2021.062.
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Following article is the review and presentation of various methodologies of canine retraction [e.g.– methods under sliding and friction less mechanics, facilitation with TADs (Temporary Anchorage Devices) and MOPs (Micro-Osteo-Perforations), and invasive procedures etc.] and comparison of these methods in terms of rate of canine retraction, and molar anchorage loss. Patient’s age ranges between 15y to 19y and only right maxillary canine was taken for comparison purpose.
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Agrawal, Ashish, and P. Subash. "The Effect of Varied Positioning of Mini-screw, Anterior Retraction Hook, and Resultant Force Vector on Efficient En-Masse Retraction Using Finite Element Method: A Systematic Review." Journal of Indian Orthodontic Society 55, no. 1 (January 2021): 11–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0301574220982098.
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Objective: The objective of this systematic review was to assess the available evidence to evaluate the effectiveness of en-masse retraction design with mini-screw with respect to the retraction hook and mini-implant position and height. Methods: The following electronic databases were searched till July 31, 2020: Pro-Quest Dissertation Abstracts and Thesis database Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), PubMed, Google Scholar, US National Library of Medicine, and National Research Register. En-masse retractions with anterior retraction hooks assisted by mini-implant three-dimensional finite element method (3D FEM) models were included in the study. The selected studies were assessed for the risk of bias using the Cochrane Collaboration risk of bias tool. The “traffic plot” and “weighted plot” risk of bias distribution were designed using the ROBVIS tool. The authors extracted and analyzed the data. Results: Twelve studies fulfilled the inclusion criteria. The risks of biases were low for 9 studies and high for 3 studies. Data on mini-implant, retraction hook, and the center of resistance/force vectors were extracted. The outcomes of the included studies were heterogeneous. Conclusions: According to the currently available literature review for successful bodily en-masse tooth movement, the force vector should pass through the center of resistance, which can be achieved by the clinical judgment of placing a mini-screw and an anterior retraction hook. The force from an implant placed at a higher level from the anterior retraction hook will cause intrusion; an implant placed at the medium level shows bodily movement; and an implant placed at a lower level shows tipping forces in consolidated arches.
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Mo, Sung-Seo, Min-Ki Noh, Seong-Hun Kim, Kyu-Rhim Chung, and Gerald Nelson. "Finite element study of controlling factors of anterior intrusion and torque during Temporary Skeletal Anchorage Device (TSAD) dependent en masse retraction without posterior appliances: Biocreative hybrid retractor (CH-retractor)." Angle Orthodontist 90, no. 2 (October 7, 2019): 255–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/050619-315.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives: To evaluate, using the finite element method (FEM), the factors that allow control of the anterior teeth during en masse retraction with the Biocreative hybrid retractor (CH-retractor) using different sizes of nickel-titanium (NiTi) archwires and various gable bends on the stainless-steel (SS) archwires. Materials and Methods: Using FEM, the anterior archwire section, engaged on the anterior dentition, was modeled in NiTi, and another assembly, the posterior guiding archwire, was modeled in SS. Two dimensions (0.016 × 0.022- and 0.017 × 0.025-inch NiTi) of the anterior archwires and different degrees (0°, 15°, 30°, 45°, and 60°) of the gable bends on the guiding wire were applied to the CH-retractor on the anterior segment to evaluate torque and intrusion with 100-g retraction force to TSADs. Finite element analysis permitted sophisticated analysis of anterior tooth displacement. Results: With a 0° gable bend all anterior teeth experienced extrusion. The canines showed a larger amount of extrusion than did the central and lateral incisors. With a gable bend of >15°, all anterior teeth exhibited intrusion. Bodily movement of the central incisor required a 30°∼45° gable bend when using anterior segments of 0.016 × 0.022-inch NiTi and 15°∼30° gable bend with the 0.017 × 0.025-inch NiTi. Conclusions: With the CH-retractor, varying the size of the NiTi archwire and/or varying the amount of gable bend on the SS archwire affects control of the anterior teeth during en masse retraction without a posterior appliance.
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Benzing, Christian, Helmut Weiss, Felix Krenzien, Matthias Biebl, Johann Pratschke, and Ricardo Zorron. "Intra-abdominal Trocar-Free Vacuum Liver Retractor for Upper-Gastrointestinal Surgery." Surgical Innovation 24, no. 2 (February 12, 2017): 186–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1553350617692639.
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Background. In laparoscopic upper-gastrointestinal (GI) surgery, an adequate retraction of the liver is crucial. Especially in single-port surgery and obese patients, problems may occur during liver retraction. The current study seeks to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the LiVac trocar-free liver retractor in laparoscopic upper-GI surgery. Methods. The present study is a nonrandomized dual-center clinical series describing our preliminary results using the LiVac system for liver retraction. The primary end points of the present study included the effectiveness and safety of the LiVac device as well as complications and documentation of problems with the device during surgery. Results. The device was used in 11 patients for simple and complex laparoscopic procedures. The mean age of the study population was 59.6 years (SD = 20.6; range = 30-84). There were 6 female and 5 male patients with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 31.9 kg/m2 (SD = 8.1; range = 26.0-45.3). The efficacy of the device was excellent in all cases, reducing the number of trocars needed. There were no device-related complications. Conclusion. The LiVac liver retractor is easy to use and provides a good exposure of the operative field in upper-GI laparoscopic surgery, even in obese patients with a high BMI.
