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Journal articles on the topic 'Methylphenanthrenes'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 5 June 2025

Last updated: 1 August 2025

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1

He, Chuan, Haiping Huang, Qianru Wang, and Zongxing Li. "Correlation of Maturity Parameters Derived from Methylphenanthrenes and Methyldibenzothiophenes in the Carboniferous Source Rocks from Qaidam Basin, NW China." Geofluids 2019 (December 21, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5742902.

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Twenty-one core samples from the Carboniferous Keluke Formation in the Qaidam basin, NW China, have been geochemically characterized to investigate thermal maturation influence on the evolution behaviors of aromatic hydrocarbons and the validity of commonly used maturity parameters. The Keluke Formation was deposited in marine to continental transitional facies and dominated by type III kerogen. Rock-Eval Tmax and vitrinite reflectance (%Ro) measurement suggested that the studied samples are highly matured at peak oil to gas condensate generation stages. Most biomarkers lost their sensitivity

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2

Sampei, Yoshikazu, Tetsuya Shiomi, and Hiroto Ohira. "Isomerization of methylphenanthrenes during catagenesis and metagenesis." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 69, no. 2 (2004): 190–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.69.190.

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3

Wu, Suh-Huey, Yane-Shih Wang, Lian-Xin Fan, Robert T. D. Chang, and Ded-Shih Huang. "Hydrous Pyrolysis of Methylphenanthrenes - Degradation and Isomerization." Journal of the Chinese Chemical Society 49, no. 3 (2002): 315–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jccs.200200048.

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4

Lamberts, Rasmus F., Jan H. Christensen, Philipp Mayer, Ole Andersen, and Anders R. Johnsen. "Isomer-Specific Biodegradation of Methylphenanthrenes by Soil Bacteria." Environmental Science & Technology 42, no. 13 (2008): 4790–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es800063s.

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5

Voigtmann, Michael F., Kezhan Yang, Barry D. Batts, and John W. Smith. "Evidence for synthetic generation of methylphenanthrenes in sediments." Fuel 73, no. 12 (1994): 1899–903. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-2361(94)90219-4.

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6

T., Nadalig, Raymond N., Not Available Not Available, Gilewicz M., Budzinski H., and Bertrand J. "Degradation of phenanthrene, methylphenanthrenes and dibenzothiophene by a Sphingomonas strain 2mpII." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 59, no. 1 (2002): 79–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00253-002-0960-5.

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7

Beckmann, Peter. "Solid state proton spin-lattice relaxation in polycrystalline methylphenanthrenes. IV. 1,4-dimethylphenanthrene." Journal of Chemical Physics 150, no. 12 (2019): 124508. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.5082925.

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8

Cai, Xiongwei, Stephen Brown, Peter Hodson, and Victor Snieckus. "Regiospecific synthesis of alkylphenanthrenes using a combined directed ortho and remote metalation SuzukiMiyaura cross coupling strategy." Canadian Journal of Chemistry 82, no. 2 (2004): 195–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/v03-179.

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Using a combined directed ortho metalation (DoM) SuzukiMiyaura cross coupling directed remote metalation (DreM) approach, the alkylphenanthrenes (APs) 1-methyl- (5a), 1,7-dimethyl- (5b), 2,7-dimethyl- (5c), 7-ethyl-1-methyl- (15), and 7-tert-butyl-1-methylphenanthrenes (27) have been synthesized in four to seven steps and 21%36% overall yields. In contrast to classical protocols, this method, which may be scaled to gram quantities, provides single isomers of APs in high purity of value as analytical standards for environmental studies. Aminocarbonylation of triflates to N,N-diethylbenzam

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9

Imashiro, Fumio, A. Saika, and Zenei Taira. "Crystal structures of 4,5-dimethyl- and 4-methylphenanthrenes. Planarity of congested phenanthrene molecules." Journal of Organic Chemistry 52, no. 26 (1987): 5727–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00235a015.

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10

Matsuzawa, Sadao, Leila Moeini-nombel, Helene Budzinski, and Philippe Garrigues. "Photochemical Degradation of 1- and 2-methylphenanthrenes in Acetonitrile and on Some Solids." Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds 13, no. 4 (2000): 403–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10406630008233853.

