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Journal articles on the topic 'Methylene group of cyanoacetamide'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

Nowicka, Anna, Hanna Liszkiewicz, Wanda Nawrocka, Joanna Wietrzyk, Katarzyna Kempińska, and Andrzej Dryś. "Synthesis and antiproliferative activity in vitro of new 2-aminobenzimidazole derivatives. Reaction of 2-arylideneaminobenzimidazole with selected nitriles containing active methylene group." Open Chemistry 12, no. 10 (2014): 1047–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/s11532-014-0533-3.

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AbstractA series of pyrimido[1,2-a]benzimidazole and α-cyanocinnamic acid derivatives have been synthesized in the reactions of Schiff bases 2–7 with selected nitriles containing an active methylene group: malononitrile 8–12, cyanoacetamide 13–16, benzyl cyanide 17–21, benzoylacetonitrile 22–24, cyanoacetate methyl ester 25–28 and benzylacetamide 29. The structures 8–29 were confirmed by the results of elementary analysis and their IR, 1H-, 13C-NMR and MS spectra. The products 8–29 of various chemical structure pyrimido[1,2-a] benzimidazole 8–12, 14–16, 17–21, 23–24, 26 and α-cyanocinnamic aci

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2

Khrapova, Ekaterina A., Natalya A. Ryzhkova, Victor V. Dotsenko, and Nicolai A. Aksenov. "The Aminometylation of 4-(Alkylthio)-6-amino-2-oxo(thioxo)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles." Chemistry Proceedings 3, no. 1 (2020): 30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-24-08401.

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Easily available 2-(bis(alkylthio)methylene)malononitriles react with cyanoacetamide or cyanothioacetamide to give 4-(alkylthio)-6-amino-2-oxo(thioxo)-1,2-dihydropyridine-3,5-dicarbonitriles. Upon treatment with primary amines and/or HCHO, the compounds undergo heterocyclization to afford new pyrido[1,2-a][1,3,5]triazines or ring-condensed 1,3,5,7-tetrazocine derivatives.

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3

K, Madhavi, and Sree Ramya G. "SYNTHESIS, ANTIOXIDANT AND ANTI-INFLAMMATORY ACTIVITIES OF ETHYL 2-(2-CYANO-3- (SUBSTITUTED PHENYL)ACRYLAMIDO)-4,5-DIMETHYLTHIOPHENE-3-CARBOXYLATES." Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research 10, no. 7 (2017): 95. http://dx.doi.org/10.22159/ajpcr.2017.v10i7.18290.

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Objective: Objective of the study was to synthesize and evaluate a series of novel compounds, ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)- 4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylates, for in vitro antioxidant and in vivo anti-inflammatory activities.Methods: Ethyl 2-(2-cyano-3-(substituted phenyl)acrylamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylates were synthesized by knoevenagel condensation of active methylene group of ethyl 2-(2-cyanoacetamido)-4,5-dimethylthiophene-3-carboxylate with substituted benzaldehydes. The synthesized compounds were evaluated for their in vitro antioxidant properties i

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4

Datta, Arup. "Bismuth (III) Triflate: A Mild, Efficient Promoter for the Synthesis of Trisubstituted Alkenes through Knoevenagel Condensation." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 36, no. 05 (2020): 843–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/360507.

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In this work, smooth efficient and eco-friendly two component coupling method is reported for the synthesis of Knoevenagel Condensation product in presence of Bi(OTf)3 catalyst under solvent free condition. Catalyst has participated in condensation between substituted aldehydes (aromatic and hetero-aromatic) and active methylene compounds (ethyl cyanoacetate, malononitrile and cyanoacetamide) effectively to generate an excellent yield of the product. Bi(OTf)3 catalyst is stable, inexpensive and easily available was used for four times in this reaction without loss of catalytic activity.

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Thabet, H. Kh, Mohd Imran, Mohd Imran, Saleh Alaql, and M. H. M. Helal. "Bis(2-cyanoacetamide) in Heterocyclic Synthesis: Synthesis of Some Bis[2-oxopyridine, 2-iminochromene, Chromeno[3,4-c]pyridine, Benzochromeno[3,4-c]pyridine] Derivatives." Oriental Journal Of Chemistry 40, no. 1 (2024): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/400108.

