Journal articles: 'Metrical phonology'

1

Hammond, Michael. "Metrical Phonology." Annual Review of Anthropology 24, no. 1 (October 1995): 313–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.an.24.100195.001525.

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Rice, Keren, and John A. Goldsmith. "Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology." Language 68, no. 1 (March 1992): 149. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416372.

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Nathan, Geoffrey S., Richard Hogg, and C. B. McCully. "Metrical Phonology: A Coursebook." Language 64, no. 4 (December 1988): 825. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/414591.

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Pierrehumbert, Janet. "Autosegmental and metrical phonology." Journal of Phonetics 21, no. 3 (July 1993): 357–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0095-4470(19)31335-x.

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Jessen, Michael. "Metrical phonology: A coursebook." Lingua 76, no. 1 (September 1988): 99–114. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0024-3841(88)90020-4.

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Lin, Yen-Hwei. "San Duanmu (2000). The phonology of Standard Chinese. Oxford: Oxford University Press. Pp. xv+300." Phonology 18, no. 3 (December 2001): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675701004195.

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This new addition to the series on the phonology of the world's languages edited by Jacques Durand is the most comprehensive study of the synchronic phonology of Standard Chinese (or Standard Mandarin) since the publication of Cheng's (1973) monograph. Duanmu provides a detailed description of the phonological facts in Standard Chinese (henceforth SC), some of which are new or little studied before, offers new perspectives on old problems and proposes a theoretical analysis of these facts in current frameworks such as feature geometry, metrical phonology and Optimality Theory. The main innovation and, in my opinion, the most significant contribution of this book is the extensive coverage of stress (or metrical structure) and its influence on the order and length of compound words. The role of metrical structure is also extended to the analysis of some long-standing problems of the well-known tone 3 sandhi process. Claiming the existence of stress and its importance to understanding the interaction of phonology and morphosyntax in SC may come as a surprise to some readers since SC is not a stress language and its phonetic stress is notoriously difficult to detect. The proposed metrical analysis, nonetheless, is innovative and convincingly argued, and has clearly established the phonological relevance of metrical structure for SC.

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Cooper, William E., and Stephen J. Eady. "Metrical phonology in speech production." Journal of Memory and Language 25, no. 3 (June 1986): 369–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0749-596x(86)90007-0.

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Wilson, Stephen A. "Metrical Structure in Wakashan Phonology." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 12 (May 15, 1986): 283. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v12i0.1857.

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Calet, Nuria, María Flores, Gracia Jiménez-Fernández, and Sylvia Defior. "Habilidades fonológicas suprasegmentales y desarrollo lector en niños de educación primaria." Anales de Psicología 32, no. 1 (December 25, 2015): 72. http://dx.doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.1.216221.

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Recent literature research has shown the influence of suprasegmental phonology (the awareness of prosodic features such as stress, timing, and intonation) on literacy acquisition. However, the majority of these studies have been carried out in English. Moreover, the lexical level has been the most explored component. The current study analyzes the relationship between suprasegmental phonology skills and reading development in 92 Spanish primary-school children of 5thgrade. Vocabulary, phonological awareness, suprasegmental skills (lexical- and metrical-stress sensitivity, and non-linguistic rhythm) along with reading aloud and reading comprehension were assessed. Results suggest that suprasegmental phonology predicts a significative amount of variance in reading once phonological awareness and vocabulary were controlled. Furthermore, the components of suprasegmental skills (lexical- and metrical-stress sensitivity, and non-linguistic rhythm) have different relationships with reading skills.

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Archibald, John. "A formal model of learning L2 prosodic phonology." Second Language Research 10, no. 3 (October 1994): 215–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/026765839401000303.

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In this article I discuss the various components necessary for a formal model of the acquisition of the prosodic phonology of a second language. I outline a model that includes an explicit theory of the representation of metrical knowledge (Dresher and Kaye, 1990; Idsardi, 1992) and the necessary learn ing theory to account for how those representations can be acquired. The learning theory which mediates the interaction between Universal Grammar (UG) and the linguistic environment is composed of such elements as appro priate cues, indirect negative evidence and a principle of lexical dependency. Empirical investigations of the acquisition of English metrical parameters by native speakers of Polish, Hungarian and Spanish are reported. Group data as well as case studies are presented. The data suggest that, in the domain of prosodic phonology, both the representations (metrical structure) and processes (learning principles) evidenced in second language learners are the same as those proposed for native speakers. Interlanguage grammars can be seen as a combination of UG principles, correct L2 parameter set tings (from resetting) and incorrect L1 parameter settings (from L1 trans fer).