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11

Lee, Woojin, Philip S. Stevens, and Ronald A. Hites. "Rate Constants for the Gas-Phase Reactions of Methylphenanthrenes with OH as a Function of Temperature." Journal of Physical Chemistry A 107, no. 34 (2003): 6603–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jp034159k.

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12

Vila, Joaquim, and Magdalena Grifoll. "Actions of Mycobacterium sp. Strain AP1 on the Saturated- and Aromatic-Hydrocarbon Fractions of Fuel Oil in a Marine Medium." Applied and Environmental Microbiology 75, no. 19 (2009): 6232–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/aem.02726-08.

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ABSTRACT The pyrene-degrading Mycobacterium sp. strain AP1 grew in nutrient-supplemented artificial seawater with a heavy fuel oil as the sole carbon source, causing the complete removal of all linear (C12 to C40) and branched alkanes from the aliphatic fraction, as well as an extensive degradation of the three- and four-ring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) phenanthrene (95%), anthracene (80%), fluoranthene (80%), pyrene (75%), and benzo(a)anthracene (30%). Alkylated PAHs, which are more abundant in crude oils than the nonsubstituted compounds, were selectively attacked at extents that

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13

Szczerba, Marek, and Mariusz J. Rospondek. "Controls on distributions of methylphenanthrenes in sedimentary rock extracts: Critical evaluation of existing geochemical data from molecular modelling." Organic Geochemistry 41, no. 12 (2010): 1297–311. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.orggeochem.2010.09.009.

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14

Sampei, Yoshikazu, Noriyuki Suzuki, Kazushi Mori, Tadashi Nakai, and Kaichi Sekiguchi. "Methylphenanthrenes from the MITI Takada-heiya well and thermally altered Kusanagi shales by dolerite intrusion in Northeast Japan." GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL 28, no. 4 (1994): 317–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2343/geochemj.28.317.

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15

Ferreira, Tatiana Felix, Fernanda Faria Martins, Caroline Alves Cayres, Priscilla F. F. Amaral, Débora de Almeida Azevedo, and Maria Alice Zarur Coelho. "Biosurfactant Production from the Biodegradation of n-Paraffins, Isoprenoids and Aromatic Hydrocarbons from Crude Petroleum by Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682." Fermentation 9, no. 1 (2022): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation9010021.

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Yarrowia lipolytica is a unique, strictly aerobic yeast with the ability to degrade efficiently hydrophobic substrates. In the present work, we evaluated the degrading potential of Yarrowia lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682, isolated from tropical estuarine water in Rio de Janeiro (Brazil), and the possible biomolecules produced during this process. To investigate which crude oil compounds are degraded by Y. lipolytica IMUFRJ 50682, this microorganism was grown in a medium containing Marlim petroleum (19 °API, American Petroleum Institute gravity) at 28 °C and 160 rpm for 5 days. The residual petroleum

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16

SARMAH, MANOJ KUMAR, ARUN BORTHAKUR, and ARADHANA DUTTA. "Pyrolysis of petroleum asphaltenes from different geological origins and use of methylnaphthalenes and methylphenanthrenes as maturity indicators for asphaltenes." Bulletin of Materials Science 36, no. 2 (2013): 311–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-013-0452-5.

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17

Sarmah, Manoj Kumar, Arun Borthakur, and Aradhana Dutta. "Pyrolysis of petroleum asphaltenes from different geological origins and use of methylnaphthalenes and methylphenanthrenes as maturity indicators for asphaltenes." Bulletin of Materials Science 33, no. 4 (2010): 509–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12034-010-0077-x.

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18

Pal, Sitaram, Bimal K. Banik, and Usha Ranjan Ghatak. "Condensed cyclic and bridged-ring systems. Part 15. Acid-catalysed intramolecular alkylations in 1-diazoacetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9-methoxy-1-methylphenanthrenes." Journal of the Chemical Society, Perkin Transactions 1, no. 8 (1994): 1105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/p19940001105.

