Academic literature on the topic 'Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)'
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Journal articles on the topic "Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)"
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Maksum, Ali, Ike Sitoresmi Mulyo Purbowati, Renata Kansa Madyasari, Afizza Audia Febriani, Oxa Uniafaf Khayatur Rochmah, and Fhika Dyan Kartika. "Studi Kasus Analisis Kelayakan Usaha Roti Skala Usaha Kecil dan Menengah Toko XYZ di Kabupaten Banyumas." Jurnal Agroindustri Terapan Indonesia 1, no. 2 (2024): 11–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.31962/jati.v1i2.164.
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Tujuan dilakukannya penelitian ini untuk mengetahui kelayakan usaha pada rencana pengembangan bisnis makanan. Obyek dalam wawancara adalah langsung kepada pemilik usaha bisnis makanannya. Aspek keuangan dianalisis menggunakan metode Net Present Value (NPV), Internal rate of return (IRR), Payback period (PP), dan metode Profitability index (PI). Hasil analisis keuangan dari metode Net Present Value (NPV) menunjukkan dana tunai yang berhasil didapatkan selama 5 tahun berjalannya usaha dinilai pada keadaan sekarang dengan nilai positif pada akhir tahun ke 5 sebesar Rp 38.673.239,36, metode Internal Rate of return (IRR) menunjukkan kemampuan dari usaha perusahaan untuk memberikan nilai return/deviden rata-rata tahunan sebesar 60%, metode Payback Periode (PP) menunjukkan kemampuan perusahaan untuk mengembalikan seluruh biaya investasi adalah 1,45 bulan, dan metode Profitability Index 1,27. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dari aspek keuangan menunjukkan semua kriteria kelayakan UKM Toko roti XYZ yang berada di Jalan Raya Karanggintung, Kecamatan Sumbang, Kabupaten Banyumas, Jawa Tengah secara finansial sudah terpenuhi, sehingga pengembangan usaha layak dilaksanakan dengan kondisi yang masih normal. Kata kunci: IRR, Kelayakan usaha, NPV, PI, PP
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Faridhiya, Naufal Reza, Audry Yunus Arif, Muhammad Rayhan Alwafi, et al. "MEMAHAMI INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN (IRR): PENERAPAN PADA PEMBELAJARAN EKONOMI UNTUK MURID SMK." Jurnal Abdi Insani 11, no. 3 (2024): 517–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i3.1684.
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Internal Rate of Return (IRR) merupakan salah satu metode yang digunakan secara luas dalam analisis investasi untuk menilai kelayakan dan potensi pengembalian pada suatu proyek. IRR didefinisikan sebagai tingkat diskonto yang membuat nilai sekarang bersih (Net Present Value, NPV) dari semua arus kas yang dihasilkan oleh proyek menjadi nol. Siswa Sekolah Menengah Kejuruan (SMK) Negeri 1 Jember memiliki kemampuan untuk menganalisis apakah sebuah proyek menguntungkan atau tidak dengan analisis Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Kegiatan pengabdian masyarakat ini dimulai dengan melakukan observasi dan koordinasi, Langkah berikutnya secara berurutan adalah penyiapan bahan dan alat, bimbingan dan penyuluhan mengenai IRR, Simulasi Penerapan IRR, Evaluasi keberhasilan program dilakukan dengan cara memberikan pretest-posttest. Setelah semua kegiatan berjalan, maka dilakukan penilaian Kembali. Rata-rata nilai yang didapat adalah sebesar 83,75. Nilai ini meningkat sangat signifikan bila dibandingkan dengan sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan rata-rata sebesar 13,75. Pelaksanaan kegiatan pengabdian kepada Masyarakat ini telah berhasil menyelesaikan semua Langkah-langkah pengabdian. Hasil evaluasi menunjukkan bahwa semua peserta yang mengikuti pelatihan telah meningkat kemampuannya dengan nilai rata-rata sebesar 70.
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Widodo, Jojok. "Analisis Investasi dan Penetapan Harga Jual Rumah Berbasis Hibrid Markup - Internal Rate of Return." Jurnal Poli-Teknologi 21, no. 2 (2022): 61–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.32722/pt.v21i2.4552.
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Peningkatan jumlah penduduk dari tahun ke tahun dapat mempengaruhi permintaan rumah tinggal oleh konsumen. Hal ini menjadi kesempatan bagi investor untuk melakukan bisnis investasi pada proyek konstruksi pembangunan perumahan. Namun di sisi lain banyak investor yang mengalami kerugian dari bisnis ini akibat kesalahan dalam menentukan nilai jual produk. Oleh karena itu, perlu dilakukan penelitian tentang penetapan harga jual produk dan analisa kelayakan investasinya. Metode yang digunakan pada penelitian ini adalah metode hybrid mark-up dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Mark-up digunakan untuk menentukan nilai jual produk rumah melalui analisa Cost Plus Pricing, sedangkan analisa investasi atas penetapan harga tersebut menggunakan IRR. Analisa ini diimplementasikan pada kasus penelitian yaitu Perumahan Cempaka Village agar menghasilkan analisa yang riil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa metode mark-up menggunakan cost plus pricing dapat diterapkan untuk menentukan harga jual produk pada perumahan tersebut agar mendapatkan keuntungan yang layak. Nilai mark-up yang menghasilkan keuntungan yang layak adalah 40% dan menghasilkan harga jual per tipe 24/60, 47/72 dan 50/72 adalah Rp 143.550.159, Rp 234.406.509 dan Rp 277.720.507. Dampak dari penetapan harga tersebut menghasilkan sejumlah arus kas yang dapat dianalisa menggunakan IRR untuk menentukan kelayakan atas investasi tersebut. Hasil analisa investasi tersebut adalah nilai NPV Rp 1.688.203.568, IRR 13,82% dan PP hampir 12 bulan. Penelitian ini juga menghasilkan persamaan regresi linier yang dapat digunakan untuk memprediksi nilai IRR berdasarkan nilai mark-up yang ditetapkan. Persamaan regresi linier yang dihasilkan adalah dengan nilai pengaruh mark-up terhadap IRR sebesar 92%.
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Meutia, Sri, and Suci Ramadhani. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PROYEK REHABILITASI PEMIPAAN INLET OUTLET KONDENSOR DI PT. INDONESIA POWER UJP PLTU PANGKALAN SUSU." Industrial Engineering Journal 9, no. 1 (2020): 13. http://dx.doi.org/10.53912/iejm.v9i1.492.
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PT. Indonesia Power UJP PLTU Pangkalan Susu merupakan perusahaan yang bergerak dalam bidang pembangkitan tenaga listrik serta jasa operasi dan pemeliharaan dengan daya terpasang 2 x 200 MW. Pada umumnya perusahaan telah menerapkan metode study kelayakan investasi proyek yang ditinjau dari aspek finansial yaitu dengan cara menghitung nilai investasi dengan menggunakan perhitungan Internal Rate Of Return(IRR), Payback Period(PP), dan Cost Benefit Analysis(CBA). Selain menganalisis kelayakan investasi proyek pemipaan inlet outlet kondensor PT. Indonesia Power UJP PLTU ini juga selalu menganalisa kelayakan investasi proyek yang lainnya dengan menggunakan metode yang sama. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menghitung nilai investasi dari proyek pemipaan inlet outlet kondensor retur(IRR), ngan cara menghitung nilai Present Value Kas Bersih, Average rate Of Return(ARR), Net Present Value(NPV), Internal Rate Of Return(IRR), dan Profitability Index(PI). Dari hasil perhitungan yang telah dihitung didapatkan nilai kelayakan investasi yang ditinjau dari aspek finansial secara berturut turut adalah Rp. 1.727.845.392.701, Rp 103.452.495.100, Rp 1.713.300.392.701, dan 118,79 Kali. Sehingga dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa investasi kelayakan proyek pemipaan inlet outlet kondensor di PT. Indonesia Power UJP PLTU Pangkalan Susu yang ditinjau dari aspek finansial dapat dinyatakan bahwa proyek tersebut layak untuk dijalankan
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Wulandari, Sari Dewi Oktavianti, Manna Rosana, Yulia Andariana, et al. "PENGENALAN INTERNAL RATE OF RETURN DALAM INVESTASI PADA SISWA SMA NEGERI BALUNG." Jurnal Abdi Insani 11, no. 3 (2024): 548–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.29303/abdiinsani.v11i3.1698.
