Journal articles: 'Methomyl'

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Meng, Shunlong, Xi Chen, Chao Song, Limin Fan, Liping Qiu, Yao Zheng, Jiazhang Chen, and Pao Xu. "Effect of Chronic Exposure to Pesticide Methomyl on Antioxidant Defense System in Testis of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and Its Recovery Pattern." Applied Sciences 11, no. 8 (April 8, 2021): 3332. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11083332.

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The chronic effect of environmental methomyl on the antioxidant system in testis of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and its recovery pattern was investigated. Tilapia were exposed to sublethal concentrations of 0.2, 2, 20 and 200 μgL−1 methomyl for 30 days and thereafter moved to methomyl-free water for 18 days. Antioxidant levels in testis, including glutathione peroxidase, catalase, glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione reductase, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione, oxidized glutathione were measured every 6 days during the period of exposure, and at 18 days after being transferred to methomyl-free water. The results showed that lower methomyl concentration (0.2 μgL−1) had no effect on the above antioxidants, thus 0.2 μgL−1 could be seen as NOAEL for methomyl to tilapia. However, higher methomyl concentration of 2, 20 and 200 μgL−1 could significantly influence the above antioxidants. Glutathione peroxidase and oxidized glutathione increased significantly. On the contrary, reduced glutathione decreased significantly. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase, glutathione-S-transferase increased at lower methomyl (2 and 20 μgL−1), but decreased at higher methomyl (200 μgL−1). The recovery test showed that oxidative damage caused by lower methomyl of 2 and 20 μgL−1 was reversible, and oxidative damage caused by higher methomyl of 200 μgL−1 was irreversible within 18 days of recovery period.

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Meng, Shunlong, Xi Chen, Chao Song, Limin Fan, Liping Qiu, Gengdong Hu, Jiazhang Chen, and Pao Xu. "Response of Sex Steroid Hormone Synthesis Substrates in Serum and Testes of Male Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) Exposed to Methomyl and Its Recovery Pattern." Applied Sciences 11, no. 22 (November 20, 2021): 10997. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112210997.

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The response of synthetic substrates of sex steroid hormones—cholesterol (CHO), pregnenolone (PREG), and progesterone (PROG)—in the serum and testes of male tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) to the environmental estrogen pesticide methomyl (0.2, 2, 20, and 200 μg·L−1) was evaluated using static-water contact toxicity tests. The results showed that low methomyl concentrations (0.2 and 2 μg·L−1) had no significant effects on the contents of CHO, PREG, and PROG in the serum and testes of male tilapia (p > 0.05). Consequently, the concentration of 2 μg·L−1 could be used as a preliminary reference threshold for the non-effective dose of methomyl in male tilapia. Exposure to high methomyl concentrations (20 and 200 μg·L−1) significantly inhibited the levels of CHO, PREG, and PROG in the serum and testes of male tilapia (p < 0.05) and showed a dose–response relationship. Sex steroid hormone synthesis substrate damage to male tilapia caused by less than 20 μg·L−1 methomyl was reversible, while the damage caused by equal to or greater than 200 μg·L−1 methomyl was irreversible when tilapia were transferred to methomyl-free water for 18 days. Thus, a concentration of 200 μg·L−1 could be used as a reference threshold for irreversible damage caused by methomyl in male tilapia.

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A. Fetoh, Badr El-Sabah, Mahmoud M. Ramadan, and Abdelhadi A. I. Ali. "Chlorfenapyr and Methomyl Deterioration on Spinach Plants and Their Residual Effects in Vitro on Egyptian cotton Leafworm (Spodoptera littoralis)." Nutrition and Food Processing 4, no. 7 (November 13, 2021): 01–08. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2637-8914/068.

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Field trials conducted to determine the degradation of chlorfenapyr and methomyl insecticides in/on spinach leaves. Spinach plants sprayed with chlorfenapyr (Challenger Super™ 24% SC) and methomyl (Neomyl™ 90% SP) at the rates of 50 cm3/100 L water and 715 g/ ha, respectively. The QuEChERS method used for the extraction and clean-up of the samples. Residue amounts determined at 2 h, 2, 4, 6, 9, 13 and 16 days after application by UHPLC-UV. The mean of recovery percentages was 98.78 and 99.05 % for chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. The initial deposits of chlorfenapyr and methomyl on/in spinach leaves, two hours after a single application of the insecticides were 23.17 and 235.37 mg/kg, respectively. The percentages of dissipation of chlorfenapyr were 37.68, 55.29, 69.45, 84.45 and 96.83% for 2, 4, 6, 9 and 16 days after application. The corresponding dissipation percentages of methomyl were 38.27, 56.01, 71.44, 84.34 and 97.81%. The rates of degradation (k values) were 0.212 and 0.223, while the corresponding half-life times (t0.5) were 3.27 and 3.11 days with chlorfenapyr and methomyl, respectively. It could be recommended that single application of chlorfenapyr on Spinach plants at the early ages followed by single application of methomyl at least 17 days before harvest.

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Lin, Ziqiu, Wenping Zhang, Shimei Pang, Yaohua Huang, Sandhya Mishra, Pankaj Bhatt, and Shaohua Chen. "Current Approaches to and Future Perspectives on Methomyl Degradation in Contaminated Soil/Water Environments." Molecules 25, no. 3 (February 8, 2020): 738. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules25030738.

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Methomyl is a broad-spectrum oxime carbamate commonly used to control arthropods, nematodes, flies, and crop pests. However, extensive use of this pesticide in agricultural practices has led to environmental toxicity and human health issues. Oxidation, incineration, adsorption, and microbial degradation methods have been developed to remove insecticidal residues from soil/water environments. Compared with physicochemical methods, biodegradation is considered to be a cost-effective and ecofriendly approach to the removal of pesticide residues. Therefore, micro-organisms have become a key component of the degradation and detoxification of methomyl through catabolic pathways and genetic determinants. Several species of methomyl-degrading bacteria have been isolated and characterized, including Paracoccus, Pseudomonas, Aminobacter, Flavobacterium, Alcaligenes, Bacillus, Serratia, Novosphingobium, and Trametes. The degradation pathways of methomyl and the fate of several metabolites have been investigated. Further in-depth studies based on molecular biology and genetics are needed to elaborate their role in the evolution of novel catabolic pathways and the microbial degradation of methomyl. In this review, we highlight the mechanism of microbial degradation of methomyl along with metabolic pathways and genes/enzymes of different genera.

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Derbalah, Aly, Ahmed Massoud, Ibrahim El-Mehasseb, Moustafa Saad Allah, Mohamed S. Ahmed, Ashraf Al-Brakati, and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy. "Microbial Detoxification of Dimethoate and Methomyl Residues in Aqueous Media." Water 13, no. 8 (April 19, 2021): 1117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w13081117.

