Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Método constructivo'
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Bendezu, Pizarro Rubén Alberto, and Meza Maggalie Jennifer Guevara. "Desarrollo de un método para reducir el desperdicio de concreto en cimentaciones profundas contra terreno con el método constructivo Top To." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/625699.
Full textThis thesis aims to develop a method to reduce the waste of concrete in deep foundations against land with the top down constructive method. These foundations, specifically piles and screen walls, do not have formwork or a regular section; so they are very variable in their excavation and therefore in the wasted concrete. Throughout a project, an estimate of the waste of its resources is calculated in order to have the estimated cost in the execution of its items. However, the estimate can be a value very far from the real one; since, it does not count on factors that will be given in situ, such as, accuracy of the machinery to be used, type of terrain, experience of the personnel, among others; being thus of great importance to make the waste considered at the beginning of a project. In the present thesis, it is tried to sincere the value of the initial factor, that guarantees to cover the waste that can be given during the constructive process for different reasons; that is, applying continuous improvement to the process, this is achieved by collecting data linked to the process, identifying the problem and the root cause.
Tesis
Navarro, Álvarez Héctor Rodrigo. "Evaluación numérica del empuje de suelo sobre revestimientos en piques circulares considerando el efecto del método constructivo." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2015. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/137860.
Full textEl uso de piques circulares como estructura de contención en suelos urbanos se ha vuelto común, entre otras cosas, debido al desarrollo de infraestructura subterránea. El diseño de este tipo de estructura es comúnmente realizado en base a teorías desarrolladas para muros de contención rígidos, planos e infinitamente largos, lo que corresponde a una simplificación que no se condice con la realidad de su comportamiento. Numerosos autores han estudiado de forma teórica la distribución del empuje sobre el sostenimiento de piques circulares, existiendo acuerdo en que las metodologías tradicionales de diseño sobreestiman su empuje activo. Sin embargo, dichas metodologías no hacen referencia a las deformaciones que se requieren para alcanzar dicha condición activa, ni consideran el método constructivo a utilizar. Según lo descrito, en este trabajo de título se estudia la influencia del método constructivo en la distribución del empuje del suelo sobre el sostenimiento de piques circulares. La metodología adoptada consiste en modelar numéricamente los piques Plaza Chacabuco y El Cortijo de la nueva Línea 3 de Metro de Santiago, considerando que para su construcción se utilizan los métodos constructivos Excavación secuencial (SEM) y Muro pantalla (MP). Esto permite observar las diferencias que generan en la magnitud y distribución del empuje al usar secuencias constructivas diferentes, en adición a las deformaciones que conllevan. Adicionalmente, los resultados obtenidos de los casos modelados se comparan con distintas teorías disponibles en la literatura, permitiendo analizar su validez en relación a las condiciones geométricas y geotécnicas consideradas en los modelos. Según lo anterior, al usar el método constructivo SEM se obtienen magnitudes de empuje menor a las que se alcanza con el método constructivo MP. Las diferencias son de un 20% para el pique Plaza Chacabuco y un 35% para El Cortijo, aproximadamente. De forma complementaria se tiene que las deformaciones radiales son mayores al usar el método constructivo SEM, lo que resulta consistente con las diferencias de empuje observadas. Sin embargo, las deformaciones observadas en los modelos numéricos no son suficientes para que se alcance la condición activa, lo que explica que las teorías desarrolladas para obtener el empuje activo en piques circulares no sean aplicables a los casos estudiados, observándose que el empuje obtenido numéricamente sea de un 10 a un 75% mayor al que se calculado de forma teórica. Finalmente, es importante mencionar que tanto la distribución del empuje como las deformaciones radiales reflejan los hitos constructivos que se producen durante la construcción, en especial aquellos que afectan de forma brusca las condiciones de confinamiento del suelo, por lo que se concluye que el método constructivo tiene un efecto apreciable tanto en la magnitud y distribución del empuje como en las deformaciones del suelo, de modo que considerar este factor en el proceso de diseño resulta favorable para la obtención de resultados más representativos, y diseños más eficientes.
Solar, Törey Esteban Andrés. "Análisis de factibilidad técnico económico sobre la construcción de domos de hormigón armado de grandes luces mediante compresión de aire, en Chile." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104514.
Full textSobrevilla, Martinez Victor Rafael. "Optimización de la eficiencia en el proceso constructivo de losa aligerada en la construcción de edificaciones menores a tres niveles mediante la aplicación del método Delphi en la provincia de Huancayo." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Continental, 2018. http://repositorio.continental.edu.pe/handle/continental/5034.
Full textPeña, Viñamil Diana Maritza. "Aplicación de los principios del tensegrity a las constucciones textiles atirantadas." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96774.
Full textEl propósito de esta tesis es el estudio de la aplicación de los principios del tensegrity a las construcciones textiles atirantadas. El estudio del concepto básico de la unidad tensegrity, sus clasificaciones según investigadores anteriores (Anthony Pugh) y el aporte personal de nuevas generaciones de forma por medio de la geometría y programas informáticos, otra tipología y un método constructivo sencillo de realizar teniendo en cuenta aspectos tan importantes como la pretensión del sistema para buscar el equilibrio del mismo. La contribución clave de este prototipo en el campo de las estructuras ligeras es que es la primera vez que un anillo tensegrity ha sido utilizado en lugar de un anillo de compresión, para generar un domo completamente en tensegrity. Además se reemplazaron los tensores de los tensegritis tradicionales por membranas.
Solares, Rodriguez Claudio Rodrigo. "Aspectos constructivos de vigas postensadas por el método de segmentación." Universidad Mayor de San Andrés. Programa Cybertesis BOLIVIA, 2009. http://www.cybertesis.umsa.bo:8080/umsa/2009/solares_rcl/html/index-frames.html.
Full textAndrade, Fabio Felippe de. "O método de melhorias PDCA." Universidade de São Paulo, 2003. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-04092003-150859/.
Full textThis dissertation presents the well-known method of improvements PDCA, and its potential application in the civil construction. For the accomplishment of that research, it has been evaluated, in a first plan, the own Method of Improvements, its basic structure of operation, for, in a second plan, together with this evaluation, describe its applications in the civil construction. That first evaluation embraces from the origin of the method, its beginnings, its creator, and the people that more stood out in its disseminação in the managerial field, until the complete description of the method, detailing each application module, involved them in each stage, and its possible results reached at the end of the cycle. Finally, the practical application of that method is discussed, as well as its potential application with other quality management systems adopted by the civil construction (QUALIHAB, SiQ-C, and other), as well as the results evaluated in companies that use this method in its management system.
Mariz, Renato Nunes. "Método para aplicação do trabalho padronizado em serviços de construção." [s.n.], 2012. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/258698.
Full textDissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: O trabalho padronizado (TP) tem sido amplamente utilizado na manufatura. Por meio de sua aplicação, resultados significativos de produtividade e estabilização de processos têm sido alcançados. Na construção, sua aplicação é ainda embrionária, sendo observadas ações parciais, não existindo ainda conhecimento suficiente sobre as melhores práticas que tragam resultados tão significativos quanto os observados na manufatura. O objetivo desta pesquisa é propor um método para aplicação do trabalho padronizado em serviços de construção. A estratégia de pesquisa utilizada foi a Design Science Research (DSR). Para tanto foram realizados três estudos de caso, com o intuito de desenvolver e validar esse método, que partiu de uma base utilizada para a manufatura, adaptando-o a especificidades da construção, tendo na forma final dez etapas e uma tabela que relaciona as etapas aos documentos do trabalho padronizado utilizados, dando assim uma orientação prática que facilita a aplicação do trabalho padronizado a serviços de construção. Os resultados indicam que ao aplicar o método a produtividade dos funcionários dobrou, a satisfação melhorou e houve redução de desperdício no ambiente de trabalho. Como sugestão para trabalhos futuros, indica-se o teste prático deste método em outros serviços de construção, inclusive que utilizem maquinário, e a avaliação de outros aspectos, como: qualidade do serviço, segurança e ergonomia
Abstract: Standardized work has been widely used in manufacturing. Through its application, results have been achieved, such as significant productivity and process stabilization. In construction, its application is still incipient, with partial applications, and there is not yet sufficient knowledge on the best ways to apply and to produce results as important as in manufacturing. The objective of this research is to propose a method for standardized work application in construction services. The research strategy used was Design Science Research (DSR). Therefore, we performed three case studies, in order to develop and validate this method. The method started from a base used for manufacturing, adapting it to the specifics of construction, taking into final form ten steps and a table that lists the steps and relates these steps to standardized work documents, thus giving practical guidance that facilitates application standardized work construction services. The results indicate that by applying this method doubled the productivity of employees, employee satisfaction was improved and waste was reduced in the workplace. Suggestion for future studies indicates the practical test of this method in other building services, including the ones that use machinery and evaluation of other aspects, such as quality, safety and ergonomics
Mestrado
Arquitetura e Construção
Mestre em Engenharia Civil
Vidal, Ruiz Alvaro. "Métodos constructivos de superestructura ferroviaria. Caso práctico Metro de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/18305.
