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1
Herrloff, Kerstin. "WikiLeaks Inside Julian Assange's War on Secrecy : A Translation Study of Metaphors and Metonomy in Two Newspaper Articles from the Guardian." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-14717.
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Abstract The purpose of this essay was to examine what methods might be used in translation from English to Swedish of two informative newspaper articles about current events, which took place in 2010 and 2011, viz. the publishing of secret documents on the Internet by JulianAssange and WikiLeaks. The study is based on Lakoff and Johnson’s theories on metaphorical concepts, presented in their work Metaphors We Live By (1980/2003), and the focus of the translation study is on metaphors and metonomy. The texts contain a large number of metaphors. Almost 100 of those have been listed in an Appendix, attached to this paper, and a great many of these metaphors were analysed. The special metaphor types of metonomy and personification were studied separately, as well as together with the rest of the metaphors. The theoretical model used was Vinay and Darbelnet’s theories of direct and oblique translation, comprising the following seven strategies: literal translation, borrowing, calque, transposition, modulation, equivalence and adaptation. Other theorists, whose professional expertise and experience proved useful in this work, were Munday, Newmark and Ingo. Parallel texts, monolingual dictionaries and the Internet were also most valuable in the translation process. Choosing the appropriate and correct vocabulary and expression in the target language was not always an easy task, and certain words and passages translated were revised on several occasions. As for the translation strategies used, equivalence was the most interesting one, and transposition should perhaps have been used to a larger extent. Literal translation was probably used most of them all.
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Sato, Ayako. "Toward a unified account of metonymy." Thesis, Bangor University, 2017. https://research.bangor.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/toward-a-unified-account-of-metonymy(409dbb06-d329-4c24-8b0c-809a73d3f284).html.
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From the perspective of cognitive linguistics, metonymy is a conceptual operation in which one entity maps onto the other entity within a single domain at the conceptual level. There are two related perspectives as to what motivates metonymy: metonymy as having a referential function and metonymy as being motivated by conceptual contiguity. However, there are some linguistic expressions that are less readily identifiable as being motivated in one of these ways. For example, many scholars (e.g., Gibbs 1990, Barnden 2010) argues that example (1) The creampuff didn’t even show up has a referential function, like metonymy, but is, in fact, an instance of metaphor. Analogously, in (2) Ann has her mother’s eyes, Warren (1999) argues the relationship between the inherited characteristic is motivated by both perceptual similarity and conceptual contiguity. What these two examples reveal is the following: First, metaphor can exhibit symptoms normally attributed to metonymy, and second, there appears not to always be a clear distinction between where metonymy ends and metaphor begins. This observation leads to a number of outstanding questions. First, is metonymy in fact a unified phenomenon? Second, if not, how are metonymies motivated? Third, how is metonymy related to other figurative phenomena, especially metaphor? I argue that metonymy, while constituting a unified phenomenon, nevertheless exhibits variation. In point of fact, I claim that examples (1) and (2) amount to distinct types of metonymy, which lie on a continuum. To answer the second question, I examine the nature of metonymic compositionality. I do so to show how metonymic linguistic ‘vehicles’ interface with the (nonlinguistic) conceptual level in the course of figurative language understanding. Finally, I explore the relationship between metaphor and metonymy. I argue that they are related in terms of occupying a continuum with different linguistic expressions and, on occasion, exhibiting symptoms of both.
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Denroche, Charles Thursby. "Metaphor, metonymy, language learning and translation." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2012. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10020697/.
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This thesis investigates the role of metonymy in communication, in creating text, in learner communication and in translation. I make the claim that metonymy, defined here as the ability to recognize part-whole relations between things, words and concepts, is the essential mechanism behind a whole variety of linguistic phenomena, normally dealt with in linguistics as distinct topics. In the General Theory of Metonymy presented here, I suggest that metonymy is a unifying principle behind how we process language. I discuss a range of data to demonstrate metonymy at work. I show that metonymic principles are not just in play in metonymic language but also in metaphoric and literal language. I argue that metonymy not only offers alternative ways of referring to entities, but is powerful in giving nuance and spin, and is the key to understanding why language is so fit for purpose in giving us the flexibility and subtlety so important in our social dealings with others. I illustrate the role metonymy plays in our lives by examining data from social and recreational activities where metonymy is central and seems to be explored for its own sake. In the Metonymic Theory of Learner Communication I propose that learner communication relies in a number of different ways on metonymic processing; and in the Metonymic Theory of Translation I propose that translation also relies heavily on metonymic processing. The burgeoning interest in metonymy in recent years has generated an extensive literature. This thesis attempts to make sense of this body of knowledge, offers an original synthesis of it, proposes how it might be developed and suggests practical applications of it. I suggest that a new discipline of Metonymics might emerge and that this could make a valuable contribution in reframing issues of debate in a variety of different areas of practice.
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Al-Sharafi, Abdul Gabbar Mohammed. "Towards a textual theory of metonymy : a semiotic approach to the nature and role of metonymy in text." Thesis, Durham University, 2000. http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/4509/.
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This thesis argues that the scope of metonymy throughout history remains severely reduced to a process of word substitution and the signifying potential of the trope is limited to lexical representation. The study therefore proposes a semiotic approach to take the trope beyond this limitation and to develop a textual theory to the trope. A background study related to how metonymy is treated in previous studies is therefore necessary. This review of literature covers a long period starting from ancient Greece and going up to the present day. Chapters one and two of this thesis, which give this general background, show that the hypothesis is to a large extent valid. The thesis then examines another related hypothesis which is that metonymy is semiotic in nature and a semiotic approach to metonymy will solve the problem of reductionism in the treatment of this trope. Chapter three is devoted to an examination of this hypothesis. It shows that a semiotic approach to metonymy is not only possible but also crucial. The semiotic approach to metonymy basically concerns the treatment of metonymy as a sign which cuts across three domains of representation. These are the domain of words, the domain of concepts and the domain of things or objects. The last domain is itself treated from a semiotic perspective to stand for the domain of context at large. on the basis of this semiotic approach to metonymy a textual model of metonymic relations in text is constructed. this model is put to the test in chapter four. here the metonymic relations of form for form, form for concept, form for thing, thing for form and concept for form are brought to bear on the formal and semantic connectedness of text. in chapter five the metonymic relations of concept for concept, concept for thing, thing for thing and thing for concept are used to explain how these metonymic relations interact to provide a linkage between language, cognition and context.
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Hamilton, Rachael Louise. "Colour in English : from metonymy to metaphor." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2016. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/7353/.
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Colour words abound with figurative meanings, expressing much more than visual signals. Some of these figurative properties are well known; in English, for example, black is associated with EVIL and blue with DEPRESSION. Colours themselves are also described in metaphorical terms using lexis from other domains of experience, such as when we talk of deep blue, drawing on the domain of spatial position. Both metaphor and colour are of central concern to semantic theory; moreover, colour is recognised as a highly productive metaphoric field. Despite this, comparatively few works have dealt with these topics in unison, and even those few have tended to focus on Basic Colour Terms (BCTs) rather than including non-BCTs. This thesis addresses the need for an integrated study of both BCTs and non-BCTs, and provides an overview of metaphor and metonymy within the semantic area of colour. Conducted as part of the Mapping Metaphor project, this research uses the unique data source of the Historical Thesaurus of English (HT) to identify areas of meaning that share vocabulary with colour and thus point to figurative uses. The lexicographic evidence is then compared to current language use, found in the British National Corpus (BNC) and the Corpus of Contemporary American (COCA), to test for currency and further developments or changes in meaning. First, terms for saturation, tone and brightness are discussed. This lexis often functions as hue modifiers and is found to transfer into COLOUR from areas such as LIFE, EMOTION, TRUTH and MORALITY. The evidence for cross-modal links between COLOUR with SOUND, TOUCH and DIMENSION is then presented. Each BCT is discussed in turn, along with a selection of non-BCTs, where it is revealed how frequently hue terms engage in figurative meanings. This includes the secondary BCTs, with the only exception being orange, and a number of non-BCTs. All of the evidence discussed confirms that figurative uses of colour originate through a process of metonymy, although these are often extended into metaphor.
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Pankhurst, Anne Fisher. "Metonymy : semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and stylistic perspectives." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/22540.
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The present research is concerned to define metonymy and discuss its functions in discourse. The theoretical background to the research is pluralist, including semantic, pragmatic, cognitive and stylistic approaches. Different theories are shown to account for conventional and creative realisations of metonymy in everyday discourse, as well as its functions in literary texts. Metonymy is traditionally described in rhetoric and poetics as a figure of speech but the scope of the term has been extended. It is used to describe a means of structuring narrative discourse (Jakobson 1956), and a generalised cognitive mechanism (Lakoff 1987). Recent claims that metonymy is itself a universally valid explanatory principle, based on the evidence of psycholinguistic experiments (Gibbs 1994), lead to consideration of how metonymy affects semantic and syntactic features of language. The thesis considers typological descriptions and explanations of metonymy in terms of general semantic relationships such as part for whole and cause for effect. Metonymy, traditionally a property of noun phrases, is shown to be present in different word categories and at different levels of discourse. Contiguity, a general principle on which metonymic relationships are based, is revised to include contiguity between physical entities and in their perception and interpretation. Metonymy as a naming and referring mechanism is shown to be a shortening device with cohesive functions, related to ellipsis. Contextualisation is reviewed and theories of domain presented. Referentiality is reconsidered with respect to the effects of metonymy. The thesis investigates whether principled distinctions may be made between metonymy and metaphor, and discusses the functions of metonymy in symbolic language. Arguments for its metafunctions in narrative structure are presented taking into account the presence of metonymy at word, phrase and sentence levels. A new way of analysing narrative through metonymy is proposed, and illustrated from literary works.
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Matzner, Sebastian. "The forgotten trope : metonymy in poetic action." Thesis, King's College London (University of London), 2012. https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/the-forgotten-trope(53e1697c-f369-49fe-853e-76cf5888de1b).html.
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This thesis seeks to advance literary theory and in particular the theory of poetic language by developing a theory of metonymy as a literary trope. After a critical assessment of available views on metonymy, the first part of the thesis sets out to explore and analyse the aesthetic status, structure and poetic function of metonymy on the basis of concrete literary material. Premised on the notion of poetic language as defamiliarisation and following the establishment of an operational definition of metonymy, a corpus of ancient Greek texts, chiefly from lyric poetry and tragedy, is examined and metonymic occurrences are isolated. Contrasting categories of metonymy are established as they emerge from the corpus and analysed in their individual structure and shared characteristics. Further examples from German poetry are adduced for illustration and comparison as and where appropriate. On this basis, a general theory of metonymy as a literary trope is developed, centred on the notion of contiguity as proposed by Jakobson but now re-interpreted as lexical contiguity: by way of revising the theory of semantic fields, it is suggested that metonymy is best understood as a shift within a semantic field, conceptualising the field itself as the result of regular collocations in ordinary usage. This proposition indicates why metonymy’s defamiliarising effects appear less intense than those of metaphor, explains the relevance of grammatical categories for metonymy and clarifies the relationship between metaphor and metonymy. The second part of the thesis refines this theory and considers some of its further implications in literary practice by assessing what happens to metonymy in translation, that is, under the impact of changed linguistic, syntactic and cultural contexts.
