Academic literature on the topic 'Metro Police Department'

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to draw a better understanding of the potential impact of daylight in officer decision making. In order to this, the authors test the veil of darkness hypothesis, which theorizes that racial bias in traffic stops can be tested by controlling for the impact of daylight, while operating under the assumption that driver patterns remain constant across race.Design/methodology/approachPublicly available traffic-stop records from the Louisville Metro Police Department for January 2010–2019. The analysis includes both propensity score matching to examine the impact of daylight in similarly situated stops and coefficients testing to analyze how VOD may vary in citation-specific models.FindingsThe results show that using PSM following the VOD hypothesis does show evidence of racial bias, with Black drivers more likely to be stopped. Moreover, the effects of daylight significantly varied across citation-specific models.Research limitations/implicationsThe data are self-reported from the officer and do not contain information on the vehicle make or model.Practical implicationsThis paper shows that utilizing PSM and coefficients testing provides for a better analysis following the VOD hypothesis and does a better job of understanding the impact of daylight and the officer decision-making on traffic stops.Social implicationsBased on the quality of the data, the findings show that the use of VOD allows for the performance of more rigorous analyses of traffic stop data – giving police departments a better way to examine if racial profiling is evident.Originality/valueThis is the first study (to the researchers' knowledge) that applies the statistical analyses of PSM to the confines of the veil of darkness hypothesis.

Relevance. Internal Affairs employees during the anti-epidemic measures of COVID-19 period protected public order and the safety of citizens in crowded places. During the pandemic, according to departmental statistics, morbidity rates in police officers were 6.6 times higher than in general population and close to the healthcare professionals. Due to police officers' professional activities, the COVID-19 pandemic was associated not only with high contamination risks, but also with certain emotional stress and destabilization.Intention. To identify mental traumatization features in police officers who serve to protect public order and citizens safety during the COVID-19 pandemic.Methodology. 371 male employees of the Internal Affairs Headquarters in Moscow were surveyed. Three groups were identified: Group I - 127 police officers (average age 33.3 ± 1.1 years, service experience 6.1 ± 1.3 years) with positive test results and COVID-19 clinical manifestations (mild and moderate severity, inpatient and outpatient treatment) over the period from 10.04.2020 to 9.06.2020 (the restrictive measures and self-isolation period announced by the decree of the Russian Chief State Sanitary Doctor on 30.03.2020 N 9 “On additional measures to prevent the COVID-2019 spread in connection with the COVID-19 pandemic”); Group II - 118 healthy police officers (average age 30.9 ± 1.5 years, service experience 5.6 ± 1.9 years), without COVID-19 clinical manifestations but released from their duties as contacts; Group III - 126 healthy police officers (average age 32.4 ± 1.5 years, service experience 7.1 ± 1.9 years) not released from their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic, who protected public order in crowded places (patrolling streets, metro duty, etc.). Our questionnaire was intended for self-assessing mental state, and experimental psychological examination was also included. To meet the anti-epidemic requirements, respondents were surveyed online using electronic digital resources.Results and Discussion. Based on self-assessment results, police officers in all groups showed high levels of well-being, mood, performance and emotional stability on duty during the COVID-19 pandemic.Mental traumatization in police officers of the Group 1 was associated with increased personal anxiety and responses to everyday situations tended to be maladaptive, with physical and verbal aggression, irritation. In Group 2 employees, mental trauma included emotional stress and situational anxiety associated with the COVID-19 risk. Healthy police officers who were not released from their duties during the COVID-19 pandemic and continued to serve as law enforcement officers in crowded areas were prone to non-constructive responses to stress in the form of feelings of guilt, hostility, and irritability. In all respondents, constructive business relationships with direct managers and additional financial incentives helped prevent psychological trauma during the COVID-19 pandemic.Conclusion. The study results justify developing an algorithm for psycho-prevention in police officers during medical and biological emergencies, including psychological support, social support and a positive social environment in service teams. This will help prevent the psychological trauma and borderline mental disorders in police officers and, accordingly, increase their personal reliability and reduce damage to the Department image.

Goal-Directed Task Analysis is being applied to assessing the needs and requirements for developing novel techniques and tools to permit a small number of humans to supervise large robotic teams. The paper presents a preliminary overall goal hierarchy as well as a preliminary communication goal hierarchy based upon the initial analysis. This research involves working directly with the Nashville Metro Police department's Bomb Squad and the Nashville Metro Fire Department's HAZMAT team. The focus is the assessment of actual user needs and requirements employing well-defined user centered design practices in combination with Goal-Directed Task Analysis. The resulting Goal- Decision-SA structure will be employed to develop potential human-robot interaction designs for further qualitative and qualitative evaluation. The objective is to successfully integrate robots into the Chemical, Biological, Radiological, Nuclear and Explosive device search and rescue tasks such that the robots complement and augment the current human capabilities.