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Pendidikan merupakan aspek krusial dalam proses pembangunan yang bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kualitas sumber daya manusia dan ekonomi. SMA Negeri Balung, sebagai salah satu sekolah unggulan di Kecamatan Balung, menerapkan program Full Day School. Sayangnya selama ini tidak ada mata pelajaran khusus mengenai investasi. Dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini, siswa diperkenalkan dengan konsep Internal Rate of Return (IRR) dalam investasi. Tujuan dari kegiatan ini adalah untuk meningkatkan pemahaman siswa tentang investasi dan penerapannya dalam kehidupan sehari-hari. Siswa mampu menstimulasikan analisa investasi pada studi kasus proyek konstruksi. Metode kegiatan mencakup penyampaian rapat koordinasi, pembuatan materi, pembuatan surat tugas dan proposal, survey lokasi pengabdian, penyerahan surat tugas dan proposal, pelaksanaan pengabdian serta evaluasi keberhasilan pengabdian. Kegiatan ini dilaksanakan di Sekolah Menengah Atas (SMA) Negeri Balung Jember pada 24 April 2024. Sebelum pelaksanaan kegiatan, tingkat pemahaman siswa terhadap Internal Rate of Return (IRR) rata-rata sebesar 48. Hasil kegiatan menunjukkan peningkatan signifikan dalam pemahaman siswa, di mana skor rata-rata post-test 79. Kegiatan ini telah meningkatkan kemampuan siswa sebesar 31 poin. Kesimpulan dari kegiatan ini adalah bahwa pengenalan IRR berhasil meningkatkan pengetahuan siswa tentang investasi dan aplikasinya di masa depan. Siswa menunjukkan partisipasi aktif selama sesi penyampaian materi.
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Zakiyah, Tuti. "Metode Penilaian Investasi dengan Analisis Sensitivitas Pada Pendirian UMKM Premier Crepes." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 7, no. 2 (2018): 150–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v7i2.194.
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ABSTRACTThe main purpose of the investment is to earn a profit or a high rate of return. That is, no investor wants to lose even loss of funds or capital that has been invested in certain instruments. Well, to make no mistake in taking investment decisions, obligatory for investors to conduct investment feasibility analysis. Investment feasibility can not be judged solely on the basis of assumptions or beliefs, but must be analyzed in depth from various aspects. Without careful consideration, investing is like buying a cat in a sack. That is, investors do not know clearly whether the investment is profitable or not. Sensivitas analysis is an analysis conducted to determine the effect of changes in production parameters on changes in production system performance in generating profit. By conducting a sentiment analysis then the likely effect of these changes can be known and anticipated beforehand. An approach based on the Cash flow concept of Payback Period Method, Net Present Value (NPV) Method and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method. Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return or Minimum Atractive Rate of Return (MARR). MARR is the minimum rate of return on an investment that a brave investor would undertake.Keywords : NPV, IRR, MARR, sensitivity.
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Zakiyah, Tuti. "Metode Penilaian Investasi dengan Analisis Sensitivitas Pada Pendirian UMKM “Premier Crepes”." Jurnal Ilmiah Akuntansi dan Keuangan 7, no. 2 (2018): 43–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.32639/jiak.v7i2.273.
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The main purpose of the investment is to earn a profit or a high rate of return. That is, no investor wants to lose even loss of funds or capital that has been invested in certain instruments. Well, to make no mistake in taking investment decisions, obligatory for investors to conduct investment feasibility analysis. Investment feasibility can not be judged solely on the basis of assumptions or beliefs, but must be analyzed in depth from various aspects. Without careful consideration, investing is like buying a cat in a sack. That is, investors do not know clearly whether the investment is profitable or not. Sensivitas analysis is an analysis conducted to determine the effect of changes in production parameters on changes in production system performance in generating profit. By conducting a sentiment analysis then the likely effect of these changes can be known and anticipated beforehand. An approach based on the Cash flow concept of Payback Period Method, Net Present Value (NPV) Method and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) Method. Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return or Minimum Atractive Rate of Return (MARR). MARR is the minimum rate of return on an investment that a brave investor would undertake.Keywords : NPV, IRR, MARR, sensitivity.
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Sudarso, Kustamar, and Lies Kurniawati Wulandari. "OPTIMASI KOMPOSISI TIPE RUMAH DENGAN PROGRAM QM (Quantitative Analysis for Management) UNTUK MENENTUKAN STUDI KELAYAKAN PERUMAHAN KITANARA REGENCY JOMBANG." INFOMANPRO 9, no. 2 (2020): 40–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36040/infomanpro.v9i2.3179.
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Dengan pertumbuhan jumlah penduduk Jombang yang tinggi maka akan menyebabkan meningkatnya permintaan akan rumah tempat tinggal. Perumahan Kitanara regency yang terletak di jalan Raya Seruni Pulo Lor Desa pulo Jombang menawarkan hunian sebanyak 61 unit rumah yang mana rumahnya terdiri dari 19 buah rumah tipe A, 31 buah rumah tipe C dan 11 buah rumah tipe C. Kelayakan dari perumahan Kitanara Regency menyatakan NPV sebesar Rp 6.155.903.283, BCR sebesar 1,94. dan IRR sebesar 17%. Dengan adanya evaluasi akan dipergunakan untuk mengetahui komposisi bangunan rumah pada proyek pembangunan perumahan Kitanara regency apa sudah optimal seiring dengan permintaan pasar saat ini. Di evaluasi ini membahas beberapa aspek yaitu aspek optimasi dengan metode simpleks, aspek pasar dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif, aspek teknis dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif dan aspek finansial dengan metode estimasi. Di evaluasi ini dipergunakan parameter parameter kelayakan seperti Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) dan Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Penelitian ini menghasilkan jumlah komposisi optimal rumah untuk tipe A, tipe B dan tipe C masing masing berjumlah 16 ; 33 dan 12 buah. Dari analisis finansial berdasarkan komposisi rumah tersebut menghasilkan nilai Net Present Value (NPV) sebesar Rp 7.613.270.783 > NPV existing, Nilai Benefit Cost Ratio 1,94 (BCR) >1,65 BCR existing dan Nilai Internal Rate of Return (IRR) sebesar 17 = IRR existing.
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Utari, Rini Pebri, Sulianto, Abdul Samad, and Agung Tri Wahono. "Analisis Biaya Konstruksi Menggunakan Metode Life Cycle Cost pada Gedung Cordova Edupartment Semarang." Jurnal Media Teknik Sipil 21, no. 2 (2023): 77–83. https://doi.org/10.22219/jmts.v21i2.32602.