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Haser, Verena. "Metaphor, metonymy, and experientialist philosophy : challenging cognitive semantics /." Berlin : de Gruyter, 2005. http://www.loc.gov/catdir/toc/ecip054/2004029012.html.
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Biernacka, Ewa. "A discourse dynamics investigation of metonymy in talk." Thesis, Open University, 2013. http://oro.open.ac.uk/54728/.
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In marked contrast to metonymy research based on invented examples and intuitive judgments, this thesis presents a picture of metonymy in discourse derived from empirical analysis of authentic language. Using the discourse dynamics framework (Cameron 2010b), metonymy is investigated in a 17,889 word focus group discussion about the risk of terrorism. To aid and enrich the analysis of metonymic expressions identified in the focus group data, they are tracked in the Oxford English Corpus (OEC) and the Nexis UK database (Nexis®UK 2008). The research design applied in the thesis enables a multi-faceted appreciation of the phenomenon of metonymy in language. Responding to an important methodological issue and a gap in the field, the thesis develops and applies a metonymy identification procedure. and offers the first quantitative results to date for metonymy density in language. Findings illuminate the new metonymy category SPECIFIC DATE FOR EVENT HAPPENING ON THAT DATE, instances of interplay of metonymy and metaphor, and cases of what are termed cultural metonymies. The thesis also argues, however, that a vital part of the picture of metonymy is missed if the investigation does not pursue cases which are beyond the procedure. While many metonymies can be identified in discourse by following the procedure, the major advantage of the discourse dynamic framework is it can uncover varying forms of metonymy. Metonymy is found in speakers' use of pronouns in a process labelled .metonymic shifting of pronominal reference (MSPR) and it is involved in metonymic processing of scenarios and metonymic processing of stories stretching over longer fragments of talk. Complexity of metonymic language leads the research to an analytic level which has the potential of revealing more about the core of metonymy and its complex nature.
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Shannon, Patrick. "Metonymy and metaphor in the fiction of John Cheever." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1998. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk2/tape15/PQDD_0001/MQ39425.pdf.
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Whalen, Zach. "Play along video game music as metaphor and metonymy /." [Gainesville, Fla.] : University of Florida, 2004. http://purl.fcla.edu/fcla/etd/UFE0004911.
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Schultz, Malin. "Metaphor and metonymy : A study of figurative language in newspapers." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk och litteratur, SOL, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-16864.
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Lin, Wei. "A Cognitive Approach to Metaphor and Metonymy Related to the Human body." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Sektionen för Lärarutbildning, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-7812.
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Björklund, Elin Maria. "Metaphorical mountainscapes : Translating metaphors, similes and metonymy in an adventure travel guide." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-97999.
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This study examines the translation of an adventure travel guide from English to Swedish, focusing on the translation of conventional metaphors, original metaphors, metonymy and similes, with special attention to conceptual metaphors. The results show that most of the metaphors are reproduced in the target text, along with most of the metonymic segments and all similes. The findings suggest that the relatively high rate of metaphors and metonymy reproduced is due to a high degree of shared metaphorical concepts in source and target culture, whereas the decrease likely is due to an asymmetry in the preference of usage and degree of elaboration for these metaphors. The qualitative analysis shows that many conceptual metaphors fulfilled important functions in the source text, which confirms previous research that preserving the conceptual metaphors as much as possible in the translation process is essential in order to preserve all the functions of the source text. Analysis of metonymy and the personification of cities shows how the metonymic concept place for person is related to the central theme of personification and that this concept is likewise used to fulfill an important purpose of the source text, showing that metonymy is equally important to preserve in the translation process. The results of this study suggest that the choice of translation strategy in some cases is less dependent on category and more dependent on to what extent the cultural concepts that the metaphor/simile/metonymy is based on is similar/different, more/less elaborate or more/less preferred in source and target culture.
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Zarcone, Alessandra [Verfasser], and Sebastian [Akademischer Betreuer] Padó. "Event knowledge and models of logical metonymy interpretation / Alessandra Zarcone. Betreuer: Sebastian Padó." Stuttgart : Universitätsbibliothek der Universität Stuttgart, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1058859552/34.
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Rossiter, Edward. "A theory of nonsense." Thesis, University of Westminster, 1996. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319628.
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Burgess, Andrew. "Incarnational epistemologies : metaphor and metonymy in the mystical tradition of the Cloud of unknowing." Thesis, McGill University, 1991. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60614.
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The Cloud of Unknowing is in a very real sense a treatise on epistemology, and on the practical aspect of the communication which we call rhetoric. The Cloud draws upon the Platonic rhetorical tradition, which asserts that grasp of abstract truth gives value to human understanding and communication. Reality is above all transcendent, as mirrored in the kataphatic mystical tradition to which the Cloud belongs. The problem is that, if this "vertical" mode of knowing be set against the "horizontal" mode of knowing which in literary theory is generally labelled "metaphor", the existence of metaphoric approaches to reality in the Christian faith (which the Cloud author professes) seems inconsistent with the mystical tradition and Platonic rhetoric. However, a reconciliation of vertical and horizontal modes of knowing--of metonymy and metaphor--is effected, in theological terms, by an Incarnational dynamic involving creation and grace, and, in critical terms, by paradox and analogy.
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SEGURA, LAURA MELISSA PISSANI. "METAPHOR AND METONYMY IN VERBAL LOCUTIONS WITH BODY PARTS IN SPANISH: A COGNITIVE APPROACH." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2017. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=33747@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
CONSELHO NACIONAL DE DESENVOLVIMENTO CIENTÍFICO E TECNOLÓGICO
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Esta dissertação estuda locuções verbais da língua espanhola que apresentam alto grau de idiomaticidade e frequência de uso. O objetivo principal da pesquisa é investigar até que ponto processos cognitivos motivados por metáforas e metonímias são responsáveis pelo significado destas locuções. Para tal propósito, analisa-se um conjunto de locuções verbais da língua espanhola, tais como meter algo en la cabeza (meter algo na cabeça), cerrar la boca (fechar a boca) e abrir mano (abrir mão), que envolvem uma parte do corpo humano. As partes do corpo humano escolhidas para o conjunto de locuções para análise são cabeza (cabeça), boca (boca) e mano (mão). A fonte principal de coleta de dados é o Diccionario de la Lengua Española. O trabalho é realizado dentro da perspectiva teórica da Linguística Cognitiva e concebe a metáfora como um mapeamento conceptual entre dois domínios cognitivos com propriedades análogas; e a metonímia, como um processo mediante o qual uma entidade conceptual provê acesso a outra entidade conceptual dentro do mesmo domínio cognitivo. Na análise, descreve-se a estrutura das locuções, colocam-se exemplos da variedade das expressões e analisa-se o papel dos mecanismos da figuração mencionados na constituição do significado das locuções verbais selecionadas. Os resultados do trabalho constituem evidência para a relevância da metáfora e metonímia na constituição do significado das locuções verbais.
This thesis studies verbal locutions in Spanish with a high degree of idiomaticity and frequency of use. The main objective of this research is to investigate to what extent cognitive processes triggered by metaphors and metonymies are responsible for the meaning of these locutions. For this purpose, a set of verbal locutions in Spanish language is analyzed, such as meter algo en la cabeza (to put something in the head), cerrar la boca (to close the mouth) and abrir mano (to open the hand), that involve a part of the human body. The body parts chosen for the set of locutions to be analyzed are cabeza (head), boca (mouth) and mano (hand). The main source of data collection is the Diccionario de la Lengua Española. The work is carried out within the theoretical perspective of Cognitive Linguistics and conceives metaphor as a conceptual mapping between two cognitive domains with analogous properties; and metonymy, as a process whereby a conceptual entity provides access to another conceptual entity within the same cognitive domain. In the analysis, the structure of the locutions is described, examples of the variety of expressions are given, and the role of the mentioned mechanisms of figuration in the constitution of the meaning of the selected verbal locutions is analyzed. The results of this work constitute evidence for the relevance of metaphor and metonymy in the constitution of the meaning of verbal locutions.
Esta tesis estudia locuciones verbales en español, que presentan un alto grado de idiomaticidad y frecuencia de uso. El objetivo principal de este trabajo es investigar hasta qué punto los procesos cognitivos motivados por metáforas y metonimias son responsables por el significado de estas expresiones. Para tal propósito, se analiza un conjunto de locuciones verbales de la lengua española, tales como meter en la cabeza, cerrar la boca y abrir mano, que comprenden una parte el cuerpo humano. Las partes del cuerpo seleccionadas para el conjunto de expresiones, objeto del presente análisis, son cabeza, boca y mano. La fuente principal de recolección de datos es el Diccionario de la Lengua Española. El trabajo se realiza dentro de la perspectiva teórica de la Lingüística Cognitiva y concibe la metáfora como un mapeo conceptual entre dos dominios cognitivos con propiedades análogas; y la metonimia, como un proceso mediante el cual una entidad conceptual proporciona acceso para otra entidad conceptual dentro del mismo dominio cognitivo. En el análisis, se describe la estructura de las locuciones, se colocan ejemplos de la variedad de expresiones y se analiza el papel de la figuración de los mecanismos mencionados en la constitución del significado de las locuciones verbales seleccionadas. Los resultados de este trabajo son evidencia de la importancia de la metáfora y la metonimia en la constitución del significado de locuciones verbales.
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Hilliard, Amanda. "Using cognitive linguistics to teach metaphor and metonymy in an EFL and an ESL context." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2017. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/7830/.
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Developing an ability to understand and use metaphor is essential for successful language learning. While teachers/researchers have examined the effects of metaphor training in language classrooms, they have rarely embedded the instruction into a four skills language curriculum. To fill this gap, this study explores the effectiveness of metaphor instruction in developing reading, writing, listening, and speaking skills for both EFL and ESL learners. During this two-part study, the pre-test and post-test scores of an experimental group of 11 EFL students who received metaphor and metonymy instruction in the four skills were compared with a control group of 10 EFL students. Next, the test scores of two experimental groups of 11-12 ESL students who received metaphor and metonymy instruction in either reading and writing or listening and speaking were compared with two control groups of 12 ESL students. The thesis finds that explicit metaphor instruction can lead to modest improvements for some aspects of metaphor use. However, as different task types, genres, and topics were found to require different types and amounts of metaphor and metonymy use, the thesis also finds that it is essential to consider the nature of the communicative task when developing metaphor instruction.
