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Journal articles on the topic 'Metrology of electromagnetism'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 8 June 2024

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Cahan, David. "The awarding of the Copley Medal and the ‘discovery’ of the law of conservation of energy: Joule, Mayer and Helmholtz revisited." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 66, no. 2 (2011): 125–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2011.0045.

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This article analyses the awarding of the Royal Society's Copley Medal to James Prescott Joule (1870), Julius Robert Mayer (1871) and Hermann Helmholtz (1873) in the wake of the establishment of the law of conservation of energy during the 1850s and 1860s. It seeks to reconstruct the context in which the awards occurred, emphasizing at once a combination of individual scientific achievement, advocacy on behalf of Joule's supporters, nationalism, and the special role that Helmholtz played thanks to the strong social relationship that he had developed with the British scientific elite in the two

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Storey, L. R. O. "<i>Letter to the Editor</i>: Revision of the basic equations of wave distribution function analysis." Annales Geophysicae 16, no. 5 (1998): 651–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-0651-3.

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Abstract. The basic equations of wave distribution function analysis are rewritten in forms that treat the electric and magnetic fields of the waves in a more symmetrical way than the original equations do, and are slightly better for computing.Key words. Radio science (electromagnetic metrology) · Electromagnetics (plasmas; signal processing and adaptive antennas)

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Kim, Sung, Jack Surek, and James Baker-Jarvis. "Electromagnetic Metrology on Concrete and Corrosion." Journal of Research of the National Institute of Standards and Technology 116, no. 3 (2011): 655. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/jres.116.011.

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Hao, Ling, John C. Gallop, and Jie Chen. "Electromagnetic Metrology for Nano- Electromechanical Systems." IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement 68, no. 6 (2019): 1827–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tim.2018.2879068.

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5

Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "Optical Interferometers and Its Applications in the Field of Medicine." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 6 (2024): 1346–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63323.

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Abstract: A series of methods known as interferometry uses the phenomenon of interference which is typically caused by the superimposition of electromagnetic waves to gather information [1]. In the fields of astronomy, fibre optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, velocimetry, and optometry, interferometry is a valuable tool of investigation.[2]. Optical interferometry provides sen

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Yuan, Guang Hui, and Nikolay I. Zheludev. "Detecting nanometric displacements with optical ruler metrology." Science 364, no. 6442 (2019): 771–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aaw7840.

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We introduce the optical ruler, an electromagnetic analog of a physical ruler, for nanoscale displacement metrology. The optical ruler is a complex electromagnetic field in which singularities serve as the marks on the scale. It is created by the diffraction of light on a metasurface, with singularity marks then revealed by high-magnification interferometric observation. Using a Pancharatnam-Berry phase metasurface, we demonstrate a displacement resolving power of better than 1 nanometer (λ/800, where λ is the wavelength of light) at a wavelength of 800 nanometers. We argue that a resolving po

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Neyezhmakov, Pavel, Serhii Buriakovskyi, Olena Vasylieva, Volodymyr Velychko, Fedir Venislavskyi, and Serhii Rudenko. "Implementation of NATO standards to improve the electromagnetic immunity and compatibility of equipment of the critical infrastructure objects." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 1 (April 12, 2023): 9–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.1.2023.282464.

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Ensuring that domestic technical equipment meets modern safety and reliability requirements in accordance with NATO standards is a pressing problem in Ukraine. Without metrological support for testing the electromagnetic compatibility and immunity to powerful electromagnetic fields of natural and artificial origin, it is impossible to ensure reliable and safe use of modern electronic, electroenergetics and electric equipment in critical infrastructure facilities. The paper presents the metrological traceability paths of the state measurement standards in the field of electromagnetic meas

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Jalil, Muhammad Arif Bin. "Interferometers and Its Applications in Physics." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 12, no. 7 (2024): 98–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2024.63447.