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Samuel, Shannon, Joe Mathew Cherian, and Abi M. Thomas. "Comprehensive Analysis of Retracted Publications in Dentistry: A 23-Year Review." International Journal of Dentistry 2020 (December 27, 2020): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8881352.
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Background. In the modern tech-savvy era, scientific literature publication remains the optimal way to disperse knowledge, even if it has transformed from print to mostly electronic. With the new and improved publication methods, also come more scrutiny and analytic criticism of the scientific work. It becomes even more important in this context to rectify flawed scientific work responsibly. This present study was undertaken to help clarify the process and causes of retractions occurring in the dental community and analyse its reasons. Methodology. A total of 8092 PubMed indexed articles were scanned from the online libraries, and individually scanning for author details, place of study, subspecialty of research, funding, dates of original publication, and retraction notices issued along with journal specifics such as type and impact factors, country of publishing was compiled and analysed by two authors. The dataset was then collaboratively analysed using Panda’s Library in Python software as an analysis tool for data preparation and for frequency analysis. The estimates were presented as mean differences (MD) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Results. The present study had a compiled dataset of 198 articles after screening and revealed that maximum retractions of dentistry-related research originated from India (25.3%) and, on average, took 2.6 years to be issued a retraction notice. We also deciphered that the USA retracted maximum dental articles (34.8%), and plagiarism was cited as the most common (38.02%) reason for doing so. The present study also brought to light that there was a trend for lower impact factor-dental journals in retracting maximum articles, most of which were nonfunded (62.16%). The results signify that 63.78% of all retracted papers continued to be cited postretractions. Conclusions. The retractions happening in the field of dental literature are currently too time-consuming and often unclear to the readers. The authors would like to conclude that the retracted papers were mostly from India and Spain mostly related to endodontics or prosthodontic research. All of this warrants the need for better scrutiny and reforms in the area.
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De Vitre, Rustam, Roger B. Galburt, and William J. Maness. "Biometric comparison of bur and electrosurgical retraction methods." Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry 53, no. 2 (February 1985): 179–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3913(85)90104-0.
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Wang, JZ, NM Alotaibi, J. Ku, and JT Rutka. "C.06 Retraction of scientific publications in neurosurgery." Canadian Journal of Neurological Sciences / Journal Canadien des Sciences Neurologiques 44, S2 (June 2017): S13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cjn.2017.84.
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Background: Despite increasing awareness of scientific fraud, no attempt has been made to assess its prevalence in neurosurgery. The aim of our review was to assess the chronological trend and reasons for the retraction of neurosurgical publications. Methods: We searched the EMBASE and MEDLINE databases using a comprehensive search strategy for retracted articles from January 1995 to December 2016. Archives of retracted articles on www.retractionwatch.com and the independent websites of neurosurgical journals were also searched. Data including the journal name and its impact factor, reason for retraction, country of origin, and citations were extracted. Results: A total of 72 studies were included for data extraction. Journal impact factor ranged from 0.24 to 14.4. Most studies(76%) were retracted within the last 5 years. The most common reason for retraction was because of a duplicated publication found elsewhere(25%), followed closely by plagiarism(21%), or falsifying data(17%). Other reasons included scientific errors/mistakes, author misattribution, and fraudulent peer review. Articles originated from several different countries and some were widely cited. Conclusions: Retractions of neurosurgical publications are increasing globally, mostly due to issues of academic integrity. Implementation of more transparent data sharing and screening as well as additional education for new researchers may help mitigate these issues moving forward.
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Ramawat, Pramila, and Balkishan Sharma. "Determinants of hypoxemia in children associated with pneumonia." Asian Journal of Medical Sciences 7, no. 2 (November 5, 2015): 64–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ajms.v7i2.13049.