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The Life Cycle Cost (LCC) method is a technique used to estimate future costs over the planned lifespan of a building, including construction and planning costs, operational costs, maintenance costs, and repair costs. This study aims to calculate the Life Cycle Cost of Cordova Edupartment Semarang and evaluate the building's feasibility against rental prices. The analysis results show that the Life Cycle Cost of the Cordova Edupartment Building over 50 years is IDR 1,676,611,471,421, consisting of direct costs of IDR 222,881,901,903 (13%), operational costs of IDR 477,956,421,626 (29%), maintenance costs of IDR 608,093,359,498 (36%), replacement costs of IDR 278,527,072,632 (17%), and bank loan interest of IDR 89,152,760,761 (5%). With a rental price of IDR 130,000/m² and an initial occupancy rate of 70%, the Net Present Value (NPV) is greater than 0, amounting to IDR 220,819,600,100. Thus, the Break Even Point is at 25.64 years, and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) is a positive 9.35%, which is greater than the Minimum Acceptable Rate of Return (MARR) of 6.78%, indicating that the investment is feasible and profitable.
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Murnawati, Murnawati, Lili Erti, and Tasril Tasril. "ANALISIS KELAYAKAN INVESTASI PADA DEPOT AIR MINUM ISI ULANG DITINJAU DARI ASPEK FINANSIAL PADA VIO WATER DI KECAMATAN SUKAJADI PEKANBARU." Jurnal Daya Saing 8, no. 2 (2022): 199–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.35446/dayasaing.v8i2.880.
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Usaha depot air minum merupakan salah satu usaha yang banyak diminati saat ini salah satunya adalah usaha depot air minum Vio water yang ada dikecamatan sukajadi pekanbaru yang berdiri pada tahun 2014. Usaha ini cukup diminati oleh masyarakat karna harga yang relative murah dan juga mudah didapat. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode deskriptif dengan pendekatan survey menggunakan data sekunder, Populasi dan Sampel dalam penelitian ini adalah Laporan Keuangan dan informasi dari Pimpinan dan Karyawan di UMKM Depot Air Minum VIO Water di Kecamatan Sukajadi Pekanbaru berjumlah 3 Orang. Tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui kelayakan investasi dengan menggunakan dengan menggunakan beberapa metode , Metode PP (Payback Periode), Metode ARR(Average Rate Of Return)Metode NPV ( Net Present Value ), Metode IRR ( Internal Rate Of Return). Hasil penelitian dengan menggunakan Metode PP (Payback Periode),investasi telah kembali selama 1 Tahun, 1 Bulan, 24 hari dengan menggunakan metode ini UMKM Vio water layak dilaksanakan karna investasi telah kembali lebih cepat dari yang telah ditentukan selama 5 tahun dengan menggunakan metode Metode ARR(Average Rate Of Return) diperoleh selama 5 tahun sebesar sebesar 136,51 % hal ini memberikan dampak yang positif kepada investasi yang ditanam kan pada depot Air Minum Vio water sangat baik. Dengan metode Net Present Value (NPV) yang didapatkan senilai Rp 259.578.217,5 dengan tingkat discount faktor sebesar 15 % Investasi pada Depot Air vio water layak untuk dilaksanakan karna Npv yang didapatkan bernilai Positif yaitu NPV > 0 Internal Rate Of Return (IRR) sebesar 84,55 % hal ini tingkat Discount Rate yang dihasilkan lebih besar dari tingkat keuntungan yang telah di tentukan , maka investasi yang ditanamkan dapat diterima dengan kata lain 84,55 > 15 %
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)"
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Öksuz, Baris, John Elvung, and Sergon Tadaris. "Investeringskalkyl på självtvätthall för Vetlanda Vägkrog AB." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för ekonomistyrning och logistik (ELO), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-37565.
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Background and problem: Since the new law took place in 1999, it has been illegal towash a car with substances that can damage the environment on a paved street or on a driveway through a garage. This has conveyed to a new industry where more and more self-service car wash facility have opened around the country. Vetlanda Vägkrog AB has since 2012 been planning to install manual self-service car wash facility at the back of their restaurant business. The authors mission was to make an analysis in order to examine whether an investment of carwashes are lucrative enough for Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. Aim: The study's main objective was to analyze the profitability of an investment in a self-service car wash facility at Vetlanda Vägkrog AB, based on given data. The authors sub-aim was to clarify which factors in general that had played the greatest part in the establishment of a self-service car wash facility. Method: The authors have used an abductive approach in order to fulfill the aim of the study. Furthermore, have the authors used semi-structured interviews in order to gather all empirical data. The interviews were performed on the suppliers, municipal employees and the two owners of Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. The collected data is then explained using theory and henceforth meet the purpose. Conclusion: The results of this study shows that the investment of a self-service car wash facility based on Vetlanda Vägkrog AB conditions is economically efficient and profitable. Net present value method, Pay back and internal rate of return (IRR) is the following methods that the authors consistently have used in order to solve this task. An analysis of three different outcomes were made on the variables that might influence the results, for instance volume and periodic payments has been done in order to get an idea of how sensitive the estimate was.<br>Bakgrund och problem: Efter den nya lagen som trädde fram 1999 förbjuds tvätt avbilen med ämnen som skadar miljön på en asfalterad gata eller garageuppfart. Detta har medfört till en ny bransch då allt flera självtvätthallar har öppnats runt om i landet. Vetlanda Vägkrog AB har sedan 2012 haft planer på att installera manuella tvätthallar på baksidan av restaurangverksamheten. Vårt uppdrag var att göra en analys där vi granskade om en investering av biltvättar var lukrativt för Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. Syfte: Studiens huvudsyfte var att analysera lönsamheten för en investering i en biltvätthall åt Vetlanda Vägkrog AB, utifrån given data. Delsyftet blev att belysa vilka generella faktorer som hade spelat störst roll vid ett upprättande av en självtvätthall. Metod: För att uppfylla syftet med studien har vi utgått från en abduktiv metod. Vihar genom semistrukturerade intervjuer samlat empiri från leverantörer, kommunalanställda och två av delägarna för Vetlanda Vägkrog AB. Det materialet förklaras sedan med hjälp av teori för att slutligen uppfylla syftet. Slutsats: Resultatet av vår undersökning visar att investering av en självtvätthallutifrån Vetlanda Vägkrog AB förutsättningar är ekonomiskt effektiv och lönsamt. För att lösa uppgiften användes följande metoder payback-metoden, nuvärdemetoden och internräntemetoden.En analys med tre olika utfall gjordes på de variabler som kunde tänkas påverka resultatet, exempelvis volym och särutbetalningar har gjorts för att få en uppfattning påhur känslig kalkylen var. Samtliga utfall påvisade positivt resultat.
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Husák, Petr. "Nástroj pro výpočet vnitřního výnosového procenta (IRR - internal rate of return)." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta podnikatelská, 2015. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-225115.
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Diplomová práce se zabývá vytvořením softwarové aplikace IRR tool, pro společnost ABC s.r.o. IRR tool je nástroj sloužící k monitoringu vnitřního výnosového procenta investic, které jsou nabízeny v produktech společnosti. Cílem práce je s využitím Visual Studia rozšířit prostředí sloužící zaměstnancům společnosti o tento nástroj a nabídnout jim možnost nahlédnutí k výpočtu tohoto ukazatele. Nástroj poslouží k upřesnění informací pro zaměstnance, podpoří jejich analytické možnosti a povede k vyšší spokojenosti zákazníků.
