Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Metilazione DNA'
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Pasini, Alice <1981>. "La metilazione del DNA come meccanismo di regolazione dell'espressione genica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2687/1/Pasini_Alice_tesi.pdf.
Full textPasini, Alice <1981>. "La metilazione del DNA come meccanismo di regolazione dell'espressione genica." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2010. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/2687/.
Full textSessa, Mariarosaria <1989>. "Metilazione del DNA e Trapianto Allogenico di Cellule Staminali Emopoietiche." Doctoral thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2022. http://amsdottorato.unibo.it/10248/1/tesi%20dottorato%20FINALE%20caricata.pdf.
Full textAllogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) is a well-established therapy for several life-threatening hematological disorders, mostly malignancies. However, non-relapse mortality (NRM) has limited its use in patients aged over 65 years. Nowadays age cannot be considered an absolute contraindication for this treatment and the use of transplantation, in patient groups once considered unsuitable, is increasing significantly. NRM is due to three types of complications: immunological (graft versus host disease), infectious and toxic. Organ toxicity is directly related to the intensity of conditioning which is therefore reduced in case of comorbidities and in elderly patients. However, reducing the intensity of chemotherapy also means increasing the risk of relapse of the underlying haematological disease and therefore this adjustment must consider aging and comorbidity indexes in order not to reduce the curative potential of the transplant. To evaluate comorbidities we have a highly predictive score (the Comorbidity Index Score by Sorror, HCT-CI), while to evaluate aging there is a great clinical need to apply innovative biological age markers. The present work aims to evaluate the state of DNA methylation, a biological age index, in the setting of patients undergoing allogeneic haematopoietic stem cell transplantation for all haematological indication. The aim is also to correlate the epigenome with the transplant risk of the single individual.
FLORIS, GABRIELE. "Effetto dell’etanolo sullo stato di metilazione del gene che codifica per la neurotrofina “Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor”." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Cagliari, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11584/266470.
Full textPoli, Elena. "DNA METHYLATION ANALYSIS IN RHABDOMYOSARCOMA." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Padova, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11577/3424380.
Full textIl rabdomiosarcoma (RMS) è una sarcoma pediatrico dei tessuti molli altamente aggressivo. Viene classificato principalmente in due sottotipi, caratterizzati da istologia alveolare (RMSA) o embrionale (RMSE). Nei RMSA si osserva un comportamento più aggressivo e una maggiore tendenza a presentare metastasi alla diagnosi e alla ricaduta dopo trattamento. Circa l'80% dei RMSA presentano la traslocazione cromosomica reciproca t(2; 13) (q35; q14) e, meno comunemente, la variante t(1; 13) (p36; q14), in cui i geni PAX3 e FOXO1, o PAX7 e FOXO1, rispettivamente, sono giustapposti. Purtroppo, non si conoscono aberrazioni genetiche specifiche nei RMSE e i fattori miogenici, come miogenina e MyoD1, sono gli unici indicatori diagnostici che possono essere utilizzati. Nonostante l’applicazione di terapie aggressive multimodali, la prognosi dei pazienti affetti da RMS, della categoria alto rischio, non è migliorata, con un tasso di sopravvivenza a 5 anni inferiore al 20-30%. Questo dato indica la necessità di sviluppare nuove strategie terapeutiche. Nell’ultimo decennio molti studi scientifici hanno dimostrato che in base al profilo di espressione genica è possibile distinguere RMS PAX3-FOXO1-positivi e PAX3-FOXO1-negativi, ma le ragioni di questa diversa espressione sono