Academic literature on the topic 'Methology'

The author has been working in the field of Science philosophy and research methology for more that a decade. *Please note: This is a reduced version of the abstract. Please refer to PDF for full text.

The article presents detailed review of works and opinions of different researchers on the problem of studying the state policy of the Russian Federation in the sphere of national security. Historical publications, works of classical scholars, publicists, politicians and public figures have been analyzed. The methology of studying the establishment and development of national security in the Russian Federation has been considered.

Recently, switching regulator clock rate and transition time have become faster, making diode turn-on time a critical issue. A potential difficulty due to diode turn-on time is that the resultant transitory overshoot voltage across the diode, even when restricted to nanoseconds, can induce overvoltage stress, causing switching regulator IC failure. This paper provides a testing methology enabling proper diode selection for switching regulators.

There were presented the results of single-stage epidemiological research in methology World Health Organization the aim of which was to evaluate the influence of some factors on fertility of city and country female population. Among 2545 women who filled in forms and live in a city (2000) and country (545), 16,4% and 17,0% are sterile. Secondary sterility prevails primary one. The main reasons of sterility are infectious diseases of pelvis minor organs, abortions, abnormality of menstrual cycle, miscarriages and contraception.

The nature of Web system development is significantly different from conventional software development. Good method for system development is needed. Analysis show, that main known system development methods are good at describing static web application aspects, but does not provide a good description for modeling web application behavioral characteristics. This work uses model driven approach as one, suitable for dealing with web application development problems. The key aspect of model driven approach is specifying system domain model independent of any particular technology (J2EE, Microsoft .NET, etc.) and then generating platform specific model or its implementation. The UML is user-friendly, easy to use and is useful for describing system effectively. Specification expressed in terms of UML can be rendered into an XML document using the OMG’s XMI DTD for UML, which makes UML suitable for model driven approach implementation. In this work, method for specifying application behavior design using UML was presented. This method gives rules for specifying web application behavior model, suitable for its implementation code generation. The main components used in today’s web application which implementation could be generated from the model were also described. It was shown, that it is possible to generate much of implementation, just using such a model representation in XMI. The main idea presented in this work is that web application development should be model driven as... [to full text]

La nature, la specificite et la scientificite d'une approche de la construction de connaissances, son role dans la production de savoirs sur les pratiques educatives sont des questions qui orientent la comparaison entre deux projets de formation et recherche dans lesquels l'auteur a participe. L'analyse comparative est ensuite elargie a vingt trois projets developpes au portugal,debutant entre 1978 et 1986,dans les domaines de l'education pre-scolaire,la formation des enseignants,l'education des adultes et le developpement communautaire. Les caracteristiques des systemes en interaction - systeme d'intervention. Systeme a changer (defini par rapport a son systeme environnant) et systeme d'evaluation recherche constituent une grille d'analyse permettant d'aboutir a une typologie. Celle-ci se fonde sur le processus de construction de modeles de ces systemes et leur organisation dans un modele global en fonction de la production de savoirs sur les pratiques soit des intervenants soit des acteurs sociaux. L'analyse qualitative de demarches qui articulent le changement et la production de savoirs,intitulees ou non recherche-action,permet finalement de differencier des niveaux de scientificite selon la rigueur de l'evaluation et de la formalisation theorique des modeles construits