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Abstract: The interference phenomenon, which is usually brought about by the superimposition of electromagnetic waves, is employed by a collection of techniques collectively referred to as interferometry to gather data.[1] Interferometry is a helpful investigative tool in a number of fields, including astronomy, fibre optics, engineering metrology, optical metrology, oceanography, seismology, quantum mechanics, nuclear and particle physics, plasma physics, remote sensing, biomolecular interactions, surface profiling, microfluidics, mechanical stress/strain measurement, velocimetry, and optomet

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NIKOLAEV, M. YU, E. V. NIKOLAEVA, and A. K. NIKITIN. "PROCESS MODELING AND METROLOGY IN ELECTRICAL IMPULSE SYSTEMS." Actual Issues Of Energy 4, no. 1 (2022): 070–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2022-4-1-70-74.

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Electromagnetic force pulses are forces of mutual repulsion between the inductor and the anchor. Under their action, the anchor is shifted towards the cleaned surface of the affected object and elastic vibrations are transmitted to it. In electro-pulse interaction systems, the duration of the energy accumulation process, and then its release in extremely small time intervals, allows to obtain the maximum possible values of mechanical impulse action on the surface of the affected object. The maximum operating voltage on a capacitive energy storage device can reach 5 kV or higher. Electro-pulse

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Safarov, Abdurauf, Khurshid Sattarov, Makhammatyokub Bazarov, and Almardon Mustafoqulov. "Issues of the electromagnetic current transformers searching projecting." E3S Web of Conferences 264 (2021): 05038. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126405038.

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The necessity of the primary transformers rapidly increases due to the fast development of the microprocessing automated control systems and operation of the railway transport power supply devices, transferring to the flexible automated output. These transformers, besides high metrology characteristics, have to be highly reliable, have a wide range of change, stability, little dimensions.

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11

Baker-Jarvis, James. "Electromagnetic Nanoscale Metrology Based on Entropy Production and Fluctuations." Entropy 10, no. 4 (2008): 411–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e10040411.

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12

Vasylieva, Olena, and Pavel Neyezhmakov. "Metrological traceability of the results of testing for electromagnetic compatibility in accordance with the NATO standards." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 2 (July 5, 2023): 7–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.2.2023.286707.

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Ensuring the electromagnetic compatibility of special-purpose equipment used in a complex saturated radio frequency environment requires testing in accordance with procedures that guarantee a valid verification of its immunity to external electromagnetic fields. The paper presents the national measurement standards and equipment used at the National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” for the NRE02, NRE03 and NRS02 testing in accordance with the AESTR-500 standard. It is shown how metrological traceability to the SI units of the measurement results is ensured during tests. The paper pre

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Nikolaev, M. Yu, E. V. Nikolaeva, N. Yu Khokriakov, A. A. Kovalevsky, and К. I. Stolyarchuk. "SIMULATION OF ELECTRIC PULSES, THEIR PRACTICAL APPLICATION AND ISSUES OF METROLOGY." ACTUAL ISSUES OF ENERGY 5, no. 1 (2023): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2023-5-1-67-75.

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electromagnetic force pulses are forces of mutual repulsion between the anchor and the inductor. Under their action, the anchor is shifted towards the cleaned surface of the affected object and elastic vibrations are transmitted to it. In electro-pulse interaction systems, the duration of the energy accumulation process, and then its release in extremely small time intervals, allows to obtain the maximum possible values of mechanical impulse action on the surface of the affected object. The maximum operating voltage on a capacitive energy storage is capable of reaching 5 kV and higher. Electro

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14

Iff, W. A., J. P. Hugonin, C. Sauvan, et al. "Electromagnetic analysis for optical coherence tomography based through silicon vias metrology." Applied Optics 58, no. 27 (2019): 7472. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ao.58.007472.

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15

Pham, Hoang-Lam, Thomas Alcaire, Sebastien Soulan, Delphine Le Cunff, and Jean-Hervé Tortai. "Efficient Rigorous Coupled-Wave Analysis Simulation of Mueller Matrix Ellipsometry of Three-Dimensional Multilayer Nanostructures." Nanomaterials 12, no. 22 (2022): 3951. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12223951.