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N,N'-(methylenebis(1,4-phenylene))bis-(2-cyanoacetamide) was exploited as a precursor for synthesing some bis (benzylidene 5a-c, pyridines 7, 8, 10a,b, chromene 14, benzochromene 15) derivatives containing diphenyl-methylene spacer via the reaction with each of aromatic aldehydes, pentane-2,4-dione, acetaldehyde/ malononitrile, arylidene-malononitriles, ethyl cinnamates, 2-hydroxybenzaldehyde, and 2-hydroxy-1-naphthaldehyde). Bis(chromeno[3,4-c]pyridines 16&18) were synthesized via Michael's addition of malononitrile or ethyl cyanoacetate to bis(chromene) derivative. The newly prepared com

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6

Purba, WT, PS Roy, S. Jannat, SA Begum, and MM Rahman. "Microwave-assisted urea catalyzed Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with active methylene compounds." Bangladesh Journal of Scientific and Industrial Research 55, no. 2 (2020): 159–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bjsir.v55i2.47637.

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Rapid and efficient method for the synthesis of substituted olefins such as 2-(4-chlorophenylmethylene) malononitrile, 2-(4-hydroxyphenylmethylene) malononitrile and 2-cyano-3-(4-hydroxyphenyl) acrylamide etc under the influence of microwave irradiation are described. Urea has been utilized as an efficient catalyst for the Knoevenagel condensation of aldehydes with acidic active methylene compounds such as malononitrile, ethylcyanoacetate and cyanoacetamide to afford substituted olefins under the influence of microwave irradiation. The reaction proceeds smoothly under mild and solvent free con

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7

Gandhi, Sham S., and Martin S. Gibson. "Condensation reactions of 1,1-dimorpholinoethene and of 1,1-dipiperidinoethene with carbon acids." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 65, no. 12 (1987): 2717–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v87-451.

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1,1-Dimorpholinoethene and 1,1-dipiperidinoethene condense with such compounds as malononitrile, ethyl cyanoacetate, cyanoacetamide, and diethyl malonate to give the corresponding β,β-disubstituted enamine, a molecule of morpholine or piperidine being eliminated in the process. Similar reactions with acetylacetone and ethyl acetoacetate proceed with loss of the acetyl group to give the β-substituted enamine. 1,1-Dipiperidinoethene and nitromethane give the β-nitroenamine. Secondary processes of either hydrolysis or further Michael addition and elimination are noted in condensations of 1,1-dimo

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8

Fouda, Abdel Aziz, A. M. El-desoky, and M. M. Muhtar. "New Cyanoacetamide Derivatives as Corrosion Inhibitors for Carbon Steel in Acidic Media." JOURNAL OF ADVANCES IN CHEMISTRY 4, no. 1 (2008): 323–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.24297/jac.v4i1.962.

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The corrosion behavior of carbon steel in 1 M HCl solution in the absence and presence of 4-(2-Cyano-7- hydroxy-4-methylene-hepta-2,5-dienoylamino)-benzoic acid (a), 4-[2-Cyano-3-(4-methoxy -phenyl)-acryloylamino]-benzoicacid.(b), 4-(2-Cyano-3-phenyl acryloylamino)-benzoic acid (c) ,4-[3-(4-Chloro-phenyl)-2-cyano-acryloylamino]-benzoic acid(d), was investigated using weight loss , potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and electrochemical frequency modulation (EFM) techniques. The inhibitive action of the investigated compounds was discussed in terms of bloc

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9

Vala, Ruturajsinh M., Divyang M. Patel, Mayank G. Sharma, and Hitendra M. Patel. "Impact of an aryl bulky group on a one-pot reaction of aldehyde with malononitrile and N-substituted 2-cyanoacetamide." RSC Advances 9, no. 49 (2019): 28886–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra05975j.

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10

Gómora-Herrera, D., I. V. Lijanova, O. Olivares-Xometl, A. Toscano, and N. V. Likhanova. "Synthesis of the symmetrical methylene diesters from carboxylic ionic liquids." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 95, no. 7 (2017): 744–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjc-2017-0042.

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The reaction between carboxylic ionic liquids and dichloromethane, which provokes the formation of symmetrical methylene diesters, was carried out. The synthesis of these ionic liquid compounds was carried out in a microwave reactor, and the characterization by spectroscopic techniques of methylene diesters (methylene di-2-furoate, methylene di-2-picolinate, methylene dianthranilate, and methylene dioleate) is described and the crystal structures discussed. The crystal packing of methylene dianthranilate is characterized by trimer formation due to hydrogen bonding via interactions between the

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11

Dhivare, Ravindra S., and S. S. Rajput. "Malononitrile: A Versatile Active Methylene Group." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 2015): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.57.126.