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Background and Objectives: The most severe manifestation of pneumonia is hypoxemia has been shown to be a risk factor for morbidity and mortality. Authors investigated associating factors and determinants of hypoxemia in children with pneumonia.Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study is designed among children of pediatric outpatient and emergency department that enrolled at Government Multi-Speciality Hospital, Chandigarh. One hundred fifty children recruited for study. The demographic and clinical parameters were recorded. Oxygen saturation measured by pulse oximeter.Results: The prevalence of hypoxemia was 48% and 61 (84.7%) infants aged 1 year found with hypoxemia. Age (p=0.006), respiratory rate (p=0.001) and severity of pneumonia (p=0.001) were strongly associated with hypoxemia. The prevalence of severe and very severe pneumonia among hypoxemic were 56.1% and 73.7% respectively. Central cyanosis (98.7%), peripheral (98.7%) cyanosis, head nodding (97.4%) grunting (96.15%) were highly specific but suprasternal (62.82%), subcostal (43.58%) and intercostal retractions (44.87%) were fairly specific sign. Sensitivity for subcostal (81.94%) and intercostal retractions (83.33%) was very high but was fair for intercostal (83.33%) retraction. Grunting (p=0.009), nasal flaring (p=0.008), subcostal (p=0.001) and intercostal (p=0.000) retractions were strongly but suprasternal retraction was significantly (p=0.024) associated with hypoxemia. Dyspnea (97.22%) was very sensitive while decrease feeding (84.61%) and irritability (83.33%) was highly but lethargy (58.97%) was fairly specific symptom.Conclusions: Study suggested that clinical signs and symptoms such as chest wall retraction, decrease feeding, dyspnea, grunting and nasal flaring in children with pneumonia may be utilized as markers for hypoxemia in conditions where pulse-oximeter isn’t available. This study supports the view of hypoxemia was disabling factor in better functional recovery in severity of pneumonia.Asian Journal of Medical Sciences Vol.7(2) 2015 64-70
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Shreenidhi S, Venkatesh, and Vinay Sivaswamy. "Knowledge Attitude and Practise of Gingival Retraction Among General Dental Practitioners in India." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL3 (October 21, 2020): 1645–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl3.3489.
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Marginal integrity is one of the major factors that contribute to the success of cast restoration. The procedure to expose the subgingival finish line of preparation is termed as gingival displacement or gingival retraction and gingival deflection. Retraction is the temporary displacement of gingival tissue. The development of cordless retraction is becoming popular. It displaces the gingiva by methods of its high viscosity when injected into sulcus. This study is conducted in order to study the knowledge and attitude and extent of cordless method of retraction among dental practitioners in India. To study the extent of knowledge, attitude and level of practise of cordless method of gingival displacement among practitioners. A set of questionnaires were developed in relation to the knowledge, attitude and practise on cordless method of gingival retraction among practitioners in India and was circulated. A total of 103 responses were collected. The data collected was compiled for analysis. The obtained results showed that dental practitioners do not follow gingival displacement and have less knowledge over cordless method of gingival retraction and further still prefer practising of traditional methods. The study concludes that dental practitioners are not aware of other cordless methods of gingival retraction and still prefer cord and various other generally practised methods.
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Safarov, Murod Toshpulatovich, Jaloladdin Xalimetov, and Sardor Tolmasov. "SOME ASPECTS OF RETRACTION THE GINGIVAL SULCUS." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-8.
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In order to achieve an optimal fit between the crown and the margin formed below the gingival margin, a good mapping of the space behind the margin is required. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways. At various stages, general dentists and prosthodontists apply gum retraction across the board on a daily basis. Gum retraction was first described in 1941 by Thompson. Today, a large assortment of retraction cords is presented on the material market. One of the main requirements forhigh-precision impressions is a clear display of the gingival sulcus around the abutment teeth. To obtain high-quality impressions, it is necessary to ensure the unimpeded position of the impression material in this area, which is ensured by retraction. With the generalized form of increased abrasion of the hard tissues of the teeth, all teeth or most of them are subject to restoration of the anatomical shape, therefore it is important to choose a retraction method that would not only allow obtaining ahigh-quality impression, but also minimize its negative effect. Since 1975, PubMed and Google Scholar have searched for studies on gingival tissue management prior to impression creation on fixed dentures. The conclusions were extracted and summarized by us. Gingival retraction methods are divided intomechanical, chemical or surgical types. This article discusses the various methods of gingival retraction for subsequent double-layer impressions.
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Safarov, Murod Toshpulatovich, Jaloladdin Xalimetov, and Sardor Tolmasov. "SOME ASPECTS OF RETRACTION THE GINGIVAL SULCUS." UZBEK MEDICAL JOURNAL Special issue, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 39–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.26739/2181-0664-2021-si-3-8.
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In order to achieve an optimal fit between the crown and the margin formed below the gingival margin, a good mapping of the space behind the margin is required. This can be accomplished in a variety of ways. At various stages, general dentists and prosthodontists apply gum retraction across the board on a daily basis. Gum retraction was first described in 1941 by Thompson. Today, a large assortment of retraction cords is presented on the material market. One of the main requirements forhigh-precision impressions is a clear display of the gingival sulcus around the abutment teeth. To obtain high-quality impressions, it is necessary to ensure the unimpeded position of the impression material in this area, which is ensured by retraction. With the generalized form of increased abrasion of the hard tissues of the teeth, all teeth or most of them are subject to restoration of the anatomical shape, therefore it is important to choose a retraction method that would not only allow obtaining ahigh-quality impression, but also minimize its negative effect. Since 1975, PubMed and Google Scholar have searched for studies on gingival tissue management prior to impression creation on fixed dentures. The conclusions were extracted and summarized by us. Gingival retraction methods are divided intomechanical, chemical or surgical types. This article discusses the various methods of gingival retraction for subsequent double-layer impressions.