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19

Conn, K. G., P. A. Beckmann, C. W. Mallory, and F. B. Mallory. "Methyl reorientation in methylphenanthrenes. I. Solid state proton spin–lattice relaxation in the 3‐methyl, 9‐methyl, and 3,9‐dimethyl systems." Journal of Chemical Physics 87, no. 1 (1987): 20–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.453617.

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20

БУШНЕВ, Д. А., Н. С. БУРДЕЛЬНАЯ, С. М. СНИГИРЕВСКИЙ, et al. "GEOLOGIC AND GEOCHEMICAL FEATURES OF THE UPPER DEVONIAN COALS OF THE NORTH TIMAN (THE SULA RIVER COAL FIELD)." Геология и геофизика 65, no. 1 (2024): 164–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.15372/gig2023139.

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Комплексно исследован состав древнейших углей Тимано-Североуральского региона, приводятся сведенья об их углеводородном и микрокомпонентном составе. Показана связь углей с определёнными растительными сообществами позднего девона Северного Тимана. В ряде образцов выявлено присутствие микро- и мегаспор и остатков растений, относящихся преимущественно к плауновидным рода Helenia; образование гагатов связывается с древесиной археоптерисовых, относимых к роду Callixylon. Значения отражательной способности витринита и показатели Tmax, а также данные о распределении полициклических биомаркеров и мети

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21

Mazeas, L., and H. Budzinski. "Stable carbon isotopic study ( 12 C/ 13 C) of the fate of petrogenic PAHs (methylphenanthrenes) during an in-situ oil spill simulation experiment." Organic Geochemistry 33, no. 11 (2002): 1253–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00135-3.

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22

Mallory, F. B., C. W. Mallory, K. G. Conn, and P. A. Beckmann. "Methyl reorientation in methylphenanthrenes—II. solid state proton spin-lattice relaxation in the 1-CH3, 9-CH3 and 1-CD3, 9-CH3 systems." Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids 51, no. 2 (1990): 129–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0022-3697(90)90083-r.

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23

PAL, S., B. K. BANIK, and U. R. GHATAK. "ChemInform Abstract: Condensed Cyclic and Bridged-Ring Systems. Part 15. Acid-Catalyzed Intramolecular Alkylations in 1-Diazoacetyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-9- methoxy-1-methylphenanthrenes." ChemInform 25, no. 33 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199433065.

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24

Mandal, Ashis Baran, Gene-Hsiang Lee, Yi-Hung Liu, Shie-Ming Peng, and Man-kit Leung. "Formation of 4-Methylphenanthrenes in Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Diethyl 2,2‘-Diiodo-4,4‘-biphenyldicarboxylate with Internal Alkynes, Using Methyl Nitrobenzoates as the Methylating Agent." Journal of Organic Chemistry 65, no. 2 (2000): 332–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo991100u.

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25

Stojanovic, Ksenija, Branimir Jovancicevic, Dragomir Vitorovic, Yulia Golovko, Galina Pevneva, and Anatoly Golovko. "Evaluation of saturated and aromatic hydrocarbons oil-oil maturity correlation parameters (SE Pannonian Basin, Serbia)." Journal of the Serbian Chemical Society 72, no. 12 (2007): 1237–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/jsc0712237s.

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Twenty three crude oils from the Serbian part of the Pannonian Basin (14 from the Vojvodina Province and 9 from the Drmno Depression) were investigated, aimed at an evaluation of oil-oil maturity correlation parameters based on the distribution and abundance of saturated biomarkers and alkylarene constituents. Factor and cluster analyses were used for this purpose. Factor analyses using varimax rotation were first run separately, i.e., of maturity parameters based on the abundance of (a) n-alkanes and isoprenoids, (b) steranes and triterpanes, (c) alkylnaphthalenes, and (d) alkylphenanthrenes.

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26

Mandal, Ashis Baran, Gene-Hsiang Lee, Yi-Hung Liu, Shie-Ming Peng, and Man-kit Leung. "ChemInform Abstract: Formation of 4-Methylphenanthrenes in Palladium-Catalyzed Annulation of Diethyl 2,2′-Diiodo-4,4′-biphenyldicarboxylate with Internal Alkynes, Using Methyl Nitrobenzoates as the Methylating Agent." ChemInform 31, no. 18 (2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200018078.