Full textMartel, Espinoza Jhon Jersson, and Carrión Antonio Gabriel Samaniego. "Diseño de la sección transversal mediante el método NATM en la etapa 1A del proyecto de la Línea 2 del metro de Lima." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/652414.
Full textThis thesis consists in the study of the NATM method of stage 1A of the project of Line 2 of the Lima Metro. In which to start this study in this mega project that is still being carried out, it was necessary to investigate the different excavation processes that were going to be used, among them we have the new Austrian method (NATM) and the tun-neling machines (TBM) However, the last tunnel excavation method has not yet been used. On the one hand, part of the preliminary works was identified for the work fronts of the NATM, which come to be the constructions of stations, shafts, interception tun-nel, among others that will be mentioned and defined in a chapter lines below, this part is very important, because through this information we can know where our main objec-tive is directed, which is to propose a design and coating in future urban tunnel con-structions in Lima. Finally, In order to carry out a different support and coating design to the one already in process, we had to carry out different verifications, which complied with the requirements of the AISC standard 360-2011 and E.090 of Steel Structures, thus giving a new option for the coating and maintenance of future urban tunnel constructions.
Tesis
Souza, Bruno Henrique Félix de. "Método de avaliação de prontidão para implementação da Construção Enxuta." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2016. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/8162.
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Conselho Nacional de Pesquisa e Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico - CNPq
To reduce waste and increase the generation of value for customers, more and more construction companies have sought to apply the Lean Construction. However, there is no unanimous formalization of the implementation process and companies lack information about their real capacity to go through a lean transition. As stressed by the literature, one of the key factors for the success of any lean implementation is to assess the readiness of the organization. This paper assumes that this assessment should consider the technical, human and cultural dimensions and their interrelationships. Seeking ways to evaluate, an important tool based on graph theory and matrix algebra, identified in the literature as Graph Theoretic Approach (GTA), has been applied in different contexts, with desirable properties such as the ability to model interactions between criteria and generating hierarchical models for solving complex decision-making problems. Thus, this study aims to develop a readiness assessment method for implementation of Lean Construction using the GTA as a tool for its operationalization. As steps involved in building the method, it was carried out a literature review, in which it was possible to identify the readiness factors and sub-factors considered in the evaluation, and the parameterization of the model, through the establishment of inter-relations between the selected factors and sub-factors. The developed method was tested through the application in construction companies. As a result from the application, it was obtained the classification of two companies which showed insufficient and partial readiness levels. From the case studies, it was concluded that the proposed method is suitable for its purpose, meeting the criteria of feasibility, usability and utility. The method results allow to provide a diagnostic of the current situation of construction companies, which serves as a driver for change initiatives towards the Lean Construction.
Visando reduzir desperdícios e aumentar a geração de valor para seus clientes finais, cada vez mais empresas construtoras tem buscado aplicar a Construção Enxuta. O que se constata é que não há uma formalização unânime do processo de implementação e que as empresas carecem de informações sobre sua real capacidade para passar por um processo de transição enxuta. Como ressalta a literatura, um dos fatores chave para o sucesso de qualquer implementação enxuta consiste em avaliar a prontidão da organização. Esta pesquisa parte do pressuposto que essa avaliação deve considerar as dimensões de ordem técnica, humana e cultural e suas inter-relações. Na busca de meios para a avaliação, uma importante ferramenta baseada na teoria dos grafos e álgebra matricial, identificada na literatura como Graph Theoretic Approach (GTA), vem sendo aplicada em diversos contextos, apresentando propriedades desejáveis como a capacidade de modelar interações de critérios e de gerar modelos hierárquicos para resolução de problemas de tomada de decisões complexas. Desta forma, este trabalho tem como objetivo desenvolver um método de avaliação de prontidão para implementação da Construção Enxuta utilizando a GTA como ferramenta para sua operacionalização. Como etapas inerentes à construção do método foi realizada uma revisão bibliográfica, na qual foi possível identificar os fatores e os subfatores de prontidão considerados na avaliação, e a parametrização do modelo, por meio do estabelecimento das inter-relações entre os fatores e os subfatores selecionados. O método desenvolvido foi testado por meio da aplicação em empresas construtoras. Como resultado da aplicação, obteve-se a classificação de duas empresas avaliadas as quais apresentaram níveis insuficientes e parciais de prontidão. A partir dos estudos de caso, foi possível concluir que o método proposto é adequado aos fins a que se destina, atendendo aos critérios de viabilidade, usabilidade e utilidade. Os seus resultados permitem fornecer um diagnóstico da situação atual das construtoras, o qual serve de balizador para iniciativas de mudança em direção à Construção Enxuta.
Filippi, Giancarlo Azevedo De. "Método para planejamento da produção e gestão de prazos de empreendimentos imobiliários." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-18072017-110219/.
Full textDelays are common in the construction industry. They create many concerns for project performance and cause considerable losses to project parties. This research analyze the main causes of delay in construction projects, and it propose a structured method to improve the current use of time planning tools and control instruments. Initially, a literature review and a field survey with 50 real estate construction projects in Brazilian cities (built in a period of nine years) are conducted to identify the main factors influencing the delays. Next, tools and assumptions to improve the control of project deadlines are identified, thus avoiding the occurrence of various problems raised in the previous survey. This study also proposes a time management framework that consolidates these practices and tools studied. The viability of the practices is measured in other recent projects, by a second field survey in 8 recent construction projects. In addition, validation of the practices by professionals who work in planning processes in construction companies was done. Finally, the results of all these analyses are used to consolidate a method to avoid delay occurrence and to support good time management in real estate projects.
Kato, Camila Seiço. "Método para estimar custos diretos da execução de edifícios: aplicação à alvenaria estrutural." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-19072013-110646/.
Full textThis thesis proposes a method to forecast direct costs for multi-storey building construction. The costs are estimated by comparison to another building which costs were estimated before. The cost estimation this method provides can be very useful to improve important decisions including: land purchasing, timing to initiate marketing campaigns, and selecting architectural concepts. The approach to develop this method was modelling; parametrical analyses were used to describe the cost prognosis. The conceptual model was tested for structural masonry direct cost estimate. To do so, bibliographical survey was used in order to identify and quantify the impact of technical and architectonic parameters on the cost of this service. The proposed method, although complex, presents many advantages when compared to existing methods including: its accuracy, speed when used for structural masonry estimates, the understanding of the trigger parameters, it is easy to include new information, allows diversity of users, and its ability to compare different architectural designs.
Taniguti, Eliana Kimie. "Método construtivo de vedação vertical interna de chapas de gesso acartonado." Universidade de São Paulo, 1999. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-14112001-163706/.
Full textDue to the current social and economic situation in Brazil, building construction companies are seeking ways to improve efficiency in their production processes. For this reason, gypsum plasterboard is beginning to be widely used for internal walls as a substitute for traditional masonry. In spite of the increasing utilization of this component, which is common in other countries, little research regarding gypsum plasterboard construction technology has been carried out here. In this way, this study deals with the gypsum plasterboard construction method, analyzing its performance, materials, components, equipment and tools required for installation. It also describes the procedure for assembling these partitions. Finally, some guidelines for the production design elaboration and the parameters to help to control the execution process are proposed. This study aims to contribute to improving internal wall technologies, especially gypsum plasterboard partition construction.
Silva, Eduardo Rosa da. "Comparação de métodos de orçamentação de obras de construção civil." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/149830.