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Ashwin Shravan Kumar M and Revathi Duraisamy. "Preference of Gingival Retraction Methods - Mechanical Over Chemico Mechanical Method in University Based Setting - A Retrospective Study." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 11, SPL4 (December 25, 2020): 720–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v11ispl4.4054.
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Tooth preparation is done in the treatment of fixed partial dentures. It is necessary to obtain a good amount of gingival retraction for accuracy in marginal positioning of prosthesis. The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of gingival retraction by mechanical and chemico mechanical methods. A retrospective data collection was done by reviewing 86000 case sheets from Saveetha dental college. Study period was about 10 months. Inclusion criteria & exclusion criteria were available. Parameters were tabulated and analysed using SPSS software. There were 899 patients treated for fixed partial dentures in the study period. Among these, 398 were males and 501 were females. Chi square t test was performed and p value was found to be 0.02 and the results are significant as p value is <0.05. Also, 95% of both the population irrespective of age and gender underwent mechanical method of gingival retraction. This study is in consensus with existing literature that gingival retraction can be efficiently obtained through the mechanical method. Whether systemic health issues or socioeconomic reasons played a role in the acceptance of choice of treatment needs to be further evaluated with larger sample size and multicentre studies among our population.
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Barsoum, Haya A., Hend S. ElSayed, Fouad A. El Sharaby, Juan Martin Palomo, and Yehya A. Mostafa. "Comprehensive comparison of canine retraction using NiTi closed coil springs vs elastomeric chains:." Angle Orthodontist 91, no. 4 (February 17, 2021): 441–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/110620-916.1.
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ABSTRACT Objectives To compare canine retraction using NiTi closed coil springs vs elastomeric chains comprehensively in a split-mouth randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods The canines in 64 quadrants were randomly retracted into the first premolar extraction spaces using NiTi closed coil springs or elastomeric chains, in the maxilla and mandible. The retraction force was 150 g. Cone beam computed tomography scans and study models were obtained before the start of canine retraction and 6 months later. The rate and total amount of canine retraction, canine rotation, tipping, and root resorption were evaluated. A visual analogue scale was used to evaluate patients' pain experience. Results The two methods were statistically similar for dental changes, rate of canine retraction, and root resorption. However, patients reported significantly more days of pain with the elastomeric chain compared to the NiTi closed coil springs. Conclusions Within the constraints of the current study, using either NiTi closed coil springs or elastomeric chains as force delivery systems for canine retraction results in no significant difference in the rate of canine retraction, tipping, rotation, or root resorption. Pain experience during retraction using elastomeric chains is more significant yet needs further investigation.
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Camacho, Francisco M., Jose C. Moreno, and Felipe Rodriguez-Adrados. "Nasal Reconstruction with an Elongated Right Paramedian Flap after Maxillectomy for Basal Cell Carcinoma." Journal of Cutaneous Medicine and Surgery 1, no. 3 (January 1997): 170–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/120347549700100312.
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Background: An extensive basal cell carcinoma that reached the maxillary sinus was removed. In the first reconstructive stage, we closed the primary defect on the sinus with a rotation-transposition flap. The distal portion of the flap necrosed, producing a defect in the nasolabial fold that left the sinus open and caused upward retraction of the upper lip. Objective: The defect of the nasolabial fold had to be corrected and the sinus closed; in a later stage, the retractile scar that appeared on the upper lip also needed correction. Methods: We used a delayed, elongated, right paramedian flap to correct the defect on the nasolabial fold and to close the sinus. We then corrected the retractile scar on the upper lip with a V-Y advancement flap. Results: The defect was closed without complications and the V-Y flap worked in returning the upper lip to its anatomic position. Conclusion: The midforehead flap is best for the reconstruction of the tip and the alar areas of the nose, including the near nasolabial fold. The V-Y advancement flap is an easy flap that allows one to correct retractions around the facial orifices. In dermatologie surgery, the final results must be as esthetic as possible.
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Shamsuzzaman, Mohammad, Sheikh Md Shahriar Quader, Shakila Fatema, Md Abdul Gofur, and Khaleda Akter. "Effect of gingival retraction cord and retraction paste on gingival tissue in fixed prosthodontics impression." Update Dental College Journal 3, no. 2 (February 18, 2014): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i2.17995.