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Kohler, Alan Thomas, and Alan Thomas Kohler. "What Lies Beneath: The Revelatory Power of Metonymy in Discourse, Language Planning, and Higher Education." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/626665.
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Metonymic and metaphoric language are thoroughly present in everyday
language, so much so that they hold in themselves strong explanatory capacity to
uncover and even influence underlying individual or social/cultural ideological
systems and beliefs about the world around us (Catalano & Waugh, 2013; 2014;
Lakoff & Johnson, 1980). The mapping systems involved in both metonymy and
metaphor provide access to conceptual and social heuristics that help us make
inferential and referential shortcuts (Littlemore, 2015), and thus these figurative
constructs are directly implicated as “natural inference schemas” that we engage
in the construction of meaning through written discourse (Panther & Thornburg,
2003). Further, these heuristics are environmental, social, and cognitively
appointed forces that shape how we understand things and how we work out
abstract concepts and how we reason and shape the world around us. Because of
this, metonymy and metaphor are crucial foci for any inquiry into how our
individual or systemic perceptions, attitudes, beliefs, and thought processes
(Catalano & Waugh, 2014, p. 407) are revealed through the written discourses in
our world.
But, while conceptual metaphor has enjoyed a great deal of attention over
the last several decades, research into what metonymy can reveal as a potent
participant in social and cognitive meaning-making has been comparatively
scarce—a notion that is especially disconcerting given strong recent evidence to
suggest that metonymy conceptually “leads the way” to metaphor (Mittelberg &
Waugh, 2009). Inspired by this, this dissertation project seeks reparation for
metonymy’s relative neglect as an effective tool for critical discourse analysts.
Through an exploration of metonymy’s critical relationship to online discourse,
internationalization in higher education, and language policy and planning, the
three studies that comprise this project seek to engage the “explanatory and
practical aims” of critical discourse analysis and to support the tireless work of such
analysis that attempts “to uncover, reveal or disclose what is implicit, hidden or
otherwise not immediately obvious in relationships of discursively enacted
dominance [and] their underlying ideologies” (van Dijk, 1995).
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Menchaca, David Anthony. "A RHETORIC OF TECHNOLOGY: COERCION AND INTERVENTION IN TECHNOLOGY PRODUCTION AND UTILIZATION." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/194045.
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In this work I propose that the rhetoric of technology is a kind of machinery of meaning-making that creates symbolic technologies that exist parallel with, but are distinct from, the material technologies they represent. The creation of symbolic technologies is dynamic and influenced by multiple and disparate communicative and ideological operations ranging from the writing and reading of technical manuals to processes of cultural indoctrination. As such, I use Barry Brummett's Rhetorical Dimensions of Popular Culture to demonstrate that technology is a coercive cultural force I call techno-culture. Under the influence of techno-culture, technical manufacture must be viewed as technology production and technical use must be viewed as technology utilization. This reformulation of terms emphasizes the fact that technology is manufactured and used according to the preferred significations of techno-culture. Fortunately, as the rhetoric of technology uncovers the processes by which techno-culture propagates hegemonic structures, the rhetoric of technology also provides users and manufacturers with the means to intervene. Metaphor and metonymy, as modes of meaning-making, are those means.
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Forsell, Helena. "Étude sur la traduction des aspects culturels et la métonymie concernant un phénomène universel : le repas gastronomique." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-45962.
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Abstract Title: How to translate cultural references Language: French Author: Helena Forsell University/Department/Year: Linnaeus University/School of Language and Literature/2014 The main focus of this paper has been to find out which difficulties the translator comes across when trying to find cultural references that will apply in the target text. Since the original text treats a cultural aspect concerning the French gastronomic meal, the aim has also been to find out whether a deeply human trait, such as eating a meal in the company of others, produces translation problems despite a fairly common ground between French and Swedish culture. The source text used in this study is Convention pour la Sauvegarde du Patrimoine culturel immatériel, Dossier de Candidature n◦00437, which was published in 2010 and translated into Swedish in 2014. The main translation strategies used are adaptation, equivalence, addition and omission. Keywords: Cultural adaptation, translation strategies, reference, metonymy.
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Lin, Cheng-wen. "Metaphor and metonymy in Taiwanese political communication a case study of the 2004 Taiwanese presidential election." Thesis, University of York, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.533521.
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Hermansson, Marleen. "Metaphor and Metonymy Related to the Concept of Anger in the Television Series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-149228.
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This study explores uses of metaphor and metonymy related to the concept of anger in the American television series Teenage Mutant Ninja Turtles from 2012. The theoretical framework of the study is Conceptual Metaphor Theory. The data consists of metaphors and metonymies in the verbal and the pictorial mode. The pictorial data are visual expressions of the type called pictorial runes. In both modes, the underlying conceptual metaphors are identified, and the results are then compared between modes. The main finding is that the verbal mode contains a greater variety of metaphorical expressions. Explanations suggested for differences found between modes are: different technical possibilities of the two modes; universality in the pictorial mode and language specific metaphors as well as universal ones in the verbal mode; a connection of pictorial and verbal data respectively to different genres within the series; and the different narrator roles between the two modes.
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Michl, Diana [Verfasser]. "Non-Literalness in Idioms: Do Metaphor and Metonymy Make a Difference to their Perception and Semantic Processing? / Diana Michl." Berlin : Freie Universität Berlin, 2020. http://d-nb.info/1223453170/34.
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Fukada, Chie. "The Cognitive Basis of Semantic Extension in Natural Language - With Special Reference to Conceptual Metaphor and Metonymy in English." Kyoto University, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/149866.
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Kyoto University (京都大学)0048
新制・課程博士
博士(人間・環境学)
甲第9658号
人博第142号
13||127(吉田南総合図書館)
新制||人||35(附属図書館)
UT51-2002-G416
京都大学大学院人間・環境学研究科人間・環境学専攻
(主査)教授 山梨 正明, 助教授 三谷 惠子, 助教授 北山 忍
学位規則第4条第1項該当
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McMillin, Taylor Rae. "The Dangers of International Awards: A Lesson from Aung San Suu Kyi’s Nobel Peace Prize." Thesis, North Dakota State University, 2019. https://hdl.handle.net/10365/31631.
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Having spent over 20 years under house arrest fighting for democracy in Myanmar, Aung San Suu Kyi has been a bastion for peace for decades. She has received many international awards, including the Nobel Peace Prize in 1991, which she accepted in person in 2012. The plight of the Rohingya, a Muslim minority in Myanmar, has marred Suu Kyi’s reputation as a bastion of peace, leading to calls for her to lose her Peace Prize. Why is it that Suu Kyi’s image as the future of peace so different from reality? That question is what this research attempts to answer. Through a rhetorical analysis of Suu Kyi’s Nobel lecture and the media coverage that followed it, the impact of the use of tropes becomes evident. Metonymy, synecdoche, and narrative emerge in both the lecture and media coverage. Suu Kyi’s use of tropes heavily influences public perception of her.
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Lash, Dominic. "Metonymy as a creative structural principle in the work of J.H. Prynne, Derek Bailey and Helmut Lachenmann with a creative component." Thesis, Brunel University, 2010. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/4668.
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This thesis takes the linguistic concept of metonymy and examines its potential as a creative structural principle both in poetry and in music. I explore the role of metonymy in the work of the poet J.H. Prynne, the improvising guitarist Derek Bailey, and the composer Helmut Lachenmann. I have also deployed some of the ideas arising from this exploration in a modular composition for improvisers entitled Representations, recordings of which accompany this thesis. My argument is that metonymy provides a means by which a work of poetry or of music can be highly sensitive to the world which it inhabits, but can do so by itself being an inextricably linked part of this world, rather than an attempt to reproduce or represent it, or to simply pass judgement from the sidelines. In my introduction I outline the literary theory of metonymy. I discuss the way that metonymy encompasses relationships both of contiguity and causality, and make the case that the many limitations inherent in metonymy (which have often led to its being perceived as inferior to metaphor) can in fact be seen as advantanges, because of the way that they can bind the work of art to the real. I briefly discuss some previous applications of metonymy to music, and outline an understanding of musical metonymy based on linear dissimilarity, historical and social contiguity, the origins and agency behind particular sounds, and an occlusion of the structural middleground. The first chapter discusses the work of J.H. Prynne. I argue that a use of metonymy as a productive constraint is illuminated by a philosophical position according to which the world is known to be real because of the resistances it presents to the actualisation of our desires. I discuss the role of metonymy in the development of Prynne’s poetic oeuvre, before illustrating my argument with a detailed analysis of the 2001 sequence Unanswering Rational Shore. In the second chapter I turn to the work of Derek Bailey. Drawing heavily on unpublished items from the Incus archive, I demonstrate the meticulous way in which Bailey constructed his improvisational vocabulary, and the senses in which that vocabulary and its deployment could be characterised as metonymic. I explore the influence on Bailey of Stockhausen, Beckett and Musil, and show how form and material in his work are inextricably entwined. The third chapter examines the work of Helmut Lachenmann and in particular the 1992 composition „... zwei Gefühle ...“, Musik mit Leonardo. I examine the role of the listener and the productive activity that metonymic structures require of them. I focus on Lachenmann’s deployment both of actual and pseudo-causality in his music, as well as his use of historical reference in an indexical fashion. In my fourth chapter I present my composition for improvisers, Representations. I discuss its mechanics, development, and influences, and I set forth its relationship to the concepts of musical metonymy I have elucidated in the body of this thesis, under the headings of “arbitration”, similarity, referentiality and the relationship between material and the middleground. In a short concluding chapter I take another angle on the links between the themes of this thesis by discussing the role of rubbish in the work of Prynne, Bailey and Lachenmann, and its apparently paradoxical relationship with a certain concept of purity. This allows me to conclude by considering the relationship of metonymic structures to a conception of truth which, I believe, has a certain urgency in the contemporary artistic climate.
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Jodar, Sanchez Jose Antonio. "Que comenca ja la pel·li! A frame-based study of Catalan and Spanish begin-verbs and the situation-entity metonymy." Thesis, San Jose State University, 2014. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=1560840.
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In generative and cognitive literature, the so-called logical metonymy has been explained via coercion, frames, and pragmatic inferences. The prototypical case, Mary began the book, is understood as "Mary began reading/writing the book". Our aim is to also account for non-prototypical cases with non-physical objects such as Que comença ja la pel˙li! "The movie is about to start!" which is understood as the movie is about to start to be shown, through the use of real language data. For that we propose the metonymic pattern ENTITY FOR SITUATION IN WHICH THE ENTITY IS INVOLVED and make use of Framenet frames. In Chapter Two we review the current understanding of conceptual metonymy, focusing on predicative metonymy and its subtype, logical metonymy. In Chapter Three we analyze all syntactic frames of begin-verbs in Catalan and Spanish. In Chapter Four we detail only the semantic frames of those same verbs where situation-event metonymies appear, both in the subject and object function. Finally, two processing schemas and a series of examples illustrating each of the types of metonymic sources are presented in Chapter Five. Our corpus search shows that not only prototypical affected entities such as a book can act as metonymic sources, but also temporal nouns like Spanish etapa "stage", locative nouns like Spanish término municipal "municipality", and reified processes like Catalan contactes "contacts" do as well. Whereas these latter ones are semantically quite explicit and the retrievable action in each case is very limited, the former ones are much less explicit and require more cognitive effort on behalf of the addressee.