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The title role of malononitrile in the development of Knoevenagel condensation of organic synthesis and their new findings are explored in this review. The active methylene group of malononitriles is very important attacking part in the heterocyclic conversions and also having a great potency towards several microbial and biological systems.

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12

Dhivare, Ravindra S., and S. S. Rajput. "Malononitrile: A Versatile Active Methylene Group." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 4, 2015): 126–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.56431/p-5354je.

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The title role of malononitrile in the development of Knoevenagel condensation of organic synthesis and their new findings are explored in this review. The active methylene group of malononitriles is very important attacking part in the heterocyclic conversions and also having a great potency towards several microbial and biological systems.

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13

R., S. Dhivare, and S. Rajput S. "Malononitrile: A Versatile Active Methylene Group." International Letters of Chemistry, Physics and Astronomy 57 (August 4, 2015): 126–44. https://doi.org/10.18052/www.scipress.com/ilcpa.57.126.

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Abstract: The title role of malononitrile in the development of Knoevenagel condensation of organic synthesis and their new findings are explored in this review. The active methylene group of malononitriles is very important attacking part in the heterocyclic conversions and also having a great potency towards several microbial and biological systems.

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14

Wang, Haiyi, Baochao Wu, and Zheng Wang. "Application of Fluorescence Dye in Combination with Methylene Blue for Axillary Reverse Mapping in Patients with Modified Radical Mastectomy for Breast Cancer." Journal of Oncology 2022 (May 14, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/2305542.

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Background. Axillary reverse mapping (ARM) is a novel intraoperative technique developed in recent years. This study was aimed at determining the effect of combined use of fluorescence dye and methylene blue, as well as its feasibility of ARM in patients with breast cancers who undergo modified radical mastectomy. Method. From January 2016 to June 2017, 46 patients with primary breast cancer at stage I-IV (Tis-T3, N0-N3, and M0) who received modified radical mastectomy were enrolled in this study. The exclusion criteria included preoperative radiotherapy/chemotherapy or bilateral disease. Pati

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15

Rey-Funes, Manuel, Ignacio M. Larrayoz, Juan C. Fernández, et al. "Methylene blue prevents retinal damage in an experimental model of ischemic proliferative retinopathy." American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology 310, no. 11 (2016): R1011—R1019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpregu.00266.2015.

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Perinatal asphyxia induces retinal lesions, generating ischemic proliferative retinopathy, which may result in blindness. Previously, we showed that the nitrergic system was involved in the physiopathology of perinatal asphyxia. Here we analyze the application of methylene blue, a well-known soluble guanylate cyclase inhibitor, as a therapeutic strategy to prevent retinopathy. Male rats ( n = 28 per group) were treated in different ways: 1) control group comprised born-to-term animals; 2) methylene blue group comprised animals born from pregnant rats treated with methylene blue (2 mg/kg) 30 an

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16

Hanaa, Abdellatif, and Abd El Rady Eman. "Synthesis of naphtho-quinoxaline-7, 12-dione, anthra-ptereidine-7, 12-dione and anthra-pyridine derivatives." Chemistry International 6, no. 4 (2020): 200–209. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3667527.

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In present investigation, addition of nitroso group at position 1 of 2-aminoanthraquinone (1) yielded 2-amino-1-nitroanthraquinone (2) was carried out by the reaction of compound (1) with sodium nitrite in water. Compound (2) was used as an initial intermediate to produce 3-amino-2-cyano-naphtho[2,3- <em>f</em>]quinoxaline-7, 12-dione (4) by reaction of compound (2) with cyanoacetamide in dimethylformamide in presence of piperidine  gave intermediate (3), then cyclization may be carried out by releasing of water molecule. Compound (4) consider good and available starting key to synthesis

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17

Pequignot, Benjamin, Mickael Lescroart, Sophie Orlowski, et al. "Methylene Blue Reduces Fluid Loading and Norepinephrine Requirements for Post-Resuscitation Syndrome in a Pig Model of Refractory Cardiac Arrest Resuscitated with Veno-Arterial ECMO." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 9 (2022): 2515. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11092515.

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Background: Refractory cardiac arrest management relies on extracorporeal cardiopulmonary resuscitation (ECPR), requiring the use of veno-arterial extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (VA-ECMO). Circulatory flow recovery can be associated with an ischemia–reperfusion injury, leading to vasoplegia and vasopressor requirement. The aim of this work was to evaluate the impact on hemodynamics of a methylene blue bolus infusion in a porcine model of ischemic refractory cardiac arrest. Methods: Ischemic refractory cardiac arrest was induced in 20 pigs. After a low flow period of 30 min, VA-ECMO was in

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18

Hanna, Ramy L., and Marc P. Kaufman. "Activation of thin-fiber muscle afferents by a P2X agonist in cats." Journal of Applied Physiology 96, no. 3 (2004): 1166–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/japplphysiol.01020.2003.