Full textThe construction market encourages the development of studies and improvement of management tools. Predict the cost of a project in the planning phase requires a technical level of high quality so that this estimate is reasonable, accurate and competitive. Not only the professionals involved in the projects should have a high level of expertise to achieve excellence, but also the use of tools must have requirements appropriate for institutional objectives. This work is carried out an assessment of the software system used by the Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, the budgeting of construction works funded by the Union. This analysis is quantitative and qualitative nature based on interviews with professionals in the engineering and architecture area, pointing out the deficiencies and qualities of systems making a comparison between selected tools for the study. General questions were formulated for such assessments, which in turn were broken down into sub features called specific questions in order to make further analysis. The comparative study was a valid result, it generated a theoretical and analytical basis for presentation of system features tested in order to improve, resulting in a failure analysis and identifying areas for improvement. With the application of this study was possible to achieve some results as the assessment of technical issues of cost systems such as: With the application of this study was possible to achieve some results as the assessment of technical issues of cost systems such as: (i) requirement score for each system , enabling the assessment of efficiency in global and specific level of each feature requirement score for each system , enabling the assessment of efficiency in global and specific level of each functionality. (ii) identifying of funcionality or data that require improvement; (iii) evaluation of systems used by corporations in terms of systems available on the market.
Plusquellec, Titouan. "Cadre de déploiement de la méthode de Conception-Construction." Master's thesis, Université Laval, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11794/28227.
Full textThe construction industry represents a major sector for the Quebec Province, subject to constant technological advances as well as social and environmental pressure. It is in line with this dynamic that many companies are currently looking for answers to the performance problems of the traditional delivery system, highlighted by the drop in activity of recent years. In this context, this research focuses on the development of a framework for the Design-Build delivery system. This system aims at integrating both design and construction competences in a single entity responsible for the entire completion of the project. In particular, the project introduces a decision support tool that may help the user to determine if a project is adapted to the use of the Design-Build delivery system, taking into account the project characteristics as well the companies involved. To develop such a tool, the Design-Build delivery system was first compared to the traditional Design-Bid-Build system in terms of cost performance, schedule and quality, to determine its positive and negative aspects. The impact of the method on the different stakeholders of the project was then considered in order to identify the requirements of such an organization on the actors of the project. A series of interviews allowed to validate the previous results while providing further details on the particularities of the Quebec situation, which led to the development of the framework for the application of the method. This framework has finally been translated into a decision support tool to facilitate its use.
Barbosa, Adriano Aurelio Ribeiro 1977. "Implementação de método de potência sonora em serra-mármore." [s.n.], 2014. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/257889.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Civil, Arquitetura e Urbanismo
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Resumo: A poluição sonora e sua influência sobre o meio ambiente e a qualidade de vida das pessoas têm sido focos de várias pesquisas em diversas partes do mundo. Estudos apontam a construção civil como fator gerador de ruídos que incomodam a sociedade. A contribuição das máquinas e das ferramentas utilizadas nas obras tem influência direta neste processo. Os usos frequentes destes facilitadores estão entre as vertentes de melhoria de qualidade, racionalização dos processos e aplicação de inovações tecnológicas no setor. O estudo do comportamento e a caracterização dos ruídos ambientais nos canteiros de obras da construção civil, devido às operações com equipamentos elétricos, apresentam importância para o setor. A determinação do ruído gerado por máquinas, quando em contato com as superfícies de corte dos materiais de construção, contribui com as ações de controle do ruído em atividades desta natureza para fins ocupacionais e de conforto ambiental. A serra-mármore é uma máquina elétrica manual, portátil, largamente utilizada, na construção civil, para executar pequenos cortes e acabamentos em pisos, azulejos, telhas, tijolos e madeiras e destaca-se pela sua versatilidade, praticidade, leveza e ergonomia. O objetivo deste trabalho é propor um material de condição de carga padrão para implementação de método de determinação de potência sonora do ruído gerado por serra-mármore e estabelecer a incerteza de medição associada às operações. A metodologia utilizada para o estudo considerou os níveis de ruído gerados nas operações de corte em relação ao ruído do equipamento sem carga em concordância com a ISO 3744:2010, que especifica a determinação de níveis de potência sonora de ruído transmitido através do ar, por um método de engenharia, num campo livre sobre um plano refletor. Os resultados indicaram elevados níveis de ruído com a carga padrão proposta e diferentes materiais de construção em relação às atividades da serra-mármore sem carga. Os níveis globais de potência sonora obtidos nas operações chegaram a 110,1dB. A relação da condição do equipamento vazio e com carga apontam diferenças de até 10,0dB. Os resultados revelaram similaridade nas incertezas de medição nas operações de serra em diferentes condições de carga. Foi possível avaliar quantitativamente o nível de ruído gerado nas operações de corte, bem como propor um material de carga padrão para a determinação de níveis de potência sonora. Resultou em 4,3dB a incerteza de medição expandida nas operações da serra-mármore em campo aberto sobre um plano refletor. O estudo representa ainda uma contribuição na análise de ruído nas obras, considerando as dificuldades na obtenção de valores dos espectros sonoros nas operações de máquinas portáteis de construção civil na literatura, como a serra-mármore
Abstract: Worldwide, noise pollution and its influence on environment and quality of life have been studied. And so, such researches have pointed out the building construction as the main responsible for disturbing sounds today. In this sector, machinery and tools have direct influence on this process. Thus, the regular use of such tools are the main concern aiming quality improvement, streamlining processes and application of technological innovations in the industry. For this reason, the study and characterization of environmental noise behavior at construction sites (due to electrical equipment) is relevant for the sector, in order to contribute to noise control actions in construction activities aiming occupational purposes and environmental comfort. The masonry saw (circular saw for granite stone) is an electrical device, regularly used on building construction for cutting and shaping floors, tiles, bricks and woods and stands out for its versatility, practicality, lightness and ergonomics. Thus, the aim of our study is to design material of proper standard condition and measurement uncertainty associated with operations and measurements to implement the method for determining sound power of noise generated by masonry saw. The method applied in this study was comparing noise levels - generated by cutting operations - and the noise of the equipment without charge, according the ISO 3744:2010 (which specifies sound levels transmitted through the air, by a method of engineering, in a free field over a reflecting plane. Results have indicated high levels of noise with the proposed standard charge and different building materials in relation to the activities of the unloaded masonry saw. The overall sound power levels obtained from operations reached 110.1 dB. The ratio of unloaded and loaded device points to differences of up to 10.0 dB. Also, results have revealed a similarity in the measurement uncertainties in masonry saw operations on different load conditions. It was possible to quantitatively assess the noise level generated during cutting operations, so proposing a standard charge for determining sound power levels. Finally, the expanded measurement uncertainty has resulted in 4.3 dB of the masonry saw in an open field over a reflecting plane. Moreover, the study represents a great contribution for analyzing noise levels from the use of portable machinery on building construction, considering the difficulties in obtaining values of sound spectra in the literature
Doutorado
Arquitetura e Construção
Doutor em Engenharia Civil
Travagin, Vinícius Bernardino. "Subsídios para escolha do método construtivo de túneis." Universidade Tecnológica Federal do Paraná, 2012. http://repositorio.utfpr.edu.br/jspui/handle/1/347.
Full textDiante da crescente ocupação dos ambientes urbanos e das demandas por infraestrutura, a ocupação do espaço subterrâneo mostra-se uma opção. Para este fim, os túneis são a principal alternativa, seja para a implantação de redes de utilidades, para transporte rodoviário, para transporte metroviário ou para sistemas de saneamento. Contudo, não se observam estudos de alternativas para a escolha do método construtivo ideal, aquele que seja mais adequado a cada contexto que se apresenta. Assim, a escolha do método construtivo de um túnel, dada a diversidade e complexidade de fatores envolvidos, tem se amparado na experiência adquirida pelos envolvidos com a obra ou em aspectos subjetivos e escusos, podendo ocasionar ora túneis mais onerosos do que deveriam ser, ora túneis de integridade estrutural e funcional comprometida. Neste contexto, o presente estudo apresenta um panorama geral a respeito dos túneis, aspectos qualitativos de estruturas e geotecnia a eles relacionados, os métodos construtivos mais consagrados, as variáveis que possuem interferência direta nos diversos métodos construtivos, os custos técnicos, sociais e ambientais de túneis e o estado da arte no processo decisório para este tipo de empreendimento. Traz como resultado uma sistemática simplificada para escolha do método construtivo, baseada em critérios objetivos e norteada pelo contexto em que a obra se encontra e por seu custo total. O trabalho busca contribuir, assim, com a racionalização da concepção, do projeto e da construção de túneis.