La pregunta que ens plantegem en aquest estudi es si es pot utilitzar un mètode de treball corporal creatiu per desenvolupar el programa de llengua italiana durant els primers anys de l'escola primària, aconseguint els objectius i les fites proposades. Des del punt de vista teòric, per dur a terme la nostra investigació, hem fet referència als autors que han explorat les diferents àrees de treball corporal, la dansa (Guerber-Walsh, Leray i Macouvert, 2000, Govoni, 1998), l'expressió corporal (Schinca, 1989, Strokoe, 1967, Brikman, 1975), la psicomotricitat (Lapierre, 1984, Aucouturier, 1985, Chokler, 1988, Sassano, 2003, Maude, ,1988) amb el moviment autèntic (Zocca, 2004, Pallaro, 2003, Kestenberg, 1965) i altres mètodes o tècniques (Feldenkrais, 1980, Rolf, 1977, Hengstenberg, 1994, Pikler, 1985, Guerra Lisi, 1991), mentre que des del punt de vista epistemològic situem el nostre treball en el marc del pensament constructivista (Piaget, 1967, Vigostki, 1979, Ausubel, 1983). Respecte al punt de vista metodològic hem dut a terme un estudi de cas, realitzant el treball de camp en una escola primària italiana durant dos anys lectius, respectivament, al primer i segon curs, en un context: d’ensenyament en què una professora aplica una metodologia específica basada en el treball corporal i el joc. En relació a les eines emprades, en tractar-se d'una investigació qualitativa s'han realitzat entrevistes, diari de camp, fotografies i gravacions de vídeo. Posteriorment s'han emprat alguns elements quantitatius par a l'avaluació i l'organització de dades. En comparar els resultats s'ha posat de manifest que aquests procediments es poden desenvolupar amb el programa ministerial, donant lloc a nombrosos estímuls i produint una forta motivació per a l'aprenentatge. També es millora l'ambient a l’aula i les relacions entre l'individu i el grup alhora que s'aconsegueix un bon nivell d'inclusió i participació activa de tots els nens. Amb la intenció d'indagar sobre el pensament dels docents en relació a aquest tipus de metodologia aplicada a l'escola primària, s'han realitzat entrevistes a diferents professors de la mateixa ciutat impulsats en un projecte d'art de difusió internacional, el projecte Mus-e. Durant el desenvolupament de l'estudi de cas van sorgir dificultats en relació a l’estructura de l'escola, l'organització i els canvis decidits a causa de la recent reforma. Intentar emprar també les eines quantitatives per avaluar els resultats aconseguits pels nens no ha demostrat ser útil per documentar el procés d'aprenentatge i d'avaluació, mentre que l’anàlisi de dades qualitatives ha fet palès clarament els avenços i assoliment dels nens i la influència del mètode escollit per la professora, en relació amb l'aprenentatge i les relacions. Considerem que aquesta metodologia activa utilitzada a les escoles primàries ofereix les mateixes oportunitats a tots els nens, independentment dels seus condicionaments socioculturals, o fins i tot de les seves habilitats innates, Creiem que tots els nens se senten involucrats quan reben propostes per al moviment creatiu, que la seva utilització permet fer front a les dificultats d'aprenentatge, la motivació i l'avorriment que molt sovint es donen a l'escola. Creiem que aquesta investigació pot ser desenvolupada i ampliada mitjançant l'extensió de la nostra hipòtesi a altres matèries escolars.
La domanda che si pone iI presente studio è se sia possibile usare un metodo di lavoro corporeo creativo per svolgere il programma di lingua italiana nel primo ciclo della scuola elementare, permettendo il raggiungimento degli obiettivi e dei risultati proposti. Da un punto di vista teorico, per condurre la nostra ricerca abbiamo fatto riferimento ad autori che hanno esplorato diverse aree del lavoro corporeo, dalla danza (Guerber-Walsh, Leray e Macouvert, 2000, Govoni, '1998) all'espressione corporea (Schinca, 1989, Stokoe,1967, Brikman, 1975), alla psicomotricità (Lapierre y Aucouturier, '1984, Chokler, '1988, Sassano, 2003, Maudir, 1988) al movimento autentico (Zocca, 2004, Paliara, 2003, Kestenberg, 1965) e ad altre tecniche o metodi (Feldenkrais, 1980, Rolf,1977, Hengstenberg,1994, Pikler, 1985, Guerra Lisi, 1991), mentre dal punto di vista epistemologico abbiamo inserito il nostro lavoro nel quadro del pensiero costruttivista (Piaget,1967, Vigotskj, 1979, Ausubel, 1983). Dal punto di vista metodologico la scelta è stata di sviluppare uno studio di caso. Le osservazioni sono state raccolte sistematicamente durante due anni scolastici in una scuola elementare italiana rispettivamente nelle classi prima e seconda, documentando in profondità un contesto didattico dove l'insegnante applica una metodologia integrata basata sul lavoro corporeo e teatrale. Trattandosi di ricerca qualitativa gli strumenti utilizzati sono stati interviste, diario di campo, fotografie e videoregistrazioni. Per la comparazione e la sistemazione dei materiali di ricerca sono stati d'ausilio anche alcuni elementi di organizzazione dei dati di tipo quantitativo. I risultati di ricerca mostrano con chiarezza che con l'uso di questa metodologia di insegnamento gli obiettivi previsti dal programma ministeriale par quanto riguarda I'apprendimento dalla lingua vengono pienamente realizzati attraverso molteplici stimoli e con una forte motivazione all'apprendimento. Si migliora il clima della classe e le relazioni individuali e di gruppo. Si ha un ottimo livello di inserimento e di partecipazione atliva di tutti i bambini. Dall'analisi dei dati qualitativi emergono puntualmente i progressi ed i risultati raggiunti dai bambini nonché l'influenza del metodo scelto dall'insegnante in ambito cognitivo e relazionale. Nell'intento di indagare sul pensiero di altri insegnanti in relazione all'uso di una metodologia di lavoro corporeo creativo nella scuola elementare sono stati intervistati altri docenti delia stessa citta, coinvolti nel progetto Mus-e, un progetto artistico di diffusione internazionale. Nello svolgimento del lavoro di campo sono state riscontrate alcune difficoltà legate alla struttura scolastica, all'organizzazione, ai cambiamenti decisi dalla recente riforma. iI tentativo di usare anche strumenti quantitativi per la valutazione dei risultati raggiunti dai bambini non si è rivelato utile a documentare i processi di re!azione a di apprendimento. Mentre nell'analisi dei dati qualitativi emergono chiaramente i progressi e i risultati raggiunti a! bambini nonché l’influenza de! metodo scelto dall'insegnante riguardo all'apprendimento e al!e relazioni. Consideriamo che questa metodologia attiva usata nella scuola elementare offra condizioni di pari opportunità a tutti i bambini, senza tener conto della loro condizione socio-culturale, né delle loro innate attitudini. Crediamo che tutti i bambini si sentano coinvolti quando ricevono proposta di movimento creativo, il che permette di affrontare difficoltà di apprendimento, demotivazione e noia che si riscontrano spesso a scuola. Riteniamo che questa ricerca possa essere ulteriormente sviluppata ed ampilata, estendendo la nostra ipotesi anche ad altre discipline scolastiche.