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The extensive and random application of major organic pollutants, mainly pesticides, threatens ecosystems and human health. The present study was conducted to isolate and identify microorganisms from some water resources contaminated with pesticides. We investigated the ability of the identified microbes to grow in water spiked with dimethoate and methomyl. We also evaluated the potential effect of the identified microbial isolates on dimethoate and methomyl biodegradation in water. In addition, the total detoxification of dimethoate and methomyl residues in water after treatment with the most effective microbial isolates was confirmed using toxicity tests and analyzing biochemical parameters and histopathological changes in the kidney and liver of treated rats. The microbial isolates were identified as Xanthomonas campestris pv. Translucens and Aspergillus fumigates. Results showed that X. campestris pv. Translucens and A. fumigatus grow in media supplemented with dimethoate and methomyl faster than in other media without both pesticides. About 97.8% and 91.2% of dimethoate and 95% and 87.8% of methomyl (initial concentration of both 5 mg L−1) were biodegraded within 32 days of incubation with X. campestris pv. Translucens and A. fumigatus, respectively. There was no remaining toxicity in rats treated with dimethoate- and methomyl-contaminated water with respect to biochemical parameters and histopathological changes. Collectively, the identified bacterial isolate showed high potential for the complete degradation of dimethoate and methomyl residues in water.

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Nusair, SD, AN Joukhan, AH Bani Rashaid, and AM Rababa’h. "Methomyl induced effect on fortilin and S100A1 in serum and cardiac tissue: Potential biomarkers of toxicity." Human & Experimental Toxicology 38, no. 3 (November 25, 2018): 371–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0960327118814153.

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Methomyl toxicity has been reported as a cause of several accidental and suicidal fatalities. The study is evaluating the effect of lethal methomyl toxicity on fortilin and S100A1 in serum and cardiac tissues. Adult 96 female Sprague-Dawley rats were divided equally into a control (euthanized by cervical dislocation) and a study group (overdosed with methomyl). The levels of fortilin and S100A1 in serum were measured antemortem (to establish the basal levels in serum) and postmortem (to evaluate changes after methomyl exposure) using enzyme-linked immunoassay. S100A1 was immunostained in sections from cardiac tissues. Both proteins in the control were not significantly different ( p > 0.05) compared with the antemortem levels. On the contrast, both biomarkers levels in the intoxicated group were remarkably higher ( p < 0.001) than the control and the antemortem levels. Ventricular tissues from the intoxicated rats presented depleted S100A1 immunostain in cardiomyocytes localized mainly in the epicardium with deeply stained adjacent cardiac fibroblasts. The cardiomyocytes were damaged with a prominent loss of striations compared to normal cardiac tissues from the control. The present outcomes explain to a certain degree the potential toxic effect of methomyl poisoning on the cardiac tissue. Both proteins could be added to the currently available battery of markers for assessing methomyl toxicity.

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Tomasevic, Andjelka, Milka Avramov-Ivic, Slobodan Petrovic, Mica Jovanovic, and Dusan Mijin. "A study of the electrochemical behavior of methomyl on a gold electrode in a neutral electrolyte." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 74, no. 5 (2009): 573–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0905573t.

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A gold electrode was used for the qualitative and quantitative electrochemical determination of analytical methomyl in a neutral electrolyte (0.050 M NaHCO3) using cyclic linear sweep voltammetry. In the potential range from -800 mV vs. SCE to 1000 mV vs. SCE the analytical methomyl was quantitatively determined in the concentration range 4.0-16 mg L-1. In the potential range from -1300 mV vs. SCE to 1300 mV vs. SCE, methomyl was qualitatively determined by two anodic and four cathodic reactions. Cycling the potential in this range for 150 min caused the degradation of the molecule, which was confirmed by HPLC analysis. On the other hand, technical methomyl exhibited an inhibition of the gold electrode surface due to the impurities.

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Mansour, Sameeh A., Abdel-Tawab H. Mossa, and Tarek M. Heikal. "Effects of methomyl on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzymes in rat erythrocytes: In vitro studies." Toxicology and Industrial Health 25, no. 8 (September 2009): 557–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0748233709349829.

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Erythrocytes are a convenient model to understand the membrane oxidative damage induced by various xenobiotic pro-oxidants. This study was designed to investigate the possibility of methomyl (Lannate® 90% SP), S-methyl N-(methylcarbamoyloxy) thioacetimidate, to induce oxidative stress response in rat erythrocytes in vitro. Erythrocytes were incubated for 4 hours at 37°C with different concentrations (0.0, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 mM) of methomyl. The results showed that methomyl decreased acetylcholinesterase (AChE), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities and increased level of lipid peroxidation (LPO) as well as the percentage of haemolysis. The response occurred in a concentration-dependent manner. The study suggested that methomyl has the capability to induce oxidative damage as evidenced by increasing LPO and perturbations in various antioxidant enzymes.

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9

Britt E. Erickson. "EPA targets methomyl insecticide." C&EN Global Enterprise 100, no. 36 (October 10, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/cen-10036-polcon3.

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Martinez-Chuecos, J., F. Molinero-Somolinos, J. Solé-Violàn, and R. Rubio-Sanz. "Management of Methomyl Poisoning." Human & Experimental Toxicology 9, no. 4 (July 1990): 251–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719000900408.

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Eleven patients who suffered methomyl poisoning were admitted to the intensive care unit. All of them showed cholinergic symptoms similar to that produced by organophosphate insecticides but of lesser intensity. Plasma cholinesterase activity was normal in four patients and moderately lower in the remainder (always above 32%). All of the patients showed miosis and none presented with bradycardia. No complications were detected in the acute stage or on further examination a month later. The treatment applied was: (1) gastric lavage or washing the skin; (2) the administration of activated charcoal; (3) small doses of atropine according to symptoms (average of total dose 4.3 mg). All of the patients recovered within 24-48 h. In conclusion, we can assume that methomyl poisoning does not produce serious complications if moderate surveillance is assumed. Only small doses of atropine are required to counteract symptoms.

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Davlianidze, Tatyana Alekseevna, Olga Yurevna Eremina, and Veronika Valentinovna Olifer. "Study of the efficiency of baits based on proinsecticides in relation to susceptible laboratory culture of pharaoh ants." Disinfection affairs, no. 3 (September 2021): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.35411/2076-457x-2021-3-55-62.

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The insecticidal properties of proinsecticides fipronil, indoxacarb, and methomyl were studied against the colonies of Pharaoh ant. It was found that sugar food baits based on fipronil or indoxacarb are effective against colonies of Pharaoh ant in the concentration ranges 0.001–0.1 % and 0.1–1.0 %, respectively. Baits based on 1 % methomyl are also highly effective. In the presence of alternative food, the mortality of workers and queens was reduced. The food attractiveness of ant baits should be increased by introducing honey, peanut butter, and other attractants. Keywords: proinsecticides, fipronil, indoxacarb, methomyl, baits, Pharaoh ant.

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Soliman, Mahmoud. "Effects of UV-Light, Temperature and Storage on the Stability and Biological Effectiveness of Some Insecticides." Journal of Plant Protection Research 52, no. 2 (April 1, 2012): 275–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10045-012-0044-1.