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Mueller matrix ellipsometry (MME) is a powerful metrology tool for nanomanufacturing. The application of MME necessitates electromagnetic computations for inverse problems of metrology determination in both the conventional optimization process and the recent neutral network approach. In this study, we present an efficient, rigorous coupled-wave analysis (RCWA) simulation of multilayer nanostructures to quantify reflected waves, enabling the fast simulation of the corresponding Mueller matrix. Wave propagations in the component layers are characterized by local scattering matrices (s-matrices)

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NIKOLAEV, M. YU, V. A. ZAKHARENKO, E. V. NIKOLAEVA, and A. K. NIKITIN. "MODELING OF INTERACTION PROCESSES AND METROLOGY IN ELECTRIC PULSE SYSTEMS." Actual Issues Of Energy 3, no. 1 (2021): 058–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/2686-6935-2021-3-1-58-62.

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Electro-pulse systems have an undeniable number of advantages, since they use eddy-current non-contact interaction of the electromagnetic field of the inductor with electrically conductive surfaces. The resulting intense and high-speed deformation creates instantaneous (10-4 - 10-5c) mechanical overloads that destroy the bonds of substances with surfaces, without violating the mechanical strength of the surfaces themselves. Such systems can be used in construction, mechanical engineering, railway transport, heat and power engineering and other areas of industrial activity to remove various mat

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Barrera, Gabriele, Michele Borsero, Oriano Bottauscio, et al. "Metrology to support therapeutic and diagnostic techniques based on electromagnetics and nanomagnetics." Rendiconti Lincei 26, S2 (2015): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12210-015-0386-5.

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Moczała, M., W. Majstrzyk, A. Sierakowski, R. Dobrowolski, P. Grabiec, and T. Gotszalk. "Metrology of electromagnetic static actuation of MEMS microbridge using atomic force microscopy." Micron 84 (May 2016): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.micron.2016.02.008.

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19

Baker-Jarvis, James, and Jack Surek. "Transport of Heat and Charge in Electromagnetic Metrology Based on Nonequilibrium Statistical Mechanics." Entropy 11, no. 4 (2009): 748–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/e11040748.

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20

Bailey, A. E., H. W. Hellwig, T. Nemoto, and S. Okamura. "International organization in electromagnetic metrology and international comparison of RF and microwave standards." Proceedings of the IEEE 74, no. 1 (1986): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/proc.1986.13390.

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21

Nelson, Alonso Correa Rojas, Isabel Álvarez Castaño Maria, and Alexis Herrera Ramírez Jorge. "Spatial coherence modulation using plane waves generated with a digital micromirror device." Revista Facultad de Ingeniería, Universidad de Antioquia, no. 102 (August 17, 2021): 44–50. https://doi.org/10.17533/udea.redin.20200797.

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Plane waves generated and alternated using a Digital Micromirror Device (DMD) were evaluated for modulating the spatial coherence of a laser beam. The spatial coherence and its modulation can be represented as a sampling problem in the temporal domain. In this way, the integration time in the detector, the frame rate of the DMD, and the laser coherence time were properly adjusted or chosen to achieve the effect of a beam with a particular state of spatial coherence. Two methods were applied to superpose the plane waves and produce controlled visibility variations in the interferogram of a Youn

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22

Senyk, I. V., Y. A. Kuryptya, V. Z. Barsukov, O. O. Butenko, and V. G. Khomenko. "Development and Application of Thin Wide-Band Screening Composite Materials." Physics and Chemistry of Solid State 21, no. 4 (2020): 771–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.15330/pcss.21.4.771-778.