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Hellowell, Mark Stephen. "Fair return for risk? : an examination of structure, competition and profitability in the market for private finance in the National Health Service." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/7895.
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Since 1993, the Private Finance Initiative (PFI) has been the dominant form of large-scale infrastructure procurement used by National Health Service (NHS) organisations in the United Kingdom. As of April 2011, 123 PFI projects for new hospital facilities had been agreed between NHS organisations and private sector consortia, representing privately financed investment of £15.9 billion (in 2010 prices), and a projected long-term cost to the NHS of £70.5 billion. Eight additional hospital PFI schemes were being procured or prepared for tender as of April 2011, with an estimated capital investment value of £2 billion. Despite the financial significance of PFI projects to the NHS, the literature has not assessed whether, or the extent to which, the returns expected by investors are excessive. This gap in the evidence base is highly problematic. The presence of excess returns to investors will have an impact on the cost efficiency and affordability of PFI projects, and consequently the financial sustainability of the NHS organisations that pay for them. This thesis evaluates the returns that investors in NHS-commissioned PFI projects expect to earn with reference to the scale of risk being borne by these investors, and explores the sources of the identified excess via an examination of the structure and competitiveness of the PFI financing markets. The study therefore comprises two substantial empirical components. The first draws on the financial models of 11 NHS PFI projects to describe and evaluate the return to investors. Cost of capital benchmarks, constructed on the basis of the Capital Asset Pricing Model, are used as comparators to assess the Internal Rate of Return (IRR) for the 11 projects, and as discount rates to calculate Benefit-Cost Ratios. Both measures agree on the presence of significant excess returns for investors on each project – with large “spreads” between the IRRs and the corresponding cost of capital benchmarks, and high Benefit-Cost Ratio scores. The second empirical component provides an analysis of the structure and competitiveness of the market for private finance. Two indicators of this market’s structure – concentration and entry/exit rates – in addition to the dynamics of the procurement process are the focus of measurement and evaluation. It is demonstrated that: (a) the market for private finance in this sector is an oligopoly, (b) market share is highly concentrated when assessed against UK regulatory standards, and (c) churn and market penetration rates are extremely low. Constraints on the competitiveness of the market are identified as: (i) the low number of bidders; and (ii) the extensive period of non-competitive bidding in the final phase of the procurement process, in which the output specifications of projects are materially altered. The thesis concludes that recent reforms to the procurement process have been ineffective, and the problems underpinning a lack of competitive pressure in procurement may be insuperable, given the inherent complexity of this form of investment and the need to secure external financing. For the NHS, this source of cost inefficiency implies substantial opportunity costs (i.e. foregone opportunities for additional capital investment) and excess costs (i.e. a higher than necessary burden on the revenue budget). A stronger regulatory regime, incorporating regulation of the profitability of PFI projects for investors, is required to minimise the threat posed by this policy to the financial sustainability of the NHS.
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Ercan, Noyan. "A Decision Support Tool For Feasibility Assessment Of Hydro Electrical Power Plant Projects." Master's thesis, METU, 2011. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12613982/index.pdf.
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The objective of this thesis is to develop a decision support tool to assess the feasibility of a hydro electrical power plant (HEPP) investment option by estimating its profitability under various scenarios. The decision support tool may help the decision makers to understand critical parameters that affect the internal rate of return (IRR) of a HEPP investment, create realistic scenarios by assigning different values to these parameters and monitor profitability under various scenarios. The information and the assumptions to construct the proposed decision support tool have been collected by conducting interviews with experts and its reliability has been tested by a real case study.
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Gupta, Mayank. "“What are the different obstacles involved with the implementation of Real Options Valuation technique?” : A case study conducted in company X in Sweden." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Handelshögskolan vid Umeå universitet, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-23095.
Full textAbstract:
In much of the recent times the practitioner’s fraternity has been focused towards making investment decisions, based on traditional financial evaluation techniques ranging from Net present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Pay Back Period, Profitability Index. Although these techniques have performed satisfactorily and have provided practitioners’ insights about how to value investments and thereby providing them a holistic view of the project and making informed decisions. However, these traditional techniques have focused more on quantifying the risk assessment done at the beginning of the project, by taking into consideration an optimal discount rate based on the firm’s overall cost of capital, and the additional risk associated with the given project. Nevertheless, these traditional Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) techniques, fails to take into account the value of managerial flexibility in business environments associated with a high degree of uncertainty, thereby not encapsulating the value of different options which are embedded within the project, that managers possess and the value of new information during the project lifecycle. In order to value these options, Real Options Valuation technique has been proposed, which predominantly traces its origin from valuing financial options. Though various academicians have supported this technique and the potential benefits it offers to organizations while making investment decisions, it still rests on a number of assumptions, which needs to be validated across different businesses. Therefore, this study focuses on understanding the obstacles involved with the implementation of Real Options Valuation technique, based on the three roadblocks identified by Lander and Pinches (1998). A qualitative study using semi-structured interviews was conducted within a given case company X in Sweden. Wherein based on the existing financial evaluation technique that company X uses while making investment decisions are analyzed. Based on the responses provided by the company X officials, the study revealed that company X employs traditional financial evaluation techniques, since they are been widely accepted across a wide range of industries, and also decision makers, and shareholders tend to prefer a probabilistic risk assessment at the beginning of the project, however company X do acknowledge the potential benefits offered by Real Options Valuation technique, but they are not been implemented, because of its ignorance among the key decision makers, coupled with complex mathematical calculations and various assumptions that needs to be incorporated while using Real Options approach for valuing investments, which makes it difficult in the context of given company X for using Real Options approach for valuing investments.
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Beisler, Matthias Werner. "Modelling of input data uncertainty based on random set theory for evaluation of the financial feasibility for hydropower projects." Doctoral thesis, Technische Universitaet Bergakademie Freiberg Universitaetsbibliothek "Georgius Agricola", 2011. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:105-qucosa-71564.
Full textAbstract:
The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects. Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process. One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered. Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method. The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results<br>Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen. In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen. Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann. Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen. Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben
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Martens, Cédric. "Procurement Intern, Finance department." Master's thesis, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/94517.