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27

Chirico, R. D., I. A. Hossenlopp, A. Nguyen, W. V. Steele, and B. E. Gammon. "The thermodynamic properties of 4-methylphenanthrene." Journal of Chemical Thermodynamics 21, no. 2 (1989): 179–201. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0021-9614(89)90130-4.

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28

Muhartanto, Arista, Yarra Sutadiwiria, Mordekhai Mordekhai, Imam Setiaji Ronoatmojo, Cahyaningratri Prima Riyandhani, and Muhammad Burhannudinnur. "Thermal Maturation Trend and Cluster Validation Using K-Means Clustering: Case Study in Salawati Basin." Indonesian Journal on Geoscience 11, no. 1 (2024): 111–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.17014/ijog.11.1.111-122.

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In the last few years, exploration activities have experienced obstacles and have not attracted much attention from researchers in Indonesia. One of the basins in Indonesia that is still interesting is Salawati Basin in West Papua, Indonesia. Several studies related to petroleum systems have been carried out in this basin, especially those that control the migration of hydrocarbon in Salawati Basin. This research was conducted on three wells located in the western of Salawati Basin to evaluate the characteristics and the maturity of the source rock, especially the Sirga Formation. This formati

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29

LIU, S., J. CHE, Y. M. ZHAO, H. F. WEI, and C. F. LIU. "TOXICITY OF 3-METHYLPHENANTHRENE ON JAPANESE SPIKY SEA CUCUMBER (APOSTICHOPUS JAPONICUS)." Applied Ecology and Environmental Research 20, no. 1 (2022): 69–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.15666/aeer/2001_069077.

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30

Sha, Sha, Jianan Zhong, Baowei Chen, Li Lin, and Tiangang Luan. "Novosphingobium guangzhouense sp. nov., with the ability to degrade 1-methylphenanthrene." International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 67, no. 2 (2017): 489–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/ijsem.0.001669.

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31

Kvalheim, Olav M., Alfred A. Christy, Nils Telnæs, and Alf Bjørseth. "Maturity determination of organic matter in coals using the methylphenanthrene distribution." Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta 51, no. 7 (1987): 1883–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90179-7.

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32

Stojanović, Ksenija, Branimir Jovančićević, Anatoly Golovko, et al. "Phenanthrene and Methylphenanthrene Isomers in Maturity Assessment of Biodegraded Crude Oils (Sakhalin, Russia)." Eurasian Chemico-Technological Journal 4, no. 3 (2017): 213. http://dx.doi.org/10.18321/ectj537.

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This paper is aimed at defining two new advantageous maturation parameters based on distribution and abundance of phenanthrene (P) and methylphenanthrene (MP) isomers in the tricyclic fraction of<br />aromatic hydrocarbons: MPI 3+1/PAI 1 and [2(2-MP+3-MP)+P]/1-MP. The applicability of newly proposed parameters was checked by correlation analysis. Depth of the reservoir rock, diasterane maturation parameter, as well as several typical aromatic fraction maturation parameters were used for this purpose. The examined oils (fourteen samples from nine oil fields of Sakhalin Island, Russia), we

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33

Niu, Chaofeng, Peiyu Zhang, Lijing Zhang, et al. "Molecular targets and mechanisms of Guanxinning tablet in treating atherosclerosis: Network pharmacology and molecular docking analysis." Medicine 102, no. 39 (2023): e35106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/md.0000000000035106.

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Background: Guanxinning tablet (GXNT), a Chinese patent medicine, is composed of salvia miltiorrhiza bunge and ligusticum striatum DC, which may play the role of endothelial protection through many pathways. We aimed to explore the molecular mechanisms of GXNT against atherosclerosis (AS) through network pharmacology and molecular docking verification. Methods: The active ingredients and their potential targets of GXNT were obtained in traditional Chinese medicine systems pharmacology database and analysis platform and bioinformatics analysis tool for molecular mechanism of traditional Chinese

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34

Gilewicz, M., Not Available Not Available, T. Nadalig, et al. "Isolation and characterization of a marine bacterium capable of utilizing 2-methylphenanthrene." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 48, no. 4 (1997): 528–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051091.

