Academic literature on the topic 'Metro de Caracas'

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Journal articles on the topic "Metro de Caracas"

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Kingsbury, Donald V. "Infrastructure and Insurrection: The Caracas Metro and the Right to the City in Venezuela." Latin American Research Review 52, no. 5 (2017): 775–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.25222/larr.244.

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Ladera, Celso L., Carlos Millán, and José Paredes. "An intriguing case of real-life physics: the tilting of Venezuelan coins in the Caracas Metro." European Journal of Physics 19, no. 3 (May 1, 1998): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0143-0807/19/3/010.

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Pérez-Macías-de-Zerpa, Mildred. "Identificación prospectiva de factores en el proceso de gestión ambiental urbana de la “Estación Metro Petare”, Caracas, Venezuela." CienciaUAT 7, no. 2 (June 30, 2013): 29. http://dx.doi.org/10.29059/cienciauat.v7i2.14.

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Los espacios públicos pertenecientes a la Parro­quia Petare, del Municipio Sucre, Región Capital Venezuela, han sido invadidos por el comercio informal, afectando la calidad del ambiente urrbano. El objetivo de esta investigación fue identificar prospectivamente, factores de la gestión ambiental urbana para el rescate de la estación de metro Petare desde el enfoque del desarrollo sostenible. Para ello, se realizaron 28 reuniones de tormenta de ideas con los representantes de los diferentes grupos sociales (80 ciudadanos) que hacen vida en el espacio público estudiado. Primero, se llevaron a cabo 8 reuniones, donde se identificaron los 35 factores de mayor influen­cia desde la perspectiva de los participantes. A partir de estos factores se realizaron 575 en­cuestas en sitio (estación de metro Petare) para establecer la influencia directa de cada uno de los actores en la problemática. Durante 10 reunio­nes realizadas, de acuerdo a los resultados de las encuestas, y aplicando la Técnica de Pareto para evaluar la clasificación directa, se obtuvieron los 16 factores más influyentes. En las últimas 10 reu­niones se aplicaron métodos prospectivos, con el fin de establecer las variables ocultas influyentes para el desarrollo de un plan de recuperación del sitio. Se encontró que tanto la sana interacción social como la restricción de comercio informal, son variables objetivo con gran potencial de via­bilidad, que permitirían la generación de un plan de gestión consensuado, sostenible en el tiempo y viable en el corto y mediano plazo en una sana gobernabilidad del espacio. La conclusión más sobresaliente, fue que la participación ciudada­na orientada a reconocer la variable ambiente, permitió la identificación de factores influyentes de gestión urbana en espacios públicos que, por diferentes razones, han sido vulnerados con actividades no acordes a su función como parte del contexto urbano.
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Rosales, Domingo, and Erick Vidal. "Magnetic susceptibility, magnetization, magnetic moment and characterization of Carancas meteorite." Revista Geofísica, no. 64 (August 22, 2019): 45–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.35424/regeofi.v0i64.308.

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El 15 de septiembre del 2007, en la comunidad de Carancas (Puno, Perú) un meteo- rito rocoso formó un cráter de tipo explosivo con un diámetro promedio de 13.5m varias muestras de fragmentos de meteorito fueron coleccionados. El análisis petro- lógico realizado indica que corresponde a un meteorito del tipo condrito ordinario H 4-5. En el presente trabajo analizamos las propiedades magnéticas de un fragmento del meteorito con un magnetómetro de protones. Con la finalidad de tener una completa caracterización del meteorito de Caran- cas y su cráter, a partir de diversas publicaciones, artículos y reportes, realizamos una compilación de las más importantes características y propiedades de este me- teorito.
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Santos da Silva, J. G., and G. L. Debona. "Utilização de Estruturas de Aço para o Projeto e Construção Sustentável da Plataforma Skyglass Canela." Metálica, no. 61 (March 31, 2021): 22–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.30779/cmm_metalica_61_05.