Full textAbstract:
Dissertação de Mestrado em Economia apresentada à Faculdade de Economia<br>Minha tese de mestrado fala sobre a mudança do pagamento anual para um possível Pagamento mensal da SaaS(Software as a Service). A empresa onde eu estagiei nos passados 4 meses vende serviços para companhias de transporte. Os serviços consistem um sistema que visa prevenir e alertar quaisquer problemas técnicos relacionados ao transporte na estrada. neste momento, a empresa utiliza um modelo de negócio que lhes permite apenas vender serviços com assinaturas de base anual. O meu objectivo é comparar e mostrar os benefícios financeiros atribuídos a uma possível mudança e abertura para contratos mensais. Os dados utilizados são principalmente da própria empresa e usando os mesmos como fundamentos, tentei fazer uma previsão, o mais realista possível, para os próximos 5 anos. Este projecto foi desenvolvido com iniciativas do Senhor Paulo Bajouco, CFO na empresa Stratio Automotive, e será avaliada e analisada por mim nesta tese de mestrado.Eu vou usar as próximas calculasNPV or VAL(Valor liquido actual)Este função calcula o valor liquido actual de um investimento que utiliza uma taxa de desconto e uma série de futuros pagamentos e rendimentos.IRR or TIR(taxa interna de retorno)Este função é a taxa percentual obtida em cada dólar investido para cada período em que é investidoDiscounted cashflows o fluxo financeiro actualizadaSao os movimentos financeiros convertido para o presente.Entradas e saídas da empresa.as entradas são o contrato obtido a partir de subscrições com um cálculo cumulativo, enquanto as saídas são o custo dos bens vendidos, salário, outros custos e custos externos.<br>My master's thesis talks about switching from annual payment to a possible monthly SaaS(Software as a Service) payment. The company where I interned in the past 4 months sells services to transport companies. The services consist of a system aimed at preventing and alerting any technical problems related to transport on the road. at this time, the company uses a business model that allows them to only sell services with annual base subscriptions. My aim is to compare and show the financial benefits attributed to a possible change and opening up to monthly contracts. The data used are mainly from the company itself and using the same as fundamentals, I tried to make a forecast, as realistic as possible, for the next 5 years. This project was developed with initiatives of Mr. Paulo Bajouco, CFO at Stratio Automotive, and will be evaluated and analyzed by me in this master's thesis.I will use the following calculationsNPV (Net Present Value)This function calculates the current liquid value of an investment that uses a discount rate and a series of future payments and income.IRR (Internal rate of return)This function is the percentage rate obtained on each dollar invested for each period in which it is investedDiscounted cashflows the updated cash flowAre the financial movements converted to the present.Company entrances and exits.inputs are the contract obtained from subscriptions with a cumulative calculation, while outputs are the cost of goods sold, salary, other costs and external costs.
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Gomes, Vanessa. "Modernização de infra-estruturas de uma rede de comunicações móvel: avaliação do investimento." Master's thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/6165.
Full textAbstract:
Projecto<br>Desde o seu aparecimento em Portugal, em 1989, as telecomunicações móveis têm
tido, não só, um aumento do número de assinantes mas também um aumento na
importância do papel que desempenham no dia-a-dia dos portugueses.
A demanda por equipamentos cada vez mais sofisticados, assim como por novos
serviços obrigam os diversos operadores a apostar cada vez mais na qualidade de
serviço e na competitividade dos preços praticados.
Num mercado cada vez mais competitivo, com estratégias de marketing cada vez mais
agressivas, torna-se ainda mais importante encontrar novas formas de reduzir custos.
Esta redução torna-se ainda mais premente face ao actual cenário de crise financeira
mundial com que nos deparamos, especialmente no mercado português.
Neste relatório pretende-se analisar a viabilidade de um projecto de modernização de
infra-estruturas de um operador de redes móveis no mercado português. Uma vez que
esta alteração não gera mais receitas, este estudo aborda o tema na óptica de redução
de custos de operação, analisando os cash flows incrementais, decorrentes da
implementação do projecto em estudo.<br>Since their start in Portugal, in 1989, mobile telecommunications have had not only a
rise in the number of subscribers, but also a rising role in the day-to-day life of the
Portuguese.
The demand for increasingly sophisticated equipment, as well as for novel services,
has led the various operators to pursue higher quality in their services and
competitiveness in their prices.
In a market that is increasingly competitive, with marketing strategies of increasing
agressiveness, it becomes more important to find ways of cutting back costs. Such cut
backs become more urgent in view of the ongoing global financial crisis, which
particularly affects the Portuguese market.
In this report, an analysis of the viability was made for a project of modernization of
the infra-structure of a mobile network operator in the Portuguese market. As the
proposed changes don’t generate more revenue, the approach is to reduce operation
costs, by analysing the incremental cash flows, resultant from the implementation of
the case study.
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Beisler, Matthias Werner. "Modelling of input data uncertainty based on random set theory for evaluation of the financial feasibility for hydropower projects." Doctoral thesis, 2010. https://tubaf.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A22775.
Full textAbstract:
The design of hydropower projects requires a comprehensive planning process in order to achieve the objective to maximise exploitation of the existing hydropower potential as well as future revenues of the plant. For this purpose and to satisfy approval requirements for a complex hydropower development, it is imperative at planning stage, that the conceptual development contemplates a wide range of influencing design factors and ensures appropriate consideration of all related aspects.
Since the majority of technical and economical parameters that are required for detailed and final design cannot be precisely determined at early planning stages, crucial design parameters such as design discharge and hydraulic head have to be examined through an extensive optimisation process.
One disadvantage inherent to commonly used deterministic analysis is the lack of objectivity for the selection of input parameters. Moreover, it cannot be ensured that the entire existing parameter ranges and all possible parameter combinations are covered.
Probabilistic methods utilise discrete probability distributions or parameter input ranges to cover the entire range of uncertainties resulting from an information deficit during the planning phase and integrate them into the optimisation by means of an alternative calculation method.
The investigated method assists with the mathematical assessment and integration of uncertainties into the rational economic appraisal of complex infrastructure projects. The assessment includes an exemplary verification to what extent the Random Set Theory can be utilised for the determination of input parameters that are relevant for the optimisation of hydropower projects and evaluates possible improvements with respect to accuracy and suitability of the calculated results.<br>Die Auslegung von Wasserkraftanlagen stellt einen komplexen Planungsablauf dar, mit dem Ziel das vorhandene Wasserkraftpotential möglichst vollständig zu nutzen und künftige, wirtschaftliche Erträge der Kraftanlage zu maximieren. Um dies zu erreichen und gleichzeitig die Genehmigungsfähigkeit eines komplexen Wasserkraftprojektes zu gewährleisten, besteht hierbei die zwingende Notwendigkeit eine Vielzahl für die Konzepterstellung relevanter Einflussfaktoren zu erfassen und in der Projektplanungsphase hinreichend zu berücksichtigen.
In frühen Planungsstadien kann ein Großteil der für die Detailplanung entscheidenden, technischen und wirtschaftlichen Parameter meist nicht exakt bestimmt werden, wodurch maßgebende Designparameter der Wasserkraftanlage, wie Durchfluss und Fallhöhe, einen umfangreichen Optimierungsprozess durchlaufen müssen.
Ein Nachteil gebräuchlicher, deterministischer Berechnungsansätze besteht in der zumeist unzureichenden Objektivität bei der Bestimmung der Eingangsparameter, sowie der Tatsache, dass die Erfassung der Parameter in ihrer gesamten Streubreite und sämtlichen, maßgeblichen Parameterkombinationen nicht sichergestellt werden kann.
Probabilistische Verfahren verwenden Eingangsparameter in ihrer statistischen Verteilung bzw. in Form von Bandbreiten, mit dem Ziel, Unsicherheiten, die sich aus dem in der Planungsphase unausweichlichen Informationsdefizit ergeben, durch Anwendung einer alternativen Berechnungsmethode mathematisch zu erfassen und in die Berechnung einzubeziehen.
Die untersuchte Vorgehensweise trägt dazu bei, aus einem Informationsdefizit resultierende Unschärfen bei der wirtschaftlichen Beurteilung komplexer Infrastrukturprojekte objektiv bzw. mathematisch zu erfassen und in den Planungsprozess einzubeziehen. Es erfolgt eine Beurteilung und beispielhafte Überprüfung, inwiefern die Random Set Methode bei Bestimmung der für den Optimierungsprozess von Wasserkraftanlagen relevanten Eingangsgrößen Anwendung finden kann und in wieweit sich hieraus Verbesserungen hinsichtlich Genauigkeit und Aussagekraft der Berechnungsergebnisse ergeben.