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Background & Objectives: Of the various gingival retraction systems available in the market, a cordless paste system is fairly new entrant into this field. This system promises to provide an easier method to obtain optimum retraction with excellent hemorrhage control. The present study was designed to clinically evaluate the efficacy of paste retraction system and medicated retraction cords on the basis of relative easy of working, hemorrhage control and amount of vertical gingival retraction. Methods: 40 subjects were selected requiring full veneer restoration where more than one abutment teeth were to be prepared. After the preparation of the abutment teeth flexible scales were used to measure the sulcus depth before retraction and after retraction. Medicated retraction cord technique was used on one abutment tooth and on the other abutment tooth paste retraction system was employed. Subjectively easy of placement and hemorrhage scores was assessed. Results: The mean time taken for paste retraction technique was 45.13 seconds and for medicated retraction cord technique was 105.4 seconds. In all the subjects paste retraction technique was relatively easier as compared with medicated retraction cord technique. Mean hemorrhage scores using paste retraction technique was 0.05 and using medicated retraction cord technique it was 1.70. Mean vertical gingival retraction using paste retraction technique was .36mm and using medicated retraction cord technique was 0.54mm Conclusion: Within the limitations of this study, paste retraction system requires reduced time for application, is easier to place, and provides excellent hemorrhage control in comparison to medicated retraction cord. However, medicated retraction cord provides increased amount of vertical retraction as compared to paste retraction technique. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/updcj.v3i2.17995 Update Dent. Coll. j: 2013; 3 (2): 20-27
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Kulshrestha, RohitS, Ragni Tandon, and Pratik Chandra. "Canine retraction: A systematic review of different methods used." Journal of Orthodontic Science 4, no. 1 (2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2278-0203.149608.
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Toma, Catalin, Liliana Padureanu, and Bogdan Toma. "Correction of the Scientific Production: Publisher Performance Evaluation Using a Dataset of 4844 PubMed Retractions." Publications 10, no. 2 (April 21, 2022): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/publications10020018.
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Background. Retraction of problematic scientific articles after publication is one of the mechanisms for correcting the literature available to publishers. The market volume and the busi-ness model justify publishers’ ethical involvement in the post-publication quality control (PPQC) of human-health-related articles. The limited information about this subject led us to analyze Pub-Med-retracted articles and the main retraction reasons grouped by publisher. We propose a score to appraise publisher’s PPQC results. The dataset used for this article consists of 4844 Pub-Med-retracted papers published between 1.01.2009 and 31.12.2020. Methods. An SDTP score was constructed from the dataset. The calculation formula includes several parameters: speed (article exposure time (ET)), detection rate (percentage of articles whose retraction is initiated by the edi-tor/publisher/institution without the authors’ participation), transparency (percentage of retracted articles available online and the clarity of the retraction notes), and precision (mention of authors’ responsibility and percentage of retractions for reasons other than editorial errors). Results. The 4844 retracted articles were published in 1767 journals by 366 publishers, the average number of retracted articles/journal being 2.74. Forty-five publishers have more than 10 retracted articles, holding 88% of all papers and 79% of journals. Combining our data with data from another study shows that less than 7% of PubMed dataset journals retracted at least one article. Only 10.5% of the retraction notes included the individual responsibility of the authors. Nine of the top 11 publishers had the largest number of retracted articles in 2020. Retraction-reason analysis shows considerable differences between publishers concerning the articles’ ET: median values between 9 and 43 months (mistakes), 9 and 73 months (images), and 10 and 42 months (plagiarism and overlap). The SDTP score shows, from 2018 to 2020, an improvement in PPQC of four publishers in the top 11 and a decrease in the gap between 1st and 11th place. The group of the other 355 publishers also has a positive evolution of the SDTP score. Conclusions. Publishers have to get involved actively and measurably in the post-publication evaluation of scientific products. The introduction of reporting standards for retraction notes and replicable indicators for quantifying publishing QC can help increase the overall quality of scientific literature.
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Yankov, Stoyan, Bozhana Chuchulska, Diyan Slavchev, Ilian Hristov, and Rangel Todorov. "THE PLACE OF RETRACTION CORDS AMONG THE TISSUE DISPLACEMENT METHODS." Journal of IMAB - Annual Proceeding (Scientific Papers) 23, no. 4 (December 21, 2017): 1854–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.5272/jimab.2017234.1854.
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Farag, Tarek, Wael Mohamed Mubarak Refai, Ahmed Nasef, Omnia A. Elhiny, and Ahmed Sh Hashem. "Evaluation of the Effect of Micro-osteoperforations versus Piezopuncture on the Rate of Orthodontic Tooth Movement Associated with Canine Retraction." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 9, no. D (August 7, 2021): 113–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.6173.
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AIM: The aim of the study was to investigate the effectiveness of using micro-osteoperforations (MOPs) or piezocision in accelerating tooth movement, during canine retraction, compared to standard canine retraction. PATIENTS AND METHODS: A split-mouth study design was carried out with two Groups A and B. Each group contained 10 patients; in each patient, one side was used as a control side and the contralateral side received either MOPs (Group A) or piezocision (Group B). The assessment data were collected by direct intraoral measurements, every 2 weeks, over a 3 months retraction period. RESULTS: Independent t-test, paired t-test, and ANOVA were used to analyze the results. In Group A, there was a statistically significant difference between the study and control sides (p < 0.001) with a total of 4.2 ± 0.5 mm canine retraction in the MOPs assisted canine retraction side versus a 2.8 ± 0.2 mm total canine retraction in the control side. For Group B, there was a statistically significant difference between the study and control sides (p < 0.001) with a total of 3.6 ± 0.4 mm canine retraction in the piezocision-assisted canine retraction side versus a 2.8 ± 0.2 mm total canine retraction in the control. CONCLUSION: MOPs and piezocision techniques accelerated the rate of canine retraction during orthodontic treatment, with the MOPs being slightly more effective.