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Conhecido internacionalmente por possuir um clima tropical, com belas praias e cenários paradisíacos, o Brasil é uma das referências em turismo nesta área, principalmente tendo em mente a região nordeste. Entretanto, o sul brasileiro também representa um excelente destino para quem procura conforto, cultura e, claro, uma temperatura mais agradável. Neste quesito, o estado do Rio Grande do Sul/RS se destaca por possuir a “serra gaúcha”, região serrana do estado, sendo um dos destinos mais procurados e visitados no Brasil, atraindo milhões de pessoas por ano devido ao seu clima, pontos turísticos e culinários [1]. As cidades de Gramado/RS e Canela/RS, localizadas na “serra gaúcha”, representam os pontos turísticos mais famosos e cobiçados da região sul do Brasil, apresentando as quatro estações do ano de maneira bem definida, com invernos mais intensos, podendo inclusive nevar, e verões com temperaturas mais amenas, alcançando até os 25ºC, e favorecendo os passeios ao ar livre [1]. A cidade de Gramado/RS, localizada a 120 km de Porto Alegre, capital do Rio Grande do Sul/RS, é conhecida pelo turismo no interior de museus, casas de founde, além do tradicional “Natal Luz de Gramado”, iniciado em 1986 e contando com mais de 500 atrações [1] [2]. De outra forma, Canela/ RS, cidade vizinha distante apenas sete quilômetros de Gramado é bastante conhecida pelos passeios ao ar livre, valorizados pela natureza exuberante, e por sua gastronomia. O principal cartão postal da cidade é a Cascata do Caracol com uma queda d’água de 131 metros, localizada no Parque Estadual do Caracol em uma área preservada de 25 hectares (Figura 1) [2]. Neste contexto, a partir de 17 de dezembro de 2020, o município de Canela ganhou um novo concorrente para o principal ponto turístico da cidade, correspondente a uma plataforma estaiada de aço e vidro, denominada comumente de Skyglass (Figura 2) [3].
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Vainikainen, Vesa, Juhani Itämies, Erkki Pulliainen, and Paavo Tunkkari. "Mobility, population size and life time pattern of Carabus glabratus (Coleoptera, Carabidae) under extreme northern forest conditions." Entomologica Fennica 9, no. 4 (December 1, 1998): 217–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.33338/ef.83985.

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The study was carried out in the Vaniotunturi fell area (67°44'N, 29°37 'E) under northern taiga forest conditions. The habitat, a Pinus heath is extremely poor and monotonous. Altogether 196 pitfall traps 10 metres apart (Ø 8.5 cm, height 10.3 cm, with a lid 5 cm above the trap) arranged in a quadrat were used in 1991, and the same field with an additional40 traps placed one trap at each end of a two-metre wall was used from 1992 to 1994. The individuals of Carabus glabratus were marked with a small label cut off from a traffic sign sticker in 1991 and 1992. Only these captured and marked ones were recorded in the following years. In 1994 the trapping was done by killing the beetles. 524 individuals were marked. Males dominated in both years. The recapture proportion was significantly higher for the beetles marked in 1992 than for those of the previous year. The marked beetles were recaptured within four days on average. The estimated maximal population size in 1991 was 1400 individuals, occurring at the beginning of July, while in 1992 it was 3000 exx., in the middle of June. About 15% of the beetles marked in 1991 were caught at least once during the year of marking. Two years after marking, the proportion of recaptures decreased to 2%, but one male marked in 1991 was still captured in 1994.
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PROSDOCIMI, GUILHERME A. S., MARCO A. DA S. BRAGA, MARCELO R. BARBOSA, and IURI VIANA BRANDI. "GEOELECTRICAL SIGNATURES AND THEIR RELATIONSHIPS WITH THE LATERITIC HORIZONS: A CASE STUDY OF THE N4EN MINE’S IRON CAVE, CARAJÁS COMPLEX, BRAZIL." Brazilian Journal of Geophysics 37, no. 4 (December 17, 2019): 235. http://dx.doi.org/10.22564/rbgf.v37i4.2013.