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The paper is dedicated to the development of effective composite coatings with the use of carbon fillers of different morphology, their research, and application in the broadband frequency range. Electromagnetic loss studies were performed according to international standards ASTM D4935, IEEE-STD-299, and the US Department of Defence standard MIL-STD 461F. The impact of hybrid carbon nanomaterial "graphene/nanotubes" on the electrophysical properties of the composite material has been analyzed. As a result, the research laboratory technologies of production of composite coating on water and no

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23

Zhao, Shuai, Yu Yang, Huiting Liu, et al. "X-ray wavefront sensing and optics metrology using a microfocus x-ray grating interferometer with electromagnetic phase stepping." Applied Physics Letters 120, no. 18 (2022): 181105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0093152.

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A metrology method of x-ray optical elements based on an electromagnetic phase stepping x-ray grating interferometer with high slope accuracy is presented in this study. The device consists of an x-ray tube, a phase grating [Formula: see text] for modulating the incoming wavefront, and an absorption grating [Formula: see text] as a transmission mask to produce a broader moiré pattern for the x-ray camera. The focal spot of the microfocus x-ray source is shifted by a magnetic field from a solenoid coil. Electromagnetic phase stepping analysis is used to obtain a pixel-wise map of the wavefront

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Ćirić, Zoran, and Mihajlo Ristić. "Declaration of conformity of excitation system of synchronous machines." Zbornik radova Elektrotehnicki institut Nikola Tesla, no. 33 (2023): 33–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/zeint33-48333.

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The paper presents a comprehensive complex model for the Declaration of Conformity of the Excitation System. The necessary projects for conformity assessment, standardization, accreditation and metrology are given. Some testing and compliance modules are listed. A part of the test according to the CB scheme of Low-voltage switchgear and controlgear assemblies for the excitation system Tesla ES 7000A is presented, which is according to valid standards, and for nominal currents up to 7000 A. A part of the test according to the CB scheme of electromagnetic compatibility for the Tesla ES excitatio

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Shi, Peng, Luping Du, Congcong Li, Anatoly V. Zayats, and Xiaocong Yuan. "Transverse spin dynamics in structured electromagnetic guided waves." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 118, no. 6 (2021): e2018816118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2018816118.

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Spin–momentum locking, a manifestation of topological properties that governs the behavior of surface states, was studied intensively in condensed-matter physics and optics, resulting in the discovery of topological insulators and related effects and their photonic counterparts. In addition to spin, optical waves may have complex structure of vector fields associated with orbital angular momentum or nonuniform intensity variations. Here, we derive a set of spin–momentum equations which describes the relationship between the spin and orbital properties of arbitrary complex electromagnetic guide

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Ovsiannikov, Vitaly D., Vitaly G. Palchikov, and Igor L. Glukhov. "Microwave Field Metrology Based on Rydberg States of Alkali-Metal Atoms." Photonics 9, no. 9 (2022): 635. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics9090635.

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The high-precision determination of microwave radiation parameters may be based on measurements of the spectral characteristics of radiation transitions between the Rydberg states of atoms. Frequencies and matrix elements are calculated for dipole transitions from even-parity nS1/2 and nD5/2 to odd-parity n′P3/2 and n′F7/2 (where n′ = n, n ± 1, n ± 2) for the Rydberg states of alkali-metal atoms. The matrix elements determine the splitting of Rydberg-state energy levels in the field of a resonance microwave (μw) radiation, which results in the splitting of the resonance in electromagnetic indu

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Tarr, Larry W. "Electromagnetic Metrology Challenges in the U.S. Department of Defense and the Global War on Terrorism." NCSLI Measure 2, no. 4 (2007): 16–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19315775.2007.11721395.

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Davis, Timothy J., David Janoschka, Pascal Dreher, Bettina Frank, Frank-J. Meyer zu Heringdorf, and Harald Giessen. "Ultrafast vector imaging of plasmonic skyrmion dynamics with deep subwavelength resolution." Science 368, no. 6489 (2020): eaba6415. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/science.aba6415.