The question that arises is whether this study can use a method of body work creatively to teach the Italian language in the first years of primary school, allowing the achievement of the expected objectives and targets. From a theoretical point of view, to conduct our research, we made reference to authors who have explored different areas of the body work, dance (Guerber-Walsh, Macouvert and Leray, 2000, Govoni, 1998), expression body (Schinca, 1989, Stokoe, 1967, Brikman, 1975), Locomotion (Lapierre, 1984, Aucouturier, 1985, Chokier, 1988, Sassano, 2003, Maude, 1988) to the real movement (Zocca, 2004, Pallaro, 2003, Kestenberg, 1965) and other methods or techniques (Feldenkrais, 1980, Rolf, 1977, Hengstenberg, 1994, Pikler, 1985, Guerra Lisi, 1991), while from the epistemological point of view we put our work in the framework of constructivist thought (Piaget, 1967, Vigotskj, 1979, Ausubel, '1983). In relation to methods and materials to develop the research we have dealt with a case study, conducting fieldwork in an Italian primary school over two school years, respectively in the first and second classes, teaching in a context where a teacher applies a particular methodology based on body work and play. For this qualitative research, the tools used were interviews, field journal, photographs and video recordings, and, subsequently, some elements of evaluation and organization of quantitative data. The results show clearly that these procedures allow to achieve in full the objectives expected in the ministerial program on learning of Italian language, using several inputs, producing a strong motivation for learning, improving classroom climate and relationships of individuals and groups. It is also possible to reach an optimum level of inclusion and active participation by all children. It was also used an internationally spread art project as a basis to investigate what the teachers think in relation to this kind of methodology. In the performance of the field work there were also difficulties with the school structure, organization, changes decided by the recent reform The .attempt to also use quantitative tools to assess the results achieved by children has not proved useful to document the process of reporting and learning. The analysis of qualitative data shows clearly the progress and achievements of children and the influence of the method chosen by the teacher in relation to learning and relationships. We consider that this active methodology used in primary schools can offer an equal opportunity to all children, regardless of their socio-cultural, or even their innate abilities. We believe that all children feel involved when they receive proposals for creative movement, which allows to face difficulty in learning, motivation and boredom that often occur at school. We believe that this research can be further developed and expanded by extending our hypothesis to other school subjects.
La pregunta que nos planteamos en este estudio es si se puede utilizar un método de trabajo corporal creativo para desarrollar el programa de lengua italiana en los primeros años de la escuela primaria, consiguiendo los objetivos y metas propuestas. Desde el punto de vista teórico, para llevar a cabo nuestra investigación, hemos hecho referencia a los autores que han explorado las diferentes áreas del trabajo corporal, la danza (Guerber-VValsh, leray y Macouvert, 2000, Govoni, 1998) la expresión corporal (Schinca, 1989, Stokoe, 1967, Brikman, 1975), la psicomotricidad (Lapierre y Aucouturier, 1984, Chokler, '1988, Sassano, 2003, Maudir, 1988) con el movimiento auténtico (Zocca, 2004, Paliare, de 2003, Kestenberg, 1965) y otros métodos o técnicas (Feldenkrais, 1980, Rolf, 1977, Hengstenberg, 1994, Plkler, 1985, Guerra Lisi, 1991), mientras que desde el punto de vista epistemológico colocamos nuestro trabajo en el marco del pensamiento constructivista (Piaget, 1967, Vigotskj de '1979, Ausubel, 1983). Desde el punto de vista metodológico hemos optado por el estudio de caso, realizando el trabajo de campo en una escuela primaria italiana durante dos años lectivos, respectivamente, en los cursos primero y segundo en un contexto de enseñanza en el que una profesora aplica una metodología específica basada en el trabajo corporal y el juego. Respecto a las herramientas utilizadas, al tratarse de una investigación cualitativa se realizaron entrevistas, diario de campo, fotografías y grabaciones de vídeo, aunque posteriormente se utilizaron algunos elementos cuantitativos para la evaluación y la organización de datos. En el análisis de los resultados se verificó que estos procedimientos se pueden desarrollar con el programa ministerial, dando lugar a numerosos estímulos, produciendo una fuerte motivación para el aprendizaje, mejorando el clima del aula y las relaciones entre individuo y grupo. También se ha logrado un excelente nivel de inclusión y participación activa de todos los niños. Con la intención de indagar acerca del pensamiento de los docentes en relación con este tipo de metodología aplicada en la escuela primaria se realizaron entrevistas a algunos profesores de la misma ciudad, implicados en un proyecto de arte de difusión internacional, el Proyecto Mus-e. Durante el desarrollo del trabajo de campo surgieron dificultades en relación a la estructura de la escuela, la organización, los cambios decididos por la reciente reforma. El intento de utilizar también las herramientas cuantitativas para evaluar los resultados alcanzados por los niños no ha demostrado ser útil para documentar el proceso de aprendizaje y de evaluación, mientras que el análisis de datos cualitativos mostró claramente los avances y logros de los niños y la influencia del método elegido por la profesora en relación con el aprendizaje y las relaciones. Consideramos que esta metodología activa utilizada en la escuela primaria ofrece las mismas oportunidades a todos los niños, independientemente de sus condiciones socioculturales, o incluso de sus habilidades innatas. Creemos que todos los niños se sienten involucrados cuando reciben propuestas para el movimiento creativo, que el uso del mismo permite hacer frente a las dificultades de aprendizaje, falta de motivación y al aburrimiento que a menudo se verifican en la escuela. Pensamos que esta investigación puede ser desarrollada y ampliada mediante la extensión de nuestra hipótesis a otras materias escolares.