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ABSTRACT The Brazilian speleological heritage is protected by laws, and every region where caves are present requires scientific studies to assist in environmental licensing. In the context of mining in iron formations, the near-surface geophysical studies using electroresistivity survey were performed in the cave N4E-0022, located at the N4EN iron mine, Carajás Complex, northern Brazil. The near-surface geophysical surveys generated continuous images that enhanced the lithostructural mapping of the lateritic profile, especially in places to which access by conventional methods was difficult. The electrical resistivity profiles were acquired with the dipole-dipole arrangement in the upper portion of the cave. Three sections were performed in SW-NE direction and two in SE-NW direction, totaling 435 meters of acquisition. The geoelectrical signatures were correlated with the lithologic logs of drillholes, the geophysical well logging and with the typical lateritic profile in the cave N4E-0022 surroundings. The results showed a satisfactory interpretation for the near-surface geoelectrical profiles and evolved to a comparison with the lateritic profile (lateritic crust, transition horizon, and saprolite horizon), providing inherent resistivity signatures for each modeled material.Keywords: applied geophysics, iron cave, Carajás.RESUMO O patrimônio espeleológico brasileiro é protegido por leis, e qualquer região com a presença de cavidades precisa de estudos científicos para auxiliar o licenciamento de empreendimentos. No contexto da mineração em terrenos ferríferos, estudos geofísicos rasos utilizando eletrorresistividade foram executados na cavidade N4E-0022, localizada no extremo norte da Mina de N4EN, Complexo Carajás. A geofísica rasa gerou imagens contínuas que potencializaram o mapeamento lito-estrutural do substrato rochoso, principalmente em locais de difícil acesso aos métodos convencionais. Os perfis de eletrorresistividade foram adquiridos com arranjo dipolo-dipolo na porção superior da cavidade. de modo paralelo entre si na porção superior da cavidade. Três seções foram executadas na direção SW-NE e duas na direção SE-NW, totalizando 435 metros de aquisição. As assinaturas geoelétricas das seções foram correlacionadas com as descrições litológicas de furos de sondagem, perfilagens geofísicas de furos de sonda e o mapeamento de detalhe do perfil laterítico no entorno da cavidade N4E-0022, evidenciando um resultado satisfatório para as interpretações realizadas. Os resultados evoluíram para uma comparação com o perfil de alteração típico de rochas ferruginosas (crosta laterítica, horizonte de transição e saprolito), e forneceram assinaturas de resistividades inerentes à cada material modelado. Palavras-chave: geofísica aplicada, caverna ferrífera, Carajás.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metro de Caracas"

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MUSTIELES, GRANELL FRANCISCO. "Le cout economique d'un service public urbain : le cas du metro de caracas." Paris 12, 1994. http://www.theses.fr/1994PA120010.