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Effects of UV-Light, Temperature and Storage on the Stability and Biological Effectiveness of Some InsecticidesThe degradation and biological effectiveness of five insecticides, ES-Fenvalerate (Soumi Gold), pirimicarb (Afox), imidacloprid (Emax), buprofenzin (Ablloud) and methomyl (Methiolate) in their aqueous preparations and emulsifiable concentrates, on immature stages of whitefly insectBemisia tabaci. when exposed to UV-light, two different temperatures and daylight and dark storage after exposure intervals was studied. The results indicated the degradation rates of the five tested insecticides varied according to the chemical structure, time of exposure and wavelength of UV-rays used. Of all the five insecticides, methomyl was the most affected by UV-rays. Losses of ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl within this period were 11.30, 14.80, 29.03, 31.83 and 39%, respectively after one hour to UV-ray exposure. A significant increase in LC50value was obtained when ES-Fenvalerate in aqueous preparation was exposed to UV-light for 6 hr. The LC50values and their confidence ranges in aqueous preparations and emulsifiable concentrates were 107.5 ppm (51.7-199.2) and 93.10 ppm (48.3-150.4). The residual level of Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl were 13.52, 17.54 ppm; 12.67, 15.87 ppm; 11.78, 16.47 ppm; 11.38, 14.73 ppm; and 11.36, 11.83 ppm for two days exposed to daylight and dark storage. Insecticides could be arranged according to LC50values at zero-time as follow: ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl. The corresponding values of LC50were 3.40, 15.4, 15.6, 16.2 and 23.5 ppm for daylight storage. On the other hand, the dark storage exposure for the tested insecticides could be arranged according to LC50values as follow: ES-Fenvalerate, imidacloprid, pirimicarb, buprofenzin and methomyl. The corresponding LC50were 3.20, 14.8, 14.9, 15.9 and 21.3 ppm, respectively. In general, the amount recovered after a one day, 45°C exposure were 14.63, 12.84, 12.79, 12.14 and 11.76 ppm, for ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl, respectively. While the amounts recovered after a three day 45°C exposure were 9.28, 8.34, 7.76, 7.72 and 5.83 ppm for ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid, buprofenzin and methomyl, respectively. Efficiency against whitefly insect,B. tabaciimmature stages was affected when aqueous preparations of the five tested insecticides were stored at 45°C for one and three days, compared to those stored under normal condition of 25°C for the same periods of time. Generally it could be concluded that buprofenzin n and methomyl, were more affected by UV-light, storage and temperature than ES-Fenvalerate, pirimicarb, imidacloprid.

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Malhat, F., H. Watanabe, and A. Youssef. "Degradation profile and safety evaluation of methomyl residues in tomato and soil." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 8, no. 2 (July 1, 2015): 55–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2015-0008.

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Summary A high performance liquid chromatography with the photodiode array detector (HPLCDAD) analytical method was developed to determine the residue levels and investigate the dissipation pattern and safety use of methomyl in tomato and soil. Methomyl residues were extracted from tomato and soil samples with ethyl acetate. The extract was cleaned up with the QuEChERS method. The results showed that the average recoveries were in the range of 87.1-94.5%, with RSD of 6.9-11.2%. Limits of detection (LOD) and quantification (LOQ) were 0.005 and 0.007 mg/kg, respectively. The residue levels of methomyl were best described to first order rate kinetics and half-lives ranged from 1.34 to 1.8 days in tomato and soil, respectively. The theoretical maximum residue contributions for methomyl on tomato were found to be less than the maximum permissible intake values even on zero days, therefore consumer health risks are minimal at the recommended dose on tomato.

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Al-Rajab, A. J., A. M. Alhababy, and T. Alfaifi. "Persistence of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl in qat leaves." Hellenic Plant Protection Journal 9, no. 2 (July 1, 2016): 51–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hppj-2016-0006.

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SummaryQat leaves are chewed on a daily basis by approximately 10 million inhabitants of different countries. This study investigated the persistence of three insecticides most used in qat production, imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl. These chemicals were applied separately on plots of ten qat trees each at the recommended application rates. Samples of qat leaves were collected separately at time 0 (1 h post-treatment) and 1, 3, 7, 12, 19, 26 and 37 days after application. The residues of the investigated pesticides were extracted and then quantified by liquid chromatography (LC-MS/MS). The half-lives of imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl were 12.2, 11.7, and 5.1 days, respectively. Overall, our findings showed that imidacloprid and acetamiprid were more persistent than methomyl in qat leaves. Taking into account the maximum residue limits (MRL) in lettuce, due to lack of MRL in qat leaves, the residue concentrations were below MRL for imidacloprid 7 days after application, and 1 day after application for acetamiprid and methomyl.

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Zheng, Yao, Addotey Tracy Naa Adoley, Benkhelifa Fateh, Wei Wu, Gengdong Hu, Liping Qiu, and Jiazhang Chen. "Determination of Methomyl Residues in Bohe by Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS)." International Journal of Analytical Chemistry 2020 (November 5, 2020): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2020/8817964.

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The aim of this work is to investigate the presence of methomyl pesticide residue and the rate of disappearance in mint cultivated in the aquaponics system based on the application of UPLC-MS to establish a safety time interval before crop harvesting. Results showed that an effective and sensitive method based on UPLC-MS has been used for the determination of methomyl pesticide residues in mint. The initial residue level was much higher in roots (79.52 μg/kg), and it can be decreased to 16.73 (after 15 days) μg/kg and 3.31 (20 days) μg/kg, while the least was detected on the mix leaves and stems (44.54 μg/kg), and it can be decreased to 15.35 (after 20 days). In our case, we suggest that a safety interval in the range of 15–20 days should be allowed after the detection of methomyl in water, and the concentration of methomyl was lower than the acceptable daily intake (ADI) of the China Food and Drug Administration (CFDA) (20 μg/kg).

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Mohamed, Abdul K., Jen-Rong Yang, and Fred R. S. Nelson. "INFLUENCE OF INSECTICIDES - CYTOPLASMIC POLYHEDROSIS VIRUS COMBINATIONS ON PUPAL WEIGHT AND FECUNDITY OF TOBACCO BUDWORM (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE)." Journal of Entomological Science 24, no. 4 (October 1, 1989): 539–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-24.4.539.

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Laboratory studies were conducted to determine the response of healthy and cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus (CPV) infected Heliothis virescens (F.) larvae to LD50 of methomyl and methyl parathion. Methomyl-CPV combination adversely affected pupal weight and fecundity of the female. The effect of this interaction was synergistic. Exposure of CPV infected larvae to LD50 of methomyl resulted in a mean female pupal weight of 243 mg and a fecundity of 382 per female moth. These values were significantly lower than those of all other treatments. In contrast methyl parathion-CPV combinations did not result in a significant reduction in pupal weight as compared to the control. Adult emergence and egg hatch were not affected.

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Hogmire, H. W., M. W. Brown, and V. L. Crim. "Toxicity of Slide Dip Application of Five Insecticides to Apple Aphid and Spirea Aphid (Homoptera: Aphididae)2." Journal of Entomological Science 25, no. 1 (January 1, 1990): 10–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-25.1.10.