Given the increasing occupation of urban environments and the demands for infrastructure, the use of underground space seems to be an option. For this purpose, tunnels are the main alternative, either for utilities, for road transport, for subway, or for sanitation. However, no studies are observed about comparison of alternatives aiming the choose of the right tunneling method, one that is most appropriate in each context it presents. Thus, the choice of tunneling method, given the diversity and complexity of factors involved, has been done with majority support of the experience gained by those involved with the work or subjective and vain aspects, causing either tunnels more expensive than they should be or tunnels which structural and functional integrity are impaired. In this context, this study presents an overview about the tunnels, geotechnical and structural qualitative aspects related to them, the most established construction methods, variables that have direct interference in the various construction methods, technical costs, social costs and environmental costs involved with tunnels and the state of the art about decision making for this type of venture. As a result, this research gives a systematic and simplified way of choosing the tunneling method, based on objective criteria and guided by the context in which the work is and the total cost. The work seeks to contribute as well, with the rationalization of design and construction of tunnels.
Guio, Sivipaucar Juan Diego, and Huaman Dennis Alfredo Cayllahua. "Análisis de los métodos de eliminación de material para construcción de sótanos en Proyectos que presentan suelo granular en Lima Metropolitana." Bachelor's thesis, Universidad Peruana de Ciencias Aplicadas (UPC), 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/648869.
Full textThe following thesis aims to analyze the importance of excavation methodologies in the buildings of the city of Metropolitan Lima. The most used methodologies are: ramp installation, sidewalk installation, handrail method using sidewalks, spoon to spoon method, conveyor belt usage, use of tilting buckets, and vertical lifting system. In the country, there is no knowledge of the method or control that should be used for an efficient process of material removal for basement constructions; hence, there is trust in subcontracting companies which are responsible or perform for this activity based on experiences already carried out in other similar projects. The purpose of this thesis project is to develop the appropriate control and management of a good production of material removal that would help to establish the efficiency of any process in the future. This study will analyze 4 buildings located in the districts of Metropolitan Lima. This analysis will be limited to projects which areas are ranked between 700 - 1200 m2, include the construction of 4 or more basements, with locations based in typical areas that represent the main characteristics of the Lima soil. Within the group of soils, there is focus in the granular gravel type that shows the optimal conditions in terms of suitable machinery for deep excavations performance. The importance of this work is to ensure the improvement of processes and methods in deep excavations of buildings that present some construction characteristics, based on the study of the construction process of basement excavations by ratios, which will allow to determine the efficiency by ring and by project of this process during the material removal phase.
Tesis
Aguiar, Luana Vilela Andrade de. "Estudo paramétrico sobre recalque de radiers estaqueados utilizando o método dos elementos finitos." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2017. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/982.
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Economically profitable lands with good geotechnical characteristics to receive loads resulting from the increase in the number of constructions that aggregate more people in a smaller area are increasingly difficult components to be found in large cities. Considering this scenery, the work evidences the importance of knowing better the solution of foundation in radier staked, as its repressions occur, in order to rationalize the choice of the designer. The settling of stacked radiers, obtained from the combination of different factors, such as: the thickness and the geometric form of radiers, the number and diameter of cuttings and soil modulus of elasticity were evaluated, conferring to the implantation of the foundation studied in soils sandy, fluffy, medium-sized and compact. For the simulation of the 288 combinations of the above mentioned factors, three-dimensional (3D) analyzes were used by finite elements, through the ELPLA computational program. From the results are obtained estimated values of average and the coefficient of variation according to the parameters assigned to the combination. The effects indicated that the higher the modulus of elasticity of the soil, the lower the values obtained from the settlements; that the thickness of the radier is the geometric factor that exerts greater influence in the variation in the beliefs of the differential pressures; the diameters of the cuttings play an irrelevant influence on the variation of the amount of repression; the inclusion of cuttings may not mean that there will be a decrease in differential or total balances. In this study, for square radiers with L / B = 1 the ideal quantity was 20 stakes and for square radiers with L / B = 2, the ideal quantity was 40 stakes, being therefore fundamental a previous study to determine the optimal amount of stakes for each thickness and radier size.
Terrenos economicamente rentáveis e com boas características geotécnicas, para receber cargas oriundas do aumento do número de construções que agregam uma maior quantidade de pessoas numa menor área, são componentes cada vez mais difíceis de serem encontrados nas grandes cidades. Considerando este cenário, o trabalho evidencia a importância de conhecer melhor a solução de fundação em radier estaqueado, como ocorrem seus recalques, de maneira a racionalizar a escolha do projetista. Analisou-se o recalque de radiers estaqueados, obtidos a partir da combinação de diferentes fatores, tais como: a espessura e a forma geométrica de radiers, quantidade e diâmetro de estacas e módulos de elasticidade do solo, conferindo à implantação da fundação estudada em solos arenosos do tipo fofo, medianamente compacto e compacto. Para simulação das 288 combinações dos fatores supracitados, utilizou-se de análises tridimensionais (3D) por elementos finitos, através do programa computacional ELPLA. Dos resultados são obtidos valores estimados de recalques médios e do coeficiente de variação em função dos parâmetros atribuídos à combinação. Os resultados apontaram quanto maior o módulo de elasticidade do solo, menores são os valores obtidos dos recalques; que a espessura do radier é o fator geométrico que exerce maior influência na variação nos valores dos recalques diferenciais; os diâmetros das estacas desempenham influência irrelevante na variação dos valores de recalque; a inclusão de estacas pode não representar que haverá diminuição dos recalques diferenciais ou totais. Neste estudo, para radiers quadrados com L/B=1 a quantidade ideal foi de 20 estacas e para radiers quadrados com L/B=2, a quantidade ideal foi de 40 estacas, sendo então fundamental um estudo prévio para determinação da quantidade ótima de estacas para cada espessura e dimensão do radier.
Omrane, Nouha. "Méthode de construction d'un réseau termino-conceptuel normalisé : Contribution à la construction d'ontologies à partir de textes." Paris 13, 2013. http://scbd-sto.univ-paris13.fr/secure/edgalilee_th_2013_omrane.pdf.
Full textSince the late 1990s, texts have emerged as a precious source of knowledge for building ontologies that are at times a semantic framework of the Semantic Web and sometimes its bottleneck. In fact, texts carry stabilized and shared knowledge which are easier to access than questioning any expert. The use of texts doesn’t replace human expertise but allows the knowledge engineer to understand the domain to be modelled and initiate the work of modelling. Building domain ontologies from text is based on techniques of natural language processing (NLP) coupled with knowledge engineering techniques to construct a formal model describing knowledge shared in a specific domain. One of the challenges of the transformation from texts to ontologies, is to detect a vocabulary of the domain and its structure in the form of a thesaurus before its formalization and these difficulties that are inherent to exploitation of linguistic material and its normalization, caught our attention in this thesis. We propose a normalization method that transforms the linguistic material - as it was extracted from an acquisition corpus by NLP tools - in a semantic network that we call "termino-conceptual network" and that describes a normalized vocabulary of the domain : a disambiguated and structured vocabulary such that it is stabilized in the concerned domain. It is a network of unambiguous terms that are interconnected through taxonomic and associative relationships. It serves not only as the basis for building a domain ontology from texts but also as a thesaurus for annotating documents. This thesis was conducted within the European project ONTORULE (ontology meets business rules). Our approach fits within the overall ontological resources construction TERMINAE method that was initiated by the work of the TIA group (Terminology Intelligence Artificial). TERMINAE method is based on three knowledge levels - terminological, termino-conceptual and conceptual - to build domain ontologies from texts. The first step of terminology extraction allows the identification of the vocabulary mentioned in texts that serves as a starting point for building a formal model of the domain. The second normalization step transforms the original terminology network into a conceptual network. The final step of formalization ensures the transformation of termino-conceptual network to conceptual network that is represented in the form of an ontology. If the first step can be automated by using extraction tools, the other two require a disambiguation and modeling work that is largely based on human expertise. This thesis helps to refine the method by showing how TERMINAE decomposes the normalization work in different operations, how these operations are enchained and how to control the overall normalization process. It is indeed a difficult step for the knowledge engineer who, after the linguistic extraction phase, is facing a mass units to process, some of them are ambiguous and not all are relevant to the domain. To elaborate this normalization method, we are interested in : – enrichment of terminological network by taking into account also the named entities where TERMINAE method consideres essentially the terms ; – formalization of the knowledge structures that are manipulated in the building ontologies process as defined in TERMINAE method : we have precisely defined the knowledge structures manipulated and highlighted the correspondence links that allow deriving a knowledge structure from one another and navigating from one to the other ; – the definition of a normalization process of a terminological network into a termino-conceptual network that guides the knowledge engineer in detecting the domain vocabulary and his normalization choices : the terminological network consists of terminological units that are formed by terms and named entities, and terminological relationships that describe syntactic, lexical and specialized relationships ; indicators allow to follow the progress of the normalization work. This normalization approach has been experimented to evaluate the main contributions in this thesis. The ontologies created were used in the ONTORULE project for three different use-cases. They served as conceptual vocabularies for writing business rules related to different decision based systems but especially they were used to semantically annotate business documents and to guide the acquisition work of the database business rules from these texts
Alves, Karen Freitas. "Análise e aplicação do método do valor agregado no controle de prazos e custos em obras de loteamentos urbanos residenciais." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3153/tde-27092017-100620/.