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Major, Roy C., and John A. Goldsmith. "Autosegmental and Metrical Phonology: An Introduction." Modern Language Journal 76, no. 2 (1992): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/329811.

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Árnason, Kristján. "ICELANDIC WORD STRESS AND METRICAL PHONOLOGY." Studia Linguistica 39, no. 2 (December 1985): 93–129. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9582.1985.tb00747.x.

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Reilly, William. "Using metrical phonology to synthesize speech." Journal of the Acoustical Society of America 81, S1 (May 1987): S66—S67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1121/1.2024347.

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GOLSTON, CHRIS, and TOMAS RIAD. "The phonology of Greek lyric meter." Journal of Linguistics 41, no. 1 (March 2005): 77–115. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226704003068.

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The meter of Greek lyric poetry shows great variation within and between lines regarding the shape, number and combinations of basic metrical units. We offer a simplifying analysis in terms of markedness, in which meters are defined by distinctive violations of linguistic constraints controlling rhythm, layering, binarity, and alignment. The constraints that are distinctively violated in meter are low ranked in the phonology of Greek.

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Arvaniti, Amalia, and D. Robert Ladd. "Greek wh-questions and the phonology of intonation." Phonology 26, no. 1 (May 2009): 43–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675709001717.

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AbstractThe intonation of Greek wh-questions consists of a rise-fall followed by a low plateau and a final rise. Using acoustic data, we show (i) that the exact contour shape depends on the length of the question, and (ii) that the position of the first peak and the low plateau depends on the position of the stressed syllables, and shows predictable adjustments in alignment, depending on the proximity of adjacent tonal targets. Models that specify the F0 of all syllables, or models that specify F0 by superposing contour shapes for shorter and longer domains, cannot account for such fine-grained lawful variation except by using ad hoc tonal specifications, which, in turn, do not allow for phonological generalisations about contours applying to utterances of greatly different lengths. In contrast, our findings follow easily from an autosegmental-metrical approach to intonational phonology, according to which melodies may contain long F0 stretches derived by interpolation between specified targets associated with metrically strong syllables and prosodic boundaries.

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Dresher, B. Elan, and Jonathan D. Kaye. "A computational learning model for metrical phonology." Cognition 34, no. 2 (February 1990): 137–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0010-0277(90)90042-i.

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Everett, Daniel L. "On metrical constituent structure in pirah� phonology." Natural Language and Linguistic Theory 6, no. 2 (May 1988): 207–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00134230.

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Galbraith, Daniel. "Meter, prosody and performance: evidence from the Faroese ballads." Nordic Journal of Linguistics 42, no. 3 (September 24, 2019): 227–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0332586519000192.

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AbstractIn this paper, I argue that the folk ballad tradition of the Faroe Islands, to date never examined in detail by metrists, offers substantial empirical support for the necessity of maintaining the classic metrical template, as well as the distinction between metrical and prosodic structure: meter is an abstraction which can neither be collapsed into phonology, nor fundamentally detached from it (Kiparsky 2006, Blumenfeld 2015, pace Hayes & MacEachern 1998, Fabb & Halle 2008). The ballad performances also reveal a unidirectional correspondence from strong metrical positions to strong dance steps and strong musical beats, indicating that metrical prominence plays a significant role in determining rhythm. The Faroese tradition thus provides a window into the relation between metrical structure and performance. In support of my conclusions I draw upon both the ballad texts and audio-visual recordings of sections of sample ballads I made on the Faroe Islands.

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Atta, Firdos. "Word Stress system of the Saraiki language." Acta Linguistica Asiatica 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2021): 129–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/ala.11.1.129-145.

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This study presents an Optimality-Theoretic analysis of Saraiki word stress. This study presents a first exploration of word stress in the framework of OT. Words in Saraiki are mostly short; secondary stress plays no role here. Saraiki stress is quantity-sensitive, so a distinction must be made between short and long vowels, and light and heavy syllables. A metrical foot can consist of one heavy syllable, two light syllables, or one light and one heavy syllable. The Foot structure starts from right to left in prosodic words. The foot is trochaic and the last consonant in Saraiki words is extra metrical. These generalizations are best captured by using metrical phonology first and Optimality constraints later on.