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A slide-dip bioassay using laboratory colonies revealed that apple aphid, Aphis pomi DeGeer, was more susceptible to esfenvalerate and methomyl, but less susceptible to azinphosmethyl than spirea aphid, A. spiraecola Patch. Susceptibility to endosulfan and chlorpyrifos was not significantly different between the two species. For A. pomi, order of insecticide toxicity was esfenvalerate > methomyl > endosulfan > chlorpyrifos > azinphosmethyl. For A. spiraecola, order of toxicity was esfenvalerate > methomyl > azinphosmethyl > chlorpyrifos > endosulfan. Knowledge of which species was present in a given apple orchard and the selective use of insecticides could result in more efficient aphid control while reducing toxicity to predators used in IPM programs.

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Gai, Ke, Huili Qi, Xiulan Zhu, and Mingye Wang. "Preparation of Ag-Fe3O4 nanoparticles sensor and application in detection of methomyl." E3S Web of Conferences 118 (2019): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201911801002.

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Ag-doped Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Ag-Fe3O4) was successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method and performed a simple chemical reaction process in a significantly shorter time than traditional solvothermal method. Furthermore, Ag-Fe3O4 electrochemical sensor was prepared using chitosan and acetic acid as crosslinkers, and the electrochemical behavior of methomyl on the electrode was studied by cyclic voltammetry. Experimental results showed that the electrode had faster response, higher detection sensitivity and better stability for methomyl. Under optimal conditions, the linear current response was achieved in the concentration range of 2.97×10-5 mol·L-1～3.47×10-4 mol·L-1, with the detection limit of 2.08×10-5 mol·L-1. The methomyl in different vegetable samples was detected, and its recovery rate was between 90%～98%.

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Tomasevic, Andjelka, Goran Boskovic, Dusan Mijin, Sonja Djilas, and Erne Kis. "The extremely high stability of carbofuran pesticide in acidic media." Acta Periodica Technologica, no. 38 (2007): 97–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/apt0738097t.

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Environment friendly iron catalysts were applied in the decomposition reactions of some toxic compounds like phenol, methomyl and corbofuran pesticide. The applied catalytic processes belong to photo-Fenton reactions. Heterogeneous iron catalysts showed significant activity in phenol and methomyl conversion, however, these catalysts were completely inactive in destruction of carbofuran molecule, even in the catalytic reaction promoted with UV light at high temperature.

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Srikhaow, Assadawoot, Wasitthi Chaengsawang, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul, and Siwaporn M. Smith. "Adsorption Kinetics of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid and Methomyl Pesticides in Aqueous Solution onto Eucalyptus Woodchip Derived Biochar." Minerals 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050528.

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This work reports the application of a biochar (BC) derived from eucalyptus wood chips to remove pesticides (imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl) from water. The pseudo-second order kinetic adsorption model is the best fit describing the adsorption of pesticides on BC. Furthermore, the Langmuir model correlated well with the adsorption isotherm data for acetamiprid and methomyl, while the Freundlich model was selected to explain the adsorption of imidacloprid on BC. The maximum adsorption capacities for methomyl, imidacloprid and acetamiprid on the BC material are 32.42, 14.75 and 4.87 mg g−1, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity of methomyl on the BC surface could be the result of multilayer adsorption suggested by the adsorption isotherm studies, with imidacloprid (or acetamiprid) monolayer being adsorbed on the BC surface. The structure, functional groups of pesticides, including their polarity, all played an important role contributing to the performance of biochar sorbent. Preferable interactions between the studied pesticides and the BC surface may include π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The steric aromatic entity in adsorbed imidacloprid and acetamiprid on the BC surface may hinder the possibility of other pesticide molecules approaching the available sorption sites on the surface.

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Srikhaow, Assadawoot, Wasitthi Chaengsawang, Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat, Puangrat Kajitvichyanukul, and Siwaporn M. Smith. "Adsorption Kinetics of Imidacloprid, Acetamiprid and Methomyl Pesticides in Aqueous Solution onto Eucalyptus Woodchip Derived Biochar." Minerals 12, no. 5 (April 24, 2022): 528. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12050528.

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This work reports the application of a biochar (BC) derived from eucalyptus wood chips to remove pesticides (imidacloprid, acetamiprid and methomyl) from water. The pseudo-second order kinetic adsorption model is the best fit describing the adsorption of pesticides on BC. Furthermore, the Langmuir model correlated well with the adsorption isotherm data for acetamiprid and methomyl, while the Freundlich model was selected to explain the adsorption of imidacloprid on BC. The maximum adsorption capacities for methomyl, imidacloprid and acetamiprid on the BC material are 32.42, 14.75 and 4.87 mg g−1, respectively. The highest adsorption capacity of methomyl on the BC surface could be the result of multilayer adsorption suggested by the adsorption isotherm studies, with imidacloprid (or acetamiprid) monolayer being adsorbed on the BC surface. The structure, functional groups of pesticides, including their polarity, all played an important role contributing to the performance of biochar sorbent. Preferable interactions between the studied pesticides and the BC surface may include π-π interactions and hydrogen bonding. The steric aromatic entity in adsorbed imidacloprid and acetamiprid on the BC surface may hinder the possibility of other pesticide molecules approaching the available sorption sites on the surface.

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Khodayari, Khosro, Roy J. Smith, and N. Philip Tugwell. "Interaction of Propanil and Selected Insecticides on Rice (Oryza sativa)." Weed Science 34, no. 5 (September 1986): 800–803. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500067886.

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Field experiments determined the potential interaction of insecticides and propanil [N-(3,4-dichlorophenyl) propanamide] in drill-seeded rice (Oryza sativaL. ‘Bond’). The carbamate insecticides carbaryl (1-naphthylmethylcarbamate) and methomyl {S-methylN-[(methylcarbamoyl) oxy] thioacetimidate} interacted more severely with propanil than the organophosphate methyl parathion [O,O-dimethylO-(p-nitrophenyl) phosphorothioate] in emulsifiable or encapsulated formulations. Carbaryl and methomyl injured rice vegetatively when applied from 7 days before to 4 days after propanil. Carbaryl was the only insecticide that interacted with propanil to reduce rice grain yield. Insecticides interacted adversely with propanil on rice grain yield when they were applied 2 days before propanil treatment. Insecticide interactions with propanil from most to least phytotoxic to rice plants for all times of application were: carbaryl > methomyl > emulsifiable methyl parathion > encapsulated methyl parathion.

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23

Conaway, James E., J. B. Audino, E. Bane, S. K. Carrigan, R. Glinsky, S. W. King, M. W. Law, et al. "Determination of Methomyl in Insecticidal Formulations by Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography: Collaborative Study." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 79, no. 4 (July 1, 1996): 941–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoac/79.4.941.

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Abstract A reversed-phase liquid chromatographic (LC) method for methomyl was studied. Twelve collaborators analyzed 3 solid and 4 liquid formulations on both a Zorbax octadecylsilane (ODS) column and a similar column of their choice. Methomyl and the internal standard were separated by using a mobile phase consisting of approximately 8% acetonitrile in water, which was monitored at 254 nm. The coefficient of variation on the Zorbax column ranged from 0.70 to 5.23%, while the range on the collaborators' house columns was 1.08 to 6.01%. Results with the Zorbax ODS column fell within the 5% 2-tail limits, and 10 of 11 collaborators' results fell within these limits on house columns. The LC method for determination of methomyl in insecticidal formulations has been adopted first action by AOAC INTERNATIONAL.