Full textThis dissertation performs the application of the earned value analysis (EVA) in the execution\'s monitoring and controlling of residential urban development projects. Initially, it was done a bibliographic review about the application of EVA and about the most recognized methods and theories of management and construction work\'s controlling. How it wasn\'t found bibliography about the application of the earned value analysis in this type of projects, it was applied in thirty-four projects of a company of the sector, in order to verify its effectiveness in the work\'s monitoring and controlling. This application was described in detail for future application in a monitoring and controlling\'s tool for other residential urban development works, which includes urban infrastructure works, buildings and landscaping. In order to verify the effectiveness of the method\'s application, the result was analyzed in relation of final real cost of works and a comparison was done between the projections of time and cost obtained with the application of EVA with the projections obtained with the current method of monitoring and controlling of the company under study. Therefore, it was verified that the application of the earned value analysis for the projection of construction costs is effective, but it doesn\'t show the same results about the projection of the work\'s completion period.
Centeno, Hugo Alexandre do Carmo. "MODELAGEM DE CRONOGRAMA DE PROJETO PELA FERRAMENTA DSM COM APOIO AO GERENCIAMENTO E TOMADA DE DECISÕES PELA SIMULAÇÃO DE MONTE CARLO." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de Goiás, 2018. http://tede2.pucgoias.edu.br:8080/handle/tede/3971.
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Delays in construction projects are a recurrent fact in several countries and regions for the most varied types of works. These delays, in addition to negatively impacting the image of companies contracted in the provision of construction services, cause several financial losses to interested parties: contractor and hired. Several researches that address the factors that lead to delays in the work schedule indicate the variation in the duration of the activities and, or the lack of an inadequate estimate for the duration of the activities, among the ten major delay factors in the projects. They contribute to the inadequate estimation of production of the activities, the lack of knowledge of the complexity of the activities, and also the lack or insufficiency of historical data that allow a safe estimate of the duration of the activities. Thus, this study aims to describe the behavior of variability in the duration of activities in an environment with little activity productivity data. The productivity data analyzed were taken from three similar construction projects carried out by the same company and which were provided as case studies of this work. For the analysis of the variability and description of the behavior of the activities, after the data collection of productivity of the project activities, the non-parametric Bootstrap data resampling associated with Monte Carlo Simulation (MCS) was used as techniques. Later, in order to verify the reliability of the results of variation in the duration of the activities, the schedule of the case studies was modeled using the Critical Path Method (CPM) and the Dependency Structure Matrix (DSM); and submitted to MCS. The simulated results of the total duration of the projects were adequate for the actual completion period of the projects studied, leading to the conclusion that the results of variation in the duration of the activities obtained by the cited technique are reliable.
Os atrasos em projetos de construção civil são um fato recorrente em diversos países e regiões para os mais variados tipos de obras. Esses atrasos, além de impactar negativamente a imagem das empresas contratadas na prestação de serviços de construção, acarretam diversos prejuízos financeiros às partes interessadas: contratante e contratado. Diversas pesquisas que abordam os fatores que acarretam em atrasos no cronograma de obras elencam a variação na duração das atividades e, ou, a falta de estimativa inadequada para duração das atividades, dentre os dez maiores fatores de atraso nos projetos. Contribuem para a inadequada estimativa de produção das atividades o desconhecimento da complexidade das mesmas e, também, a falta ou insuficiência de dados históricos que permitam estimar com segurança a duração das atividades. Assim, este trabalho visa descrever o comportamento de variabilidade na duração das atividades em um ambiente com poucos dados de produtividade das atividades. Os dados de produtividade analisados foram tomados de três projetos de construção civil semelhantes executados pela mesma empresa e que se prestaram como estudos de caso deste trabalho. Para análise da variabilidade e descrição do comportamento das atividades, após a coleta de dados de produtividade das atividades dos projetos, foram utilizadas como técnicas a reamostragem Bootstrap não paramétrica dos dados associada a Simulação de Monte Carlo (SMC). Posteriormente, para verificar a confiabilidade dos resultados de variação na duração das atividades, o cronograma dos estudos de caso foi modelado utilizando o Método do Caminho Crítico (CPM) e a Matriz de Estrutura de Dependência (DSM); e submetido a SMC. Os resultados simulados de duração total dos projetos mostraram-se adequados ao prazo real de conclusão dos projetos estudados, conduzindo à conclusão de que os resultados de variação na duração das atividades, obtidos pela técnica citada, são confiáveis.
Hajj, Thammiris Mohamad El. "Método para avaliação do uso de rochas ornamentais em interiores considerando as exalações de radônio e torônio." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3134/tde-11042017-101136/.
Full textRadioactive radon gas isotopes are generated from any soil or rock containing uranium and thorium in its composition. Thus, ornamental rocks used in construction are natural sources of radon and can generate indoor concentrations higher than those recommended internationally. As Brazil is an important producer and exporter of ornamental rocks; it was investigated in this research: an inexpensive and efficient way of sorting samples; correlations between gamma Index and the exhalations of radon and thoron; the influence of physical parameters on rock exhalations; Rn-222 diffusion length in rock plates; methods for reducing radon and thoron exhalations; preferential associations of uranium and thorium with other chemical elements and the proportions of radon and thoron in samples. Forty (40) ornamental rocks samples collected in Brazil and Switzerland were studied and submitted to the following analysis: X-ray fluorescence, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, thin section microscope analysis, pycnometry, moisture analysis, porosity, permeability, gamma spectrometry, neutron activation analysis, confocal microscopy, radon and thoron exhalation analysis using scintillation cell, radioactivity detection using a portable contamination detector and application of a waterproofing substance. Univariate and multivariate statistical analysis were conducted with Statistica 13 software. The main results of the recommendations were as follows: use of a portable radiation detector as screening method for the selected samples; adopt gamma Index limit value of one (1) for ornamental rock plates; adopt total radon exhalation limit value of 150 Bq/hm2; use polishing and waterproof substance as surface treatment methods for reducing radon and thoron exhalations rates; minerals containing rare earth elements showed higher amount of associated U and Th; Th/U proportions in Brazilian samples (5 to 15) were higher than the global average (3 to 4).
Flores, Pereira Alejandra del Pilar. "Métodos Constructivos para la Aislación Térmica de Muros por el Exterior de una Vivienda. Soluciones a Puntos Singulares." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2007. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/104640.
Full textEl objetivo general del presente trabajo de título a propósito del cambio de reglamentación térmica en Chile en su segunda etapa, es mostrar métodos y soluciones constructivas para aislar por el exterior los muros de hormigón de una vivienda. Se recopilaron antecedentes de los métodos europeos y de todos los adelantos realizados en Chile en esta materia. Con lo anterior se realizó en detalle la forma de implementar tres métodos: fachada ventilada, mortero delgado sobre aislación y unidades prefabricadas de la envolvente de protección para la aislación térmica adosada al muro. Uno de los aspectos fundamentales de este trabajo fue mostrar técnicas para dar solución a los puntos singulares generados en la vivienda al implementar las técnicas planteadas. Se presentaron los criterios dados por la EOTA para ver las exigencias reglamentarias fundamentales que deben cumplir los sistemas de aislación de una vivienda. Con estos criterios se realizó un análisis a fin de determinar que sistemas cumplen y cuales no con las exigencias reglamentarias que son: resistencia al fuego, resistencia a la humedad, resistencia al impacto, no dañar el medio ambiente y la salud y que sean de fácil manutención. Dado el desarrollo que se ha alcanzado en Chile en esta materia hasta este momento, se realizó con los productos nacionales para cada uno de los métodos planteados un análisis de precios unitarios, a fin de compararlos en términos económicos. Como resultados de este trabajo, en términos térmicos se puede decir que la fachada ventilada gracias a su cámara de aire permite que en verano al calentarse el revestimiento exterior, este caliente el aire y se produzca una corriente vertical haciendo que suba el calor impidiendo el calentamiento del muro, lo cual resulta beneficioso para mantener una temperatura agradable al interior de la vivienda. Si evaluamos en costo este método, el siding de vinílico de todos los tipos de revestimiento de este tipo resulta ser el más económico, sin embargo no cumple con una de las exigencias fundamentales que es la resistencia al fuego. El mejor tipo de revestimiento son los siding de fibrocemento, pero son los de mayor costo. Los EIFS cumplen con las exigencias reglamentarias y corresponde a la técnica más económica, sin embargo tiene el problema de que es adherido al muro y cuando hay mucho sol absorbe el calor y lo traspasa al muro. Lo mismo ocurre en el caso de las unidades prefabricadas.