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L'analyse des etudes de la banque mondiale concernant l'evaluation "economique" de metros a permis de constater: (a) qu'une distinction aussi elementaire que la distinction entre la depense et le cout n'y est pas faite, et (b) que si on sait combien le promoteur d'un projet de metro depense pour sa construction et son fonctionnement, personne ne sait combien il coute a la collectivite. L'approche de la banque a fait prevaloir les aspects comptables et financiers, sur les economiques: la depense sur le cout. On s'est propose de porter le regard sur l'evaluation economique "ex-post" des couts internes d'un metro. On y a formule 2 hypotheses: (1) la notion de cout interne peut etre precisee par rapport a la notion depense, et elle peut etre mise en oeuvre, et (ii) les couts internes ne sont pas necessairement plus importants que les depenses. Par rapport a la premiere hypothese, on a precise aussi bien la notion cout que la notion depense, ainsi qu'une methode pragmatique permettant d'estimer les couts a partir des depenses; la mise en application de cette methode au metro de caracas a permis de montrer : (i) que les depenses d'investissements affichees etaient inferieures de 15% des couts d'investissements, le cout economique des equipements etait 41% superieur a la facture reglee par l'etat pour equiper le reseau, et (ii) que les depenses de fonctionnement depassaient de 10% les couts respectifs. Par rapport a la deuxieme hypothese, on a demontre qu'effectivement les couts internes ne sont pas necessairement plus importants que les depenses internes: les couts d'investissements depassaient de 15% les depenses, les depenses de personnel, energie et frais generaux depassaient leurs couts, tandis que les couts de maintenance etaient largement superieurs aux depenses
The analysis of the world bank studies concerning metro economical evaluation permits to state: a) an elementary distinction between expense and cost is non existent; b) the developers expenses for construction and operation are known, but nobody knows how much it cost the community. The bank's approach favored the financial and accountant aspects over the economical ones: expenses over costs. Pur proposal was to observe the economical evaluation of the internal costs of a metro. We have made 2 hypothesis: i) the cost notion can be specified compared to the expense notion and it can be worked out; ii) internal costs are not necessarily more important than internal expenses. About the first hypothesis, the cost notion is as precise as the expense notion, as well as a pragmatic method to estimate costs starting for expenses. After applying this method to evaluate the caracas metro, we were able to show that: i) the investment expenses stated were 15% lower than the investment costs. The equipment's economical cost was 41% higher than the bill that the government paid to equip the network; ii) operational expenses were 10% higher than the operational costs. Concerning the second hypothesis, we have showed that the internal costs are not necessarily more important than th internal expenses: the investment costs exceeded expenses (15%); the staff expenses, energy and general expenditures were higher than its costs, while maintenance costs were by far more important than its expenses
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Ocana, Ortiz Rosa. "LA REORGANISATION DU SYSTEME DE TRANSPORT COLLECTIF DE SURFACE A CARACAS A PARTIR DE LA MISE EN SERVICE DU METRO." Phd thesis, Université Paris XII Val de Marne, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00345085.

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A Caracas, comme dans la plupart des villes où il a été envisagé de mettre en place un métro, celui-çi est conçu comme l'épine dorsale du système de transport de la ville. Pour mettre cette conception en pratique, il est normalemeont nécessaire de restructurer le réseau de transport de surface et de repenser le système de transport. Le modèle promu par la RATP, concepteur du métro de Caracas, implique en particulier de s'attacher aux relations entre les différents modes de transport, à travers la création d'une autorité organisatrice de transport et une intégration intermodale (physique, tarifaire et institutionnelle). A Caracas, comme ailleurs, ces problèmes sont abordés dans le projet du métro mais sur le terrain, peu de solutions concrètes sont évoquées. D'où l'objet de cette thèse de connaître la transformation de l'offre de transport collectif urbain de Caracas après la mise en service du métro et de comprendre pourquoi l'intégration des différents modes de transport collectif urbain a été impossible
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OCANA, ORTIZ ROSA-VIRGINI. "La reorganisation du systeme de transport collectif de surface a caracas a partir de la mise en service du metro." Paris 12, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993PA120010.

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Le service de transport collectif urbain de caracas correspond a un marche concurrentiel ou des nouveaux modes de transport ont ete introduits a partir de 1983 : le metro, puis les autobus de la compagnie du metro. Ces deux nouvelles composantes de l'offre sont venues modifier le systeme de transport collectif urbain, sans le casser. Ils ont occasionne des changements sur les divers modes de transport collectif sur les "por puestos", les autobus et les jeeps. Cependant, bien que ces changements mettent en cause les caracteristiques du systeme (introduction d'une nouvelle technologie), ils ne changent pas les logiques du systeme. L'introduction du metro et des "metrobus" n'ont provoque qu'une nouvelle repartition du marche et un reajustement dans l'offre de transport. L'objet de cette these est donc de connaitre la transformation de l'offre de transport collectif urbain de caracas apres la mise en service du metro et de comprendre pourquoi l'integration des differents modes de transport collectif urbain a ete impossible
The caracas public transport service is merged into a competitive market in which new transport modes have been introduced since 1983 : the metropolitan, followed by the buses of the metropolitan railway company. The purpose of this thesis is to know about the transformation in the caracas public transport offer after the inauguration of the metropolitan railway, and to understand why the integration of the various public transport modes has been impossible
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Boada, Bonillo Simon. "Le Métro de Caracas ses répercussions sur l'ouest de la capitale vénézuélienne /." Lille 3 : ANRT, 1988. http://catalogue.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/cb376030510.