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Handel, Cristine Luise, Sandra Cristina Kothe Milach, Luiz Carlos Federizzi, Rosa Lia Barbieri, Fernanda Bered, and Ana Lúcia Cunha Dornelles. "Utilização do inseticida Methomyl na seleção de genótipos de aveia resistentes à helmintosporiose." Ciência Rural 29, no. 2 (June 1999): 199–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-84781999000200003.

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A helmintosporiose é uma moléstia que afeta a cultura da aveia, reduzindo seu rendimento e qualidade de grão. A seleção de genótipos resistentes com utilização de filtrados tóxicos do fungo Helminthosporium sativum é eficaz, pois delimita a variabilidade do patógeno e reduz a interferência do ambiente na expressão do genótipo. Contudo, a obtenção dos filtrados tóxicos deste fungo é um processo lento e delicado. Dessa forma, a possibilidade do uso de substâncias sintéticas que simulem seu efeito, inibindo o transporte de elétrons da cadeia respiratória, é de grande interesse. O inseticida Methomyl é eficaz para simular o efeito da toxina do fungo que causa a helmintosporiose em milho, tendo o presente trabalho visado testar sua eficiência na cultura da aveia. Para isso, foi avaliado o crescimento de calos e raízes de aveia expostas ao Methomyl, quando crescimentos maiores indicaram maior resistência ao produto, e possível resistência à moléstia. Os resultados indicam que o Methomyl afeta o crescimento de raízes e calos de aveia e pode ser utilizado para separar os grupos de genótipos com e sem resistência à helmintosporiose. Assim, UFRGS 14, com maior sensibilidade aos filtrados tóxicos de H. sativum em outros estudos, também apresentou crescimento mais afetado pelo Methomyl em todos os experimentos aqui conduzidos.

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25

Micó, María M., Jordi Bacardit, and Carme Sans. "Experimental design applied to photo-Fenton treatment of highly methomyl-concentrated water." Water Science and Technology 62, no. 9 (November 1, 2010): 2066–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2010.522.

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This work is focused on the study of the suitability of the photo-Fenton process as a pretreatment for water highly contaminated with a methomyl commercial formulation in Advanced Greenhouses devices. Initial concentrations of reagents and pesticide were evaluated according to a central composite experimental design, with methomyl depletion and biocompatibility of the final effluent as response functions. A triad of optimal operation conditions could be determined, [Met.]0=50 mg L−1, [H2O2]0=254 mg L−1 and [Fe2 + ]0=77 mg L−1 for the best elimination yield and an acceptable BOD5/COD value, and initial concentration of methomyl can be established as the most important parameter for the performance of the treatment due to the limitations that impose on the hydrogen peroxide doses in the presence of the excipients of the commercial formulation.

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26

Jansanthea, Pongthep, Weerasak Chomkitichai, Jiraporn Ketwaraporn, Pusit Pookmanee, and Sukon Phanichphant. "TiO₂ Powder Synthesized via the Solvothermal Method and Enhanced Photocatalytic Degradation of Methomyl." Materials Science Forum 872 (September 2016): 191–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.872.191.

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TiO2 powder was synthesized via the solvothermal method and characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Single phase anatase was obtained without calcination steps. The particle was irregular in shape with average particle size of 1.0 μm. The characteristic X–ray radiation of element was show titanium at 4.510 keV and 4.931 keV and oxygen at 0.523 keV. The photocatalytic degradation of methomyl in aqueous solution over TiO2 powder under UV irradiation was determined by UV-Vis spectroscopy. The influence of the amount of TiO2 powder for photocatalytic degradation of methomyl and rate constant were determined. The optimum condition for photocatalytic degradation of methomyl over TiO2 powder was obtained at 0.05 g.L-1 for the amount of TiO2 powder in 60 min. The degradation rate constant at the optimum condition was 0.0243 min-1.

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27

Trimble, R. M., and D. J. Pree. "RELATIVE TOXICITY OF SIX INSECTICIDES TO MALE AND FEMALE PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), A PARASITE OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 119, no. 2 (February 1987): 153–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent119153-2.

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AbstractThe susceptibility of male and female Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) to the pyrethroid insecticides permethrin, fenvalerate, and deltamethrin, the organophosphorous insecticides azinphosmethyl and phosmet, and the carbamate insecticide methomyl, was compared in the laboratory using two populations from Norfolk County, Ontario. Female P. ornigis were more susceptible than males to permethrin. There was no sexual difference in the susceptibility of P. ornigis to the other five insecticides tested. The implications of these results for the biological control potential of P. ornigis in commercial apple orchards are discussed. The results obtained for permethrin, fenvalerate, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl were compared with those obtained in a study completed 6 years earlier using P. ornigis from another location in Ontario; the results suggest that P. ornigis from Norfolk County have low levels of resistance to permethrin (3.3-fold), fenvalerate (2.2-fold), and methomyl (4.1-fold).

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28

Tomasevic, Andjelka, Aleksandar Marinkovic, Dusan Mijin, Marina Radisic, Slavica Porobic, Nevena Prlainovic, and Slavica Gasic. "A study of photocatalytic degradation of methomyl and its commercial product Lannate-90." Chemical Industry and Chemical Engineering Quarterly 26, no. 3 (2020): 237–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/ciceq190424002t.

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Photocatalytic degradation of the carbamate insecticide methomyl and its commercial product Lannate-90 in aqueous suspension of TiO2 and ZnO using an Osram ultra-vitalux' lamp (315-400 nm) was investigated. The objective of the investigation was to study and compare the rates of photochemical degradation of the pure active compound and its formulated product in order to find out the impact of inert ingredients on degradation processes. The photochemical degradation of pure methomyl was found to be slower than the degradation of its commercial product Lannate-90. Photodegradation was investigated by UV-Vis spectrometry and HPLC, while mineralization was monitored using IC and TOC analyses. Light absorption capabilities of catalysts were characterized by ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy method, while the stability of catalysts was studied by infrared analyses. Degradation products of methomyl and its formulated product were identified by high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) results and tentative photodegradation pathways were proposed.

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29

da Silva, Fernando R., Dario Trujillo, Oderlei Bernardi, Jose Carlos Verle Rodrigues, Woodward D. Bailey, Todd M. Gilligan, and Daniel Carrillo. "Comparative Toxicity of Helicoverpa armigera and Helicoverpa zea (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) to Selected Insecticides." Insects 11, no. 7 (July 10, 2020): 431. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects11070431.

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Until recently, the Old World bollworm (OWB) Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) and the corn earworm Helicoverpa zea (Boddie) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) were geographically isolated. Both species are major pests of agricultural commodities that are known to develop insecticide resistance, and they now coexist in areas where H. armigera invaded the Americas. This is the first study to compare the susceptibility of the two species to conventional insecticides. The susceptibility of third instar H. armigera and H. zea larvae to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad was determined using a diet-overlay bioassay in a quarantine laboratory in Puerto Rico. Mortality was assessed at 48 h after exposure for up to eight concentrations per insecticide. Spinetoram exhibited the highest acute toxicity against H. armigera, with a median lethal concentration (LC50) of 0.11 µg a.i./cm2, followed by indoxacarb and spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2 for both) and methomyl (0.32 µg a.i./cm2). Spinetoram was also the most toxic to H. zea (LC50 of 0.08 µg a.i./cm2), followed by spinosad (0.17 µg a.i./cm2) and methomyl (0.18 µg a.i./cm2). Indoxacarb was the least toxic to H. zea, with an LC50 of 0.21 µg a.i./cm2. These findings could serve as a comparative reference for monitoring the susceptibility of H. armigera and H. zea to indoxacarb, methomyl, spinetoram, and spinosad in Puerto Rico, and may facilitate the detection of field-selected resistance for these two species and their potential hybrids in areas recently invaded by H. armigera.