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Uhmann, Susanne. "Between grammar and conversation : On the well-formedness of beat clashes in natural conversation." Cahiers du Centre de Linguistique et des Sciences du Langage, no. 7 (April 2, 2022): 19–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.26034/la.cdclsl.1995.1921.

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This paper deals with the interplay between grammar and conversation. This will be exemplified by a rhythmical phenomenon that has been described as beat clash in metrical phonology. In metrical phonology beat clashes are regarded as highly marked or even deviant rhythmical structures because the phonologically unmarked alternation between prominent and non-prominent syllables is cancelled in favour of a succession of prominent syllables. It will be shown that participants in natural conversation not only let beat clashes happen, but that beat clashes are actively constructed by turning non-prominent syllables into prominent ones. But these achieved beat clashes seem to be restrained by sequential and grammatical constraints: they occur in extended first assessments like stories, news or informings and in seconds to these conversation objects, but they are absent in first and in second assessments of assessment pairs; they respect the prominence structure which is the result of grammatical rules.

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Bates, Dawn, and Heinz J. Giegerich. "Metrical Phonology and Phonological Structure: German and English." Language 62, no. 3 (September 1986): 706. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/415502.

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Rice, Keren. "Autosegmental and metrical phonology By John A. Goldsmith." Language 68, no. 1 (1992): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1992.0068.

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Archibald, John. "SECOND LANGUAGE PHONOLOGY, PHONETICS, AND TYPOLOGY." Studies in Second Language Acquisition 20, no. 2 (June 1998): 189–211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0272263198002046.

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In this paper, I address the nature of the mental representation of an interlanguage grammar. The focus will be on the necessity of positing some sort of hierarchical constituent structure to account for L2 phonology. I discuss relevant data from the domains of the acquisition of segments, syllables, moras, and metrical structure. The interaction of these domains is discussed.In addition, I look at the acquisition of onset clusters and argue that the acquisition of liquids is correlated with the acquisition of consonantal sequences. Evidence from language change, language typology, and language acquisition suggests that there is a causal relationship between the two. The theoretical framework of feature geometry and derived sonority gives us the apparatus to explain what the second-language learners are doing.

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Velleman, Shelley L., and Lawrence D. Shriberg. "Metrical Analysis of the Speech of Children With Suspected Developmental Apraxia of Speech." Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research 42, no. 6 (December 1999): 1444–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/jslhr.4206.1444.

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Previous studies have shown that metrical analysis accounts for syllable omissions in young normally developing children better than prior perspectives. This approach has not yet been applied to children with disorders. Inappropriate sentential stress has been proposed as a diagnostic marker for a subgroup of children with suspected developmental apraxia of speech (SD-DAS), suggesting that the application of metrical perspectives to this population may be appropriate. This report extends the goal of identifying diagnostic markers for SD-DAS using analytic procedures from metrical phonology. The lexical metrical patterns of children with SD-DAS were compared to those of a group of children with speech delay (SD) to verify the applicability of metrical constructs to children with disorders while at the same time seeking lexical stress characteristics that might be useful for differential diagnosis. The lexical stress errors of children in both the SD and SD-DAS disorder groups were found to conform to patterns identified in metrical studies of younger normally developing children, confirming the applicability of this approach to children with disorders. Lexical metrical patterns did not differentiate the groups from each other. However, syllable omissions persisted to much later ages in the SD-DAS subjects, especially those children previously identified as having inappropriate phrasal stress. Further metrical studies of the speech of children with suspected SD-DAS are needed, both at the lexical and the sentential level, using both perceptual and acoustic measures.

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Frampton, John. "Prominence conditioned transformation in metrical analysis." Linguistic Review 37, no. 4 (November 1, 2020): 543–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/tlr-2020-2054.

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Abstract Crowhurst and Michael (2005) develops an OT analysis of the complex word stress system of Nanti, an Amazonian language of the Kampa group. They claim that the difficulty of developing a transformational analysis of the system clearly demonstrates the superiority of OT. One goal of this paper is to show that their claim is false and the complexities of the system are well within the scope of transformational phonology; a straightforward analysis is possible. The second goal is to show how prominence can naturally be included in rule systems.