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Urednistvo, U. "Article retraction notice." Vojnosanitetski pregled 66, no. 1 (2009): 74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/vsp0901074u.
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(retraction) The article 'Prognostic significance of acute bundle branch block in patients with acute myocardial infarction' by Mijailovic V, Mrdovic I, Ilic M, Asanin M, Srdic M, Rajic D was retracted at the request of the editors because the authors had infringed the normal professional and ethical codes by submitting the above article to the Vojnosnitetski pregled after an article with substantial overlap of its content (patients, methods,results and conclusions) had been accepted for publication and published in another journal, ABC - casopis urgentne medicine. (1) Mijailovic V, Mrdovic I, Ilic M, Asanin M, Srdic M, Rajic D. 'Prognostic significance of acute bundle branch block in patients with acute myocardial infarction' Vojnosanit Pregl 2008; 65(10): 733-7. (Serbian) (2) Mijailovic V, Mrdovic I, Ilic M, Perunicic J, Asanin M, Lasica R, Savic L, Srdic M, Jozic T, Rajic D, Terzic B, Matic D, Matic M, Vasiljevic Z. 'Prognostic significance of acute bundle branch block with patients suffering from myocardial infarction'. ABC - casopis urgentne medicine 2007; 7(2-3): 104-8. (Serbian) . <br><br><font color="red"><b>Link to the retracted article <u><a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/VSP0810733M">10.2298/VSP0810733M</a></b></u></font>
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Greco, Cinthya Massari, Taciana Emília de Almeida Anfe, Taciana Marco Ferraz Caneppele, and Carlos Martins Agra. "Gingival retraction: thickness measurement and comparison of different cords." Brazilian Dental Science 18, no. 2 (May 19, 2015): 50. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/bds.2015.v18i2.1060.
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<p><strong>Objective</strong>: To measure the thickness of five different brands of gingival retraction cords and verify whether there would be a relationship among the sizes and their numbers and a coherent increasing from the thinnest to the largest thickness. <strong>Material</strong> <strong>and</strong> <strong>Methods</strong>: the following cords were evaluated: Gengiret(G), Retraflex(RF), Retractor(RT), Ultrapack(UP), and Pro Retract(PR). Pieces of the cords were placed beside a metallic ruler and photographed standardly regarding to the distance and light. The measurements of the thickness were performed through imaging software (Adobe Photoshop CS6 - Adobe Systems, San Jose, CA, USA). The obtained data were submitted to statistical analysis (one-way ANOVA and post hoc Sheffé test (p = 0.05)). <strong>Results</strong>: The number and the thickness of the cords mismatched for most of the brands evaluated. Two brands (UP and PR) showed a thickness increasing that mismatched the size increasing between the thinnest and largest cord. <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The number assigned to the cords by the manufactures did not correspond to a standard thickness, so that the dentist must observe the risk of using cords from different brands during gingival retraction procedures during techniques requiring more than one retraction cord.</p>
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Heo, Wook, Dong-Seok Nahm, and Seung-Hak Baek. "En Masse Retraction and Two-Step Retraction of Maxillary Anterior Teeth in Adult Class I Women." Angle Orthodontist 77, no. 6 (November 1, 2007): 973–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2319/111706-464.1.
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Abstract Objective: To compare the amount of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth and amount of retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth between en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth. Materials and Methods: The sample consisted of 30 female adult patients with Class I malocclusion and lip protrusion who needed maximum posterior anchorage. The sample was subdivided into group 1 (n = 15, mean age = 21.4 years, en masse retraction) and group 2 (n = 15, mean age = 24.6 years, two-step retraction). Lateral cephalograms were taken before (T1) and after treatment (T2). Nine skeletal and 10 anchorage variables were measured, and independent t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results: Although the amount of horizontal retraction of the maxillary anterior teeth was not different between the two groups, there was mild labial movement of the root apices of the upper incisors in group 2 at T2. There were no significant differences in the degree of anchorage loss of the maxillary posterior teeth between the two groups. Bodily and mesial movements of the upper molars occurred in both groups. Approximately 4 mm of the retraction of the upper incisal edges resulted from 1 mm of anchorage loss in the upper molars in both groups. Conclusion: No significant differences existed in the degree of anchorage loss of the upper posterior teeth and the amount of retraction of the upper anterior teeth associated with en masse retraction and two-step retraction of the anterior teeth.
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Stovold, Elizabeth Margaret. "Open Access Works are as Reliable as Other Publishing Models at Retracting Flawed Articles from the Biomedical Literature." Evidence Based Library and Information Practice 9, no. 3 (September 9, 2014): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.18438/b8qk6d.