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The responses of group III and IV triceps surae muscle afferents to intra-arterial injection of α,β-methylene ATP (50 μg/kg) was examined in decerebrate cats. We found that this P2X3 agonist stimulated only three of 18 group III afferents but 7 of 9 group IV afferents ( P < 0.004). The three group III afferents stimulated by α,β-methylene ATP conducted impulses below 4 m/s. Pyridoxal phosphate-6-azophenyl-2′,4′-disulfonic acid, a P2-receptor antagonist, prevented the stimulation of these afferents by α,β-methylene ATP. We conclude that P2X3 agonists stimulate only the slowest conducting gro

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19

K., G. NAIK, and C. SAHA C. "Mercuration of Compounds Containing the Reactive Methylene Group." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 7, Jan-Dec 1930 (2022): 655–62. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6838743.

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20

Dr., Prakash Pai G., Apoorva G. Dr., Dayakar MM Dr., and Devipriya B. Nayanar Dr. "Effect of Low-Level Laser of 650nm on Viability of Porphyromonas Gingivalis with and with Out Photosensitizers: An Invitro Study." International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology 8, no. 5 (2023): 1689–92. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7995080.

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Porphyromonas gingivalis is a major pathogen associated with initiation and progression of periodontitis.  Aim and Objective The aim of the study is to compare effect of lowlevel laser of wavelength 650nm on viability of porphyromonas gingivalis with and without photosensitisers.  Methods Thirty samples of bacterial suspensions (200µl) were prepared and divided into six groups .Group 1- laser group (low level laser with wavelength of 650nm, and irradiation time of 30 s), Group 2- Methylene blue + laser group (after pre-irradiation time of 10 min, laser was irradiated), and Group 3- Tol

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21

Sengoku, Tetsuya, Koki Makino, Ayumi Iijima, Toshiyasu Inuzuka та Hidemi Yoda. "Bifurcated synthesis of methylene-lactone- and methylene-lactam-fused spirolactams via electrophilic amide allylation of γ-phenylthio-functionalized γ-lactams". Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry 16 (13 листопада 2020): 2769–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.16.227.

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New synthetic methods for spirolactams bearing an α-methylene-γ-butyrolactone or its analogous methylene-lactam have been developed. The allylation of γ-phenylthio-functionalized γ-lactams with 2-(acetoxy)methyl acrylamides was accomplished by using 2.5 equivalents of NaH to give the corresponding adducts in excellent yields. The remaining phenylthio group was substituted with a hydroxy group by treatment with CuBr, and the resulting γ-hydroxyamides were cyclized under acidic conditions to afford the corresponding methylene-lactam-fused spirolactams in high yields. On the other hand, methylene

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22

Cowie, Martin. "2003 Alcan Award Lecture Roles of the adjacent metals in the coupling of methylene groups promoted by heterobinuclear complexes of Group 8 and 9 metals." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 83, no. 8 (2005): 1043–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v05-122.

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The reactivities of the heterobinuclear complexes, [MM′(CO)4(dppm)2][X] (MM′ = RhOs, RhRu, IrRu; dppm = µ-Ph2PCH2PPh2; X = BF4, CF3SO3) with diazomethane are reported. The RhOs species reacts to give three products of methylene-group incorporation, depending on the temperature; at 80 °C the methylene bridged product, [RhOs(CO)4(µ-CH2)(dppm)2][X], is formed exclusively, at ambient temperature only [RhOs(η1-C3H5)(CH3)(CO)3(dppm)2][X], having the allyl group bound to Rh and the methyl group bound to Os, is obtained, while at intermediate temperatures [RhOs(η1:η1-C4H8)(CO)3(dppm)2][X], having

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23

Fatoni, Ahmad, Poedji Loekitowati Hariani, Hermansyah Hermansyah, and Aldes Lesbani. "Synthesis and Characterization of Chitosan Linked by Methylene Bridge and Schiff Base of 4,4-Diaminodiphenyl Ether-Vanillin." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 18, no. 1 (2018): 92. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.25866.