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Minerba, Emiliano. "Prosodic Rules of wolofal Compositions." Quaderni di Studi Arabi 15, no. 1-2 (December 22, 2020): 367–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/2667016x-15010220.

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Abstract The paper focuses on the prosodic norms that rule the formation of the metrical patterns of wolofal verses. Wolofal is a genre, developed between 1800 and 1900 in Senegambia, of poetry in Wolof but composed according to Arabic metrical schemas and stanzas. From the beginning this genre used al-Ḫalīl’s metres, widely employed in Classical Arabic literature: it was therefore necessary for wolofal poets to elaborate a prosodic norm that allowed them to use the Arabic metres with their language’s phonology. Among the phonological particularities of Wolof one finds the syllabic structures CVC and CVCC, the possibility of crasis between different words, and the particular phonological status of prenasalised and geminate consonants. All these peculiarities have certain consequences for the metric and prosodic organisation of the verse, which will be analysed here both through metrical analysis of the texts studied, and by looking at the orthography adopted for the transcription of these poems in Arabic script.

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Lekomceva, Margarita. "Correlation of Metrical and Phonological Units of Language." Studia Metrica et Poetica 2, no. 1 (July 7, 2015): 120–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/smp.2015.2.1.06.

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This paper was first published in Russian (Lekomceva 1969). Margarita Ivanovna Lekomceva (b. 1935) is a distinguished Russian linguist and semiotician, member of the Tartu-Moscow School of Semiotics. Her main research fields include Slavic, Baltic, Balkan and Indo-European phonology, rhetoric and poetics. A representative selection of her papers was published in 2007 and titled “Ustroenie jazyka” (“The Arrangement of Language”).

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Anderson, John, Colin Ewen, and Jørgen Staun. "Phonological structure: segmental, suprasegmental and extrasegmental." Phonology Yearbook 2, no. 1 (May 1985): 203–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000439.

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In the past few years a great deal of attention has been paid to the representation of suprasegmental phenomena in phonology, with the resulting development of a number of partly competing theories and models of suprasegmental representation – in particular, various versions of AUTOSEGMENTAL PHONOLOGY (see, for example, Goldsmith 1976; Halle & Vergnaud 1981; Clements & Keyser 1983) and METRICAL PHONOLOGY (Liberman & Prince 1977; Hayes 1980, 1982; Prince 1983; Giegerich 1985). Other frameworks have also been developed which allow for the representation of phenomena in this area, notably that of DEPENDENCY PHONOLOGY (Anderson & Jones 1974, 1977; Ewen 1980; Anderson 1984; Anderson & Ewen 1980, forthcoming).It has, moreover, become obvious that although these theories at first seemed very different, many of the differences are more apparent than real, so that in some respects the proposals are complementary rather than alternative - and in many areas it is clear that we are moving towards a situation where a single model can perhaps be developed from the various frameworks (cf. Leben 1982; Goldsmith this volume).

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Ladda, Ashish, and Dr Ishrat Meera Mirzana. "Study of Phonology, Grammar and Semantic Changes within Historical Linguistics." Technoarete Transactions on Language and Linguistics 1, no. 1 (January 31, 2022): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.36647/ttll/01.01.a004.

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This paper examines the study of phonology in historical linguistics, the ways through which it evolves. In a specific language, words and their meaning changes over time. There exist various reasons for such changes such as one generation’s meaning of a particular word varies from another reason. This research analyses the history of historical linguistics and what it is all about. The findings of the research article reveal that the study of phonology is important to know the development of the sound structure. This article discusses various doctrines related to the study of phonology such as dependency phonology, metrical phonology, lexicon phonology, and the unit of phonological sound speech known as phonemes. The article further discusses the importance of Neo-grammarians and their academic views on linguistics. The paper inquiries the function of grammatical devices while expressing meaning and the ways these meanings change over time. This article shows the role of native speakers of different languages while adopting English words in their vocabulary to cause semantic changes in a language. The finding of the research also shows that children through their grammatical errors or by forming grammatical structure from limited data cause changes in a given language. The research discusses that word and their meaning varies and forsakes the existing meanings when semantic changes occur in a language.