Ortega, Madrigal Leticia. "Optimización y propuesta de un método para la estimación de la durabilidad de los sistemas constructivos característicos de la Comunidad Valenciana." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/27666.
Full textOrtega Madrigal, L. (2013). Optimización y propuesta de un método para la estimación de la durabilidad de los sistemas constructivos característicos de la Comunidad Valenciana [Tesis doctoral no publicada]. Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/27666
TESIS
Marchiori, Fernanda Fernandes. "Desenvolvimento de um método para elaboração de redes de composições de custo para orçamentação de obras de edificações." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3146/tde-08092010-131752/.
Full textThis thesis develops a method that helps experts arrive at unit price items for buildings. It is based on the consideration of a unit price item net as the logical way to deal with the huge amount of information associated to the estimating process. The preliminary bibliography review and an exploratory study showed the accuracy of the authors initial concerns. The method developed was based upon former productivity studies and was applied in the production of unit price items net for Caixa Econômica Federal, a public building construction financial company. Such experience showed not only that the method was feasible but also pointed out some improvements that should be made, leading to the method presented in the thesis. Finally, it can be said the method used to develop unit price item nets can help allocate and deal with information about construction costs; it solved several problems indicated by literature, improving compositions in terms of precision, and of support to cost management in the building construction area.
Ribeiro, Bibiana Zanella. "Construção de uma cadeia sustentável para destinação de resíduos da construção civil (RCC) pelo método do Design Tthinking." Universidade Federal do Tocantins, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11612/669.
Full textConsidering that, with a view to sustainability, the issue of solid waste should be dealt with under the integrated perspective in which the notion of co-responsibility is fundamental, this work aims to propose a chain model for the treatment and disposal of waste. For that, the technique of storytelling and the methodology of Design Thinking for the design of economic scenarios and the development of characters were applied, which enabled the indication of measures considered of low and high effectiveness to assess the viability and the sustainability of a waste treatment plant. The data obtained allowed the proposition of a hybrid business model, where the approach found shifted from the mere creation of a treatment plant to the implantation of a cooperative system of sorting, separation and treatment of the residues, more resistant to the conjunctural variations economic development.
Júnior, Fuad Carlos Zarzar. "Metodologia para estimar a vida útil de elementos construtivos, baseados no método dos fatores." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2007. http://www.unicap.br/tede//tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=176.
Full textThis Work, based on parts of the ISO 15686, presents and discuss about a deterministic method, Factor Method (FM), that permits to predict material service life and their components and planning their maintenance and replacement necessary periodicity. The precision of the estimates of this method was analyzed in this Work, and an alternative equation to evaluate service life was developed, using multiple linear regression (MLR), derived from FM pertaining to ISO 15686-1 and especially the Factor Method. The MLR is broadly used to evaluate products that interact with independents variables. Finally, this alternative equation was used to compare its estimate random results with the FM random ones. After evaluating the examples on chapter 4, the Author noticed that the Factor Method is very important to estimate service life of materials and components and the alternative equation too. Two case studies were done in this Work, in the first case the total service life of three collapsed structures were estimated. First a concrete structure similar to a building that was located in the Metropolitan Area of Recife (Brazil) and then the total service life of an balcony from a building located at the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) using both the Factor Method and the alternative equation, and finally the total service life of the basement and superstructure of specific buildings called box from the Metropolitan Region of Recife using the Delphi Method together with the Factor Method was realized too. In the second case, the service life estimation of a softwood window was done using the FM and the alternative equation, other estimations of service life were done the same way by using the alternative equation and the FM. Despite the equations presented in this Work have been developed specifically to estimate service life of materials and components, the estimates showed that the precision of the total service life of the first case approximated to the real case studies, proving the potentiality of the methods
Mentré, David. "Une méthode de construction des mémoires partagées intégrant spécification, vérification et réalisation." Rennes 1, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001REN1A005.
Full textZarzar, Júnior Fuad Carlos. "Metodologia para estimar a vida útil de elementos construtivos, baseados no método dos fatores." Universidade Católica de Pernambuco, 2007. http://tede2.unicap.br:8080/handle/tede/26.
Full textThis Work, based on parts of the ISO 15686, presents and discuss about a deterministic method, Factor Method (FM), that permits to predict material service life and their components and planning their maintenance and replacement necessary periodicity. The precision of the estimates of this method was analyzed in this Work, and an alternative equation to evaluate service life was developed, using multiple linear regression (MLR), derived from FM pertaining to ISO 15686-1 and especially the Factor Method. The MLR is broadly used to evaluate products that interact with independents variables. Finally, this alternative equation was used to compare its estimate random results with the FM random ones. After evaluating the examples on chapter 4, the Author noticed that the Factor Method is very important to estimate service life of materials and components and the alternative equation too. Two case studies were done in this Work, in the first case the total service life of three collapsed structures were estimated. First a concrete structure similar to a building that was located in the Metropolitan Area of Recife (Brazil) and then the total service life of an balcony from a building located at the city of Rio de Janeiro (Brazil) using both the Factor Method and the alternative equation, and finally the total service life of the basement and superstructure of specific buildings called box from the Metropolitan Region of Recife using the Delphi Method together with the Factor Method was realized too. In the second case, the service life estimation of a softwood window was done using the FM and the alternative equation, other estimations of service life were done the same way by using the alternative equation and the FM. Despite the equations presented in this Work have been developed specifically to estimate service life of materials and components, the estimates showed that the precision of the total service life of the first case approximated to the real case studies, proving the potentiality of the methods
Este Trabalho, baseado nas determinações da norma ISO 15686, apresenta e discute um método determinístico, o Método dos Fatores (MF), que permite estimar a vida útil de materiais e componentes e planejar a periodicidade necessária de manutenção e substituição dos referidos materiais e componentes. A precisão das estimativas desse método foi analisada, neste Trabalho. Uma Equação Alternativa para estimar a vida útil, também, foi desenvolvida, usando regressão linear múltipla (RLM), derivada do MF pertencente a ISO 15686-1. A RLM é, largamente, usada para avaliar ou estimar produtos que interajam com variáveis independentes. Finalmente, a supra mencionada Equação Alternativa foi utilizada para comparar os resultados aleatórios de suas estimativas com os resultados aleatórios das estimativas do MF. Analisando os exemplos do Capítulo 4, constatou-se que o Método dos Fatores é muito importante para estimar a vida útil de materiais e componentes, e a Equação Alternativa, também. Foram efetuados dois estudos de casos diferentes. No primeiro caso as vidas úteis totais de três estruturas de concreto que colapsaram foram estimadas. Primeiro a vida útil total de um edifício similar ao que colapsou na Região Metropolitana do Recife (PE), depois a vida útil total da varanda de um prédio, construído na Cidade do Rio de Janeiro (RJ) usando o MF e a Equação Alternativa. Finalmente, foi feita, também a estimativa da vida útil total do embasamento e superestrutura de prédios do tipo caixão (exemplo nº4), que colapsaram na Região Metropolitana do Recife, usando o Método Delphi em conjunto com o Método dos Fatores. No segundo caso, foram feitas as estimativas das vidas úteis de uma janela de madeira mole, usando ambos o MF e a Equação Alternativa. As demais estimativas de vida útil das outras estruturas de concreto foram conseguidas da mesma forma. As estimativas de vida útil total do primeiro caso se aproximaram dos casos reais estudados, apesar de as equações apresentadas neste Trabalho terem sido desenvolvidas, exclusivamente, para estimar a vida útil de materiais e componentes, provando, assim, a potencialidade das estimativas.