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Schreiber, L. R., C. R. Krause, and J. S. Mayer. "Methomyl Phytotoxicity on Silver Maple, 1984." Insecticide and Acaricide Tests 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 299. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iat/10.1.299.

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Abstract Lathhouse grown, 18-24 inch seedlings were tested to investigate phytotoxicity of methomyl. Plants were grown in 2 qt pots using a 2:2:1 peat:perlite:soil mix. Pots were placed on a water porous mat which limited weed growth. Each treatment had 4 replications arranged in a CRD. The chemical was sprayed to run-off with a 2 gal hand pump sprayer (25 p.s.i.) at weekly intervals from 30 Jul to 20 Aug. No additional pesticides were applied, plants were hand watered as required. Temperatures in Jul were 2.6°F below normal, and temperatures in Aug were 0.5°F above normal. Phytotoxicity was evaluated as the percent total foliar area on 24 Aug.

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31

Boleij, Jan S. M., Hans Kromhout, Mark Fleuren, Wim Tieleman, and Govert Verstappen. "Reentry After Methomyl Application in Greenhouses." Applied Occupational and Environmental Hygiene 6, no. 8 (August 1991): 672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1047322x.1991.10387959.

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32

Yang, Gui-Peng, Yu-Hui Zhao, Xiao-Lan Lu, and Xian-Chi Gao. "Adsorption of methomyl on marine sediments." Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects 264, no. 1-3 (August 2005): 179–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.colsurfa.2005.05.018.

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33

Miles, Carl J., and Wendy C. Oshiro. "Degradation of methomyl in chlorinated water." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 9, no. 5 (May 1990): 535–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620090501.

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34

Andersen, P. C., R. F. Mizell, W. J. French, and J. H. Aldrich. "Effect of Multiple Applications of Pesticides on Leaf Gas Exchange of Peach." HortScience 21, no. 3 (June 1986): 508–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/hortsci.21.3.508.

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Abstract Nine pesticides (chlorothalonil, captan, benomyl, permethrin, methomyl, parathion, carbaryl, dicofol, and S) were sprayed on peach (Prunus persica L. Batsch ‘June Gold’) to determine pesticide-induced effects on leaf conductance (gl), transpiration (E), and net CO2 assimilation rate (A). Parathion was the only material to reduce A when applied <3 times. Net CO2 assimilation rate declined by 10% to 25% for parathion-, methomyl-, chlorothalonil-, benomyl-, and captan-treated trees after 3 applications; however, gl was reduced only for the parathion and chlorothalonil treatments. The pesticide-sensitivity of peach A appears to be much less than pecan and somewhat similar to apple. Chemical names used: 2,4,5,6-tetrachloro-l,3-benzenedi-carbonitrile (chlorothalonil); 3a,4,7,7a-tetrahydro-2-[(trichloromethyl)thiol]-lH-isoin-dole-l,3(2H)-dione (captan); methyl[l-](butylamino)carbonyl]-lH-benzimidazol-2-yl]carbamate (benomyl); (3-phenoxyphenyl)methyl 3-(2,2-dichloroethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylate (permethrin); methyl N-[[(methylam-ino)carbonyl]oxy]ethanimidothioate(methomyl); 0,0-diethyl 0-p-nitrophenylphospho-rothioate (parathion); 1-naphthalenyl methylcarbamate (carbaryl); and 4,4′-dichloro-α-trichloro-methylbenzhydrol (dicofol).

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35

Fisher, P. A., J. E. Laing, and D. J. Pree. "TOXICITY OF PERMETHRIN, AZINPHOSMETHYL, AND METHOMYL TO PHOLETESOR ORNIGIS (WEED) AND PHOLETESOR PEDIAS NIXON (HYMENOPTERA: BRACONIDAE), PARASITES OF THE SPOTTED TENTIFORM LEAFMINER, PHYLLONORYCTER BLANCARDELLA (FABR.) (LEPIDOPTERA: GRACILLARIIDAE)." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 6 (December 1991): 1175–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1231175-6.

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AbstractThe toxicity of the insecticides permethrin, azinphosmethyl, and methomyl to adult Pholetesor ornigis (Weed) and P. pedias Nixon was evaluated in laboratory bioassays. Older P. pedias (2 and 3 days old) were more susceptible than younger parasites (1 day old) to permethrin. Azinphosmethyl was slightly more toxic to female P. ornigis than to male P. ornigis or to P. pedias. There was no consistent difference in the response of adult P. ornigis compared with P. pedias exposed to permethrin or methomyl on treated paper disks. Methomyl was twice as toxic as either azinphosmethyl or permethrin. Male P. ornigis were less susceptible than female P. ornigis to permethrin, but the difference was significant in only one of four populations tested. Male P. ornigis were less susceptible than females to azinphosmethyl. In 1986, populations of P. ornigis which had been exposed previously to pyrethroid insecticides were less susceptible to permethrin than P. ornigis from orchards where pyrethroids had never been applied. The response of both Pholetesor spp. to permethrin varied significantly from 1986 to 1987.

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36

Hurej, Michal, and James D. Dutcher. "Indirect Effect of Insecticides Used in Pecan Orchards to Larvae of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae)." Journal of Entomological Science 29, no. 4 (October 1, 1994): 450–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-29.4.450.

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Eight insecticides at two concentrations (low and high) were tested for toxicity to first, second, and third instars of Chrysoperla rufilabris (Burmeister). Lindane (0.65 and 1.3 g actual insecticide AI/l), endosulfan (0.375 and 0.75 g AI/l), carbaryl (1.2 and 2.4 g AI/l), azinphos-methyl (1.0 and 2.0 g AI/l, malathion (0.9 and 1.8 g AI/l), methomyl (0.225 and 0.45 g AI/l), phosmet (0.375 and 0.75 g AI/l), and esfenvalerate (0.0.15 and 0.03 g AI/l) treated cowpea aphids (Aphis craccivora Koch) were fed to the lacewing larvae in the laboratory. Among tested insecticides, azinphos-methyl was the most toxic insecticide to larvae at the low and high rates and was classified as moderately harmful. Lindane and carbaryl were slightly harmful; endosulfan, malathion, methomyl, phosmet, and esfenvalerate were harmless. In most cases the first instar larvae were the most susceptible to the insecticides tested. Both rates caused similar mortality of C. rufilabris larvae after 48 h of feeding with the exception of azinphos-methyl and methomyl which caused higher mortality at the high rate.