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Duran, Alexandra Elizabeth Biagioni. "Impacto do metrô na estrutura urbana e na renda do solo em uma conjuntura de crise econômica: estudo de casos no corredor do metrô de Caracas: estimativas de rentabilidade das operações imobiliarias." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 1990. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/5232.

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Made available in DSpace on 2010-04-20T20:17:14Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 1990-07-05T00:00:00Z
A construção de um meio de transporte como o merô nas sociedades capitalistas, vai muito além de ser um sistemas para favorecer a movimentação de pessoas e subsanar os problemas de transporte público; ele também ocasiona muidanças na configuração da Estrutura Urbana, redefinindo suas características, e portanto, ocasionando modificações sobre as atividades Sócio-Econômica do espaço. A aparição do metrô na cidade de Caracas, cuja primeira etapa começou a funcionar em janeiro de 1983 e sua relação com a renda do solo oferece um campo potencial de pesquisa em torno dos efeitos de valorização das zonas por onde ele passa, as quais adquirem uma nova hierarquia e um renovado interesse para novos investimentos imobiliários
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Jesus, Patrícia Fernandes de. "A cidade através do espaço público." Master's thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.6/2145.

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Os bairros da América Latina caracterizam-se pela particular forma de vida dos seus habitantes, pela maneira como estas sociedades vivem o espaço urbano, o modificam e o adaptam de modo a que este se molde às suas necessidades. Muitos deles foram sendo construídos sem qualquer regra de planeamento urbanístico, sem preocupação de continuidade com a malha urbana, através de arquiteturas informais. Este crescimento urbano repercute-se numa estrutura espacial desordenada, que marca a cidade e contamina negativamente a imagem do bairro e que marginaliza os que nele habitam. Consequentemente, cria-se um abismo entre o mundo do bairro informal e a restante sociedade/cidade formal, quer em termos socioeconómicos quer em termos espaciais. Esta segregação deve-se não apenas às diferenças socioeconómicas das populações, mas também e principalmente à imagem descaracterizada, degradada e desqualificada quer ao nível do edificado quer ao nível dos espaços públicos. Consequentemente estes bairros vão quebrando a continuidade com a malha urbana existente, passando a ser vistos como algo exterior à cidade, algo que não lhe pertence, como espaços com regras diferentes, guetos ou vazios urbanos em termos socioeconómicos. Esta demarcação do espaço cria uma separação espacial e simultaneamente agrava os conflitos e as diferenças sociais. Por outro lado, contribui para a criação de uma barreira no imaginário coletivo da população, que separa o bairro do resto da cidade. Neste processo até os espaços públicos, tradicionalmente vistos como elementos de ligação e continuidade urbana, se tornam autênticos obstáculos à qualificação da cidade. Neste contexto, esta dissertação apresenta uma proposta de reabilitação urbana centrada em medidas projectuais de desenho urbano para os espaços públicos, para o largo da estação do Metro no bairro de Petáre na cidade de Caracas (Venezuela). Pretende-se com esta proposta contribuir para atenuar a segregação espacial e consequentemente social que actualmente caracterizam o bairro no contexto da cidade.
The neighborhoods of Latin America are characterized by particular way of life of its inhabitants, by the way these societies live urban space, adapted and change so that it is molded to their needs. Many of them were built without any rule of urban planning, without concern for continuity with the urban fabric through informal architectures. This urban growth is reflected in a disordered spatial structure that marks the city and contaminates negatively the image of the neighborhood, and marginalizes those who inhabit it. Consequently, it creates a gap between the world of informal neighborhood and the rest of the formal society/city, both in socio-economic terms and in terms of space. This segregation is due not only to socio-economic differences of the populations, but also and, especially, the uncharacterized image, degraded and disqualified both in terms of buildings and in terms of public spaces. Therefore these neighborhoods will break continuity with the existing urban fabric, being seen as something outside the city, something that does not belong, as spaces with different rules, ghettos or urban voids in socioeconomic terms. This demarcation of space creates a spatial separation and simultaneously exacerbates conflicts and social differences. On the other hand, contributes to the creation of a barrier in the collective imagination of the population that separates the neighborhood from the rest of the city. In this process even public space, traditionally viewed as connecting elements and urban continuity, become obstacles to authentic city qualification. In this context, this paper presents a proposal for urban renewal centered on projective measures of urban design for public spaces, for the Metro station in the neighborhood of Petare in Caracas (Venezuela). The intention of this proposal is to contribute to alleviating the spatial segregation and consequently social, that currently characterizes the social neighborhood in the city context.
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Books on the topic "Metro de Caracas"