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Fitzgerald, Colleen M. "Tohono O'odham stress in a single ranking." Phonology 19, no. 2 (August 2002): 253–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675702004335.

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This paper argues in favour of the analysis of Tohono O'odham stress originally presented in Fitzgerald (1997). This analysis relies on a single grammar in which metrical and rhythmic constraints are interleaved with the MORPHEME-TO-STRESS PRINCIPLE (MSP), a constraint that requires morphemes to be stressed. The single-grammar approach is contrasted with the co-phonology account offered for the same data in Yu (2000). The two analyses use the same basic constraints, with the exception of the MSP. Instead of this constraint, Yu uses three separate co-phonologies. The comparison between the two theories is focused on this difference, the MSP vs. the multiple grammars of the co-phonology model. The point made here is that Tohono O'odham does not need co-phonologies.

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Duanmu, San. "Metrical and Tonal Phonology of Compounds in Two Chinese Dialects." Language 71, no. 2 (June 1995): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/416163.

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Booij, Geert. "Review of Hogg & McCully (1987): Metrical phonology. A coursebook." Studies in Language 13, no. 1 (January 1, 1989): 221–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.13.1.14boo.

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Archibald, John. "Second Language Phonology as Redeployment of LI Phonological Knowledge." Canadian Journal of Linguistics/Revue canadienne de linguistique 50, no. 1-4 (December 2005): 285–314. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0008413100003741.

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AbstractThis article presents research showing that second language (L2) learners do not have deficient representations and they are capable of acquiring structures that are absent from their first language (L1). The Redeployment Hypothesis—which claims that L2 phonologies include novel representations created via redeployment of L1 phonological components—is consistent with data from several domains, including acquisition of phonological features, syllable structure, moraic structure, and metrical structure. Moreover, it is shown that input prominence plays a role in L2 acquisition, and that language learners are sensitive to robust phonetic cues. Finally, studies done on interlingual homographs and homophones argue for non-selective access to the bilingual lexicon, suggesting that the language processing capacity is always engaged.

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Köhnlein, Björn. "Apparent exceptions to final devoicing in High Prussian: A metrical analysis." Journal of Germanic Linguistics 30, no. 4 (December 2018): 371–412. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1470542718000016.

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High Prussian, a variety of East Central German, has a segmentally opaque process of final devoicing: Only some forms with underlyingly voiced obstruents devoice at the end of a word. This phenomenon can also be observed in some morphological alternations where simplex forms show final devoicing but complex ones do not. This paper provides a metrical analysis of final devoicing and two related phenomena: spirantization, and an interaction of vowel length in high vowels and obstruent voicing. It is claimed that nondevoicing items contain disyllabic foot templates and that word-final consonants are then syllabified as onsets of empty-headed word-final syllables. The analysis demonstrates how evidence from West Germanic dialects can contribute to our understanding of the phonology of laryngeal features and to the role that metrical structure can play in shaping phonological alternations.*

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Kager, René, and Ellis Visch. "Metrical constituency and rhythmic adjustment." Phonology 5, no. 1 (May 1988): 21–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700002189.

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Over the past few years, research in metrical phonology has witnessed a shift in its main topic of investigation. Originally, attention was focused on the representation of prominence patterns of words (for example, Liberman & Prince 1977; Kiparsky 1979; Selkirk 1980; Hayes 1981), but more recently interest has arisen in several sorts of ‘rhythmic’ stress phenomena in larger domains (Prince 1983; Hayes 1984; Selkirk 1984; Hammond 1984; Giegerich 1985). One way of explaining this shift is by noting that the issue of the treatment of prominence patterns proper seems to have reached a stage where both grid-only (i.e. tree-less) theory and variants of tree-fulltheories, whether or not they employ grids as well, are capable of explaining the prominence patterns of words (see, for instance, Prince 1983; van der Hulst 1984). In this situation, investigation of rhythmic stress phenomena may offer the possibility of evaluating these theories because, as currently perceived, this area typically deals with the issue of whether metrical tree structure is needed at all, or whether grid structure by itself is capable of explaining rhythmic adjustments: on the one hand, grid-only theory claims that any constituency relevant to rhythmic adjustment is adequately encoded in the grid; on the other, tree theory holds that more detailed, or perhaps different, constituent information is required, as expressed in the metrical tree.