ancora sconosciute. L’anomala metilazione del DNA è un indicatore di neoplasia e potrebbe essere la causa responsabile della diversa espressione genica dei due sottotipi di tumore. In questo studio, per mezzo di esperimenti di microarray, abbiamo realizzato un’analisi dello stato di metilazione del DNA su tutto il genoma, proseguendo poi con esperimenti di sequenziamento sfruttando la tecnica Reduced-Representation Bisulfite Sequencing (RRBS). L’analisi dei risultati ottenuti con gli esperimenti di microarray ha dimostrato, non solo un profilo di metilazione diverso tra i RMS PAX3-FOXO1-positivi e negativi, ma anche tra i RMS metastatici e non metastatici. Abbiamo confermato che il gene HOXC11 risulta essere differenzialmente metilato tra linee cellulari di RMS PAX3-FOXO1-positive e negative, sfruttando trattamenti con agenti demetilanti in vitro e sequenziamento del DNA dopo conversione con bisolfito; purtroppo, non abbiamo confermato il risultato nella coorte di biopsie di RMS. Inoltre, abbiamo effettuato un'ulteriore analisi sui dati di microarray confrontando i RMS metastatici con i non metastatici. Abbiamo trovato un elevato numero di regioni differenzialmente metilate (DMR) e molte di queste sono risultate coincidere con le regioni promotoriali di geni implicati nello sviluppo di tumori; in particolare, abbiamo trovato DMR connesse alla famiglia delle clustered protocaderine, note come geni soppressori di tumore. Abbiamo poi confermato un diverso profilo di espressione del gene PCDHA4, così come un diverso stato di metilazione a livello della sua regione promotoriale, confrontando campioni di RMS metastatici e non metastatici. Tuttavia, lo stato di metilazione e il livello di espressione di PCDHA4 non hanno dimostrato una correlazione significativa con le caratteristiche cliniche del RMS. Il gene PCDHA4 non risulta quindi essere un predittore prognostico nel RMS. Successivamente, abbiamo effettuato un sequenziamento RRBS, al fine di validare i dati ottenuti con le piattaforme dei microarray. Ne è risultata una bassa concordanza tra i due approcci, probabilmente a causa della bassa qualità del DNA utilizzato negli esperimenti di microarray. Il sequenziamento RRBS ha dimostrato ancora una volta che i RMS PAX3-FOXO1-positivi hanno un profilo di metilazione diverso dai RMS PAX3-FOXO1-negativi. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che GADD45G e NELL1, già descritti come soppressori tumorali in altri tipi di tumore e spesso regolati in maniera negativa da processi di metilazione, sono anche coinvolti nella biologia del RMS. Con i nostri esperimenti abbiamo confermato una regolazione epigenetica, mediata dalla metilazione del DNA ,per i geni GADD45G e NELL1, e come la loro espressione sia correlata alla istologia del RMS, alla presenza dei geni di fusione e alla stadiazione in gruppi IRS. Inoltre, abbiamo dimostrato che i livelli di espressione di GADD45G e NELL1 influenzano la sopravvivenza libera da progressione di malattia nei pazienti affetti da RMS, suggerendo la loro associazione con una prognosi sfavorevole. In conclusione, il nostro lavoro ha dimostrato che GADD45G e NELL1 potrebbero essere nuovi potenziali biomarcatori nel RMS, evidenziando come il profilo di metilazione del DNA nel RMS potrebbe favorire lo sviluppo di nuove strategie terapeutiche. Ci auguriamo che i nostri sforzi possano contribuire ad una migliore classificazione molecolare dei tumori nei pazienti affetti da RMS e alla identificazione di nuovi bersagli farmacologici per una terapia più mirata.
NASELLI, Flores. "NUTRIGENOMICS EFFECTS OF PHYTOCHEMICAL INDICAXANTHIN IN in vitro CELL SYSTEMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/90899.
Full textGRECO, CAROLINA MAGDALEN. "Epigenetics of Myocardial Physiology and Disease." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/83911.
Full textLA, VECCHIA CLAUDIA. "DNA Methylation Machinery in Mytilus galloprovincialis and its Crucial Role during Embryogenesis." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2022. https://hdl.handle.net/11566/299755.