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Rossetti, Morgana. "Metáforas e metonímias da felicidade: um estudo de língua e cultura." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UCS, 2006. https://repositorio.ucs.br/handle/11338/183.
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Com o intuito de explicitar a relação entre metáfora e cultura, esta investigação aborda universalidade e variação na conceitualização metafórica e metonímica de felicidade. A análise é realizada a partir de dados coletados em entrevistas realizadas em Antônio Prado (RS) com 20 sujeitos ítalo-brasileiros e luso-brasileiros. Os resultados apontam tanto a universalidade quanto a variabilidade de conceitos metafóricos e metonímicos, revelando a forte ligação entre felicidade e aspectos culturais como família, trabalho e religião. A dimensão étnica não se mostrou significativa na variação, ficando encoberta pela dimensão social.Submitted by Marcelo Teixeira (mvteixeira@ucs.br) on 2014-05-13T19:34:46Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Dissertacao Morgana Rossetti.pdf: 926184 bytes, checksum: c1464d709c47c7fc1882da9f50b5f328 (MD5)
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Aiming at specifying the relation between metaphor and culture, this investigation approaches universality and variation in the metaphorical and metonymyal conceptualization of happiness. The analysis is made from data collected in interviews hold in Antônio Prado (RS), with 20 italian-brazilian and portuguese-brazilian people. The results point to both universality and variability of metaphorical and metonymyal concepts, revealing a strong connection between happiness and cultural aspects like family, work, and religion. The study shows that the ethnical dimension is not outstanding in variation, and is covered up by social dimension.
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Silva, Pedro Henrique Sousa da. "O discurso de torcedores vítimas da violência no futebol à luz da teoria dos sistemas adaptativos complexos e da teoria da integração conceitual: em busca da emergência de metáforas e ou metonímias sistemáticas." www.teses.ufc.br, 2013. http://www.repositorio.ufc.br/handle/riufc/8215.
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SILVA, Pedro Henrique Sousa da. O discurso de torcedores vítimas da violência no futebol à luz da teoria dos sistemas adaptativos complexos e da teoria da integração conceitual: em busca da emergência de metáforas e ou metonímias sistemáticas. 2013. 115f. – Dissertação (Mestrado) – Universidade Federal do Ceará, Departamento de Letras Vernáculas, Programa de Pós-graduação em Linguística, Fortaleza (CE), 2013.Submitted by Márcia Araújo (marcia_m_bezerra@yahoo.com.br) on 2014-06-05T12:36:59Z No. of bitstreams: 1 2013_dis_phssilva.pdf: 1783821 bytes, checksum: 3cb615b314568a9168c85b689125d28a (MD5)
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The discourse can be seen as a complex adptive system, which adapts itself in function of the contextual needs interconnected into the discoursive flow. Each speaker contributes to the discourse in a complex, dynamic and dialogical way, through the historical, sociocultural and ontogenetical dimension, in which they insert themselves. Thus, metaphors and metonyms seem to emerge in the discourse from the interaction among conceptual and linguistic systems, considering a negotiation among the speakers. According to Cameron (2003, 2007, 2008), systematic metaphor can be understood as a web of linguistic metaphors or metonymys that are connected to the discoursive topics in the discourse. The systematic metaphor can also be considered as pattern or a conceptualization that emerge in the discourse by the interactions among the speakers. That conceptualization is ad hoc and stabilizes itself temporarily, emerging by interactions among various systems connected into the discourse, in which Cameron emphasizes the discoursive system and the cognitive system. However, Cameron does not specify which cognitive displays could have been used to emerge the conceptualization. In this sense, this research raises the hypothesis that systematic metaphor approach can explore the conceptualization of violence in the football only in the discoursive plan. The second hypothesis is that Blending Theory, from Fauconnier and Turner (2002, 2007), can clarify the gaps left by systematic metaphor in respect to the cognitive displays. It is also defended the hypothesis that the systematic metaphor can be seen as a systematic metonymy. The vision of Morin (2013) about system and its implications was considered to the last hypothesis. Beyond this, it was also considered what Weaver (1948), Mitchel (2009), Larsen-Freeman e Cameron (2008) talk about complex adaptive systems. In order to verify the mentioned hypothesis, it was used the focal group investigation technique. The group was composed by 06 football supporters who talk about violence in the football. The discourse was recorded in audio and video, then transcribed according to the procedures listed by Cameron et al. (2009). The research is qualitative. The data analysis was guided follow a interface that has converge: Complex Adaptive Theory and the metaphor-led discourse analysis approach (CAMERON, 2003, 2007, 2008; CAMERON et al. 2009; CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010) and Blending Theory (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002)
A interação discursiva pode ser compreendida como sistema adaptativo complexo, de modo que adaptações ocorrem em função de variadas demandas contextuais interconectadas no fluxo discursivo. Cada interlocutor contribui com a interação, de forma complexa, sistemática e dialógica, através das dimensões socioculturais, históricas e ontogenética nas quais se insere. Nesse sentido, as metáforas e as metonímias presentes no fluxo discursivo parecem emergir a partir de uma negociação conceitual entre os interlocutores. Segundo Cameron (2003, 2007, 2008), a metáfora sistemática pode ser entendida como uma rede de metáforas linguísticas que emerge no fluxo discursivo, conectando-se a determinados tópicos discursivos, formando um padrão, ou seja, uma conceitualização que, ao emergir no e pelo discurso, alcança uma estabilidade temporária, sendo, portanto, fruto da interação entre diversos agentes e/ou subsistemas: pragmáticos, sociais, culturais, históricos e cognitivos. No entanto, Cameron não especifica que aparatos cognitivo-conceituais podem contribuir para a emergência da reportada conceitualização. Nesse sentido, este trabalho parte da hipótese de que a abordagem de metáforas sistemáticas pode dar conta da conceitualização da violência no futebol apenas no plano discursivo. A teoria da integração conceitual, de Fauconnier e Turner (2002, 2007) pode aclarar a base cognitivo-conceitual lacunada pelas metáforas sistemáticas, o que se configurou como uma hipótese desencadeada pela primeira. Também é defendida a hipótese de que a metáfora sistemática pode ser entendida, em certo aspecto, como metonímia sistemática. Para tanto, consideramos a visão de Morin (2013) no que diz respeito a sistema e suas implicações, bem como a perspectiva de Weaver (1948), Mitchel (2009), e, Larsen-Freeman e Cameron (2008) sobre sistemas adaptativos complexos. No intuito de verificar as mencionadas hipóteses, foi utilizada a técnica de investigação de grupo focal, formado por 06 torcedores que discutiram sobre violência no futebol. O discurso foi gravado em áudio e vídeo, depois transcrito segundo os procedimentos listados por Cameron et al. (2009). A pesquisa é de natureza qualitativa. Os dados são interpretados a partir de uma interface que converge: a Teoria dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos e a análise do discurso à luz da metáfora sistemática (CAMERON, 2003, 2007, 2008; CAMERON et al. 2009, CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010) e Teoria da Integração Conceitual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002).
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Murillo, Edelsvitha Partel. "Estudo toponímico do Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Petar: historicidade e etnicidade nos aspectos conceituais dos nomes de lugar." Universidade de São Paulo, 2013. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8139/tde-26052014-093131/.
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A região do Vale do Ribeira, ao sul do Estado de São Paulo, abriga a maior concentração de remanescentes de Mata Atlântica do Brasil. O Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira, Petar, entre os municípios de Iporanga e Apiaí, representa parte significativa desse bioma. Inserida nesse ambiente de mata preservada existe uma população que luta pelo resgate de sua história e identidade étnico-cultural. A nomenclatura toponímica, objeto desta pesquisa, determina significações atribuídas pelos grupos humanos que ocupam ou ocuparam a região configurando territorialidades específicas marcadas, principalmente, pelas comunidades rurais: grupos quilombolas que vivem na região desde os primórdios da colonização e pequenos agricultores que trabalham a terra para garantir a subsistência de sua família e da comunidade. Há, ainda, uma pequena comunidade urbana constituída, principalmente, por antigos moradores bastante identificados com as especificidades do lugar assim como grupos mais recentes ligados às atividades de pesquisa, turismo e espeleologia, grupos estes constituídos em função do Petar. Optou-se pela análise dos nomes de lugar levando-se em consideração as camadas toponímicas fundamentadas na historiografia da região, posto que as camadas explicariam as relações que, em diferentes épocas, o homem manteve com o lugar, pontuando interações importantes da população local com o ambiente: a primeira camada é marcada pela comunidade indígena que ocupava a região antes da chegada dos colonizadores europeus; a segunda está relacionado à chegada dos colonizadores, está implícita, nesse contexto, a comunidade negra que é decisiva na conquista dos territórios do Alto Ribeira, e a terceira relaciona-se à nova configuração da região como área de preservação ambiental e a constituição das Unidades de Conservação. As alterações ocorridas no espaço espelham as modificações que aconteceram na estrutura socioeconômica da comunidade e, consequentemente, estão refletidas na relação significante/significado do signo toponímico. Nesse sentido, o topônimo seria um elemento importante na constituição do conceptus do lugar. Seguiu-se a metodologia do Projeto ATESP, coordenado por Dick (1999), que tem por objetivo definir as origens dialetais e motivadoras das ocorrências toponomásticas do Estado de São Paulo. O Plano de Manejo do Parque Estadual Turístico do Alto Ribeira-Petar foi a base para o levantamento dos topônimos. Os dados históricos foram coletados em livros de vários autores, na prefeitura de Iporanga e, principalmente, em trabalhos acadêmicos desenvolvidos em universidades. Além disso, para que se pudesse compreender a complexidade do entorno do Petar, várias visitas ao local foram realizadas.Vale do Ribeira region, southern São Paulo, has the largest concentration of remaining Atlantic Forest of Brazil. Alto Ribeira Tourist State Park, Petar, between the municipalities of Iporanga and Apiaí represents a significant part of this biome. Inserted in this preserved forest environment there is a population who fights for the recovery of its history and ethno-cultural identity. Toponymic nomenclature, object of this research, determines meanings assigned by groups of people who occupy or occupied the region, setting specific territorialities marked mainly by rural communities: Maroons groups living in the region since the early days of colonization and small farmers who work the land for ensure the survival of their family and community. There is also a small urban community mainly consisting of ancient residents heavily identified with place specifics as well as newer groups linked to research activities, tourism and speleology, such groups constituted because of Petar. We decided for the analysis of place names taking into account toponymic layers grounded in the historiography of the region, since these layers explain the relations at different times man had with the place, drawing attention to important interactions of local population with the environment. The first layer is marked by the indigenous community who occupied the region before the arrival of European settlers; the second is related to the arrival of settlers, and has implicit the African community, decisive in the conquest of Alto Ribeira territories; the third is about the new configuration of the region as an area of environmental preservation and the establishment of Protected Areas. Changes in the space reflect the changes that happened in the socioeconomic structure of the community, consequently appearing in the signifier/signified relation inside the toponymic sign. In this regard, Toponym would be an important element in the constitution of the conception of the place. It was followed ATESP Project methodology, coordinated by Dick (1999), which aims to define dialectal origins and motivating occurrences in Toponomastics in São Paulo State. The Management Plan for Alto Ribeira Tourist State Park Petar was the basis for toponymic survey. Historical data were collected in various authors books, in Iporanga City Hall, and especially in academic papers developed at universities. Furthermore, so that one could understand the complexity surrounding the Petar, it was done several visits to Petar.