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Plasmonic skyrmions are an optical manifestation of topological defects in a continuous vector field. Identifying them requires characterization of the vector structure of the electromagnetic near field on thin metal films. Here we introduce time-resolved vector microscopy that creates movies of the electric field vectors of surface plasmons with subfemtosecond time steps and a 10-nanometer spatial scale. We image complete time sequences of propagating surface plasmons as well as plasmonic skyrmions, resolving all vector components of the electric field and their time dynamics, thus demonstrat

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Zhang, Xi Te, Qian Min Mao, Zhi Gang Nie, Zhen Wei Huang, and Wen Xin Shen. "A Study of Composite Flow Meter Based on the Theory of Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 309–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.309.

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This thesis, under the guiding of electromagnetic and ultrasonic theory, tries to do numerical simulation based on the Fluent simulation software. The composite flowmeter (CFM) improves the accuracy of metrology on water flow and equipment itself with self-calibration and inter-calibration function. The aim is to calculate the average velocity of fluid on the cross-section at the electrode and the stability of flow field by researching on the influence of transducer. The result shows when the distance between two transducers is close, influences the flow field near the electrode, but when the

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Shi, Peng, Luping Du, and Xiaocong Yuan. "Spin photonics: from transverse spin to photonic skyrmions." Nanophotonics 10, no. 16 (2021): 3927–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2021-0046.

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Abstract Spin angular momentum associated with circular polarization is a fundamental and important aspect of photons both in classical and quantum optics. The interaction of this optical spin with matter and structures results in many intriguing optical effects and state-of-the-art applications covered under the emerging subject of spin optics. Distinct from longitudinal optical spin along the mean wavevector, transverse spin, the corresponding vector of which is perpendicular to the mean wavevector, prevails and plays a significant role in confined electromagnetic waves such as focused beams

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Li, Detian, Meiru Guo, Zhenhua Xi, Huzhong Zhang, and Bowen Li. "Electromagnetic Technology for Vacuum Metrology in the Typical Development of a Metrological-Grade Spinning Rotor Gauge." Electromagnetic Science 1, no. 3 (2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.23919/emsci.2023.0006.

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Salomon, Adi, and Martin Oheim. "Near-interface sensing, imaging and nanometrology using smart surfaces." EPJ Web of Conferences 309 (2024): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202430902003.

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We present two distinct types of ‘smart’ surfaces designed for facilitating the quantitative exploration of dynamic processes occurring at sub-wavelength distances from interfaces, using far-field optical techniques. Based on evanescent waves in excitation and/or emission, we achieve an axial localization precision of about 10 nm. The first type of substrate incorporates nanocavities in a thin metallic film, enhancing and confining the electromagnetic field to a tiny volume. The second sample consists of a thin fluorescent film sandwiched between transparent spacer and capping layers deposited

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Vikram, Vikram, and Bhisaji Surve. "An Overview of Performance Validation, Testing Protocols, and Standards for Smart Meters." Journal of Cognitive Human-Computer Interaction 07, no. 1 (2024): 17–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54216/jchci.070102.

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This document provides a thorough overview of the testing protocols and standards for smart meters, which are essential parts of the contemporary smart grid. It emphasizes the switch from analog to digital smart meters, which provide two-way communication and real-time data on electricity consumption. In order to guarantee accuracy, dependability, conformity with international standards such as those from the IEC, NIST, and BIS, and the protection of customer data, the document highlights the significance of conducting thorough testing. In order to evaluate several performance factors includin

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Heo, Seung Yun, Jeonghyun Kim, Philipp Gutruf, et al. "Wireless, battery-free, flexible, miniaturized dosimeters monitor exposure to solar radiation and to light for phototherapy." Science Translational Medicine 10, no. 470 (2018): eaau1643. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/scitranslmed.aau1643.