A study of suicide victims in those aged 65 years or more was done from the case files of the Medical Examiner Department of Metropolitan Dade County, Miami, Florida, during the years 1981, 1982, and 1983. A total of 222 cases were collected and analysed as to the age, race, sex, and cause of death of the victim along with blood alcohol content, toxicology, locale of the terminal incident, whether or not there was a suicide note, and the reason for depression. The latter most frequently was the victims' concern over their health.

Humans are social creatures who need other humans to fullfil their needs, communication and interaction have a crucial role to fullfil those needs. In order to the communication process can proceed smoothly, then at least human need to speak in polite in the communication. Religious norms and the community shows that politeness is necessary to properly maximized. Politeness in the relating of the Holy Qur'an about pronunciation, gestures and vocabulary was polite and adapted to the circumstances (environment). In social life, politeness is usually used to show respect for older people, but it would be better also if used against a fellow or a younger person. Politeness will minimize conflict and hostility. Because of it, the institution is one way of language education. STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro is an Islamic institution, that students have many educational backgrounds and is so different each other. Based on the mapping carried out showed that students of English Department Program, the majority coming from Senior High School (SMA). This study aims to determine the reality of politeness and influence of the educational background to the student politeness in English Study Program STAIN Jurai Siwo Metro. The method used in this research is quantitative descriptive, where interviews, observation and documentation used by researchers in collecting and obtaining data. From the data obtained show that the reality of politeness students have to realize elements of politeness. Furthermore, based on analysis of the data also showed that educational background gives affect student in politeness.

While most employers, managers, and employees have heard and read much about the #MeToo movement, little academic attention has been devoted to ethical analysis of office romance and sexual favoritism polices in the modern workplace. Everyone is likely to agree that romantic relationships will continue in the workplace regardless of organizational policies; nevertheless appropriate, policies should be in place to protect against any adverse legal consequences stemming from romantic relationships in the workplace; and these policies also should be promulgated and enforced in such a manner that all workplace policies and actions can be considered moral and ethical. Accordingly, in this article, we provide a thorough ethical analysis of office romance and sexual favoritism in the sensitive era of the #MeToo movement as well as the “canceled culture” era. We offer specific recommendations to management and human resources professionals on how to provide a safe and healthy work environment for all employees, how to avoid liability for sexual harassment cases as they relate to Title VII of the Civil Rights Act, as well as how to ensure that the workplace is fair and just for all. We conclude that every company’s management and human resources departments should take full responsibility for ensuring that business decisions, especially those affecting the employees, are aligned with legal, moral, and, of course, ethical norms. First and foremost, appropriate policies, programs, procedures, and training are necessary to combat sexual discrimination and harassment and thus to ensure a fair, just, and functional workplace. We believe that prevention is the best means of proactively eliminating sexual harassment in the workplace. Each firm should include a clear and strong policy statement against sexual harassment and discrimination in their code of conduct expectations. The policy should have direct statement of the intolerance and prohibition of any form of sexual harassment and illegal discrimination. Each firms should also have an effective policy distribution, communication to employees and enforcement plan. Finally, retaliation must be avoided. As such, there should be assurances that complaining employees will be protected from harassment or retaliation. Keywords: office romance, love contracts, sexual favoritism, #MeToo movement, ethical egoism, ethical relativism, utilitarianism, Kantian ethics.

Introduction: The #MeToo social media movement gained international status in October 2017 as millions disclosed experiences of sexual and intimate partner violence. People who experience violence from a former/current intimate partner may not present for care for many reasons, among them not knowing where to go for care, or not realizing they were experiencing abuse since the behavior was portrayed as ‘normal’. Empirical research identified increased police reporting, internet searches, and new workplace regulations on sexual assault/harassment after #MeToo. Less is known about how #MeToo has influenced hospital-based care, particularly among IPV cases. We aimed to investigate if the #MeToo social movement influenced patterns of IPV cases presenting for emergency care. Methods: This study took place at the Sexual Assault and Partner Abuse Care Program (SAPACP), within the Emergency Department of The Ottawa Hospital. Patients seen from November 1st, 2016 through to September 30th, 2017 was considered Pre-#MeToo and those seen November 1st, 2017 to September 30th, 2018 was considered Post-#MeToo. All patients seen in October 2017 were excluded. Analyses compare the proportion and characteristics of IPV cases seen Pre- and Post-#MeToo. Log-binomial regression models were used to calculate relative risk and 95% CI. Results: 890 cases were seen by the SAPACP during the total study period, of which 564 (63%) were IPV cases. 258 IPV cases were seen Pre-#MeToo and 306 IPV Post-#MeToo. The clinical presentation for IPV cases was similar between both periods where approximately 42% of IPV cases presented for sexual assault, 50% presented for physical assault. An increase in frequency and proportion of IPV cases was observed post-#MeToo. Post-#MeToo there were 48 additional cases of IPV, corresponding to almost a 20% increase in risk compared to the Pre-#MeToo period. (RR: 1.19, 95% CI: 1.07-1.31) Post-#MeToo, there were more presenting cases of IPV among male/trans cases (9 vs 26) and youth cases (82 vs 116). Conclusion: #MeToo is a powerful social movement that corresponded with a significant increase in IPV cases presenting for emergency care. While the assault characteristics among IPV cases remained similar, an important contribution of this research is the increase in youth, male/transgender patients who presented for care post-#MeToo. Continued investigations into pre- post-#MeToo trends is needed to understand more about the changing clinical population and to inform resource and service allocation.