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35

Cheng, Yong, Yuzhao Hu, Saihua Xu, and Di Wang. "TSR Action and Genesis Mechanism of Antimony Deposit: Evidence from Aromatic Hydrocarbon Geochemistry of Bitumen from Paleo-Oil Reservoir in Qinglong Ore Field, Southwestern Guizhou Depression, China." Minerals 12, no. 10 (2022): 1306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/min12101306.

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In Qinglong ore field, the paleo-oil reservoir is found to be associated with antimony deposits, and they have a close genetic relationship. In this study, the aromatics geochemistry of paleo-oil reservoir bitumen was studied to further discuss the thermochemical sulfate reduction (TSR) reaction and the mechanism of antimony mineralization. A total of 124 aromatic compounds were identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis in bitumen samples, including abundant phenanthrene series, dibenzothiophene series, fluoranthene series, chrysene series, and a small number of fluor

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36

Luo, Lijuan, Zhengyu Xiao, Xiaoyu Zhou, et al. "Quantum chemical calculation to elucidate the biodegradation pathway of methylphenanthrene by green microalgae." Water Research 173 (April 2020): 115598. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2020.115598.

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37

Budzinski, Hélène, Thierry Nadalig, Natalie Raymond, Ni' Matuzahroh, and Michèle Gilewicz. "Evidence of two metabolic pathways for degradation of 2-methylphenanthrene bySphingomonassp. strain (2MPII)." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 11 (2000): 2672–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191109.

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38

Kato, Susumu, and Hideki Nishita. "Methylphenanthrene maturity parameters of crude oils from oil and gas fields in Niigata Prefecture." Journal of the Japanese Association for Petroleum Technology 75, no. 4 (2010): 286–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.3720/japt.75.286.

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39

Kubo, Yasuo, Chie Egusa, and Takeo Araki. "PHOTOCHEMICAL REACTION OFN-METHYLPHENANTHRENE-9,10-DICARBOXIMIDE WITH SECONDARY AMINES. AMINOLYSIS FROM N–H ABSTRACTION." Chemistry Letters 14, no. 8 (1985): 1213–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1246/cl.1985.1213.

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40

Sabaté, J., M. Grifoll, M. Viñas, and A. M. Solanas. "Isolation and characterization of a 2-methylphenanthrene utilizing bacterium: identification of ring cleavage metabolites." Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 52, no. 5 (1999): 704–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530051582.

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41

Tupper, N. P., and D. M. Burckhardt. "USE OF THE METHYLPHENANTHRENE INDEX TO CHARACTERISE EXPULSION OF COOPER AND EROMANGA BASIN OILS." APPEA Journal 30, no. 1 (1990): 373. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/aj89025.

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The methylphenanthrene index (MPI) molecular maturity parameter is available for over 100 Cooper and Eromanga Basin oils. Oil maturity data define the threshold and range of expulsion maturity for source rocks and can be used to determine oil-source affinity. Mapping of this maturity range for all potential source rocks identifies areas of greatest oil potential.Cooper and Eromanga oils were expelled over a wide maturity range commencing at 0.6 per cent calculated vitrinite reflectance equivalent in some parts of the basin. Oil occurrence and expulsion maturity are controlled by variations in

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42

Smolarek, Justyna, and Leszek Marynowski. "Aromatic hydrocarbons from the Middle Jurassic fossil wood of the Polish Jura." Contemporary Trends in Geoscience 2, no. 1 (2013): 82–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ctg-2014-0012.