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Loundagin, G. John. "Signing the blues : toward a theoretical model based on the intertextuality of psycholinguistic metonymy and jazz phraseology for reading the texts of Jack Kerouac and Langston Hughes." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/897530.
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That marginalized discourse communities practice differing modes of communication is a claim recently argued; critics have focused on the trope of metonymy as a means of signifying a discriminated-against group's silenced status within the mainstream society. What seems to be ignored in this discussion is how differing media--literature, music, painting--constitute texts that cut across discursive space (the site of these media) in a similar fashion. By positing the intertextuality (i.e., the similarity) of psycholinguistic metonymy and jazz phraseology, this thesis demonstrates how literary texts issuing from marginalized discourse communities can speak their subjectivities' full names. In Langston Hughes' "The Blues I'm Playing," metonymy and jazz serve as methods of analysis which show the subject-object relationship in artistic production. Jack Kerouac's On The Road constitutes a narrative subjectivity that, like jazz music, metonymically disrupts itself as silences speak from the realm of an Other. By accounting for the similarities between metonymy and jazz, this thesis asserts that more accurate readings can be derived from literature issuing from discourse communities which use jazz to signify.Department of English
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Medeiros, Rilma do Nascimento. "O conceito de metonímia na neurose obsessiva." Universidade Federal da Paraíba, 2011. http://tede.biblioteca.ufpb.br:8080/handle/tede/6186.
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Obsessional neurosis is a psychic structure which establishes, in its way, the very peculiar use of the signifier. It is then through the symptom, the obsessive subject search subjectivating while desiring. The symptom, for Lacan, as well as the unconscious is structured like a language and tries to hold in itself the unconscious desire, that is, the symptom speach of the subject's relation to his desire. The unconscious language declare by two processes, namely metaphor and metonymy, through signifying chain of the speaker. Considering the metonymy as one of the processes that underlies the language of the unconscious, and the symptom as one of their formations, we study how the metonymic process takes place in obsessional neurosis. Initially we begin of the relationship between psychoanalysis and linguistics, to be from this field of knowledge that Lacan, along with the Freudian assumptions, built his theory regarding the constitution of the subject and the hypothesis of the unconscious structured like a language. We also established theoretically in the structural linguistics of the linguist Ferdinand de Saussure, especially with regard to the concepts of linguistic system and the associative and syntagmatic relations. To illustrate this work, we use fragments of clinical cases published in the psychoanalytic literature as examples to demonstrate the theoretical concepts about metonymy in obsessional neurosis.
A neurose obsessiva é uma estrutura psíquica que estabelece, a seu modo, o uso muito peculiar do significante. É então pela via do sintoma, que o sujeito obsessivo busca se subjetivar enquanto desejante. O sintoma, para Lacan, assim como o inconsciente, é estruturado como uma linguagem, e procura apreender em si o desejo inconsciente, isto é, o sintoma fala da relação do sujeito com seu desejo. A linguagem do inconsciente se manisfeta por dois processos, a saber, metáfora e metonímia, através da cadeia significante do falante. Considerando a metonímia como um dos processos que fundamentam a linguagem do inconsciente, e o sintoma como uma das suas formações, estudamos de que maneira o processo metonímico se dá na neurose obsessiva. Inicialmente partimos da articulação entre psicanálise e linguística, por ser a partir deste campo do saber, que Lacan, juntamente com os pressupostos freudianos, construiu sua teoria a respeito da constituição do sujeito e da hipótese do inconsciente estruturado como uma linguagem. Nos fundamentamos teoricamente também na linguística estrutural do linguista Ferdinand de Saussure, principalmente no que diz respeito aos conceitos de sistema linguístico e das relações sintagmáticas e associativas. Para ilustrar esse trabalho, utilizamos fragmentos de casos clínicos publicados na literatura psicanalítica, como exemplos para demonstrar os conceitos teóricos a respeito da metonímia na neurose obsessiva.
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Orava, Anderson Heidi. "Kick the Bucket or Cash in One's Chips : An analysis of some English slang expressions for dying." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148566.
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This research analyses some of the slang expressions with the meaning ‘to die’ found in Dictionary of Modern Slang with regard to metaphor and metonymy and whether they have been active when creating the identified slang expressions. It further examines the frequency of these expressions in a large language corpus, and identifies the processes involved in the most frequent expressions. The main findings show that the domain ‘departure’ is the most frequent domain for metaphorical conceptualizations of dying, which suggests that death, like life, can be viewed as a journey. One can speculate that this metaphorical mapping could go back to religious origin, where death is not seen as the end. Several of the expressions are still used within the English language, and the most frequent expressions in the corpus were metonymic in nature and have developed into idiomatic phrases, which are frozen in form.
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Devylder, Simon. "The PART-WHOLE Schema We Live Through : a Cognitive Linguistic Analysis of Part-Whole Expressions of the Self." Thesis, Lyon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LYSE3028.
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Bien que le Self soit une abstraction omniprésente de notre quotidien, il demeure complexe à définir. L'immense majorité des cultures du monde fait appel aux relations parties-tout afin de conceptualiser cette abstraction intime: nous catégorisons nos corps en tant que touts faits de parties, et réifions beaucoup d'aspects intangibles du Self au travers de l'image schéma PARTIE-TOUT (ex: "J'ai perdu une partie de moi ce jour là"; "je me sens entier"). Le Self et les relations parties-tout ont fait l'objet de nombreuses recherche à ce jour. Il convient donc, dans un premier temps, d'établir l'état de l'art en se focalisant sur un certain nombre de contributions influentes à ce sujet, qui nous permettront d'introduire les concepts et notions clés à partir desquels nous établirons notre hypothèse. Nous proposons une définition étroite de la relation partie-tout, puis, en accord avec le cadre théorique de la linguistique cognitive, nous proposerons que nous pouvons en apprendre sur la conceptualisation du Self en étudiant les expressions linguistiques qui y réfère. En effet, du point de vue de la linguistique cognitive, le sens et la conceptualisation ne font qu'un, et nous analysons donc les mécanismes conceptuels à l’œuvre dans les expressions partie-tout du Self. La linguistique cognitive a réconcilié la pensée et le corps en démontrant que la pensée était incarnée. Nous proposons ainsi d'analyser les expressions partie-tout que les anglophones utilisent pour conceptualiser le Self incarné. Nous montrons que l'anglais a des stratégies syntaxiques encodant la conceptualisation du corps en tant que tout fait de parties de manière très précises. Nous proposerons ensuite d'analyser les stratégies linguistiques que les anglophones utilisent pour faire référence à leur Self intangible. Nous soutenons que le schéma PARTIE-TOUT est omniprésent dans la conceptualisation du Self aussi bien dans ses aspects tangibles, qu'intangibles. Nous soutenons que ce schéma est un modèle récurrent hérité de notre expérience sensorimotrice au travers duquel nous vivons, et que ce système de conceptualisation est très précisément capturé par la langue que nous parlonsThe Self is a ubiquitous abstraction of our daily lives, and yet remains complex to define. The vast majority of the world’s cultures recruit a part-whole conceptualizing process to give shape to this intimate abstraction: we categorize our bodies as wholes made of parts, and we reify many aspects of our intangible Self through the PART-WHOLE schema (e.g. “I lost a part of me that can never be replaced”; “I feel whole”). The Self and part-whole relations have both received a considerable amount of attention. I first review influential contributions to both domains of investigation to introduce the theoretical background and key concepts, upon which I build my argument, and also raise some issues, which I propose to address throughout this dissertation. I propose a narrow definition for the part-whole relation, and following the cognitive linguistic literature, I argue that we can learn more about the way we conceptualize our Self by analyzing the linguistic expressions that refer to it. Indeed, from the standpoint of Cognitive Linguistics, meaning is conceptualization, and I thus analyze the conceptual mechanisms at work in part-whole expressions of the Self. Cognitive Linguistics has put back together the long divorced mind and body in Western culture by demonstrating that the mind is embodied. Accordingly, I first propose to analyze part-whole expressions that English speakers use to conceptualize the Embodied Self. I show that English has syntactic strategies that encode the conceptualization of the body as a whole made of parts at a fine level of granularity. I then propose to analyze linguistic strategies English speakers use to refer to their Intangible Self. In both tangible and intangible aspects of the Self I argue that the PART-WHOLE schema is a pervasive recurring pattern of our sensorimotor experience that we live through, and that this complex conceptual system is precisely encoded in language
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Pérez, Sánchez Juan Manuel. "Cambio semántico en el argot de Medellín (Colombia)." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/390955.
Full textAbstract:
La presente tesis doctoral tiene como objetivo analizar los mecanismos mediante los cuales se
generan nuevos significados en el argot de la ciudad de Medellín (Colombia), conocido como
parlache. Para ello se conformó un corpus lexicográfico extraído al contrastar el lemario del
Diccionario de Parlache (Castañeda & Henao, 2005) con el del Diccionario de la Real
Academia Española (DRAE) (2003). Tras la eliminación de homónimos y entradas iguales, se
analizaron las unidades que han desarrollado un nuevo significado en el parlache derivado de
alguno de los significados registrados en el DRAE y se establecieron y analizaron en detalle los
mecanismos semánticos (metáfora, metonimia, etc.) mediante los cuales se generaron los
significados argóticos. Con base en los resultados, se identificaron tendencias en la utilización
de los mecanismos y sub-mecanismos mediante los cuales se generan nuevos significados, se
compararon los resultados con estudios similares en lengua inglesa y se presentan líneas de
trabajo a futuro.L’objectiu de la present tesi doctoral és analitzar els mecanismes mitjançant els quals es generen els nous significats dins l’argot de la ciutat de Medellín (Colòmbia), conegut com parlache. Amb aquest objectiu, es va conformar un corpus lexicogràfic extret mitjançant el contrast del lemari del Diccionario de Parlache (Castañeda & Henao, 2005) amb el del Diccionario de la Real Academia Española (DRAE) (2003). Després d’eliminar els homònims i les entrades que coincidien en la seva totalitat, es van analitzar les unitats que han desenvolupat un nou significat dins del parlache el qual s’ha derivat d’algun dels significats enregistrats al DRAE, i es van establir i analitzar en detall els mecanismes semàntics (metàfora, metonímia, etc.) mitjançant els quals es van generar els significats argòtics. A partir dels resultats, es van identificar tendències en la utilització dels mecanismes i sub-mecanismes pels quals es generen nous significats, es van comparar els resultats amb els d’estudis semblants en llengua anglesa, i es presenten línies de treball a futur.