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37

Roditakis, Ν. Ε. "Effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki on the grape berry moth Lobesia botrana Den. and Shiff. (Lepidoptera, Tortricidae) under field and laboratory conditions in Crete." ENTOMOLOGIA HELLENICA 4 (May 29, 2017): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/eh.13930.

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The effectiveness of Bacillus thuringiensis Berliner var. kurstaki (Dipel Abbot Lab.) against the grape berry moth (Lobesia botrana Den. & Shiff.) was evaluated under laboratory and field conditions. Under laboratory conditions (24±0.5°C, 55±5% r.h., 2,000 Lux, and 16 hours light daily) B. thuringiensis was compared to triflumuron and methomyl on egg hatching and shallow entries per grape berry. B. thuringiensis had no effect on egg hatching while methomyl and triflumuron had ovicidal action. Shallow entries per grape berry were 0.9-1, 0, 0 and 4.55 for B. thuringiensis, triflumuron, methomyl and control, respectively. Under field conditions, using as criteria for the timing of sprays: a. pheromone and food trap catches and b. visual counting of egg laying and a threshold of 20-30 eggs/100 grapes, two applications of B. thuringiensis at Kastelli Pediados in 1981 and four at Peza in 1982 were made both at the 2nd and 3rd flights. Its effectiveness was 96-100% and 92% at Kastelli Pediados and 73-75% at Peza.

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38

Massoud, Ahmed, Aly Derbalah, Ibrahim El-Mehasseb, Moustafa Saad Allah, Mohamed S. Ahmed, Ashraf Albrakati, and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy. "Photocatalytic Detoxification of Some Insecticides in Aqueous Media Using TiO2 Nanocatalyst." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9278. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179278.

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The present study was performed to fabricate a titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanocatalyst with proper characteristics for the removal of some insecticides (dimethoate and methomyl) from aqueous media. A TiO2 catalyst of regular (TiO2—commercial—/H2O2/UV) or nano (TiO2—synthesized—/H2O2/UV) size was employed as an advanced oxidation process by combining it with H2O2 under light. Moreover, the total detoxification of insecticides after treatment with the most effective system (TiO2(s)/H2O2/UV) was also investigated through exploring the biochemical alterations and histopathological changes in the liver and kidneys of the treated rats. Interestingly, the present study reported that degradation rates of the examined insecticides were faster using the TiO2 catalyst of nano size. Complete degradation of the tested insecticides (100%) was achieved under the TiO2(s)/H2O2/UV system after 320 min of irradiation. The half-life values of the tested insecticides under H2O2/TiO2(c)/UV were 43.86 and 36.28 for dimethoate and methomyl, respectively, whereas under the H2O2/TiO2(c)/UV system, the half-life values were 27.72 and 19.52 min for dimethoate and methomyl, respectively. On the other hand, no significant changes were observed in the biochemical and histopathological parameters of rats administrated with water treated with TiO2(s)/H2O2/UV compared to the control, indicating low toxicity of the TiO2 nanocatalyst-. Altogether, the advanced oxidation processes using TiO2 nanocatalyst can be considered as a promising and effective remediation technology for the complete detoxification of methomyl and dimethoate in water. However, further future research is needed to identify the possible breakdown products and to verify the safety of the used nanomaterials.

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Hernández-Moreno, David, Irene de la Casa-Resino, José Maria Flores, Manuel José González-Gómez, Carlos María Neila, Francisco Soler, and Marcos Pérez-López. "Different Enzymatic Activities in Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L.) as Potential Biomarkers of Exposure to the Pesticide Methomyl." Archives of Industrial Hygiene and Toxicology 65, no. 3 (September 29, 2014): 311–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/10004-1254-65-2014-2538.

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AbstractThis study investigated the influence of the pesticide methomyl on different enzymatic activities in carp. The fish were exposed to a sub-lethal concentration (0.34 mg L-1) of methomyl for 15 days. On days 4 and 15, catalase (CAT) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities were measured in the liver and gills. Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity in brain and muscle was also determined. Liver catalase activity slightly increased in exposed fish when compared to controls, but it was statistically significant only at the beginning of the experiment. No changes in CAT activity in the gills of exposed and control animals were observed (mean values were in the range 10.7-11.7 nmol min-1 per mg of protein). Liver GST activity was slightly inhibited in the exposed animals at the beginning of the study; however, it was significantly inhibited in the gills. Brain AChE activity was diminished throughout the experiment and significantly decreased after 96 h of exposure compared to controls (0.041 vs. 0.075 nmol min1 per mg of protein; p<0.001). Our findings suggest that CAT, GST, and AChE are reliable biomarkers of effect after exposure to methomyl.

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40

Yueh, Lih-Yuh, and David L. Hensley. "Pesticide Effect on Acetylene Reduction and Modulation by Soybean and Lima Bean." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 118, no. 1 (January 1993): 73–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.118.1.73.

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The influence of 12 pesticides on acetylene reduction (N2 fixation) and modulation of soybean (Glycine max L. Merrill cv. Williams 82) and lima bean (Phaseolus lunatus L. cv. Geneva) was evaluated. All pesticides except diazinon were found to be harmless to nitrogen fixation at 3× the manufacturer's recommended rate, Diazinon significantly decreased C2H2 reduction of soybean 2 days after application, but not after 7 days or at normal label rates, Acetylene reduction of excised nodules imbibed with diazinon indicated that the chemical may have affected nitrogenase function directly. Soybean nodule counts were significantly decreased by application of 3× rates of methomyl and trifluralin, whereas lima bean nodule counts were decreased only by trifluralin. Tritluralin also depressed soybean modulation at label rates, but had no effect on lima bean modulation. Methomyl was innocuous to soybean modulation at the recommended label rate. Both chemicals were nontoxic to Bradyrhizobium/Rhizobium sp. based on a disc inhibition study. Chemical names used: O,O -diethyl O -(2isopropyl-4-methyl-6-pyrimidinyl phosphorothiote (diazinon); S-Methul- N -((methylcarbamoyl)oxy)-thioacetimidate (methomyl); a,a,a -Trifluoro-2-6dinitro-N-N -dipropyl-p-toluidine (triflnralin).

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41

Du, Ting, Jing Cheng, Min Wu, Xiaohua Wang, Hongbin Zhou, and Min Cheng. "Pipette tip-based molecularly imprinted monolith for selective micro-solid-phase extraction of methomyl in environmental water." Anal. Methods 6, no. 16 (2014): 6375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4ay00766b.

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42

Pookmanee, Pusit, Pimchanok Longchin, Jitreephan Phanmalee, Wiyong Kangwansupamonkon, and Sukon Phanichphant. "Performance Photocatalytic Degradation of Methomyl onto Composite Graphene Oxide/Bismuth Vanadate (GO/BiVO₄) Nanoparticle." Key Engineering Materials 751 (August 2017): 701–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.751.701.

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Graphene oxide (GO) powder was synthesized by modified Hummer’s method. Bismuth vanadate (BiVO4) nanoparticle was synthesized by solvothermal method at 100 and 200°C for 3h. Composite graphene oxide and bismuth vanadate (GO/BiVO4) nanoparticle were synthesized by mixed oxide method in weight ratio of 0.20:1.00. The physical and chemical properties were characterized by X-ray diffractometer (XRD), scanning electron microscope (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectrometer (EDS) and surface area analyzer (BET). The photocatalytic degradation of methomyl performance was determined by high performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC). Composite GO/BiVO4 nanoparticle at 200°C for 3h was the highest photocatalytic degradation of methomyl.