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Lodge, Ken. "Allegro rules in colloquial Thai: some thoughts on process phonology." Journal of Linguistics 22, no. 2 (September 1986): 331–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022226700010823.

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As part of an investigation into rapid speech and its rule-based processes, I want to present an analysis of colloquial spoken Thai and show how different tempi can be related to one another. I also want to see whether the processes displayed by colloquial Thai fit into the general picture of phonological processes which has emerged over the past 15 years or so (roughly Stampe, 1969, onwards) within different theoretical frameworks. In particular I shall try to relate my findings to the increasingly accepted notions of richer phonological structure now being envisaged (e.g. Clements & Keyser, 1983 – tridimensional; Goldsmith, 1976 a & b – autosegmental; Liberman & Prince, 1977 and Kiparsky, 1979 – metrical; Anderson & Ewen, 1980, and Durand, 1986 a – dependency).

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Jaker, Alessandro, and Paul Kiparsky. "Level ordering and opacity in Tetsǫ́t’ıné: a Stratal OT account." Phonology 37, no. 4 (November 2020): 617–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675720000299.

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Dene (Athabaskan) verbs are widely known for their complex morphophonology. The most complex patterns are associated with two conjugation markers, /s/ and /n/, which are associated with a floating H tone to their immediate left. In this paper, we provide an analysis of /θe/ and /ɲe/, the reflexes of the /s/ and /n/ conjugations in Tetsǫ́t’ıné. Whereas previous accounts of these conjugations have relied heavily on morphological conditioning, we show that, once level ordering, autosegmental phonology and metrical phonology are brought to bear on the problem, morphological conditioning is not required. Within the framework of Stratal OT, we propose the Domain Reference Hypothesis, by which phonological constraints may only refer to morphological domains and their edges. In addition, we show that in Tetsǫ́t’ıné there is a correlation between phonological opacity and morphological structure, as predicted by the Stratal OT model.

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Nespor, Marina, and Irene Vogel. "On clashes and lapses." Phonology 6, no. 1 (May 1989): 69–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0952675700000956.

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In phonology, one of the generalisations that seems to hold true across most, if not all, languages is that the overall rhythmic pattern tends to be organised such that there is an alternation of strong and weak syllables (cf. among others, Hayes 1980, 1984; Prince 1983; Selkirk 1984). In other words, languages tend to avoid strings of adjacent strong syllables, as well as strings of adjacent weak syllables. These generalisations are expressed by clauses (a) and (b), respectively, of Selkirk's Principle of Rhythmic Alternation (PRA):(1)Principle of Rhythmic Alternation(Selkirk 1984: 52)a. Every strong position on a metrical levelnshould be followed by at least one weak position on that levelb. Any weak position on a metrical levelnmay be preceded by at most one weak position on that levelOf course, the underlying rhythmic patterns of a language are not always in conformity with the PRA.

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van der Pas, Brigit, Daan Wissing, and Wim Zonneveld. "Parameter Resetting In Metrical Phonology: The Case of Setswana and English." South African Journal of Linguistics 18, sup38 (December 2000): 55–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10118063.2000.9724565.

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Pearl, Lisa, Timothy Ho, and Zephyr Detrano. "More learnable than thou? Testing metrical phonology representations with childdirected speech." Annual Meeting of the Berkeley Linguistics Society 40 (December 21, 2014): 398. http://dx.doi.org/10.3765/bls.v40i0.3150.

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Schwartz, Richard G. "Clinical Applications of Recent Advances in Phonological Theory." Language, Speech, and Hearing Services in Schools 23, no. 3 (July 1992): 269–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/0161-1461.2303.269.

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Historically, the behavioral theory of articulation that was applied to clinical assessment was consistent with the behavioral theory of developmental change that was applied to intervention. However, more recent applications of cognitively oriented linguistic theories have not been accompanied by novel intervention approaches. This article reviews some recent advances in phonological theories, including autosegmental, metrical, and lexical phonology, and their potential applications. A new theory of developmental change that also is cognitive in its orientation is presented, along with some preliminary suggestions for clinical applications.

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Sara, Solomon I. "Phonetics and phonology 1949–1989." Historiographia Linguistica 17, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1990): 211–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.17.1-2.15sar.