The main goal of this doctoral thesis is to analyze the semantic mechanisms operating in the development of new senses in the slang of Medellín (Colombia) known as parlache. To that end, a lexicographical corpus has been compiled through comparison of the lemma list of the Diccionario de Parlache (Castañeda & Henao, 2005) with the lemma list of the Spanish Royal Academy’s Dictionary (DRAE) (2003). After eliminating homonyms and entries the meaning of which was the same in both dictionaries, a thorough study was performed on units that have developed a new meaning in the slang of Medellín derived from a standard meaning previously registered in the DRAE. Thus, the semantic mechanisms (e.g. metaphor, metonymy) through which new slang meanings have been developed were analyzed in detail. Based on the study’s results, tendencies in the use of new sense-generating mechanisms and sub-mechanisms were identified. Additionally, the results were compared to those from similar studies in English. Finally, new avenues of work and research are suggested.
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Khan, David Michael. "Figuring Desire : psychoanalytic perspectives on the discourse surrounding Colin McCahon and Ralph Hotere." Thesis, University of Canterbury. Art History and Theory, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10092/10786.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis presents an interweaving of the discourse surrounding Colin McCahon and Ralph Hotere, the philosophy of art, and Lacanian psychoanalysis. In so doing, a Lacanian understanding of subjectivity, painting, discourse, and their interrelationships is elaborated in order to generate some new perspectives on, specifically, the work of McCahon and Hotere, and related writing and testimony, and more generally, the practice of art history and art criticism in Aotearoa/New Zealand. In the first place, this project explains, develops, and applies a Lacanian model of subjectivity/meaning-making understood in terms of the figuring of desire. This formula models expressions of subjectivity/meaning-making in terms of the reciprocity obtaining between the agent-like, metaphoric precipitation and automatist, metonymic perpetuation of symptomatic formations or points de capiton in discourses of desire. Secondly, this study analyses the discourse comprising paintings by McCahon and Hotere, and related writing, from the perspective of two points de capiton – the key features of which are gathered under the rubrics ‘McCahon’s doubt’ and ‘Hotere’s reticence’. The thesis demonstrates that these two formations enliven the possibility of interpreting McCahon discourse and Hotere discourse, respectively, in terms of repeated and contradictory characterisations of McCahon as a visionary and a doubter, and of Hotere as eloquent and reticent. Furthermore, the thesis shows how, by virtue of their fixation on the symptomatic formations ‘McCahon’s doubt’ and ‘Hotere’s reticence’, respectively, McCahon and Hotere discourses bear witness to radically contingent affirmations of, or leaps of faith in, praxes of contradiction, thereby sustaining fantasies of the revelation of the reality and truth of the being and meaning of art subjects and art objects. The impossibility of objectively realising these fantasies testifies to the status of subjective desire as that which seeks only its own perpetuation or that finds fulfilment in endlessly missing its aim and, by the same token, in Lacanian terms, underscores the (structural and ethical) necessity of subjectively being in and as traversing fantasy.
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Danielsson, Olivia. "Ikeas familjer : En semiotisk analys av män, kvinnor och barn i Ikeas katalog 2014." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för kultur- och medievetenskaper, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-86368.
Full textAbstract:
The purpose of this study is to see how men, women and children are made in the Ikea 2014 catalog, this from a gender perspective. It will also examine if gender stereotypes are seen and how equal the people in the images is produced. This essay is studied on the basis of gender theory and theories about stereotypes and how men, women and children are prepared in advertising and commercials. The method that was used during the analysis process was a qualitative semiotic method. The analysis tool that was used from the semiotic method was denotation, connotation and metonymy. The result of the study shows that the major part of the pictures that was analyzed was gender stereotypical and that a few of the pictures showed some kind of equality between men and women, both between grow ups and children. One of the conclusions that were made is that Ikea, in some, pictures show that equality is something that they think about and that they care about the Swedish opinions when it comes to equality between human beings, as they, Ikea, are a Swedish based company.
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Lima, Silvana Maria Calixto de. "Entre os domÃnios da metÃfora e da metonÃmia: um estudo de processos de recategorizaÃÃo." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2009. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3741.
Full textAbstract:
nÃo hÃO objeto de estudo desta tese à a recategorizaÃÃo no processo de referenciaÃÃo. A partir das anÃlises propostas, argumentamos por uma noÃÃo mais ampla desse fenÃmeno, que pode, ou nÃo, revelar-se por, e concentrar-se em, expressÃes referenciais, diferentemente do que propÃem ApothÃloz e Reichler-BÃguelin (1995), pioneiros na investigaÃÃo desse tema no Ãmbito da LinguÃstica de Texto, cuja abordagem se restringia Ãs recategorizaÃÃes lexicais, numa perspectiva textual-discursiva. Partindo do pressuposto da natureza cognitivo-referencial da recategorizaÃÃo, postulamos, inicialmente, a necessidade de uma interface entre a LinguÃstica de Texto e a LinguÃstica Cognitiva para levar em conta a complexidade e a dinamicidade desse processo, em termos descritivos e explanatÃrios. Centramo-nos no tratamento de recategorizaÃÃes licenciadas por metÃforas e metonÃmias, levantando duas hipÃteses encadeadas: a primeira a da existÃncia de um tipo de recategorizaÃÃo por interaÃÃo metÃfora-metonÃmia, e a segunda a da abordagem das recategorizaÃÃes licenciadas por metÃforas e metonÃmias na perspectiva de um continuum. Para a construÃÃo da interface postulada, recorremos à Teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (LAKOFF, 1987, e colaboradores). O pressuposto bÃsico dessa teoria à o de que o conhecimento se organiza por meio de estruturas denominadas de Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados (MCIs), compreendendo-se que a estrutura de categorias e os efeitos prototÃpicos resultam dessa organizaÃÃo. Reunimos a essa fundamentaÃÃo os estudos cognitivos que sugerem o tratamento da metÃfora e da metonÃmia como processos interativos (GOOSSENS, 2003; BARCELONA, 2003), com abertura para a sua concepÃÃo como um continuum (RADDEN, 2003). Sob esses fundamentos, analisamos ocorrÃncias de recategorizaÃÃo instanciadas por metÃforas e metonÃmias num corpus constituÃdo por quatro poemas de autores da literatura brasileira sobre a temÃtica da morte. Os passos metodolÃgicos desta aplicaÃÃo do modelo da Teoria dos Modelos Cognitivos Idealizados seguem parcialmente a proposta de anÃlise desse modelo elaborada e aplicada em Feltes (2007), mas acrescemos ao modelo da autora os MCIs proposicionais do tipo frame, por meio dos quais evocamos a descriÃÃo dos MCIs metafÃricos e metonÃmicos e, consequentemente, dos MCIs de esquemas de imagens. Os resultados da anÃlise apontam para a validaÃÃo das hipÃteses formuladas, possibilitando um redimensionamento da abordagem da recategorizaÃÃo, atà entÃo sà fundamentada pelo aparato teÃrico da LinguÃstica de Texto, de forma que a interface com a LinguÃstica Cognitiva traz contribuiÃÃes significativas para o trato da complexidade desse fenÃmeno linguÃstico, uma vez que possibilita o alcance dos processos cognitivos que lhe subjazem. E à exatamente o entendimento desses processos que amplia o potencial explanatÃrio no redimensionamento da recategorizaÃÃo.
The object of this study is recategorization in the referentiation process. From the proposed analyses, we argue for a broader notion of this phemenon, which may or may not reveal itself in referential expressions and yet be concentrated on these. ApothÃloz and Reichler-BÃguelin (1995), the pioneers in the investigations concentrated on this theme to the extent of Textual Linguistics, whose approach was restricted to lexical recategorizations in a textual-discoursive perspective. On the assumption of cognitive-referential nature of recategorization, we postulate, initially, the need for an interface between the Textual Linguistics and the Cognitive Linguistics to account for the complexity and dynamics of this process, in descriptive and explanatory terms. We focus on recategorizations treatment licensed by metaphors and metonymy, raising two linked hypotheses: the first dealing with the existence of a sort of recategorization through interaction among metonymy-metaphor, and the second addressing the recategorizations licensed by metaphors and metonymy in the context of a continuum. For the construction of the postulated interface, we used the Theory Of Idealized Cognitive Models (Lakoff, 1987, and collaborators). The basic assumption of this theory is that knowledge is organized through structures called Idealized Cognitive Models (ICMs), and that the structure of categories and the effects are prototypical products of that organization. To this fundamentation we associated the cognitive studies that suggest that the treatment of metaphor and metonymy is an interactive processes (GOOSSENS, 2003, BARCELONA, 2003), with opening for the design of these cognitive processes from the perspective of a continuum (RADDEN, 2003). Furthermore, we analyzed occurrences of recategorization instantiated by metaphors and metonymy in a corpus consisting of four poems belonging to four authors from the Brazilian literature on the subject of death. The methodological steps of applying the model of the theory of Idealized Cognitive Models follows partially the proposed analysis model developed and applied in Feltes (2007), but we added to the model of the author the ICMs propositional-type frame, by which we evoked the description of the metaphorical and metonymy ICMs and, consequently, the description of the ICMs image schemes. The results point to the validation of the assumptions made, allowing a redefinition of the recategorization approach, until then only based on the theoretical Textual Linguistics apparatus, so that the interface with the Cognitive Linguistics brings significant contributions to the treatment of this complex linguistic phenomenon, once it allows the scope of the cognitive processes that underlie them. It is exactly the understanding of processes that extends the potential explanatory in the resizing of recategorization.
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Crochet, Patrícia Martins Neves. "O papel do estereótipo na constituição do gênero piada: uma abordagem sociocognitiva." Universidade Federal de Juiz de Fora (UFJF), 2007. https://repositorio.ufjf.br/jspui/handle/ufjf/3439.