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Saiyed, H. N., H. G. Sadhu, V. K. Bhatnagar, A. Dewan, K. Venkaiah, and S. K. Kashyap. "Cardiac Toxicity Following Short-Term Exposure to Methomyl in Spraymen and Rabbits." Human & Experimental Toxicology 11, no. 2 (March 1992): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096032719201100206.

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A health surveillance study in 22 healthy spraymen showed significent T-wave changes (including inversion) in most of the limb leads and chest leads following 5 d exposure to methomyl, a carbamate pesticide. Significant changes in plasma cholinesterase and lactic dehydrogenase activities were also noticed. The ECG changes could be reproduced in rabbits and were dose dependent. This type of ECG change following exposure to a carbamate compound is reported for the first time in occupationally-exposed subjects. The study results indicate that these changes are probably directly related to methomyl rather than its toxicity through cholinesterase inhibition. The significance of these changes remain to be investigated.

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McPherson, Robert M., Michael P. Seagraves, Russell J. Ottens, and C. Scott Bundy. "Leaf Dip Bioassay to Determine Susceptibility of Tobacco Hornworm (Lepidoptera: Sphingidae) to Acephate, Methomyl and Spinosad." Journal of Entomological Science 38, no. 2 (April 1, 2003): 262–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.18474/0749-8004-38.2.262.

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The tobacco hornworm, Manduca sexta (L.), is an annual economic pest of flue-cured tobacco in Georgia and throughout the southeastern U.S. Recent concerns about controlling hornworms with standard insecticides have been reported by producers and the Cooperative Extension Service. Therefore, a tobacco leaf dip assay was developed to determine the dosage-mortality responses of tobacco hornworms to three standard tobacco insecticides: acephate, methomyl, and spinosad. Larvae, 4 to 5 days old (second instar) and weighing 20 to 40 mg, were reared from eggs collected on field-grown tobacco. Serial concentrations of selected insecticides were prepared in 3.8-L containers, and untreated tobacco leaves were immersed in the solution for 5 s, then air dried. Larvae were placed directly on the treated foliage and examined for mortality after 24, 48 and 72 h of exposure. Hornworm larvae were highly susceptible to foliage dipped in spinosad, with LC50's of 4.3 × 10−4 at 24 h, 1.0 × 10−6 at 48 h, and 5.7 × 10−7 at 72 h (ml/ml). Hornworms were moderately susceptible to both methomyl and acephate, with 72 h LC50's of 1.0 × 10−4 (ml/ml) and 1.2 × 10−4 (mg/ml), respectively. Although the LC50's for spinosad continued to drop from 24 to 72 h, the LC50's for methomyl and acephate remained relatively constant from 24 to 72 h. Hornworm larval feeding was disrupted within 1 h of exposure to the higher concentrations of spinosad and methomyl, with cessation of feeding accompanied by larvae moving off the treated foliage. Feeding disruption on acephate foliage was not as evident during the initial 4 h of exposure. Baseline results from leaf dip assays are now established for three commonly used tobacco hornworm controls and can be used to document insecticide resistance.

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45

Kate, Sanjeev M., Ashikchandra, Anand P. Rayamane, and Ambika Prasad Patra. "Fatal Inhalational Methomyl Poisoning: A Case Report." Journal of Indian Society of Toxicology 12, no. 1 (June 30, 2016): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.31736/2016v12i1/p49-51.

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46

Fayez, V., and M. R. E. Bahig. "Short term toxicity of methomyl in rats." Chemosphere 23, no. 3 (January 1991): 375–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0045-6535(91)90191-f.

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47

Tomašević, Andjelka, Goran Bošković, Dušan Mijin, and Ernő E. Kiss. "Decomposition of methomyl over supported iron catalysts." Reaction Kinetics and Catalysis Letters 91, no. 1 (June 2007): 53–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11144-007-5094-4.

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48

El-Geundi, Mohammad S., and Assanousi A. Abufares. "Adsorption Isotherm of an Insecticide Methomyl onto Natural Clay." Al-Mukhtar Journal of Sciences 28, no. 1 (March 27, 2022): 46–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.54172/mjsc.v28i1.144.

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Adsorption isotherm of an insecticide methomyl onto natural clay has been investigated. The experimental data were fitted to isotherm models, Langmuir, Freundlich and Redlich Peterson. The Langmuir model fit the experimental data significantly better than Freundlich and Redlich Peterson models. A dimensionless separation factor, Ř, was used to judge the favorable adsorption. A chart based on material balance using single batch adsorber was constructed for different percentage of methomyl removal using the Langmuir model where the mass of natural clay required to treat a specified volume of solution is calculated. The effect of temperature showed the exothermic nature of the process. The enthalpy change, ΔH, of adsorption has been evaluated and it has a value of (-17.54 kJ/mol).

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49

Sakr, Samar, Hanan Hassanien, Megan Jean Bester, Sandra Arbi, Azza Sobhy, Heba el Negris, and Vanessa Steenkamp. "Beneficial effects of folic acid on the kidneys and testes of adult albino rats after exposure to methomyl." Toxicology Research 7, no. 3 (2018): 480–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c7tx00309a.

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Thistlewood, H. M. A. "A SURVEY OF PREDATORY MITES IN ONTARIO APPLE ORCHARDS WITH DIVERSE PESTICIDE PROGRAMS." Canadian Entomologist 123, no. 6 (December 1991): 1163–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4039/ent1231163-6.

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AbstractLeaves were collected between 28 July and 10 September from 36 (1986) and 85 (1987) apple orchards, and examined for mites. Twelve species of Phytoseiidae were found: Amblyseius fallacis (Garman), Typhlodromus longipilus Nesbitt, A. andersoni (Chant), T. caudiglans Schuster, T. pyri Scheuten, T. pomi (Parrott), Phytoseius macropilis (Banks), T. herbertae Chant, A. driggeri Specht, A. finlandicus (Oudemans), T. conspicuus (Garman), and A. pusillus (Kennett), in order of frequency. The stigmaeid mites Zetzellia mali (Ewing) and Agistemus fleschneri Summers, a complex of erythraeid mites of Balaustium spp. and Hauptmannia spp., and tydeid mites, primarily Tydeus spp., were other common predatory species. Species of Tetranychidae, Bdellidae, Eriophyidae, Winterschmidtiidae, and Tarsonemidae, also were collected.Predatory mites were present each season in all abandoned orchards and in 43–74% of the commercial orchards. Their abundance in commercial orchards was compared with the use of insecticides applied only for control of the spotted tentiform leafminer, Phyllonorycter blancardella (Fabr.). Fewer (P < 0.05) phytoseiids occurred where pyrethroids were employed than in sites without pyrethroids, but differences were not found for similar use of the carbamoyl oxime, methomyl. Fewer (P < 0.05) stigmaeids occurred in sites treated with methomyl than in sites without methomyl, whereas such differences were not found for pyrethroid use.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Methomyl'

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