碩士
逢甲大學
電聲碩士學位學程
98
Sound quality is an important issue in sound production today, covering a range of fields from music performance, movies, concerts, household music system, and mechanical noise. It is related to human aural response which is subjective to individual’s ear physiology, preferences, and predilection. Many measurement assessment metrics for sound quality have been defined including frequency and loudness that objectively demonstrate the physical quality of sound. Alternately, based on psychoacoustic studies, this thesis presents loudness, sharpness and roughness to quantify subjective auditory characteristics, and then proposes a sound quality evaluation model. The model incorporates subjective quantity hearing data analysis. In the past, there was no consideration of auditory roughness characteristics of human auditory frequency bands. It is believed auditory roughness has a strong influence on the hearing perception, therefore, the model adds critical-band rate to auditory roughness evaluation. Consequently, the auditory roughness can be clearly illustrated various frequency bands. For experimental analysis, the subjective listening tests were conducted to obtain the hearing satisfaction score and hearing perception preference of individuals for music. The correlation analysis and multiple regression analysis are also used in this work. It may assess the preference of hearing satisfaction score and the relationship between hearing sensation and subjective quantity data. Experimental results verify that the present assessment model can be successfully applied to assess sound quality of audio signals from earphones.

碩士
國立清華大學
工業工程與工程管理學系
89
In recent years, it is a common phenomenon of enterprises using ERP systems to assist business management. The next goal for enterprises to practice is how an enterprise can use knowledge management to make sure that its business processes are executed correctly. For this reason, people begin to put emphases on the concept of workflow gradually. In fact, Workflow means the computerized facilitation or automation of a business process in whole or part, and a workflow system or Workflow Management System (WFMS) is which can completely defines, manages and excutes “workflow” through the execution of a software. An enterprise controls the activities of a process and dispatch its related resource well when the process is executed by the workflow system. An enterprise has to create process definitions first before using WFMS to manage its business process. A process definition is the core of a workflow system, and its main purpose is to describe the workflow model. In other words, a workflow system that can properly finish the execution of a workflow mainly depends on whether the process definitions can provide correct information. For this reason, this research proposes a build-time development procedure of a workflow system based on process definitions. The methodology of this research is composed of three phases. Phase 1 is Workflow Analysis which uses ARIS-Toolset as a business process analysis tool to build workflow models. Phase 2 is Object Classes Definition which uses a meta-model to difine the relationships and attributes of top-level entities in a process definition. Phase 3 is Process Definition which creates workflow process definitions through object concepts and uses XMI documents as a standard storage format of process definitions. Finally, this research designs a simply constructed workflow system which supports process definitions in XMI format, and then explains the development procedure using a simple business process for dealing with a purchase order. The main purpose is to prove the feasibility of the proposed methodology, inclusive of process definitions exporting to a software through XMI format and dynamic changes in the system run-time stage.