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Nosso estudo debruça-se sobre o processo de significação lingüística, pensado a partir da negação da Hipótese Forte da Composicionalidade e da afirmação da natureza dinâmica, projetiva e multidirecional dos modos sociocognitivos de significar. Mais precisamente, nossa agenda de trabalho objetiva descrever os processos metonímicos de constituição dos estereótipos sociais, focalizados como personagens no gênero textual ‘piada’ e verificar em que medida tais construções instituem um padrão prototípico na estrutura composicional desse gênero. Assumimos a perspectiva da Lingüística Cognitiva, nos termos de Lakoff, Johnson, Fauconnier, Turner (cf cap 2), que, conferindo um estatuto sociocognitivo aos estereótipos, os toma como modelos metonímicos, nos quais uma subcategoria tem um status reconhecido social e culturalmente como padrão para a categoria como um todo. Tendo recolhido um corpus significativo de piadas, encontramos tais personagens configurados como frames conceptuais entrincheirados e, valendo-nos da Teoria da Integração Conceptual, ou Mesclagem, verificamos o seu papel no processo de significação das piadas. Para tanto, retomamos os construtos teóricos do programa sociocognitivista quais sejam, os processos de conceptualização e categorização; a questão do poder projetivo da mente humana e da linguagem, referenciados a partir da Teoria Conceptual da Metáfora e, em especial, da Metonímia; a questão das Redes de Integração Conceptual ou Mesclagem, como fundamentação teórica para nossas hipóteses. Tomamos ainda, como recurso analítico, o Modelo Baseado no Uso, que visa à análise da freqüência de tipos que comparecem nas piadas e da freqüência de uso dos mesmos, relacionando tais dados, respectivamente, com a força de convencionalização e com a produtividade de cada construção estereotipada. O resultado de nossas análises representa uma evidência em favor das teses sociocognitivas da linguagem no que respeita ao princípio da relevância de toda forma de experiência humana (física, social, cultural, interacional) na constituição do pensamento e da linguagem.
Our study lies over the process o linguistic signification, thinking it on base of the negation o the Hypothesis of the Strong Compositionality and the affirmation of the dynamic projective and multidirectional nature of o socio-cognitive ways of signification. More precisely, our work agenda objectives to describe the metonymic processes of constitution of social stereotypes, focused as characters on the textual gender “joke” an verify in which measure those constructions institute a prototype pattern on the compositional structure of that gender. We assume the perspective of the Cognitive Linguistic, on the terms of Lakoff, Johnson, Faucconier, Turner (cf cap 2), that, giving a cognitive status to the stereotypes, take them as metonymic models, on which a subcategory has a status social and culturally recognized as a pattern for the category as a hole. Having collected a significant corpus of jokes, we found those characters configured as entrench conceptual frames and, making use of the theory of the conceptual Integration, or Blending, we verified its role on the process of joke signification. For that, we retake the theoretical constructs of the socio-cognitive program which are, the processes of conceptualization an categorization, the projective power of the human mind and pf the language, referenced from the Conceptual Theory of the Metaphor and, in special, of Metonymy, and the Conceptual Integration Networks or Blending, as theorist foundation for our hypotheses. Still taking, as analytic resource, the Model Based on Use, that aims the analyses of the frequency of types that appear on jokes an the frequency of use of them, relating those data, respectively, with the strength of conventionalization and productivity of each stereotyped construction. The results of our analyses represents an evidence favoring the socio-cognitive theses of language on the concern to the principle of relevance of all kind of human experience (physical, social, cultural, international) on the constitution of thinking and language.
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Silva, Pedro Henrique Sousa da. "O discurso de torcedores vÃtimas da violÃncia no futebol à luz da teoria dos sistemas adaptativos complexos e da teoria da integraÃÃo conceitual: em busca da emergÃncia de metÃforas e ou metonÃmias sistemÃticas." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=11109.
Full textAbstract:
nÃo hÃA interaÃÃo discursiva pode ser compreendida como sistema adaptativo complexo, de modo que adaptaÃÃes ocorrem em funÃÃo de variadas demandas contextuais interconectadas no fluxo discursivo. Cada interlocutor contribui com a interaÃÃo, de forma complexa, sistemÃtica e dialÃgica, atravÃs das dimensÃes socioculturais, histÃricas e ontogenÃtica nas quais se insere. Nesse sentido, as metÃforas e as metonÃmias presentes no fluxo discursivo parecem emergir a partir de uma negociaÃÃo conceitual entre os interlocutores. Segundo Cameron (2003, 2007, 2008), a metÃfora sistemÃtica pode ser entendida como uma rede de metÃforas linguÃsticas que emerge no fluxo discursivo, conectando-se a determinados tÃpicos discursivos, formando um padrÃo, ou seja, uma conceitualizaÃÃo que, ao emergir no e pelo discurso, alcanÃa uma estabilidade temporÃria, sendo, portanto, fruto da interaÃÃo entre diversos agentes e/ou subsistemas: pragmÃticos, sociais, culturais, histÃricos e cognitivos. No entanto, Cameron nÃo especifica que aparatos cognitivo-conceituais podem contribuir para a emergÃncia da reportada conceitualizaÃÃo. Nesse sentido, este trabalho parte da hipÃtese de que a abordagem de metÃforas sistemÃticas pode dar conta da conceitualizaÃÃo da violÃncia no futebol apenas no plano discursivo. A teoria da integraÃÃo conceitual, de Fauconnier e Turner (2002, 2007) pode aclarar a base cognitivo-conceitual lacunada pelas metÃforas sistemÃticas, o que se configurou como uma hipÃtese desencadeada pela primeira. TambÃm à defendida a hipÃtese de que a metÃfora sistemÃtica pode ser entendida, em certo aspecto, como metonÃmia sistemÃtica. Para tanto, consideramos a visÃo de Morin (2013) no que diz respeito a sistema e suas implicaÃÃes, bem como a perspectiva de Weaver (1948), Mitchel (2009), e, Larsen-Freeman e Cameron (2008) sobre sistemas adaptativos complexos. No intuito de verificar as mencionadas hipÃteses, foi utilizada a tÃcnica de investigaÃÃo de grupo focal, formado por 06 torcedores que discutiram sobre violÃncia no futebol. O discurso foi gravado em Ãudio e vÃdeo, depois transcrito segundo os procedimentos listados por Cameron et al. (2009). A pesquisa à de natureza qualitativa. Os dados sÃo interpretados a partir de uma interface que converge: a Teoria dos Sistemas Adaptativos Complexos e a anÃlise do discurso à luz da metÃfora sistemÃtica (CAMERON, 2003, 2007, 2008; CAMERON et al. 2009, CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010) e Teoria da IntegraÃÃo Conceitual (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002).
The discourse can be seen as a complex adptive system, which adapts itself in function of the contextual needs interconnected into the discoursive flow. Each speaker contributes to the discourse in a complex, dynamic and dialogical way, through the historical, sociocultural and ontogenetical dimension, in which they insert themselves. Thus, metaphors and metonyms seem to emerge in the discourse from the interaction among conceptual and linguistic systems, considering a negotiation among the speakers. According to Cameron (2003, 2007, 2008), systematic metaphor can be understood as a web of linguistic metaphors or metonymys that are connected to the discoursive topics in the discourse. The systematic metaphor can also be considered as pattern or a conceptualization that emerge in the discourse by the interactions among the speakers. That conceptualization is ad hoc and stabilizes itself temporarily, emerging by interactions among various systems connected into the discourse, in which Cameron emphasizes the discoursive system and the cognitive system. However, Cameron does not specify which cognitive displays could have been used to emerge the conceptualization. In this sense, this research raises the hypothesis that systematic metaphor approach can explore the conceptualization of violence in the football only in the discoursive plan. The second hypothesis is that Blending Theory, from Fauconnier and Turner (2002, 2007), can clarify the gaps left by systematic metaphor in respect to the cognitive displays. It is also defended the hypothesis that the systematic metaphor can be seen as a systematic metonymy. The vision of Morin (2013) about system and its implications was considered to the last hypothesis. Beyond this, it was also considered what Weaver (1948), Mitchel (2009), Larsen-Freeman e Cameron (2008) talk about complex adaptive systems. In order to verify the mentioned hypothesis, it was used the focal group investigation technique. The group was composed by 06 football supporters who talk about violence in the football. The discourse was recorded in audio and video, then transcribed according to the procedures listed by Cameron et al. (2009). The research is qualitative. The data analysis was guided follow a interface that has converge: Complex Adaptive Theory and the metaphor-led discourse analysis approach (CAMERON, 2003, 2007, 2008; CAMERON et al. 2009; CAMERON; MASLEN, 2010) and Blending Theory (FAUCONNIER; TURNER, 2002)
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Görl, Maria. "Fighting for the Podium : Translating metaphors and metonymies in Formula 1 Racing." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för språk (SPR), 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-67870.
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This essay researches metaphors and metonymy in motorsports language, mainly investigating strategies for translating the structural metaphors RACING is WAR and RACE POSITIONS are RESOURCES and analyzing the results through both a quantitative and qualitative approach. The material for the research was selected parts of former Formula 1 driver Mark Webber’s autobiography, Aussie Grit: My Formula One Journey (2016). For the translation, dictionaries and parallel texts were utilized, and several works on translation theory, such as Ingo (2007), Newmark (1988), and Lakoff & Johnson (2003) were consulted for both the translation and the following analysis. Research into similar metaphors in other sports (such as Shields & Bredemeier (2013) and Bergh & Ohlander (2012)) was analyzed for background on the phenomenon of structural metaphors in sports. The results show that metonyms are prevalent in motorsports language, and structural metaphors are also well established in both the SL and TL. Regarding metonyms, the parallel texts show that proper noun metonyms can be transferred directly. Most metonyms in the ST are of the PLACE for EVENT category (for example names of racetracks/countries used to reference whole races, and the podium being used to reference placing top three or winning). The metaphor structures are also found in the TL, meaning the intended images can largely be maintained without changing the author’s established structure of the source text. Most metaphors and metonyms can thus be translated literally, or with TL equivalents. Where expansions are necessary, the translator can safely fall back on the structures present in motorsports language to ensure a text a reader with previous knowledge of such language will understand.
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Billioti, de Gage Cécile. "Mains et manipulations dans la grammaire et les systèmes conceptuels de l'anglais." Thesis, Bordeaux 3, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BOR30008/document.