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ABSTRACT Aromatic hydrocarbons are present in the fossil wood samples in relatively small amounts. In almost all of the tested samples the dominating aromatic hydrocarbon is perylene and its methyl and dimethyl derivatives. The most important biomarkers present in the aromatic fraction are dehydroabietane, siomonellite and retene, compounds characteristic for conifers. The distribution of discussed compounds is highly variable due to such early diagenetic processes affecting the wood as oxidation and the activity of microorganisms. MPI1 parameter values (methylphenanthrene index) for the major

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43

Lee, So-Young, and Jung-Hwan Kwon. "Enhancement of Toxic Efficacy of Alkylated Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons Transformed by Sphingobium quisquiliarum." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (2020): 6416. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176416.

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Alkylated polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are abundant in crude oils and refined petroleum products and are considered as major contributors to the toxicity of spilled oils. In this study, the microbial degradation of model (alkylated) PAHs (i.e., phenanthrene, 3-methylphenanthrene, 3,6-dimethylphenanthrene (36DMPhe), pyrene, and 1-methylpyrene (1MP)) by the bacterium Sphingobium quisquiliarum EPA505, a known degrader of PAHs, was studied. To evaluate the toxic potential of the metabolic products, reaction mixtures containing metabolites of 36DMPhe and 1MP were fractionated by high-per

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44

Budzinski, Hélène, Thierry Nadalig, Natalie Raymond, and Michèle Gilewicz. "EVIDENCE OF TWO METABOLIC PATHWAYS FOR DEGRADATION OF 2-METHYLPHENANTHRENE BY SPHINGOMONAS SP. STRAIN (2MPII)." Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry 19, no. 11 (2000): 2672. http://dx.doi.org/10.1897/1551-5028(2000)019<2672:eotmpf>2.0.co;2.

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45

Kubo, Yasuo, Soshi Togawa, Kengo Yamane, Akio Takuwa, and Takeo Araki. "Photoreactions of N-methylphenanthrene-9,10-dicarboximide with alkenes and dienes. Heavy-atom effect of halides." Journal of Organic Chemistry 54, no. 20 (1989): 4929–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jo00281a040.

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46

Cassani, Fernando, Oswaldo Gallango, Suhas Talukdar, Carlos Vallejos, and Ursula Ehrmann. "Methylphenanthrene maturity index of marine source rock extracts and crude oils from the Maracaibo Basin." Organic Geochemistry 13, no. 1-3 (1988): 73–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0146-6380(88)90027-7.

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47

Hamdani, Ahmad Helman, and Winantris Sanusi. "Pliocene Coal Geochemistry: Palaeovegetation and Palaeoclimate Distribution in Berau Basin, Indonesia." European Journal of Environment and Earth Sciences 5, no. 3 (2024): 42–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/ejgeo.2024.5.3.442.

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We investigated the distributions and concentrations of plant-derived aliphatic-aromatic biomarkers in the Pliocene coal seam from the Pliocene Sajau Formation (CSF) in Berau Basin, Indonesia. In all coal samples, the presence of these components is abundant and varied, reflecting the diversity of paleoflora species and ancient climate variations during coal sedimentation. The distribution of aromatic hydrocarbons was detected, including 1,2,7-Trimethylnaphthalene (TMN), 1,6,7-TMN, and 1,2,5-TMN, cadalene, retene, 1-methylphenanthrene (M.P.), 3-MP, Phenantherene, 1,2,-dimethylphenanthrene (DMP

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48

Zhong, Jianan, Lijuan Luo, Baowei Chen, et al. "Degradation pathways of 1-methylphenanthrene in bacterial Sphingobium sp. MP9-4 isolated from petroleum-contaminated soil." Marine Pollution Bulletin 114, no. 2 (2017): 926–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpolbul.2016.11.020.

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Ni'matuzahroh, M. Gilewicz, M. Guiliano, and J. C. Bertrand. "In-vitro study of interaction between photooxidation and biodegradation of 2-methylphenanthrene by Sphingomonas sp. 2MPII." Chemosphere 38, no. 11 (1999): 2501–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0045-6535(98)00456-1.

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Schomburg, G., F. Weeke, and R. G. Schaefer. "Direct determination of the phenanthrene and methylphenanthrene isomer distribution in crude oils by multidimensional capillary GC." Journal of High Resolution Chromatography 8, no. 8 (1985): 388–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jhrc.1240080805.

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