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A Review of:
Peterson, G.M. (2013). Characteristics of retracted open access biomedical literature: a bibliographic analysis. Journal of the American Society for Information Science and Technology. 64(12), 2428-2436. doi: 10.1002/asi.22944
Abstract
Objective – To investigate whether the rate of retracted articles and citation rates post-retraction in the biomedical literature are comparable across open access, free-to-access, or pay-to-access journals.
Design – Citation analysis.
Setting – Biomedical literature.
Subjects – 160 retracted papers published between 1st January 2001 and 31st December 2010.
Methods – For the retracted papers, 100 records were retrieved from the PubMed database and 100 records from the PubMed Central (PMC) open access subset. Records were selected at random, based on the PubMed identifier. Each article was assigned a number based on its accessibility using the specific criteria. Articles published in the PMC open access subset were assigned a 2; articles retrieved from PubMed that were freely accessible, but did not meet the criteria for open access were assigned a 1; and articles retrieved through PubMed which were pay-to-access were assigned a 0. This allowed articles to be grouped and compared by accessibility.
Citation information was collected primarily from the Science Citation Index. Articles for which no citation information was available, and those with a lifetime citation of 0 (or 1 where the citation came from the retraction statement) were excluded, leaving 160 articles for analysis. Information on the impact factor of the journals was retrieved and the analysis was performed twice; first with the entire set, and second after excluding articles published in journals with an impact factor of 10 or above (14% of the total). The average number of citations per month was used to compare citation rates, and the percentage change in citation rate pre- and post-retraction was calculated. Information was also collected on the time between the date the original article was published and the date of retraction, and the availability of information on the reason for the retraction.
Main results – The overall rate of retracted articles in the PMC open access subset compared with the wider PubMed dataset was similar (0.049% and 0.028% respectively). In the group with an accessibility rating of 0, the change in citation rate pre- and post-retraction was -41%. For the group with an accessibility rating of 1, the change was -47% and in those with a rating of 2, the change in citation rate was -59%. Removing articles published in high impact factor journals did not change the results significantly. Retractions were issued more slowly for free access papers compared with open or fee-based articles. The bibliographic records for open access articles disclosed details of the reason for the retraction more frequently than free, non-open papers (91% compared to 53%).
Conclusion – Open access literature is similar in its rate of retraction and the reduction in post-retraction citations to the rest of the biomedical literature, and is actually more reliable at reporting the reason for the retraction.
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Ruellas, Antônio Carlos de Oliveira, Matheus Melo Pithon, and Rogério Lacerda dos Santos. "Maxillary incisor retraction: evaluation of different mechanisms." Dental Press Journal of Orthodontics 18, no. 2 (April 2013): 101–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2176-94512013000200021.
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OBJECTIVE: To mechanically evaluate different systems used for incisors retraction. METHODS: Three different methods for incisors retraction using 0.019 x 0.025-in stainless steel wire were evaluated. The samples were divided into three groups: Group A (retraction arch with 7-mm high vertical hooks); Group G3 (elastic chain attached to the miniimplant and to the 3-mm stainless steel hook soldered to the retraction arch); Group G6 (elastic chain attached to the mini-implant and to the 6-mm stainless steel hook soldered to the retraction arch). A dental mannequin was used for evaluation in order to simulate the desired movements when the device was exposed to a heat source. The analysis of variance (ANOVA) and the Tukey test were used (p < 0.05). RESULTS: The results demonstrated that Groups G3 and G6 exhibited less extrusion and less incisor inclination during the retraction phase (p < 0.05). With regard to incisor extrusion, statistically significant differences were observed between Groups A and G3, and between Groups A and G6 (p < 0.05). Regarding incisor inclination, statistically significant differences were observed between the three systems evaluated (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Arches with 6-mm vertical hooks allow the force to be applied on the center of resistance of the incisors, thus improving mechanical control when compared with the other two systems.
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Cumerlato, Marina Lucia, Darlene Ribeiro dos Santos Gerzson, Edison Maciel Nunes De Souza Filho, Everton Ribeiro Dos Santos, Marina Lucia Cumerlato, and Alexandre Da Silveira Gerzson. "Contaminação microbiológica de fios retratores: um estudo in vitro." Revista Odonto Ciência 32, no. 1 (October 3, 2017): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.15448/1980-6523.2017.1.26482.