Books on the topic "Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)"
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Tse, Jacqueline. Ready to Use: Internal Rate of Return (Irr) Spreadsheet: Interactive Financial Model in Excel -on Cd-rom- Used by Top Executives (Ready to Use). Aspatore Books, 2005.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)"
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Ruegg, Rosalie T., and Harold E. Marshall. "Internal Rate-of-Return (IRR)." In Building Economics: Theory and Practice. Springer US, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-4688-4_5.
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Mujahed, Murad Mohammed, and Elgilani Eltahir Elshareif. "Internal Rate of Return (IRR): A New Proposed Approach." In Leadership, Innovation and Entrepreneurship as Driving Forces of the Global Economy. Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43434-6_68.
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Schoenmaker, Dirk, and Willem Schramade. "Investment Decision Rules." In Springer Texts in Business and Economics. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-35009-2_6.
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AbstractWhen making investment decisions, companies need to be able to compare various investment opportunities. Which ones offer the best value? The first sections of this chapter describe how companies can make such comparisons on a purely financial basis, using the basic investment decision rules of payback period; internal rate of return (IRR); discounted cash flow (DCF); or net present value (NPV) to calculate financial value (FV). We then dive deeper in the calculation of social value (SV) and environmental value (EV). Even with these values known, the big question remains: how to balance them? What decision rules should be followed? We present three approaches to combining NPV with social (S) and environmental (E) factors: (1) the constrained PV (with S & E as a budget); (2) the expanded PV (with SV & EV in monetary values); and (3) the integrated PV (with SV & EV explicitly balanced). In all three approaches F, S, and E all weigh in and can be prioritised—ideally informed by the company’s purpose and value creation profile.
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Qian, Zhang, and Pan Yuwei. "Economic Analysis of Distributed Photovoltaic Power Generation Projects." In Lecture Notes in Civil Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-9184-2_5.
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AbstractWith the opportunities brought by China’s promotion of achieving the “dual carbon” targets, the technology of China’s photovoltaic industry is accelerating improvement, and the scale is steadily expanding. Distributed photovoltaic projects have the advantages of flexible configuration, nearby utilization, low investment, and saving land resources, with huge market space and development potential. Although the photovoltaic industry has enormous growth potential and good market prospects, it also faces many risks and challenges such as consumption problems and unstable income. Therefore, studying the economic viability of distributed photovoltaic projects is of great significance for making project investment decisions and promoting the sustainable development of the industry. This paper conducts the economic analysis of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects, calculates profitability analysis indicators such as financial internal rate of return (IRR) of project investment, financial net present value of project investment, and payback period of project investment. It also conducts preliminary sensitivity analysis on uncertain factors such as construction investment, operating revenue, and operating cost. It conducts in-depth sensitivity analysis on consumption, grid electricity price, and self-use electricity price, and proposes countermeasures to improve the economic efficiency of distributed photovoltaic power generation projects. The research results may provide reference and guidance for similar project investment decisions in more challenging investment environments in the future.
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Harvey, Adam. "19. Introduction; The Time Value of Money; The Annuity Equation; Unit Energy Cost and Net Income; Net Present Value: NPV (r%); Internal Rate of Return (IRR); Simple and Discounted Payback Periods; Bank Loans and Interest; Cash Flow Analysis." In Micro-Hydro Design Manual. Practical Action Publishing, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.3362/9781780445472.019.
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"Internal Rate of Return (IRR)." In Encyclopedia of Ocean Engineering. Springer Nature Singapore, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-10-6946-8_300390.
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Harding, Sue, and Trevor Long. "Internal rate of return (IRR)." In MBA Management Models. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781351218948-6.
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"Internal Rate of Return (IRR)." In The Palgrave Encyclopedia of Private Equity. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-81653-6_300555.
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"1.5 Internal Rate of Return (IRR)." In Finanzmanagement mit Excel. Vahlen, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.15358/9783800648726_61.
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Witanowski, Łukasz. "COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF ORC-VCC SYSTEM FOR AIR CONDITIONING FROM LOW-TEMPERATURE WASTE HEAT." In Proceedings of the 7th International Seminar on ORC Power System (ORC 2023), 2024th ed. Editorial Universidad de Sevilla, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.12795/9788447227457_31.
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Due to the need to reduce electricity consumption, methods of increasing the efficiency of energy use are being sought. One of the possibilities is the use of low-temperature waste heat for the production of electricity or cooling. Systems that convert heat into cold seem particularly attractive. This approach allows, above all, the removal of the generator. It eliminates the electrical part of the expander and, as a consequence, increases the efficiency of waste heat utilization, simplifies the construction of the ORC turbogenerator, and removes certain restrictions. The paper presents an analysis of the ORC-VCC cycle using waste heat at a temperature of 95℃ and heat up to 130kW. Various novel working fluids (e.g. R1224yd(Z), R1233zd(E), R1336mzz(Z)) are considered. Selected fluids are characterized by low global warming potentials. An in-house code was developed and used to calculate cycle parameters. Single and multi-objective optimization was performed, aiming at the maximization of the ORC efficiency, Net Present Value (NPV) and the Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Pareto frontiers were obtained, and a decision-making method was used to select an optimum solution. The obtained ORC efficiency was 5.25%, COPVCC 0.47 and the cycle efficiency was above 27.1%.
Conference papers on the topic "Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)"
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Shafira, Tasya, Aryanti Virtanti Anas, and Rini Novrianti Sutardjo Tui. "Cash Flow Analysis of Nickel Mining Activities." In International Conference on Research in Engineering and Science Technology (IC-REST) 2023. Trans Tech Publications Ltd, 2025. https://doi.org/10.4028/p-d5iaqv.
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Indonesia ranks second in the world for nickel resources. The location of laterite resources in Indonesia is in the Eastern Region of Indonesia (KTI), especially in Sulawesi and small islands in the North Maluku and Southeast Sulawesi islands so that many mining companies are engaged in the nickel mining industry. Nickel mining activities require large capital and investment and have high risks. This study aims to analyze the economics of one pit in a nickel mining company in Sulawesi in terms of investment feasibility plan using the discounted cash flow method. The resulting investment criteria are net present value (NPV) of $114,448,962.84, internal rate of return (IRR) of 153%, and payback period (PBP) of 1 year and 3 months which indicates that mining activities are feasible.
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Adriansyah, Y. F. "Optimizing PSC With New Approach of Dynamic Split Determination to Mitigate Uncertainty in The Development Phase." In Indonesian Petroleum Association - 46th Annual Convention & Exhibition 2022. Indonesian Petroleum Association, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.29118/ipa22-bc-206.
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It is commonly realized that in the development phase of oil fields the project still holds numerous uncertainty factors that will affect its economic value in the future. The main uncertainties associated in the development phase are production forecast, capital and operating cost and oil price. Deviation of these parameters to the actual conditions could deteriorate the project cash flow and possibly cause the company to decide to terminate their exploitation project. This paper proposes an alternative methodology of fiscal adjustment of Production Sharing Contract (PSC) to overcome uncertainties in the development phase. The concept is to apply the dynamic split to the existing fiscal term, which is determined by simple linear regression of Internal Rate of Return (IRR) and gradient of cumulative Profit/Cost (P/C) which represent probable range of uncertainties related to the project. From the regression, an equation is developed to calculate the additional (or deduction) of contractor split in each year to normalize the IRR to the ‘mean’ value or other agreed value when the deviation occurs. Contractor will get additional split if the actual contractor profitability tends to bring low IRR, otherwise host government will get additional benefit if the actual profitability tends to bring higher IRR. The application of this fiscal optimization method could minimize the standard deviation of contractor IRR. It will solidify the confidence of contractor to continue to run the business. From the case studied here, the standard deviation of contractor IRR histogram is compressed by 38.9% compared to the current PSC fiscal terms. As it could balance the tradeoff between contractor and government in terms of uncertainties, it is expected to be the alternative solution to stimulate upstream industry investment.