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Summary Phonetics and Phonology have had noticeable developments in the last forty years: phonetics from the articulatory descriptions of sounds of Pike’s Phonetics (1943), to a physiological set of distinctive features of Chomsky & Halle’s The Sound Pattern of English (1968); the acoustic displays of Potter’s Visible Speech (1947) to a set of acoustic distinctive features in Jakobson, Fant, Halle’s Preliminaries (1951). Suprasegmental characterizations have developed from impressionistic labels of tone, stress, length and intonation to an experimentally quantifiable set of parameters characterizing these aspects of speech in a unified manner in Lehiste’s Suprasegmentals (1970). Phonology progressed from the autonomous to the integrated, and from the structural to the transformational/generative, from Pike’s Phonemics (1947), and Trubetzkoy’s Grundzüge (1939) to a complex system of levels/tiers/strata that represent speech in a more detailed, holistic and integrated manner. Current approaches recognize not only the features and segments of the speech continuum, but the rules that organize these into the phonological system. Approaches to the explanation of this organization have been many: the segmental/sequential approach of American phonemicists, Praguian phonologists and early generativists developed into a phonological component that consists of segments, organized into syllables that pattern into rhythmic feet which constitute the geometry of the sequence as a multi level/tier/stratum. These developments are all considered generative, but labelled Natural-Generative, Autosegmental-Genera-tive, Non-Linear-Generative, Metrical-Generative, etc. ‘Generative’ is kept to maintain the twin characteristics of being integrated and rule governed. There has been a shift in the paradigm: from segments to features and from structural to transformational with significant developments in both paradigms in the last forty years.

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LLORET, MARIA-ROSA. "L’EXCEPCIONALITAT SIL·LÀBICA DE S: DE FABRA ALS NOSTRES DIES*." Catalan Review 22, no. 1 (January 1, 2008): 265–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/catr.22.17.

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The role of the syllable in phonological theory has become crucial since the early Prague School. Evidence for the organization of a phonological string into syllables —or sonority peaks— according to the degree of sonority of segments and the characteristic rising-falling sonority profile is plentiful; however, phonologists from different perspectives agree that the ‘exceptional’ behavior of sibilant fricatives (especially s) with respect to syllabification, which may create a sonority reversal (as in the coda -[kst] in text), is disruptive and try to explain this oddity through alternative measures of sonority or some version of extrasyllabicity. In this paper we overview this long-lasting problem for all major theoretical frameworks, focusing on the phonology of Catalan and on the way this issue has been dealt with in the Catalan literature from early Fabra’s Praguean work through modern generative approaches including autosegmental and metrical phonology to recent optimality-theory views.

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Molineaux, Benjamin. "The diachrony of Mapudungun stress assignment." Papers in Historical Phonology 2 (April 18, 2017): 1–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2218/pihph.2.2017.1846.

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Stress assignment is one of the most widely-known and controversial aspects of present-day Mapudungun (aka Araucanian) phonology. Here, the diachrony of the phenomenon is explored based on the available written record spanning 1606–1936. Having surveyed these sparse but suggestive data, and contrasted them with present-day evidence, I suggest four distinct stages of development. Ultimately, I go on to argue that Mapudungun has undergone changes both to the morphological and metrical domains which determine stress assignment. At the level of the morphology, stress appears to have changed from marking the edge of verbal roots, to marking the edge of stems. In terms of metrical units, the apparent lack of weight-sensitivity in the earliest stages of the language is replaced by a decidedly weight-sensitive system towards the end. Finally, I argue that stress assignment in Mapudungun is subordinate to morpho-phonological transparency both synchronically and diachronically, allowing the position of stress to vary in order to highlight the morphology.

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Gil, Juana. "The binarity hypothesis in phonology: 1938–1985." Historiographia Linguistica 16, no. 1-2 (January 1, 1989): 61–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/hl.16.1-2.05gil.