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The synthesis chitosan-methylene bridge-Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin using casting method has been done. The aims of this research were modification chitosan with Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin, formaldehyde and its characterization using FTIR spectroscopy, SEM analysis, 1H-NMR and X-Ray Diffraction analysis. The first step was a synthesis of modified chitosan between chitosan and Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin. The second step was chitosan modified Schiff base of 4,4-diaminodiphenyl ether-vanillin then reacted with formaldehyde throug

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24

Miranda, Eron Fabio, Fernando Hintz Greca, Lucia Noronha, Luiz Roberto Kotze, and Michel Risnic Rubin. "The influence of methylene blue on the healing of intestinal anastomoses subjected to ischemia and reperfusion in rats." Acta Cirurgica Brasileira 25, no. 1 (2010): 63–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-86502010000100015.

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PURPOSE: To investigate the influence of methylene blue, on the healing of intestinal anastomoses subjected to ischemia and reperfusion in rats. METHODS: Forty-five rats divided into the following three groups were used: control (G1); ischemia without methylene blue (G2); and ischemia with methylene blue (G3). A laparotomy was performed and the cranial mesenteric artery isolated. Whereas the cranial artery was temporarily occluded for 45 minutes in groups G2 and G3, prior to enterotomy and intestinal anastomosis, in group G1 the enterotomy and intestinal anastomosis were performed without prio

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25

Galache, Maria P., Francisco Mora, Enrique Ruiz, and Angel L. Esteban. "Methylene group deformational coordinates in four-membered rings." Journal of Molecular Structure 271, no. 3 (1992): 227–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-2860(92)80129-6.

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26

Šebesta, Radovan, Filip Bilčík, and Branislav Horváth. "[3]Ferrocenophane Ligands with an Inserted Methylene Group." European Journal of Organic Chemistry 2008, no. 30 (2008): 5157–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ejoc.200800566.

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27

Homon, Anton, Lada Shynder, Oleksandr Hryshchuk, Oleksandr Grygorenko та Ivan Kondratov. "Synthesis of novel α-trifluoromethyl cyclobutane-containing building blocks". Ukr. Bioorg. Acta 2022, Vol. 17, N1 17, № 1 (2022): 81–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/bioorganica2022.01.081.

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Four new cyclobutane-containing building blocks were synthesized on a multigram scale starting from 3-methylene-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane-1-carbonitrile and 3-methylene-1-(trifluoromethyl)cyclobutane-1-carboxylic acid. The synthesized compounds contain trifluoromethyl group near the functional one (carboxylic or amino group) and are promising for further application in drug discovery

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Wang, Liangrong, Baihui Chen, Bi Lin, et al. "Methylene Blue Attenuates Lung Injury Induced by Hindlimb Ischemia Reperfusion in Rats." Mediators of Inflammation 2018 (2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/2508620.

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Objective. This study was aimed to investigate the protective effect of methylene blue against lung injury induced by reperfusion of ischemic hindlimb in a rat model. Methods. Twenty-four healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were equally randomized into three groups: sham (SM) group, ischemia reperfusion (IR) group, and methylene blue (MB) group. Rats in both IR and MB groups were subjected to 4 h of ischemia by clamping the left femoral artery and then followed by 4 h of reperfusion. Treatment with 1% methylene blue (50 mg/kg) was administrated intraperitoneally at 10 min prior to reperfusi

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Memis, D., B. Karamanlioglu, M. Yuksel, I. Gemlik, and Z. Pamukcu. "The Influence of Methylene Blue Infusion on Cytokine Levels during Severe Sepsis." Anaesthesia and Intensive Care 30, no. 6 (2002): 755–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0310057x0203000606.

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The aim of our study was to assess the effect of methylene blue infusion on plasma levels of cytokines in severe sepsis. In a prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, patients received either methylene blue 0.5 mg.kg -1 .h -1 (MB group, n=15) or similar volume of isotonic saline (control group, n=15) IV for 6 hours. Plasma concentrations of tumour necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1, interleukin-2 receptor, interleukin-6, interleukin-8 were measured by sensitive immunoassays at basal (15 min before start of the study), immediately after, and at 24 and 48 hours after methyl

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Celik, S., N. Almalı, A. Aras, Ö. Yılmaz, and R. Kızıltan. "Intraoperatively Testing the Anastomotic Integrity of Esophagojejunostomy Using Methylene Blue." Scandinavian Journal of Surgery 106, no. 1 (2016): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1457496916630652.