碩士
國立臺北科技大學
土木與防災研究所
99
Taiwan’s geographical environment is unique, and the rainfall is unequally distributed in terms of time and space. It''ll induce flood disaster whenever typhoon or storm approach, which cause serious damage of people''s life and property. This study aim to assess the index weight which are relative of hazard, vulnerability and exposure of flood for region disaster risk via Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). Disaster-stricken people''s opinion has their importance too. So AHP questionnaire of this research, ask the expert of the Water Resources Agency and the National Science and Technology Center for Disaster Reduction, the research scholars of various universities, the Disaster-stricken people. The conclusions will show the disaster risk, vulnerability, hazard and exposure distribution. The result of high-risk areas with historical flooding events is consistent. It is helpful to improve the way of assessment in disaster prevention objectively. We will use the results to assist each government to improve their evaluating efficiency and mitigate the harm from the disasters.

The chapter explains a new design methology. On the basis of prehistoric textile products and their cultural design, the smallest units, fabric patterns, the most diverse types of fabric, enmeshment and cross-linking, new arrangements of yarn systems into new one-, two-, or multi-dimensional structures, relationships, systems and networks, how things interrelate with each other is depicted. The method relies on the recognition of patterns and relationships from all possible disciplines, whether textile, architecture, interior design, urban planning, mobility, social media, or social society, which can then be used holistically and sustainably for all complex questions of life and space. On the basis of abstract concepts, attention is trained for units and made available for New ones. This enables completely new perspectives in an ever more complex, social, and societally changing world. The examples and design approaches presented in the chapter concentrate primarily on process development and the associated holistic approaches.

Information retrieval systems utilize user feedback for generating optimal queries with respect to a particular information need. However, the methods that have been developed in IR for generating these queries do not memorize information gathered from previous search processes, and hence cannot use such information in new search processes. Thus, a new search process cannot profit from the results of the previous processes. Web Information Retrieval systems should be able to maintain results from previous search processes, thus learning from previous queries and improving overall retrieval quality. In this chapter, we are using the similarity of a new query to previously learned queries. We then expand the new query by extracting terms from documents, which have been judged as relevant to these previously learned queries. Thus, the new method uses global feedback information for query expansion in contrast to local feedback information, which has been widely used in previous work in query expansion methods. Experimentally, we compared a new query expansion method with two conventional information retrieval methods in local and global query expansion to enhance the traditional information system. From the results gathered it can be concluded that although the traditional IR system performance is high, but we notice that PRF method increases the average recall and decreases the fallout measure.

Accurate cost and lead-time estimation are very important issues during product design stage as well as for procurement process. The initial cost estimate can have profound effect on the project success or its failure. Inaccurate initial cost estimation can lead to financial losses that can have severe consequences on the project and company. Hence it is important to have accurate and easily accessible method for accurate cost and lead-time estimation. There are several estimation methods with focus on different manufacturing processes. These methods are based on general process description, and their process models and associated empirical data have limited accuracy. Also, most of them are not readily accessible to the engineers or procurement personnel. This paper presents application of one the more accurate estimation methods developed by the Air Force for metalcasting cost estimation. The method has been deployed on the Internet and can be easily accessed.