Full textEpigenetic modifications play a key role in regulating gene expression in all organisms. In metazoans among various epigenetic mechanisms, DNA methylation influences embryonic development and gene expression in both vertebrates and invertebrates. As a consequence, differentiated cells develop a stable and unique DNA methylation pattern that regulates tissue-specific gene transcription: a critical mechanism for development. DNA methylation, however, remains poorly investigated in mollusks. Therefore, we decided to investigate the mechanisms underlying this process in the marine bivalve Mytilus galloprovincialis and belonging to the phylum Mollusca. To shed light on this process, we first screened its genome detecting two major groups of DNMT enzymes, three MBD members, and one TET protein, which were subject to phylogenetic studies and protein domain characterization. We then investigated the expression of these genes both during development and in different adult tissues together with the dynamics of global DNA methylation levels during embryogenesis. In addition, the role of DNA methylation during its embryogenesis was further assessed by the use of specific inhibitors for DNMT1 and TET. Interestingly, we found similar to other vertebrates and invertebrates that embryos treated with these inhibitors display delayed or arrested development: a likely consequence of altered DNA methylation. As DNA methylation functions also promote phenotypic plasticity, we started to investigate if exposure to specific emerging contaminants (ECs) can influence DNA methylation patterns in Mytilus galloprovincialis embryos by taking advantage of an innovative technique, the Methyl-RAD sequencing. In conclusion, our findings provide the first insight into DNA methylation responsible for the proper development of Mytilus galloprovincialis giving fundamental information to better understand the complex role played by this mechanism in regulating genome activity in bivalves.
PROVENZI, LIVIO. "Epigenetica comportamentale della prematurità: Come la metilazione del DNA media l'impatto di precoci esperienze avverse sullo sviluppo socio-emozionale in bambini nati fortemente pretermine." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10788.
Full textIn the present work, the candidate reports the results of an innovative longitudinal research project in the field of psychobiology. The recent epigenetic progresses have been applied to the study of the consequences of early adverse event exposures on the socio-emotional development of very preterm infants. Preterm birth is a major concern for socio-emotional development, partly due to the exposure to adverse stressful stimulations (i.e., skin-breaking procedures) during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Epigenetics refers to biochemical processes which are sensitive to environmental cues and which alter the transcriptional activity of specific genes without changing the DNA structure. The candidate has developed a clinically relevant rationale for preterm behavioral epigenetics (PBE). The research project has demonstrated that the early exposure to high levels of skin-breaking procedures during NICU stay associate with non-optimal temperamental profile and stress regulation at 3 months of age. This association was mediated by epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation) of the stress-related gene encoding for serotonin transporter. The theoretical, clinical and ethical implications of these findings are discussed further in the final section of the thesis. The PBE project provides a new framework for the issue of the interconnections between nature and nurture.
PROVENZI, LIVIO. "Epigenetica comportamentale della prematurità: Come la metilazione del DNA media l'impatto di precoci esperienze avverse sullo sviluppo socio-emozionale in bambini nati fortemente pretermine." Doctoral thesis, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10280/10788.
Full textIn the present work, the candidate reports the results of an innovative longitudinal research project in the field of psychobiology. The recent epigenetic progresses have been applied to the study of the consequences of early adverse event exposures on the socio-emotional development of very preterm infants. Preterm birth is a major concern for socio-emotional development, partly due to the exposure to adverse stressful stimulations (i.e., skin-breaking procedures) during the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) stay. Epigenetics refers to biochemical processes which are sensitive to environmental cues and which alter the transcriptional activity of specific genes without changing the DNA structure. The candidate has developed a clinically relevant rationale for preterm behavioral epigenetics (PBE). The research project has demonstrated that the early exposure to high levels of skin-breaking procedures during NICU stay associate with non-optimal temperamental profile and stress regulation at 3 months of age. This association was mediated by epigenetic modifications (DNA methylation) of the stress-related gene encoding for serotonin transporter. The theoretical, clinical and ethical implications of these findings are discussed further in the final section of the thesis. The PBE project provides a new framework for the issue of the interconnections between nature and nurture.
Filosa, Alessandra. "Ruolo della metilazione e della acetilazione del DNA nel carcinoma renale a cellule chiare: analisi di 50 pazienti sottoposti a chirurgia radicale con lungo follow-up." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242156.