Nazarala, Nazer Gabriel Alfonso. "Análisis de Tecnologías para Optimizar los Métodos Constructivos Aplicados a la Construcción de Edificios Comerciales de Mediana Altura." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2008. http://repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103056.
Full textRuano, Peña Daniela Valentina. "Análisis de los Plazos de Construcción de Edificios en Chile y su Relación con los Métodos Constructivos Utilizados." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2010. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/103722.
Full textAyed, Abderrahmen. "Méthode d'étude mécanique et physico-chimique de l'interface acier béton." Toulouse 3, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993TOU30329.
Full textFanti, Fábio Dollinger. "Concepção, métodos construtivos e dimensionamento de terminais para contêineres." Universidade de São Paulo, 2007. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/3/3144/tde-14012008-101326/.
Full textThe present paper intends to show the main stages of port design, particularly, a container terminal (quay and back area). Therefore, it was done a research about the current structures types so it can be better to understand the development process of these structures during the years and which types are more appropriate to each condition. For each function of the port there are particulars actions and combinations to consider. However, a container terminal is very different from a petroleum one. Therefore, it intended to show the most important types from a container terminal, which is the aim of this research, considering the NBR-9782 and NBR-8681 rules recommendations. Another important fact, which has to be mentioned, is about the foundations, especially those related to geotechnical issues involved. Therefore, it was intended to present a general view of the main problems found so far and discuss some solutions for each case. Finally, it was suggested a method to model a kind of structure very used nowadays (a marble slab system and premolded beams settled over piles) through a group of model plans a checking space model.
Penela, Rúben Emanuel dos Anjos. "Equity research - Mota Engil SGPS SA : construction sector in the EU with Brexit." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/14578.
Full textEste projecto contêm uma avaliação detalhada da Mota-Engil S.G.P.S.,S.A., de acordo com o projecto de trabalho final do programa de Mestrado de Finanças do ISEG. Este relatório foi elaborado de acordo com as recomendações do CFA Institute e com a informação pública disponível a 3 de Fevereiro de 2017, qualquer informação ou evento posterior a esta data não foi considerada. Mota-Engil SGPS é uma empresa portuguesa que se foca em duas áreas de negócio: Engenharia e Construção e Ambiente e Serviços. O grupo ME divide-se em quatro segmentos distintos, nomeadamente Engenharia e Construção na Europa, Ambiente e Serviços na Europa, África e América do Sul. O preço-alvo foi obtido utilizando um método de avaliação absoluto, mais especificamente o método dos Fluxos de Caixa Descontados (DCF) para avaliar cada uma das diferentes regiões e a soma das partes para determinar o valor total da empresa. Para completar a análise dos Fluxos de Caixa Descontados foi determinado um grupo de empresas comparáveis, em cada um dos segmentos de negócio e avaliado segundo um método de avaliação relativo. Com um preço alvo final de €2.35, representando um potencial de valorização de 42% face ao preço corrente de €1.65 a recomendação final para o Grupo Mota-Engil S.G.P.S.,S.A. é de Compra, apesar dos riscos que possam ocorrer. Os efeitos relacionados com o Brexit, nomeadamente as receitas na Europa e custo de capital foram enfatizados de forma a avaliar o seu impacto no preço-alvo, concluindo que não eram significativamente relevantes para a avaliação.
This project contains a detailed evaluation of Mota Engil S.G.P.S.,S.A., according to ISEG´s Master in Finance final work project. This report was written in accordance with the recommendations of the CFA Institute and in accordance with the public information available on February 3rd, 2017, thus any information or event subsequent to this date has not been considered. Mota-Engil SGPS is a Portuguese company focused on the two core business areas Engineering & Construction (E&C) and Environmental & Services (E&S). The multinational group ME divides its operations into four segments, namely Europe E&C, Europe E&S, Africa and LATAM. The target price was obtained using an absolute valuation method, more specifically the method of Discounted Cash Flow (DCF) to determine the value of each region and then the sum of the parts approach to determine the value of the whole company. To complement the DCF analysis was determined a group of peer companies for each each of the business segments and followed a multiples approach valuation. With a final target price of €2.35, representing an upside potential of 42% from the current price of €1.65 on February 3rd, 2017, the final recommendation for Mota-Engil S.G.P.S.,S.A. is Buy, despite the high risks that may occur. The effects regarding the uncertainty with the Brexit, namely revenues in Europe and cost of capital were stressed in order to evaluate the impact in the final target price, concluding that they were not significantly relevant to the valuation.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Saib, Mahdi-Salim. "Construction d'une méthode de caractérisation des inégalités territoriales, environnementales et sociales de santé." Thesis, Amiens, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015AMIE0003/document.
Full textThe objective of this thesis is to explore spatial indicator crossing-analysis techniques in order to characterize the accumulation and the interrelations of the territorial, environmental and social health (TESHI).This analysis implies to set up integrated approaches based on data representativeness, techniques adapted to specificities of aggregated data, and relevant modeling of the characterized phenomena. A specific aspect of this work is the development of a tool allowing the integration of spatial phenomena at different levels (local, regional and loco-regional). In this project, a pilot study is presented on the Picardy region. The tool has been tested for the analysis of TESHI, thus validating the methodology feasibility and the adaptation of approaches implemented while providing additional keys of interpretation to the relative limits of direct appropriation of the results by the managers
Khnaisser, Christina. "Méthode de construction d'entrepôt de données temporalisé pour un système informationnel de santé." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/8386.
Full textCastro, Eduardo Breviglieri Pereira de. "Método de auxílio à concepça︣o arquitetônica baseado na análise multicritério e em dados simulados dos comportamentos da edificaça︣o." Lyon, INSA, 2005. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/2005ISAL0024/these.pdf.
Full textThe study of architectural conception shows that, during its first stages, tools are rarely used to analyze quantitatively or qualitatively the project alternatives. However, it is in these initial phases of the conception process that important decisions are taken and will deeply influence the building behavior in terms of energy consumption and ambient comfort. Therefore, it is important to have a method that can assist the designer to choose an architectural solution that will turn into a building that presents a good performance related to those criteria. This work presents an architectural conception aiding method to be used in the initial phase of a building design. It is based on a multicriteria analysis method for the ranking of the project alternatives. The considered criteria were: the thermal comfort; the visual comfort; the amount of natural light; the air quality and the electricity consumption. The performances of each project solution related to these criteria were obtained by means of simulation. The computational codes used in the research were developed within the thesis or consisted of commercial programs (TRNSYS 15). The differences between the architectural designs are given by some building parameters generally available during the sketch phase, like building orientation, wind direction, windows sizes and the type of environment climatization. The application of the method is based on general rules of behavior derived from the simulated performances of the construction. An example of the method application is presented. The architectural typology considered was a multi-story office building. The simulations were carried out considering the hot humid climate conditions of Rio de Janeiro. Both the simulation results and some tendency rules describing the building behaviors are shown, in the form of curves and graphs. Finally, a microcomputer code is presented implementing the method in the form of a computational tool to aid conceptors during the first stages of building design
Claudino, Véras Juliana. "Método para la evaluación de riesgos laborales en obras de construcción de grandes viaductos." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/96991.