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OBJECTIVE: Dental care has been particularly concerned with sterilization of instruments and materials. In this context, the methods used for infection control are essential to ensure patients’ safety. This in vitro study aimed to test gingival retraction cords taken from factory- sealed containers for the presence of contamination. Three commercial brands of retraction cords were analyzed: Retraflex®, Pró-Retract®, and Ultrapack®.METHODS: The sample consisted of 10 1-cm segments of retraction cords of each commercial brand (n = 30). For bacterial growth analysis, 30 test tubes containing sterile brain heart infusion (BHI) as the culture medium were used. Bacterial growth was considered positive in tubes in which the BHI broth became turbid.RESULTS: Of 30 test tubes with retraction cords, six showed turbidity and were considered contaminated: three tubes with Retraflex®, one tube with Pro-Retract®, and two tubes with Ultrapack®, accounting for 20% of the total sample.CONCLUSIONS: The present findings showed that some retraction cords received from the manufacturers were contaminated with microorganisms. Thus, extra caution should be taken when using these materials, and further studies should be conducted.
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Kotil, Kadir, Tamer Tunckale, Zeynep Tatar, Macit Koldas, Alev Kural, and Turgay Bilge. "Serum creatine phosphokinase activity and histological changes in the multifidus muscle: a prospective randomized controlled comparative study of discectomy with or without retraction." Journal of Neurosurgery: Spine 6, no. 2 (February 2007): 121–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3171/spi.2007.6.2.121.
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Object The aim of this study was to determine the extent of muscle injury caused by continuous or intermittent muscle retraction during macro- and microdiscectomy in lumbar disc surgery. Pain scores, serum creatine phosphokinase (CPK) levels, and histological findings obtained in muscle specimens were compared. Methods Sixty patients who underwent surgery for a one-level disc herniation during a 1-year period (January 2004–January 2005) and who had similar demographic characteristics were randomly assigned to one of four groups, each consisting of 15 patients: Group A, microdiscectomy in which the retractor was never released; Group B, microdiscectomy in which the retractor was released every 15 minutes; Group C, macrodiscectomy in which the retractor was never released; and Group D, macrodiscectomy in which the retractor was released every 15 minutes. Muscle biopsy samples were acquired in each group, and biochemical studies were conducted to determine serum CPK levels. The duration of muscle retraction was 15 minutes followed by 3 minutes of relaxation in Groups B and D. In all groups, muscle degeneration and elevation in serum CPK levels were observed immediately after surgery. The overall results, however, were different. The decline of serum CPK levels started 1 week after surgery. The smallest degree of muscle injury (reflected by the lowest serum CPK level) was observed in Group B. When the pre- and postoperative CPK values were compared in all groups, the patients in Groups B and D reported the least amount of back pain (p < 0.001). No significant differences in serum CPK levels were observed between Groups A and C or between Groups B and D. The extent of back pain was evaluated using a visual analog scale, and the consumption of analgesics was also assessed. The groups exhibited significantly different responses: the lowest analgesic consumption and the lowest pain scores were demonstrated in Groups B and D. Conclusions In this prospective randomized clinical trial, the authors determined that muscle injury during lumbar disc surgery was closely related to muscle retraction and relaxation times whereas the size of the paravertebral skin incision had no effect on postoperative back pain and disability. There was no significant difference among the groups in terms of back pain during the long-term follow-up period (18–19 months).
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Schneider, Jodi, Di Ye, Alison M. Hill, and Ashley S. Whitehorn. "Continued post-retraction citation of a fraudulent clinical trial report, 11 years after it was retracted for falsifying data." Scientometrics 125, no. 3 (October 14, 2020): 2877–913. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11192-020-03631-1.
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AbstractThis paper presents a case study of long-term post-retraction citation to falsified clinical trial data (Matsuyama et al. in Chest 128(6):3817–3827, 2005. 10.1378/chest.128.6.3817), demonstrating problems with how the current digital library environment communicates retraction status. Eleven years after its retraction, the paper continues to be cited positively and uncritically to support a medical nutrition intervention, without mention of its 2008 retraction for falsifying data. To date no high quality clinical trials reporting on the efficacy of omega-3 fatty acids on reducing inflammatory markers have been published. Our paper uses network analysis, citation context analysis, and retraction status visibility analysis to illustrate the potential for extended propagation of misinformation over a citation network, updating and extending a case study of the first 6 years of post-retraction citation (Fulton et al. in Publications 3(1):7–26, 2015. 10.3390/publications3010017). The current study covers 148 direct citations from 2006 through 2019 and their 2542 second-generation citations and assesses retraction status visibility of the case study paper and its retraction notice on 12 digital platforms as of 2020. The retraction is not mentioned in 96% (107/112) of direct post-retraction citations for which we were able to conduct citation context analysis. Over 41% (44/107) of direct post-retraction citations that do not mention the retraction describe the case study paper in detail, giving a risk of diffusing misinformation from the case paper. We analyze 152 second-generation citations to the most recent 35 direct citations (2010–2019) that do not mention the retraction but do mention methods or results of the case paper, finding 23 possible diffusions of misinformation from these non-direct citations to the case paper. Link resolving errors from databases show a significant challenge in a reader reaching the retraction notice via a database search. Only 1/8 databases (and 1/9 database records) consistently resolved the retraction notice to its full-text correctly in our tests. Although limited to evaluation of a single case (N = 1), this work demonstrates how retracted research can continue to spread and how the current information environment contributes to this problem.