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Lucca, Rafael Arráiz. Ciudadanía en movimiento: La línea 4 del Metro de Caracas = Citizenry on movement : line 4 of Caracas Metro. [Caracas, Venezuela]: Odebrecht, 2006.

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1941-, Padrón Toro Antonio, and Cabrera Alfredo, eds. Historia de un boleto: El Metro de Caracas. Caracas, Venezuela: APT Producciones, 1989.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metro de Caracas"

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Tobia, G. "Caracas Metro system: evolution and impact." In Rail mass transit for developing countries, 223–40. Thomas Telford Publishing, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/rmtfdc.15609.0014.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metro de Caracas"

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Vittori, Felipe, Luis Rojas-Solo´rzano, Armando J. Blanco, and Rafael Urbina. "Numerical Study of Smoke Propagation in a Simulated Fire in a Wagon Within a Subway Tunnel." In ASME 2008 Fluids Engineering Division Summer Meeting collocated with the Heat Transfer, Energy Sustainability, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm2008-55281.

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This work deals with the numerical (CFD) analysis of the smoke propagation during fires within closed environments. It is evaluated the capacity of the emergency ventilation system in controlling the smoke propagation and minimizing the deadly impact of an eventual fire in a wagon within the Metro de Caracas subway tunnel on the passengers safety. For the study, it was chosen the tunnel section between Teatros and Nuevo Circo subway stations, which consists of two parallel independent twin tunnels, connected through a transverse passage. The tunnels are provided by a longitudinal ventilation system, integrated by a set of reversible fans located at both ends of the tunnels. Three stages were considered in the study: (a) Model set up; (b) Mesh sensitivity analysis; (c) Validation of the physical-numerical parameters to be used in the numerical model; and (d) Simulation of fire scenarios in Metro de Caracas subway stations. Stages (b)–(c), aimed to testing and calibrating the CFD tool (ANSYS-CFX10™), focused on reproducing experimental data from Vauquelin and Me´gret [1], who studied the smoke propagation in a fire within a 1:20 scale road tunnel. Stage (d) critical scenarios were established via a preliminary discussion with safety experts from Metro de Caracas, in order to reduce the computer memory and the number of simulations to be performed. The analyses assessed the reliability of escape routes and alternative paths for the evacuation of passengers. Additionally, the smoke front movement was particularly computed, as a function of time, in order to determine the possible presence of the “backlayering” phenomenon [5]. Results demonstrate the strengths and weaknesses of the current ventilation system in the event of a fire in the subway tunnel, and suggest new strategies to address this potentially lethal event to minimize the risks for passengers.
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