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Exposure to electromagnetic radiation can have a profound impact on human health. Ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun causes skin cancer. Blue light affects the body’s circadian melatonin rhythm. At the same time, electromagnetic radiation in controlled quantities has beneficial use. UV light treats various inflammatory skin conditions, and blue light phototherapy is the standard of care for neonatal jaundice. Although quantitative measurements of exposure in these contexts are important, current systems have limited applicability outside of laboratories because of an unfavorable set of fa

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Neyezhmakov, Pavel, Alexander Prokopov, Tatiana Panasenko, and Andrii Shloma. "Analysis of the temperature component of the combined standard uncertainty of the refractive index according to the test data of the control system for meteorological parameters developed for the Lyptsi geodetic polygon." Ukrainian Metrological Journal, no. 4 (December 30, 2021): 34–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.24027/2306-7039.4.2021.250411.

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The National Scientific Centre “Institute of Metrology” is actively involved in the implementation of a number of international projects under the EMPIR programme. One of such joint projects is the EMPIR 18SIB01 GeoMetre research project “Large-scale dimensional measurements for geodesy”. The overall goal of the project is to ensure traceability of length measurements – from the measurement standard of the unit of length to long distances typical for geodetic measurements. As a result of the project, it is necessary to provide length measurements of at least 5 km with an expanded uncertainty o

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Efimov, A. G. "Electromagnetic and magnetic methods of non-destructive testing for control of damage accumulation in structural steels and alloys (review)." Industrial laboratory. Diagnostics of materials 86, no. 8 (2020): 49–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.26896/1028-6861-2020-86-8-49-57.

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Control of the stress-strain state, compressive and tension stresses, accumulated fatigue damage is one of the goals of non-destructive testing. We consider data of current research in the field of eddy current and electromagnetic methods of non-destructive testing aimed at solving the problem of monitoring the accumulated damage in structural steels and alloys. Developments for practical implementation of the coercive force method, the eddy current structurescopy of non-magnetic materials, the method of higher harmonics and remanence-based control, the method of magnetic noise (Barkhausen noi

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Bardalen, Eivind, Muhammad Nadeem Akram, Helge Malmbekk, and Per Ohlckers. "Review of Devices, Packaging, and Materials for Cryogenic Optoelectronics." Journal of Microelectronics and Electronic Packaging 12, no. 4 (2015): 189–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/imaps.485.

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In this article, developments and techniques related to optical-fiber-coupled devices operating at cryogenic temperatures are reviewed. These devices include superconducting electronics and photodetectors. Superconducting circuits have a number of suitable characteristics in terms of speed and efficiency, lower power consumption, and traceability to fundamental quantum properties. Thus, applications are found in a number of technologies, such as communication and metrology. Often, the devices are coupled by an optical fiber link to an external source. A suitable design of the optical coupling

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Sarma, Raktim, Abigail Pribisova, Bjorn Sumner, and Jayson Briscoe. "Classification of Intensity Distributions of Transmission Eigenchannels of Disordered Nanophotonic Structures Using Machine Learning." Applied Sciences 12, no. 13 (2022): 6642. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12136642.

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Light-matter interaction optimization in complex nanophotonic structures is a critical step towards the tailored performance of photonic devices. The increasing complexity of such systems requires new optimization strategies beyond intuitive methods. For example, in disordered photonic structures, the spatial distribution of energy densities has large random fluctuations due to the interference of multiply scattered electromagnetic waves, even though the statistically averaged spatial profiles of the transmission eigenchannels are universal. Classification of these eigenchannels for a single c

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Booth, James C., Nathan Orloff, Christian Long, et al. "(Invited, Digital Presentation) Nonlinear and Electro-Thermo-Mechanical Effects in Heterogeneous Electronics at Microwave Frequencies." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2022-02, no. 17 (2022): 862. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2022-0217862mtgabs.

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Materials properties are an essential component for the accurate modeling of integrated devices and circuits. The accuracy of such models depends explicitly on the accuracy of the input material parameters and interfaces between them. With the trend toward increasing heterogeneous integration, the relationships between electromagnetic, thermal, and mechanical material properties of heterogeneously integrated devices are even more important. Recent trends toward co-design emphasize the optimization of all aspects of circuit performance from the beginning, rather than sequentially optimizing the

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Сухоруков and Vasiliy Sukhorukov. "Magnetic Nondestructive Testing: Metrological Parameters Evaluation." NDT World 18, no. 4 (2015): 65–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.12737/13529.