Full textEn este trabajo se ha desarrollado un método para la evaluación de riesgos laborales en obras de construcción. Éste método facilita un sistema de análisis exhaustivo de aquellas situaciones que puedan resultar en accidentes graves. Su principal característica es la integración de la legislación de prevención de riesgos laborales de tres marcos jurídicos, asociada al seguimiento de los métodos constructivos. Está estructurado en tres etapas: protocolo, sistema de análisis de datos y procedimiento de control de riesgos. El protocolo aporta una sistemática para la evaluación in situ, a través de requisitos para la identificación y valoración de la gravedad de los factores que puedan contribuir a un accidente. Igualmente permite la identificación de los trabajadores en las áreas de riesgos. El sistema de análisis de datos es una herramienta que procesa las informaciones originadas por el protocolo. Resulta en un conjunto de indicadores cuantitativos que caracteriza el ambiente laboral. Tiene como importante característica la aplicabilidad a otras actividades productivas además de a la construcción. El principal indicador facilitado por el método es el índice global de seguridad (Is). Se ha desarrollado una formulación representativa de las características del ambiente evaluado, que traduce muy eficazmente su nivel de seguridad. Para ello se ha desarrollado un rango de clasificación a partir del análisis de numerosas evaluaciones de riesgos. Se ha realizado un detallado estudio de los parámetros que componen la formulación, comprobando su coherencia conceptual y matemática, y la influencia de un parámetro sobre los demás. La tercera parte del método es un procedimiento de control de riesgos, que establece un plan de acción sobre las irregularidades identificadas en la evaluación. La primera versión del método fue testada en seis obras de construcción de puentes y viaductos. Identificados los ajustes necesarios, se verificó la eficacia de la versión definitiva con la aplicación por dos veces, en dos obras, un puente y un viaducto. Se ha concluido la validación del método a través de una encuesta realizada con los responsables de la prevención de accidentes de las dos obras, y a través de su comprobación respecto a los criterios propuestos por un modelo de validación de investigación operativa. De todo lo anterior, se han extraído conclusiones desde la fundamentación teórica del método, hasta los resultados obtenidos en evaluaciones de riesgos realizadas en obras de construcción de puentes y viaductos.
Del, Pino Stéphane. "Une méthode d'éléments finis pour la résolution d'EDP dans des domaines décrits par géométrie constructive." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066099.
Full textSouley, Mountaka. "Modélisation des massifs rocheux fracturés par la méthode des éléments distincts : influence de la loi de comportement des discontinuités sur la stabilité des ouvrages." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993INPL091N.
Full textHazouard, Mathieu. "Conception et réalisation d'amplificateurs micro-ondes de puissance à l'aide de la méthode des fréquences réelles." Bordeaux 1, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002BOR12434.
Full textMosaner, Fabio Ferreira Lins. "O desenho como método de estudo: Antônio Luiz Dias de Andrade e a arquitetura do Vale do Paraíba." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16138/tde-24012013-142230/.
Full textThis thesis discusses the subject of drawing as a method of architectural study. It investigates the practice of drawing as a catalyst for knowledge and an integrated tool to form and expand an architect\'s repertoire. The research object elected is an inventory, regarding the architecture of Vale do Paraiba, made by architect Antonio Luis Dias de Andrade (1948-1997), in the 1970s. The object studied consists of 1270 drawings, which are part of the first inventories promoted by CONDEPHAAT, Council for the Defense of Historical, Archeological, Artistic and Tourism. Heritage for the State of Sao Paulo, in order to register the architecture of this state. Within the vast universe of drawing, this study specifically approaches drawings of cognitive purpose. When defining the drawings of Vale do Paraiba developed by Antonio Luiz Dias de Andrade as object of study, we aim at understanding in what ways the drawing was used by this architect as his core method of study. From the analysis of these records, we seek to identify the work methodology used to understand the relationship between the records and the context in which these were produced. We analyze the drawings based on three aspects: 1) the drawing as a graphic record, understanding how and what the constituent elements of this language-information are, which are intrinsic to each drawing (according to Massironi); 2) as a series of drawings, represented by their sets and mappings; 3) the time, place and circumstances in which these drawings were produced. Therefore, we aim at identifying and contextualizing them according to historic time. In the first chapter, we discuss the years of experience of Dias de Andrade in transit between the university and the Council for the Defense of Historical, Archeological, Artistic and Tourism Heritage, until the beginning of his studies in Vale do Paraiba; then we describe the field surveys and their itineraries, and present the criteria used for analyzing these drawings. In the second chapter, we analyze the types of drawings by graphic representation used, noting its constitutive elements and identifying the logic of its use. In the third chapter, the drawings are analyzed according to objects inventoried - from the choice of series of drawings to the representation of certain objects, trying to identify the method used to conduct the studies. In the fourth chapter, we discuss the consequences related to the experience of these studies and the role of drawing in the professional career of Dias de Andrade.
Cruzado, Ramos Lesly Fiorela. "Evaluación de desempeño de sostenibilidad en proyectos de edificación, integrando la filosofía Lean Construction y la gestión sostenible usando el método Delphi." Master's thesis, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.12404/14767.
Full textTesis
Dridi, Raouf. "Utilisation de la méthode d'équivalence de Cartan dans la construction d'un solveur d'équations différentielles." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00264288.
Full textEn pratique, plusieurs difficultés apparaissent. Tout d'abord, le calcul des quadratures ainsi que l'intégration des systèmes d'EDP (même linéaires) n'est pas chose facile. De ce fait, il arrive souvent que le solveur se contente de retourner en sortie des résultats partiels, en particulier lorsque la dimension du (pseudo)groupe de symétries de l'équation à résoudre est petite. Enfonçons le clou : lorsque cette dimension est nulle, les solveurs, tel qu'il sont conçus actuellement, sont incapables d'intégrer ou même de réduire l'ordre de l'équation.
Cette thèse s'inscrit donc dans l'effort d'amélioration des solveurs actuels. Nous allons présenter et montrer la faisabilité d'une architecture, totalement nouvelle, pour la conception d'un solveur d'équations différentielles basé sur la méthode d'équivalence de Cartan. Notre solveur utilise les invariants différentiels produits par la méthode de Cartan pour détecter l'existence d'une équation différentielle de la liste de Kamke, équivalente à l'équation que l'on veut résoudre et calculer le changement de variables qui réalise cette équivalence.
Ceci dit, le calcul du changement de variables est une question qui peut être délicate. En général, il est solution d'un système d'EDP. Nous montrons que lorsque le pseudo-groupe des transformations autorisées est choisi tel que le pseudo-groupe de symétries de l'équation cible est discret, intuitivement, le changement de variables s'obtient sans intégrer d'équations différentielles uniquement en résolvant des équations algébriques.
Giraud, Nelly. "Construction d'une méthode d'approche sémiotique des objets techniques : un cas d'étude : le micro-ordinateur." Limoges, 2004. http://www.theses.fr/2004LIMO2004.
Full textCastillo-Navetty, Oswaldo. "Csao : méthode pour la construction d'un système d'apprentissage opérationnel à partir d'une mémoire métier." Troyes, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006TROY0007.
Full textNowadays, most companies develop and apply strategies of knowledge management. In enterprises this knowledge is more and more seen in the form of “Corporate Memory”. My area of interest is centered around a kind of corporate memory known as “Professional Memory”. My thesis is based on knowledge appropriation taken from a professional memory. It involves supporting a novice employee by providing them with the expert knowledge of the domain, the “know how” so that he can perform tasks needed by the company. The goal is to use the principles of knowledge engineering, to transfer this knowledge to the employee. The alliance of these two approaches allows the development of a practical, performant, system of learning
Girod, Xavier. "Conception par objets : mecano : une Méthode et un Environnement de Construction d'ApplicatioNs par Objets." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 1991. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00339536.
Full textJassionnesse, Christophe. "Contrôle de la déformation du massif renforce par boulonnage au front de taille d'un tunnel : étude d'un cas réel en site urbain : exploitation des mesures et modélisation par une méthode d'homogénéisation." Lyon, INSA, 1998. http://www.theses.fr/1998ISAL0057.
Full textIn the framework of a real case study, the report tackles the design of underground works in urban areas from the two complementary points of view which are the induced ground movement’s limitations and the technical arrangements for the supporting process in difficult ground conditions. In the first part, an analysis of the phenomenon known as « induced movements » is introduced by a critical review of existing field measurement techniques. Then, the development steps of a borehole system for strains measurement in the ground mass ahead the tunnel face are presented. Afterwards, the principles of the « stationary analysis » of displacements in the face vicinity are formulated, taking in account measurement on the mass borders, i. E. The upper surface and the tunnel walls. These principles are applied to a large volume of collected data what conducts us to a final statement of ground loss sources and ground movements. In the second part, we study a particular technical arrangement, known as« tunnel face bolting ». This technique is defined in a more general framework as a « pre-confinment » tunneling method and as a « ground reinforcement » supporting technique. Next, in order to propose a mechanical modeling, a homogenization theory is presented by a review of its principles, basic assumptions and recent advances. Afterwards, we show how a simple formulation of interactions between ground matrix and reinforcement by a « load transfer limit criterium» leads us to a realistic improvement of the previous homogenized approaches. Based on these hypotheses, a model is intended to the tunnel face bolting through an equivalent problem, mostly simplified by geometric assumptions. Finally, a basic parametric study shows some aspects of the reinforcement work and its practical limitations