The primary objective of this study is to explore spatio-temporal effects of the built environment on station-based travel distances through large-scale data processing. Previous studies mainly used global models in the causal analysis, but spatial and temporal autocorrelation and heterogeneity issues among research zones have not been sufficiently addressed. A framework integrating geographically and temporally weighted regression (GTWR) and the Shannon entropy index (SEI) was thus proposed to investigate the spatio-temporal relationship between travel behaviors and built environment. An empirical study was conducted in Nanjing, China, by incorporating smart card data with metro route data and built environment data. Comparative results show GTWR had a better performance of goodness-of-fit and achieved more accurate predictions, compared to traditional ordinary least squares (OLS) regression and geographically weighted regression (GWR). The spatio-temporal relationship between travel distances and built environment was further analyzed by visualizing the average variation of local coefficients distributions. Effects of built environment variables on metro travel distances were heterogeneous over space and time. Non-commuting activity and exurban area generally had more influences on the heterogeneity of travel distances. The proposed framework can address the issue of spatio-temporal autocorrelation and enhance our understanding of impacts of built environment on travel behaviors, which provides useful guidance for transit agencies and planning departments to implement targeted investment policies and enhance public transit services.

Background:Little is known about the associations between natural amenities, recreation facility density, and obesity, at a national level. Therefore, the purpose of this paper was to examine associations between county-level natural amenities, density of recreation facilities, and obesity prevalence among United States counties.Methods:Data were obtained from a compilation of sources within the United States Department of Agriculture Economic Research Service Food Environment Atlas. Independent variables of interest were the natural amenities scale and recreation facilities per capita. The dependent variable was county-level obesity prevalence. Potential covariates included a measure of county-level percent Black residents, percent Hispanic residents, median age, and median household income. All models were stratified by population loss, persistent poverty, and metro status. Multilevel linear regression models were used to examine the association between obesity and natural amenities and recreation facilities, with “state” as a random effects second level variable.Results:There were statistically significant negative associations between percent obesity and 1) natural amenities and 2) recreation facilities per capita.Conclusions:Future research should examine environmental and policy changes to increase recreation facilities and enhance accessible natural amenities to decrease obesity rates.

Objective Faced with longstanding and increasing demand for specialist out-patient appointments that was unable to be met through usual medical consultant led care, Metro North Hospital and Health Service in 2014–15 established 11 allied health primary contact out-patient models of care. Methods The models involved six different allied health professions and nine specialist out-patient departments. Results All the allied health models have been endorsed for continuation following demonstration of their contribution to managing demand on specialist out-patient services. Conclusion This paper describes key features of the allied health primary contact models of care and presents preliminary data including new case throughput, effect on wait times and enablers and challenges for clinic establishment. What is known about the topic? Allied health clinics have been demonstrated to result in high patient, referrer and consultant satisfaction, and are a cost-effective management strategy for wait list demand. In Queensland, physiotherapy-led orthopaedic clinics have been operating since 2005. What does this paper add? This paper describes the establishment of 11 allied health primary contact models of care in speciality out-patient areas including Ear, Nose and Throat, Gynaecology, Urology, Neurology, Neurosurgery, Orthopaedics and Plastic Surgery, and involving speech pathologists, audiologists, physiotherapists, occupational therapists and podiatrists as primary contact practitioners. Observations of enablers for and challenges to implementation are presented as key lessons. What are the implications for practitioners? The new allied health primary contact models of care described in this paper should be considered by health service executives, allied health leaders and specialist out-patient departments as one strategy to address unacceptably long specialist wait lists.

This chapter investigates data interoperability and the difficulties in harmonizing data across jurisdictions, using Ireland/Northern Ireland and Metropolitan Boston as case studies. In the wake of the Good Friday Agreement and the peace process in Northern Ireland, cooperation between public sector bodies in the North and South had increased enormously. However, there was a dearth of cross-border datasets to formulate policy and inform decision-making. It quickly became apparent why there were few, detailed cross-border data visualizations and maps — it was very difficult to create single, common datasets. What was needed was data harmonization where agencies worked together to create comparable datasets. Metropolitan Boston has 101 local government departments, which means it has 101 data regimes. What this means is that, with the exception of data required for state/federal reporting, it is impossible to join datasets together to create comparable metro-wide datasets. This has a number of consequences, reducing spatial intelligence about the characteristics and performance of the city-region, fostering back-to-back planning, limiting potential data-driven innovations to urban governance and management, and stifling the benefits of open data.