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Metrology is very important for nondestructive testing. The accurate evaluation of NDT instruments and technologies metrological parameters is а problem. It should be taken into consideration that the parameters (such as accuracy, threshold of sensitivity etc.) stated in the delivery documentation can differ significantly from those when the instruments and technologies are used in practice. If this difference is not taken into account, testing results can be substantially worse than they had been expected. The NDT technicians must be qualified enough to avoid this. Requirements for personnel

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Notzon, Gordon, Robert Storch, Thomas Musch, and Michael Vogt. "A low-noise and flexible FPGA-based binary signal measurement generator." International Journal of Microwave and Wireless Technologies 11, no. 5-6 (2019): 447–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1759078719000254.

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AbstractIn the area of electromagnetic metrology, binary coded excitation signals become more and more important and various binary coded sequences are available. The measurement approach is to assess the impulse response function of a device under test by correlating the response signal with the excitation signal. In order to achieve a high measurement reproducibility as well as a high dynamic range, the generated binary coded signals have to provide low-noise. In this contribution, a low-noise signal generator realized with a field programmable gate array is presented. The performance invest

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Cahan, David. "Helmholtz and the British scientific elite: From force conservation to energy conservation." Notes and Records of the Royal Society 66, no. 1 (2011): 55–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsnr.2011.0044.

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This article discusses the close relationship that developed during the 1850s and 1860s between Hermann von Helmholtz (1821–94), one of the leading German scientists during the second half of the nineteenth century, and the British scientific elite generally. It focuses especially on the importance of the law of conservation of energy to both sides of that relationship as the law emerged and became popularized. In presenting this Anglo-German relationship, the article relates Helmholtz's friendships or acquaintanceships with numerous members of the British elite, including William Thomson, Joh

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Bahatskji, Oleksiy, and Valentyn Bahatskji. "Review and Analysis of the Characteristics of IoT Sensors." Cybernetics and Computer Technologies, no. 4 (December 4, 2023): 62–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.34229/2707-451x.23.4.8.

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Internet of things (IoT) is the concept of data transmission network between physical objects ("things"), equipped with built-in tools and technologies for interaction with each other or with the environment. The work is devoted to the inspection and analysis of sensors, how the IoT systems are associated with environmental objects. IOT uses a wide class of measurement tools, from elementary sensors (eg, temperature, pressure, light), consumption metering devices (such as intellectual meters) to complex integrated measuring systems. The parameters of 30 types of sensors for IoT are given, 2 of

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Chekirda, K. V. "Prospects for the Development of a System for Ensuring the Uniformity of Mass Measurements Based on the Planck Constant in the Low Mass Range (Less than 1 g)." Measurement Standards. Reference Materials 21, no. 2 (2025): 23–30. https://doi.org/10.20915/2077-1177-2025-21-2-23-30.

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The article examines the prospects for the development of mass measurement systems in the low mass range (less than 1 g) based on the Planck constant. The focus is on new measurement methods, including watt balance with electromagnetic and electrostatic gravity compensation. These systems are based on fundamental physical principles and provide an opportunity to avoid the accumulation of errors specific to traditional methods of transferring a unit of mass through weights. The author describes in detail the principles of operation of watt balance, including design features such as the use of l

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Fujiwara, Akira, Gento Yamahata, Nathan Johnson, Shuji Nakamura, and Nobuhisa Kaneko. "(Invited) Silicon Quantum Dot Single-Electron Pumps for the Closure of the Quantum Metrology Triangle." ECS Meeting Abstracts MA2023-02, no. 30 (2023): 1532. http://dx.doi.org/10.1149/ma2023-02301532mtgabs.