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Background: Intraoperative testing of gastrointestinal anastomosis effectively ensures anastomotic integrity. This study investigated whether the routine use of methylene blue intraoperatively identified leaks to reduce the postoperative proportion of clinical leaks. Methods: This study retrospectively analyzed consecutive total gastrectomies performed from January 2007 to December 2014 in a university hospital setting by a general surgical group that exclusively used the methylene blue test. All surgeries were performed for gastric or junctional cancers (n = 198). All reconstructions (Roux-en

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Baldiwala, Aafrin S., and Mitesh R. Trivedi. "A study of analgesic effect of methylene blue injection in post conventional haemorrhoidectomy." International Surgery Journal 9, no. 8 (2022): 1450. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20221899.

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Background: Haemorrhoids are common perianal disease. Milligan-Morgan haemorrhoidectomy operation is a classical haemorrhoid resection procedure that has been widely used as gold standard. Classical haemorrhoidectomy is associated with considerable postoperative pain. This leads to patient discomfort; prolonged hospital stays and increased cost. The causes of post haemorrhoidectomy pain are multifactorial. Methylene blue has been widely used as biological dye. It is an inhibitor of soluble guanylate cyclase. It has also been found to reduce cyclooxygenase products. The mechanism of action of m

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Chikunov, S. Yu, E. A. Balakina, and I. V. Kulakov. "Selective oxidation of the 4-ethyl-3-methylcinnoline methylene group by al<sub>2</sub>o<sub>3</sub>-supported chromium oxide." Журнал общей химии 93, no. 4 (2023): 531–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.31857/s0044460x23040054.

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The optimal conditions for the oxidation of the methylene group in 4-ethyl-3-methylcinnoline to the corresponding ketone, 3-methyl-4-acetylcinnoline, were selected. It was shown that preliminary deposition of 4-ethyl-3-methylcinnoline on some inorganic substrates has a significant effect both on the selectivity of the oxidation of only the methylene group and on a high degree of conversion to the target product.

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Kreiter, Cornelius G., Klaus Lehr та Gerhard Heeb. "Gehinderte Ligandbewegungen in Übergangsmetallkomplexen, XXXVIII [1]. [4+5]-Cycloaddition von 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadien an Tricarbonyl- η5-2,4-pentadienyl-mangan und Tricarbonyl-η5-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienyl-mangan / Hindered Ligand Motions in Transition Metal Complexes, XXXVIII [1]. [4+5] Cycloaddition of 2,3-Dimethyl-1,3-butadiene to Tricarbonyl(η5 -2 ,4 -pentadienyl)manganese and Tricarbonyl(η5 -2 ,4 -dimethyl-2 ,4 -pentadienyl)manganese". Zeitschrift für Naturforschung B 46, № 7 (1991): 941–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znb-1991-0713.

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Tricarbonyl(η5-2,4-pentadienyl)manganese (1) and tricarbonyl(η5-2,4-dimethyl-2,4-pentadienyl)manganese (2) photochemically add 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene (3). Mediated by manganese, 6,7-dimethyl-2,6-cyclononadiene-1-yl and 1,3,6,7-tetramethyl-2,6-cyclononadiene-1-yl complexes are formed. Η-shifts from the methyl groups of the substituted CC double bonds convert the primary products into tricarbonyl-η3:CH-l-methylene-2-methyl-6-cyclononen-2-ylmanganese (4), and tricarbonyl-η3:CH-1-methylene-2,5,7-trimethyl-6-cyclononen-2-yl-manganese (6), respectively. In addition tetracarbonyl-η3-1-methylene-2

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34

Trinquier, Georges. "Group 14 methylene–methane-type complexes: a theoretical study." J. Chem. Soc., Faraday Trans. 89, no. 5 (1993): 775–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/ft9938900775.

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Kumari, Suman, Vinita Gupta, Sanchita Singh, and Y. K. Gupta. "A Review Report on Active Methylene group in Malononitrile." Asian Journal of Research in Chemistry 11, no. 6 (2018): 876. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/0974-4150.2018.00153.0.

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Pevzner, L. M. "Formylation of alkyl cyanofurylmethanphosphonates at the active methylene group." Russian Journal of General Chemistry 83, no. 9 (2013): 1687–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1070363213090107.

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Britsun, V. N., A. N. Esipenko, and M. O. Lozinskii. "Heterocyclization of thioamides containing an active methylene group (review)." Chemistry of Heterocyclic Compounds 44, no. 12 (2008): 1429–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10593-009-0214-x.

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Sasaki, Motoya, Yasuo Kameda, Masahiro Yaegashi, and Takeshi Usuki. "Hydration Structure around the Methylene Group of Glycine Molecule." Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan 76, no. 12 (2003): 2293–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/bcsj.76.2293.