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Cette étude porte sur l’inscription physique et symbolique des mains dans le système grammatical et conceptuel de l’anglais. Une attention particulière a été portée au rôle des mains dans les conceptualisations métonymique et métaphorique de notions plus ou moins abstraites. De façon plus générale se pose la question du rôle des mains (physique et symbolique) dans l’organisation interne de la langue et l’expression de la pensée. Pour répondre à cette question, une étude quantitative du corpus écrit British National Corpus (BNC) a été faite, dans lequel des morphèmes polysémiques évoquant les parties et mouvements du corps ont été classés, en confrontant leurs utilisations littérales, métonymiques et métaphoriques. Notre recherche a permis d’explorer l’hypothèse d’un “corps symbolique de la cognition” (Lapaire 2008) opérant sur des matières et des espaces abstraits, avec des mains imaginaires. Elle a aussi permis d’explorer la manière dont la conceptualisation métonymique et métaphorique de ces morphèmes “fonctionne”, en “décomposant” le sens conceptuel de ces derniers. Les effets grammaticaux qu’entrainent une telle utilisation conceptuelle ont également été analysés. La grammaticalisation (Traugott 2000) permet de montrer comment les parties du corps et leurs activités prototypiques sont intégrées aux systèmes grammaticaux. Ces derniers ne sont pas autonomes, la grammaire inscrivant dans ces formes l’expérience physico-culturelle de l’environnementThis study treats the presence of physical and symbolical hands in the grammar and the conceptual structures of English. The role of the hands in the metonymical and metaphorical conceptualization of more or less abstract notions will be highlighted. More generally, this raises the question as to what the role of the hands (physical and symbolical) is in the structures of the English language and in thought. To answer this question, a quantitative study of mostly the written British National Corpus (BNC), has been made, in which polysemous terms relating to body parts and body part movements, have been searched and classified according to their literal, metonymic, and metaphorical uses. This research study will allow for the exploration of the hypothesis of the Idealized Body of Cognition (Lapaire 2008), which works on abstract materials and spaces with imaginary hands. It will also allow for an exploration of the way conceptualization of the body works by “decomposing” its meaning. The consequences such conceptualized uses of the body may have in grammar will also be explored. Grammaticalization (Traugott 2000) will show how body parts and their prototypical activities may be integrated in grammatical systems. This latter are not autonomous, inscribing in their forms the physico-cultural experience of the environment
Questo studio tratta della presenza della mani, fisiche e/o simboliche, nella grammatica e nelle strutture concettuali della lingua Inglese, in particolare, saranno evidenziate le loro concettualizzazioni metonimiche e metaforiche, più o meno astratte. In generale, si tratta di analizzare il ruolo delle mani (fisiche e simboliche) nelle strutture della lingua Inglese e nel pensiero. A tal fine, lo studio si è basato su una ricerca quantitativa della British National Corpus (BNC) che ha classificato i termini polisemici riguardanti parti del corpo ed i relativi movimenti, a secondo del loro uso letterale, metonimico o metaforico. Questo studio si pone come obiettivo quello di esplorare l’ipotesi di un corpo simbolico della cognizione (Idealized Body of Cognition, Lapaire 2008) che agisce su materiali e spazi astratti con “mani immaginarie”. Non solo, ma anche di esplorare la maniera, in cui la concettualizzazione del corpo “funziona”, “scomponendo” questo senso concettuale, fino ad indagare sulle conseguenze che tali usi concettuali del corpo hanno nella grammatica. La grammaticalizzazione (Traugott 2000) mostrerà come parti del corpo e le loro prototipiche attività possono essere integrati nei sistemi grammaticali, quest’ultimi non sono autonomi e inscrivono nelle loro forme l’esperienza fisico-culturale dell’ambiente
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Book, Björn. "Cognitively Motivated Meanings for Idioms : The Metaphorical and Metonymical Structures of two Semantically Equivalent but Structurally Different Idioms in English and Swedish." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-121958.
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This paper analyses the similarities and differences of the cognitive structures of the English-Swedish idiom pair to step into someone’s shoes and att axla någons mantel (to shoulder someone’s mantle [lit.]) in order to investigate possible conceptual or embodied motivations for their meanings. Using dictionaries and corpora to support all findings, the conceptual nature and intended meaning of each idiom were closely analysed and compared. The investigation shows metaphorical, metonymical and embodied structures which might possibly explain why these two idioms mean the same thing as a whole even though they are lexically different from each other. The results indicate that conceptual and embodied mechanisms have motivated the meanings of the idioms, thus suggesting that idiom comprehension in general as well as second language learning would greatly benefit from a more cognitive approach.
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Lodén, Anna. "To make a mountain out of a molehill : A comparative study of the metonymical and metaphorical structures of three semantically identical, but lexically different, idioms in English, Swedish and German." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136839.
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This study revolves around the different underlying metaphorical or metonymical structures of three specific idioms, one English, one Swedish and one German, but with equivalent semantics. The structure of the source and target domains was analysed, as well as the mapping from source to target. The lexical features and the cognitive concepts involved were analysed as well. The method used for this study was an analysis based on cognitive linguistics and conceptual metaphor theory. The result shows a structure of conceptual metaphor within the English and German idioms: making a small entity into a big entity is exaggeration. The Swedish idiom consists of a conceptual metaphor but with a metonymic structure: the part for the whole is exaggeration. The result also suggests a difference in meaning of the definitions of the idioms, indicating that the form of exaggeration varies depending on which idiom is used.
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Lindblom, Hanna. "How crossing one's fingers and holding one's thumbs manages to convey a similar semantic meaning. : The cognitive motivations behind the understanding of three Swedish and English idiom pairs, with different words for body parts." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för språkstudier, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-136568.
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Three idiom pairs were analysed in order to identify which conceptual motivation, in the form of metaphors, metonymies, embodied motivations and conventional knowledge, were present. Each pair had one Swedish- and one English idiom. They had a similar semantic meaning and they both contained a lexical word for a body part – but not the same body part. The aim was to find out how the idioms could have a similar semantic meaning without having the same structure and the same words. The aim was the research questions were answered by analysing the idiom pairs from a cognitive linguistic perspective. The result of the study showed there are cognitive and conceptual motivations for the underlying process, which makes people understand the idioms in a similar way. The reason for why the Swedish and the English idioms used different words for body parts seems to have been the notion of embodiment and of cultural and conventional knowledge. The different words for the body parts did not seem to affect the semantic similarity of the idiom pair.
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Scott, Georgina. "Framing and symbolic modes in public service announcements." Diss., Pretoria : [s.n.], 2002. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-10132005-102737.
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Aronsson, Mattias. "La thématique de l’eau dans l’œuvre de Marguerite Duras." Doctoral thesis, Högskolan Dalarna, Franska, 2008. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:du-4572.
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The aim of this thematic study is to examine how the water motif is used in Marguerite Duras’s literary work. The study shows that water has multiple functions in these texts: it is linked to major themes and creates an enigmatic atmosphere by its association with the unknown, the inexplicable and the unconscious. The strong presence of water in Duras’s texts is striking. References to the water element can be found in several titles throughout her career, from early works such as Un barrage contre le Pacifique (1950) to La mer écrite (1996), published just after her death. Almost all of her fiction take place near water – and the rain or the sound of waves serve as leitmotifs in specific novels. The water motif can play a metonymic as well as a metaphoric role in the texts and it sometimes takes on human or animalistic characteristics (Chapter 4). Several emblematic Durassian characters (e.g. the beggar-woman, Anne-Marie Stretter and Lol V. Stein) have a close relationship to water (Chapter 5). The water motif is linked to many major Durassian themes, and illustrates themes with positive connotations, for example, creation, fecundity, maternity, liberty and desire, as well as themes with negative connotations such as destruction and death (Chapter 6). A close reading of three novels, La vie tranquille (1944), L’après-midi de Monsieur Andesmas (1962) and La maladie de la mort (1982), shows that the realism of the first novel is replaced by intriguing evocations of the sea and the pond in the second text, motifs which resist straightforward interpretation. The enigmatic feeling persists in the last novel, in which the sea illustrates the overall sombre mood of the story (Chapter 7). Finally, the role of the water element in psychoanalytic theory is discussed (Chapter 8), and a parallel is drawn between the Jungian concept of the mother archetype and the water motif in Duras’s texts. The suggestion is made in this last chapter that water is used to illustrate an oriental influence (Taoist or Buddhist) of some of the female characters in Duras’s work.
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Leal, Andreia Aparecida Silva Donadon. "Aldravismo Movimento Mineiro do Século XXI." Universidade Federal de Viçosa, 2013. http://locus.ufv.br/handle/123456789/4875.
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This dissertation proposes to sketch a historical, aesthetic and literary framework of the Aldravismo, a literary and artistic movement developed in the region of the Inconfidentes in the XXI century, in Mariana, Minas Gerais. Appearing in 2000, the Aldravismo explicit the proposition of poets who gathered to experience a way of provoking meaning without imposing the will of the author or disregarding the will of the reader, opening a possibility to produce something that could be complemented by the reader in the process of signification. Thus, it was born the proposition of Metonymic Literature , in which the producer presents a clue, a portion of what is represented and the reader/spectator is free to make up its complement of significance. The first part of this research develops a reflection on the historical context of the Aldravismo movement, pamphlets and newspapers from the pre-Aldravismo period to the consolidation of the movement (1995-2000). The second one traces the concept to interdiscursivity of the manifests published in the printed editions of the Jornal Aldrava Cultural (from 2000 to 2003) and on the book of base Aldravismo The literature of the subject (2002). The third one examines the literary production in newspapers published from 2000 to 2012, to explain the effectiveness of the concept of semiotic metonymy, i.e., the manner of its textual realization, in which a portion of something assumes significance of a totality, a hint that becomes discourse and a form that results from it. The analytical cycle of Aldravismo closes with the presentation of a new form of poetry the Aldravia , created in 2010 by poets of Mariana, consolidating the Aldravismo as a literary movement of the XXI century.
Esta Dissertação propõe traçar quadro histórico, estético e literário do Aldravismo; movimento literário e artístico que se desenvolveu na Região dos Inconfidentes, no século XXI, na cidade de Mariana, Minas Gerais. Surgido no ano de 2000, o Aldravismo explicita a proposta de poetas que se reuniram para experimentar uma forma de provocar significação sem impor a vontade do autor, nem desconsiderar a vontade do leitor, abrindo uma possibilidade de produção de algo que pudesse ser complementado pelo leitor, no processo de significação. Nascia a proposta de Literatura Metonímica, em que o produtor apresenta um indício, uma parcela da coisa representada e o leitor/espectador é livre para compor seu complemento de significação. A primeira parte desta pesquisa desenvolve reflexão sobre o contexto histórico do movimento aldravista,nos panfletos e jornais; do período pré-aldravista até a consolidação do movimento (1995-2000). A segunda traça o conceito de interdiscursividade dos manifestos publicados nas edições impressas do Jornal Aldrava Cultural (período: 2000 a 2003) e no livro de base Aldravismo A literatura do sujeito (2002). A terceira analisa a produção literária nos jornais publicados no período de 2000 a 2012, para explicitar a efetividade do conceito semiológico de metonímia, ou seja, o modo de sua realização textual, em que uma parcela de algo assume significação de uma totalidade, uma insinuação que se faz discurso e uma forma que se faz resultado. O ciclo analítico do Aldravismo se fecha com a apresentação da nova forma de poesia a aldravia, criada em 2010 pelos poetas de Mariana, consolidando, assim, o Aldravismo como o movimento literário do século XXI.