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Shah, Sunny, Hannah Buckland, Philipp R. Thies, Claire Cohen, and Tom Bruce. "De-Risking Marine Energy Project Development Through Improved Financial Uncertainty Analysis." In ASME 2017 36th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2017-61667.
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The financial performance of a marine energy project is based on assumptions with significant uncertainty. To fully appraise the risk, potential investors require an understanding of the likelihood of deviations from the assumed most likely case for a project’s financial performance. A Monte Carlo Analysis (MCA) model with flexible user defined uncertainty definitions for all inputs is developed for this study. A realistic tidal energy project is used as a case study to compare the central, optimistic and pessimistic Levelised Cost of Energy (LCOE) and Internal Rate of Return (IRR) values derived using commonly used deterministic methods and the probabilistic MCA model. The improvement in decision support due to the probabilistic analysis is shown and the possibility for misinterpreting the deterministic results in highlighted. Two sensitivity analysis methods are employed to identify key risks and emphasise the need to use the most appropriate method for the type of analysis being conducted. Finally, the significance of some commonly ignored parameters is tested and shown to be important for accurately appraising the investment risk in a real project. Thus this paper provides guidance and tools to help investors make informed decisions with confidence.
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Nanadagopal, Pugalenthi, Matthias Duerr, Ole Fahrendorf, Dan Haid, and Hubert Paprotna. "Influence of Degradation, Fuel Cost and Electricity Price Factors on Combine Cycle Power Plant Cost Analysis." In ASME 2021 Gas Turbine India Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gtindia2021-75952.
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Abstract Gas turbine-based combine cycle (GT-CC) economic evaluation is very important to bring together own equipment manufacturing companies (OEM’s) and power plant owners. The fuel cost & cost of electricity play the major role in economic evaluation which drives the decision during the bidding. The first portion of this paper encompasses the different cost analysis methods like Net Present Value (NPV), Internal Rate of Return (IRR), Levelized Cost of Electricity (LCOE) and Pay Back Period (PBP) for different fuel costs and electricity prices. The second portion of the paper covers the delta cost benefits due to improvement in the combined cycle degradation GT-CC operators or customers are looking for the opportunities to control and minimize the degradation of the gas turbine power plant which directly impact the profitability. The customer or operator always monitor the plant performance to understand the life cost impact on performance degradation. This paper will help the customers & GT-CC OEM companies to focus on different area to reduce the unit cost of generating electricity, decide to move forward with the project during the proposal and improve the business at various regions based on fuel cost and global geographical political situations. Also, the reader can digest the benefits of improved degradation curve over the normal curve.
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Okologumw, W. C., and J. O. Onyeoru. "A Digitized Tool for Well Candidate Selection for Matrix Acidizing in Sandstone Reservoir." In SPE Nigeria Annual International Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/217117-ms.
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Abstract Matrix acidizing is a well-stimulation that has evolved and is still used to increase productivity when the productivity index drastically decreases and the production rate declines. A candidate well-stimulation selection method and software are suggested in this work. The process is based on technical, workover complexity, production decline curve analysis (for future forecasting), and economics since candidate selection must be rigorous. Production data from four onshore Niger Delta stimulation candidate wells were used to validate the software developed. R-factor, productivity index, and flow efficiency were the technical parameters used, and eleven (11) indicators were used for workover complexity evaluation. The future forecast was done using the production decline curve analysis and different economic indicators such as the Internal Rate of Return (IRR), the Net present value (NPV), and the Payback time. Profitability Index (PI) was used for analysis and make decisions. All wells analyzed in this study met the technical parameter criteria, making each well a potential candidate; hence, further studies can be conducted. From further reviews based on the author selection criteria carried out with regard to production trend (decline curve analysis) and economics, it was seen that WELL XX-01 was ranked first due to its shortest payback time of 2.0899 months and highest NPV of $23,636,983, WELL XX-03 was ranked next, having a payback of 2.2472 months and an NPV of $9,627,221, WELL XX-02 was ranked following having NPV of $7,260,917 and a payback of 2.2560 months and lastly, WELL XX-04 having a payback time of 2.3615 months and NPV of $6,777,548.
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Zeng, Bo, Haoyong Huang, Liqing Chen, et al. "AI-Integrated Geology-Engineering Workflow for Hydraulic Fracture Evaluation and Production Prediction." In International Geomechanics Conference. ARMA, 2024. https://doi.org/10.56952/igs-2024-0504.
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ABSTRACT: The increasing development of unconventional shale gas reservoirs necessitates more efficient and accurate methods for hydraulic fracture evaluation and reservoir production forecasting. This study introduces an AI-integrated geology-engineering workflow to optimize fracture geometry and production performance using GPU-based supercomputing. The workflow centers around the ZFRAC hydraulic fracture simulator, which employs the boundary element method (BEM) for fracture modeling and integrates XGBoost for calibration with pumping pressure data. A deep shale gas well in the Sichuan Basin, China, was modeled using detailed geomechanical parameters and 28 hydraulic fracturing stages. The fracture geometry was calibrated to reflect the actual reservoir conditions, achieving a 90% accuracy. The calibrated fractures were incorporated into the Embedded Discrete Fracture Model (EDFM) for production simulation and forecasting. The Estimated Ultimate Recovery (EUR) was predicted to be 0.163 billion cubic meters (bcm) over 20 years. The economic evaluation yielded a Net Present Value (NPV) of 27.4 million Chinese Yuan and an Internal Rate of Return (IRR) of +1.96% after 20 years. These results highlight the effectiveness of the workflow in optimizing fracture design and predicting long-term reservoir performance, offering valuable insights for future shale gas developments. 1. INTRODUCTION In recent years, the development of unconventional oil and gas reservoirs has accelerated, driven by growing energy demand and advancements in extraction technologies. Shale gas reservoirs, particularly in the Sichuan Basin of southwestern China, have become a focal point due to their vast resource potential. The Sichuan Basin is one of the world's most prolific shale gas regions, with significant reserves trapped in tight formations that require enhanced stimulation techniques for optimal extraction (Yong et al., 2019; Zeng et al., 2021; Wu et al., 2023, 2024). Hydraulic fracturing is the primary method used to unlock these resources, but with the increasing number of wells and multi-pad developments, comprehensive evaluation of the fracturing process is essential. These assessments are critical for ensuring optimal performance, maximizing resource recovery, and minimizing operational inefficiencies.
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Sneps-Sneppe, Manfred. "Use of criteria NPV and IRR for choosing among investment projects." In 22nd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2023.22.tf146.