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Guru, Rabinarayan, Jhilik Ghosh, Atul Chauhan, and Win Verlina Routray. "Using indocyanine green and methylene blue for axillary reverse mapping in modified radical mastectomy for breast cancer." IP Journal of Diagnostic Pathology and Oncology 9, no. 2 (2024): 95–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdpo.2024.018.

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Axillary Reverse Mapping (ARM) is a method used to identify the lymph nodes (known as ARM nodes) and lymphatic vessels of the upper limb that pass through the axillary region during breast cancer surgery. It is also known as DUAL mapping or SPLIT mapping. The main goal of ARM is to decrease the occurrence of arm lymphedema. This is based on the hypothesis that the ARM procedure reveals an alternative lymphatic pathway originating from the arm. To assess the rates of intraoperative identification and metastasis of ARM nodes. The ARM node identification rate was 83.33%. In our study, the visuali

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Saleem, Mohd, Mohita Sharma, Simpy Mahajan, H. N. Sheikh, and B. L. Kalsotra. "Synthesis and Characterization of Group-6 Metal Carbonyl Complexes of Aroyl Hydrazone Derivatives." E-Journal of Chemistry 9, no. 2 (2012): 807–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/971981.

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Carbonyl complexes of Chromium, molybdenum and tungsten of composition, [M(CO)4L-L], (where M= Cr, Mo or W and L-L= benzoic acid[1-(Furan-2-yl)methylene]hydrazide (BFMH), benzoic acid[(thiophene-2-yl)methylene]hydrazide (BTMH), benzoic acid[1-(thiophene-2-yl)ethylidene] hydrazide (BTEH), benzoic acid (phenylmethylene)hydrazide (BPMH) and benzoic acid[1-(anisol-3-yl)methylene] hydrazide (BAMH) are reported. These have been prepared by refluxing metal carbonyls and the ligands in 1:1molar ratio. The complexes were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra, UV-vis spectra,1H NMR, TGA/DTA, c

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Leshchev, S. M., O. N. Mikhniuk, A. V. Nemkevich, and S. F. Furs. "Extraction of organic non-electrolytes with n-hexane from aqueous solutions of dipotassium phosphate and potassium acetate." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of Belarus, Chemical Series 55, no. 2 (2019): 149–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.29235/1561-8331-2019-55-2-149-155.

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At a temperature of 20 ± 1 °C, the distribution of model substances of various classes of organic non-electrolytes in n-hexane – aqueous solutions of dipotassium phosphate and potassium acetate was studied. The increments of the methylene and functional groups of organic non-electrolytes are calculated. It has been shown that in case of dipotassium phosphate, the nature of the salting out effect is enhancing the structure of the salt solution and the growth of the methylene group increment. For potassium acetate, the increment of the methylene group slightly increases with increasing salt conc

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John, Joel, and Sansho E. U. "A prospective observational study on lymph node mapping of sentinel lymph node biopsy using methylene blue in carcinoma breast." International Surgery Journal 8, no. 1 (2020): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2349-2902.isj20205877.

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Background: Modern screening methods has made it possible to diagnose breast cancer in as early stage as possible and axillary lymph node status is still the most important prognostic indicator in carcinoma breast. In this study we are trying to analyse the preference of lymph nodal staining in SLNB using methylene blue in early breast cancer, so that surgeons will be more aware of anatomical positions of the stained nodes, thus favouring more precise dissection, reducing the morbidity.Methods: This was a prospective observational study conducted in the Department of General Surgery, Governmen

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Nguyen, T. B., L. Ermolenko, and A. Al-Mourabit. "Redox condensation of o-halonitrobenzene with 1,2,3,4-tetrahydroisoquinoline: involvement of an unexpected auto-catalyzed redox cascade." Chemical Communications 52, no. 27 (2016): 4914–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c6cc01436d.

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Paulinelli, Régis Resende, Ruffo Freitas-Junior, Rosemar Macedo de Souza Rahal, et al. "A prospective randomized trial comparing patent blue and methylene blue for the detection of the sentinel lymph node in breast cancer patients." Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira 63, no. 2 (2017): 118–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1806-9282.63.02.118.