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Si quantum dot (QD) devices fabricated by MOSFET technology are promising for future and ultimate quantum electronics such as quantum electrical standards and quantum computers. We have developed Si tunable-barrier QD devices with a quasi-gate-all-around (GAA) nanowire [1], which are designed to be used as basic elements such as single-electron (SE) transfer devices and qubits; the precise manipulation of charges and their states are realized in the QDs. The device is especially suitable for high-speed tunable-barrier SE pumps driven at GHz frequencies [2,3] which can generate an electric curr

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Yan, Zheng, Mengdi Han, Yan Shi, et al. "Three-dimensional mesostructures as high-temperature growth templates, electronic cellular scaffolds, and self-propelled microrobots." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 114, no. 45 (2017): E9455—E9464. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1713805114.

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Recent work demonstrates that processes of stress release in prestrained elastomeric substrates can guide the assembly of sophisticated 3D micro/nanostructures in advanced materials. Reported application examples include soft electronic components, tunable electromagnetic and optical devices, vibrational metrology platforms, and other unusual technologies, each enabled by uniquely engineered 3D architectures. A significant disadvantage of these systems is that the elastomeric substrates, while essential to the assembly process, can impose significant engineering constraints in terms of operati

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Ni, Wei-Tou. "Equivalence principles, spacetime structure and the cosmic connection." International Journal of Modern Physics D 25, no. 04 (2016): 1630002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218271816300020.

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After reviewing the meaning of various equivalence principles and the structure of electrodynamics, we give a fairly detailed account of the construction of the light cone and a core metric from the equivalence principle for photons (no birefringence, no polarization rotation and no amplification/attenuation in propagation) in the framework of linear electrodynamics using cosmic connections/observations as empirical support. The cosmic nonbirefringent propagation of photons independent of energy and polarization verifies the Galileo Equivalence Principle (Universality of Propagation) for photo

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Ryzhov, Yevhen, Lev Sakovych, Sergey Glukhov, and Yuriy Nastishin. "Assessment of the influence of diagnostic support on reliability of radio electronic systems." Military Technical Collection, no. 24 (May 20, 2021): 3–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.33577/2312-4458.24.2021.3-8.

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Currently, there is a trend of digital information processing in electronic weapons systems and military equipment. Software-controlled means of communication are being implemented. This requires new approaches in diagnosing them during maintenance, which are significantly different from the process of finding defects in analog tools. Particular attention is paid to the introduction of modern advances in technical diagnostics and metrology. The possibility of using special methods for assessing the technical condition of digital devices (energy-static, energy-dynamic, electromagnetic), both se

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Pustelny, Tadeusz Piotr. "Electroluminescent optical fiber sensor for detection of a high intensity electric field." Photonics Letters of Poland 12, no. 1 (2020): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4302/plp.v12i1.980.

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On-line testing of high power electromagnetic devices is one of the most important problems of modern industrial metrology. In the paper, the results of experimental investigations of the electric field optical fiber sensor based on the electroluminescent phenomena are presented. The electro¬luminescent effect is observed in some composite semicon¬ductors, among others in zinc sulfide ZnS crystals. In our investigations, the used ZnS crystal was doped with copper Cu atoms as activators. The concentration of activator in the ZnS crystal was about 5.10-4 [g/g]. According to plans of investi¬gati

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van der Sijs, Thomas, Omar El Gawhary, and Paul Urbach. "Electromagnetic scattering beyond the weak regime: Solving the problem of divergent Born perturbation series by Padé approximants." EPJ Web of Conferences 238 (2020): 06019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjconf/202023806019.

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Electromagnetic scattering is the main phenomenon behind all optical measurement methods where one aims to retrieve the shape or physical properties of an unknown object by measuring how it scatters an incident optical field. Such an inverse problem is often approached by solving, several times, the corresponding direct scattering problem and trying to find the best estimate of the object which is compatible with a set of measurements. In the direct scattering problem, two regimes can be distinguished depending on the size of the object and the permittivity contrast: the weak-scattering regime

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