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Summary This paper presents a short history of what has been one of the central hypotheses of phonological theory for many years. The binarity problem has been one of most discussed issues of distinctive feature theory since it was first formulated. In structural phonology (more precisely, the Jakobsonian system) binarism has always been a fundamental concept, and most phonological systems have been based on it. Similarly, all the underlying representations postulated in the SPE framework are thought of as being binary. In current phonology, however, the main interest of many investigators has moved to the suprasegmental level or to metrical phonology, and consequently, the binarity problem remains unresolved. There have been numerous and varied opinions regarding binarism in distinctive feature theory. Some authors argue that binarity proposals are not compatible with phenomena such as coarticulation, but others claim that the non-positivist nature of phonological analysis and the indisputable usefulness of binary features are arguments strong enough to maintain the hypothesis. Finally, other linguists (working from different perspectives) propose a somewhat more relaxed conception of binarity adopting its basic implications. It seems, therefore, time for a review of this classic problem in modern phonology. At the same time, it is also worth restating the question and trying to get some insight into it using the instrumental methods that phonetics provide. This seems to be the construct truly corresponding to the speaker’s mind.

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Jarvis, Simon. "Superversive Poetics: Browning’s Fifine at the Fair." Modern Language Quarterly 77, no. 1 (March 1, 2016): 121–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1215/00267929-3331622.

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Abstract A superversive line is that line in a given poem which most eminently exploits the play between syntactic and metrical segmentation, between an ordinary and a special phonology; which peculiarizes verse as verse. A superversive poetics places composition and technique, not theme and representation, at the center of the historically material practices of poetry. For superversive poetics, poems are not only representations but also quite singular machines, devices for body modification. Here the verse repertoire of Robert Browning’s Fifine at the Fair, in particular its exploitation of bimetricality, is explored from the point of view of such a poetics.

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BENNETT, RYAN. "Output optimization in the Irish plural system." Journal of Linguistics 53, no. 2 (October 12, 2015): 229–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s002222671500033x.

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In this paper I argue that a subpattern of Irish plural allomorphy should be analyzed as output optimizing in character. Specifically, I claim that stress-sensitive alternations between the plural suffixes-(e)annaand-(e)achaare conditioned by constraints on metrical well-formedness. This analysis connects with independent facts about the the prosodic prominence of [ax] sequences in Irish phonology. I further argue that an explanatory analysis of these patterns must make use of the notion of surface optimization. Alternative frameworks that eschew surface-oriented optimization mechanisms fail to account for synchronic and diachronic properties of the Irish plural system.

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Bates, Dawn. "Metrical phonology and phonological structure: German and English By Heinz J. Giegerich." Language 62, no. 3 (1986): 706–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/lan.1986.0094.

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Suciati, Suciati, and Yuniar Diyanti. "Suprasegmental Features of Indonesian Students’ English Pronunciation and the Pedagogical Implication." SAGA: Journal of English Language Teaching and Applied Linguistics 2, no. 1 (January 4, 2021): 9–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.21460/saga.2020.21.62.

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This minor study aims at describing learners’ features of pronunciation in terms of their suprasegmental aspects found in their speech. Students were asked to read aloud a text entitled The Gorilla Joke from the © BBC British Council 2006. Students oral narrations were then analysed in terms of their intonation pattern and stress assignment in sentence level. A metrical analysis was also used to show how students produced their speech rhythm. The result of the analysis shows that given the same text to read students may produce various combination of intonation patterns. Students also misplaced stress within the syllables or assigned no stress at all. Based on the metrical phonology analysis, learners did not assign foot timely based on the timing units in connected speeches. The speech production is more like a broken speech. Students also neglected the morphophonemics rules in which they did not produce the appropriate allomorphs [t], [d], and [id] in the past participle words. These features bring about some pedagogical implication. Keywords: student’ pronunciation features, suprasegmental aspects

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Crasborn, Onno A., Els van der Kooij, and Johan Ros. "On the weight of phrase-final prosodic words in a sign language." New Methodologies in Sign Language Phonology: Papers from TISLR 10 15, no. 1 (August 29, 2012): 11–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sll.15.1.02cra.

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This article seeks to explore a prosodic explanation for the frequent occurrence of pointing signs phrase-finally. Corpus data from Sign Language of the Netherlands (NGT) show that indeed pointing signs occur highly frequently at the end of sentences, and an elicitation study shows that pointing signs, other light lexical elements, and phonetic phenomena like final holds occur in alternation in NGT. The addition of a final mora to the end of a phrase is argued not to be sufficient to account for these alternations. A complementary analysis in terms of prosodic and metrical phonology is sketched, whereby the final foot or prosodic word is required to be minimally trimoraic.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Metrical phonology'

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