Full textDeregulation of gene expression is a hallmark of cancer. Although genetic lesions have been the focus of cancer research for many years, it has become increasingly recognized that aberrant epigenetic modifications also play major roles in the tumorigenic process. These modifications are imposed on chromatin, do not change the nucleotide sequence of DNA, and are manifested by specific patterns of gene expression that are heritable through many cell divisions, The best-known epigenetic marker is DNA methylation. The initial finding of global hypomethylation of DNA in human tumors was soon followed by the identification of hypermethylated tumor-suppressor genes. Moreover, we now know that DNA methylation occurs in a complex chromatin network and is influenced by the modifications in histone structure that are commonly disrupted in cancer cells. Early detection and risk assessment remain high priorities in oncology. Detection of hypermethylated DNA is considered a promising diagnostic tool in cancer because aberrant methylation events are abundant in tumors, occur early in the tumorigenic process, and different cancers exhibit specific hypermethylation patterns DNA methylation markers can also be used for disease classification, and to predict prognosis and response to therapy. Because of their dynamic nature and potential reversibility, epigenetic modifications are appealing therapeutic targets in cancer. We investigated global methylation and histone acetylation in 50 conventional clear cell renal carcinomas, treated with radical nephrectomy, to assess their possible role as diagnostic biomarkers. The features considered in this study were patient age, tumor size and grade, percentage of 5-methylcytosine and Acetyl-Histone (Lys 9) expression in tumor tissue. All considered parameters were correlated with patient specific survival. The mean percentage of global cellular methylation in tumoral tissue was significantly higher compared to normal peritumoral tissue, while the intensity of cellular methylation was significantly higher in normal tissues than in tumoral tissue. The mean percentage of histone cellular acetylation in tumoral tissue was significantly lower compared to normal peritumoral tissue, while the intensity of mean acetylation in neoplastic tissue was similar to the normal tissue. Fuhrman grade resulted to be statistically significant for prognosis. Global DNA methylation and histone acetylation in tumoral tissue did not correlate with survival. The percentage of global DNA methylation was significantly higher in grades 3 and 4 tumors. Fuhrman grade is still considered the most important factor for patient survival; the percentage of global methylation increases with increasing Fuhrman grade; global hypermethylation and histone hypoacetylation can have a role as markers of aggressiveness.
Zizzi, Antonio. "Ruolo prognostico di grado di Fuhrman, angiogenesi, metilazione globale del DNA e acetilazione istonica in pazienti affetti da carcinoma renale a cellule chiare (stadio pT1a) sottoposti a nefrectomia parziale. Studio immunoistochimico." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/242354.
Full textDOLCINI, JACOPO. "Cyclical, dynamic chromatin and redox changes trigger and sustain Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition induced by TGF-β1." Doctoral thesis, Università Politecnica delle Marche, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11566/245255.
Full textABSTRACT TGF-β1-induced Epithelial Mesenchymal Transition (EMT) is dependent on nuclear ROS and the coordinate action of two histone lysine demethylases, LSD1 and JMJD2A. TGF-β1 induces phosphorylation and nuclear mobilization of the transcription factor(s), SMAD2-3, which binds JMJD2A and removes a repressor complex enucleated by LSD1 at the TGF-β1-activated promoter (Snail zinc finger protein 1 gene, SNAIL1). Conversely, LSD1 released from activated promoter(s) upon TGF-β1 challenge, associates with non-phosphorylated SMAD2-3 and stably represses transcription of TGF-β1-silenced genes (WNT Inhibitory Factor 1, WIF1). LSD1 redistribution is marked by cycles of nuclear ROS and DNA oxidation is essential for the establishment of EMT.
PIACERI, IRENE, and SANDRO SORBI. "Profilo Genetico ed Epigenetico in pazienti con Demenza Frontotemporale." Doctoral thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1039135.
Full textCasamonti, Elena. "Tumore testicolare: dai fattori di rischio agli effetti della terapia sull'integrità genomica spermatica." Doctoral thesis, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/2158/1126106.
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