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Two of the most important criteria are the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for choosing among investment projects. In many circumstances, investment projects are ranked in the same order by both criteria. In some situations, however, the two criteria provide different rankings. The debate is an old one (e.g. going back to Böhm-Bawerk, 1884). Let us explain the essence of the NPV and IRR indicators. The basis of economic calculations in the field of investment is the idea that a cash euro today is more valuable than a euro promised in a year. If a bank lends N euros to an entrepreneur today, then in a year the bank demands to return N(1 + E) euros, where E is the bank interest. Another type of calculation is carried out by the entrepreneur. If he invests N euros in some project today, then in a year he hopes to receive N(1 + IRR) euros, where IRR is the internal rate of return of the project implemented by the entrepreneur. Naturally, the value of IRR is only an assumed, indicative, and the entrepreneur is expecting IRR more than E. The present work arose from discussions of the results of the French economist Pierre Masse “Le Choix des investissements, critères et méthodes” published in 1959. The main goal of the paper is to give the proof of both IRR and NPV formulas (in a particular simplified case) and a geometric interpretation of these very complex equations (useful for the training purpose, at least). The analysis of IRR and NPV indicates an unequivocal choice among the criteria NPV and IRR. This confirms a simple numerical example on the fallacy of Masse’s IRR reasoning. No unambiguous solution has been found yet. It can be explained if we allow that the bank interest relates to Macroeconomics, largely concerned with nation scale projects but the entrepreneur interest relates to Microeconomics, to internal rate of return. The world continues to search for a single consistent criterion for evaluating investments.
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Xiong, Shaoyu, and Xiaodong Li. "Empirical Analysis: The Parameter and Internal Rate Return (IRR) of Wind Power Factory in China." In 2010 International Forum on Information Technology and Applications (IFITA). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ifita.2010.102.
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Sneps-Sneppe, Manfred, and Dmitry Smirnov. "About IRR and new investment priority index." In 23rd International Scientific Conference Engineering for Rural Development. Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.22616/erdev.2024.23.tf045.
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The two most important criteria are the net present value (NPV) and the internal rate of return (IRR) for choosing among investment projects. The analysis of IRR and NPV indicates an unequivocal choice among the criteria NPV and IRR. We prepare the IRR rule. The static investment optimization problem of IRR is solved as the optimal usefulness of the well-known mathematical result of the knapsack problem. The word “static” means that all projects under consideration have equal duration. The dynamic optimization problem of investments is solved in the case of one-time costs by obtaining results at different points in time (distributed lags), namely, by the fragmentation of the project. The key result is the new investment priority index offering a simple formula for optimal choice among “one-time investments and distributed lags” projects by splitting these projects by time. The procedure how to split the project by time is given. The most general case - distributed in time costs and results - can be built with approximate heuristic solutions. For discussion purposes, a relatively simple investment project is considered numerically.
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Bansal, A. N., and M. Kumar. "Integration of Sub-Surface Uncertainty with Project Economics Using Probabilistic Risk Modelling and Global Benchmarking of Oil and Gas Projects." In Offshore Technology Conference Brasil. OTC, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/32804-ms.
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Abstract The paper presents a novel technique for probabilistic risk modelling to evaluate the feasibility of an exploration and development offshore project. Decisions regarding the feasibility of an offshore project using deterministic methods do not capture the complete range of risks and prospects are ranked based on the net present value with discount factors determined by the company's cost of capital. To improve the decision making strategy, especially in a new exploration asset, a new approach has been worked out in this paper. The results are supported and modelled using a global database of economic parameters related to Capital Expenditure (CAPEX), Drilling Expenditure (DRILLEX), Operating Expenditure (OPEX), development strategy, recoverable volumes which significantly improves the analyst's confidence when ranking new/wildcat exploration prospects. The model integrates multiple offshore development scenarios and accounts for sub-surface uncertainties based on the resource estimates, fluid properties, well productivity. Further, volatility of oil prices, uncertainty range of CAPEX and OPEX estimations are considered to model the market fluctuations and project management risks. The technique is implemented using an analysis performed in three segments. The first part incorporates the creation of a global benchmarking model of more than around 1000 assets that provides the correlation parameters between the variables used in the probability analysis. The second part describes the estimation of a probability distribution model for each variable using an optimizer. This is used as an input to a monte-Carlo simulation model that is calibrated using the global benchmarks and uses the Latin Hypercube sampling method. Finally, the third part provides an offshore field case study to describe the risk modelling and decision-making parameters that are provided as the output. The results of the probabilistic economic analyses include risk profiling based on key performance indicators such as Net Present Value (NPV), and the internal rate of return (IRR). Further, we also present the process to interpret the results with sensitivities related to breakeven oil price, maximum feasible increments in CAPEX, OPEX and the minimum recoverable resource. The results are compared to a global analogue to access the validity and development potential of a project. The paper provides an additional tool for critical management decisions related to exploration and development strategy of a company. The current technology and literature focus on probabilistic modelling of techno-economic variables based on a mean resource volume. However, the current technique fully integrates uncertainties associated with the sub-surface and the other techno-economic variables. This probabilistic technique has all the major advantages of a deterministic approach like it can be quickly implemented, does not have a black box approach and the results are reproducible. It is simple yet robust enough to be quickly deployed on multiple projects in a company.
Reports on the topic "Metode Internal Rate of Return (IRR)"
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Almaden, Catherine Roween. Economics of Satellite Campuses. Philippine Institute for Development Studies, 2024. https://doi.org/10.62986/dp2024.33.
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This research provides a comprehensive comparison of the financial, educational, and socio-spatial considerations in establishing State Universities and Colleges (SUCs) satellite campuses versus enhancing support mechanisms for existing SUCs in the Philippines. It highlights their critical role in expanding access to higher education, particularly for underserved and geographically isolated communities. Building on literature that identifies satellite campuses as tools for addressing educational disparities and fostering regional socio-economic development, the study emphasizes cost-effectiveness in decision-making. Using a mixed-methods approach, it combines quantitative cost-effectiveness analysis with qualitative insights from Focus Group Discussions (FGDs) and Key Informant Interviews (KIIs) with SUC stakeholders to explore financial and operational challenges. The cost-effectiveness analysis utilizes key financial metrics such as Net Present Value (NPV), Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR), and Internal Rate of Return (IRR). Findings indicate that while satellite campuses offer opportunities to improve educational access, their financial sustainability is constrained by high initial investments and operational costs. Current low-fee structures in SUCs limit revenue generation, with long-term projections rarely covering infrastructure and operational expenses. Revenue-enhancing strategies are essential to address these constraints and ensure viability. Infrastructure development emerges as a major cost factor, with many SUCs relying on partnerships with Local Government Units (LGUs) for land donations. However, budget limitations remain a significant barrier. Qualitative data highlight the socio-economic benefits of satellite campuses, including the empowerment of marginalized populations and local economic growth. Aligning educational programs with local needs is identified as key to maximizing impact. Enrollment trends reveal regional disparities, with concentrations in CALABARZON, Central Luzon, and NCR, while underserved areas, particularly in Mindanao, face persistent barriers. An analysis of compliance rates shows that 69% of SUCs have achieved a Certificate of Program Compliance (COPC), though postgraduate programs lag behind undergraduate offerings. The performance of Teacher Education Programs in licensure exams further underscores disparities between main and satellite campuses. The study concludes that optimizing existing SUC campuses through improved resource allocation, targeted policies, and sustainable funding solutions can enhance educational outcomes, support local and regional development, and create a more inclusive higher education system in the Philippines.
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Pollan, Michael. Opportunities for GHG Mitigation in Latin America: Carbon Finance and the Clean Development Mechanism. Inter-American Development Bank, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011159.
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This report discusses the opportunities and challenges for Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) projects in Latin America. CDM is an important tool to improve the viability of many clean technology investments as it offers a number of important opportunities including increasing a project's internal rate of return (IRR) and its impact on project risk and overall credibility. The new and enlarged interest in GHG mitigation and carbon finance since the entry into force of the Kyoto Protocol and the full operation of the CDM provides the opportunity to revise programs and activities as needed to meet beneficiary country needs in this arena.