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Summary Introduction: Methylene blue is more widely available and less expensive than patent blue, with an apparently lower risk of anaphylaxis. Objective: The two dyes were compared regarding detection of the sentinel lymph node (SLN). Method: A prospective, randomized trial involved 142 patients with invasive breast carcinoma. Sixty-nine (49.3%) assigned to patent blue (group A) and 71 (50.70%) to methylene blue (group B). Thirty-five patients (25.0%) were clinical stage III or IV; 55 (38.7%) had axillary lymph nodes affected; and 69 (49.3%) underwent neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Two patients w

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Muhammad, S. Ansari, H. Rama Nasim, Saeed Aamer, W. Bird Clive, and T. Hussain Muhammad. "Diastereotopy in some 3,4-dihydroisocoumarins and related compounds." Journal of Indian Chemical Society Vol. 77, Jan 2000 (2000): 39–41. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5861697.

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Department of Chemistry, Quaid-I-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan Department of Chemistry, King's College, Campden Hill, London W8 7AH, U.K. <em>Manuscript received 23 March 1998, accepted 11 May 1999</em> Some complex situations of diastereotopy involving two methylene groups about a chiral centre are reported. In this regard, NMR data for protons at and vicinal to the chiral centre in eight different 3,4-dihydrooisocoumarins (1), as well as eleven related compounds (2) are presented. In the dihydroisocoumarins (1) both methylene groups adjacent to the chiral centre behave as diastere

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Klopfenstein, Sean R., Constanze Kluwe, Kristin Kirschbaum та Julian A. Davies. "The reactions of [Pd2Cl2(μ-PP)2] (PP = dppm, dmpm) with Et2NC≡CNEt2 in methylene chloride solution: X-ray crystal structures of [Pd2Cl2(μ-CH2)(μ-dppm)2] and hexakis(diethylamino)benzene, C6(NEt2)6". Canadian Journal of Chemistry 74, № 11 (1996): 2331–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v96-260.

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The binuciear palladium(I) complex, [Pd2Cl2(μ-dppm)2] (dppm = bis(diphenylphosphino)methane), has been shown to react with bis(diethylamino)acetylene, Et2NC≡CNEt2, in methylene chloride solution to yield two isolable products, the known methylene-bridged complex, [Pd2Cl2(μ-CH2)(μ-dppm)2], and hexakis(diethylamino)benzene, C6(NEt2)6, both of which have been characterized crystallographically. The source of the bridging methylene group in [Pd2Cl2(μ-CH2)(μ-dppm)2] has been shown to be the methylene chloride solvent. A mechanism that accounts for the formation of the two isolable products is propo

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Nagae, Haruki, Kazutaka Sakamoto, Sakiko Fujiwara та ін. "Aerobic oxygenation of α-methylene ketones under visible-light catalysed by a CeNi₃ complex with a macrocyclic tris(salen)-ligand". Chemical Communications 57, № 85 (2021): 11169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1cc04540g.

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Zajíček, Jaroslav, Ivan Rosenberg, Radek Liboska, et al. "Conformational Studies on Diribonucleoside Monophosphate Analogs Containing a Nonisosteric, Isopolar, Phosphonate-Based Internucleotide Linkage." Collection of Czechoslovak Chemical Communications 62, no. 1 (1997): 83–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1135/cccc19970083.

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Two types of (2'-5') and (3'-5') isomers of phosphonate analogs of diribonucleotides derived from 2'-, 3'- or 5'-O-phosphonomethyl ribonucleosides, that differ in the position of methylene group in the phosphonate internucleotide linkage, have been studied in aqueous solution by NMR techniques in order to compare their basic structural features with those of the natural (3'-5') diribonucleotides. Despite the additional methylene group in the ribose-phosphate backbone, dinucleoside phosphonates are structurally and conformationally very similar to their natural counterparts.

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MOVILEANU, LIVIU, and DUMITRU POPESCU. "GLOBAL RATIO OF EFFICIENCY IN A SINGLE CHAIN BINARY MIXTURE." Journal of Biological Systems 04, no. 03 (1996): 425–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218339096000284.

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This paper is devoted to a newly proposed subject regarding the association processes from a single chain binary mixture. A test system was developed for 36 binary mixtures to evaluate the mean association probabilities. A methylene group added to the short hydrophobic chain is four times more effective on the mean self-association probability h11 than a methylene group added to the long hydrophobic chain. As far as this comparing effect is concerned, this is twice more effective for the mean self-association probability h22.

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Nagata, Yuuya, Tsuyoshi Nishikawa, and Michinori Suginome. "Abnormal sergeants-and-soldiers effects of poly(quinoxaline-2,3-diyl)s enabling discrimination of one-carbon homologous n-alkanes through a highly sensitive solvent-dependent helix inversion." Chemical Communications 54, no. 50 (2018): 6867–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8cc02836b.

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