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1
Barres, Roger. "Exploring metropolitan governance in the Öresund Region." Thesis, Malmö universitet, Malmö högskola, Institutionen för Urbana Studier (US), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-40229.
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For the first time in history, more people in the world live in urban areas than in rural areas. Almost half of this world urban population now live in metropolitan areas, which are becoming central spaces of world economic and social activity, and where major global challenges happen and should be tackled. Metropolitan areas are defined by urban spaces of integrated mobility flows and markets, but also by high institutional fragmentation and political decomposition. This fragmentation interferes in decision-making processes leading to difficulties for the design and implementation of adequate responses to metropolitan problems. In this context, the study of how metropolitan areas should be governed is gaining relevance in the field of urban studies, among other fields. The normative debates about metropolitan governance has been framed by three traditions. From the 60s to the late 80s these debates were restricted to the ‘old regionalism’ dialectics between the metropolitan reform and public choice scholars. More recently, new regionalism recognize in flexible and cooperative governance instruments the most effective way to deal with metropolitan problems. From this perspective metropolitan areas are governed by complex governance relations between diverse actors through multiple and concurrent instruments, in the form of policy networks, voluntary cooperation, strategic planning, and so on. The Öresund Region is a metropolis that spans from eastern Denmark to southern Sweden, and includes cities such as Copenhagen and Malmö. While it has been largely referenced and praised as an example of cross-border metropolitan area, there is little evidence on how it is governed or which are the main governance instruments or who are the actors involved in the policy-making process. Taking an original approach to the study of metropolitan governance, this paper represents a first attempt to identify and understand the main features of metropolitan governance in the Öresund Region as a system, in a polycentric and multilayered crossborder metropolis. The results suggest that metropolitan governance in the Öresund Region is very ambiguous, with several agents acting in different and non-coincident scales, strongly focused in hard policies and development policies in contrast to social and environmental policy areas. Also, there are persistent barriers to cross-border governance despite the favorable context. And finally, there is a relevant democratic governance deficit, in terms of social actors’ participation and involvement in the metropolitan decision-making process. These first results recommend to go forward with further research in this issue. Particularly to grasp about governance networks operatives, policy-making processes, and citizens’ political orientations to, ultimately, propose improvements for a more effective, comprehensive and democratic governance in the Öresund metropolitan region.
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Wang, Yong. "The development of Chinese metropolitan planning management systems : with particular focus upon governance." Thesis, University of South Wales, 2015. https://pure.southwales.ac.uk/en/studentthesis/the-development-of-chinese-metropolitan-planning-management-systems(84d6898a-3cb6-4b56-bce1-2d4d15322f61).html.
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This thesis examines Chinese metropolitan planning management system taking lessons from its past as well as current development and involving recommendations for its future improvement. It investigates the historical and current developments in the metropolitan planning management systems and also makes recommendations about how to improve the future systems. It aims to find potential ways which can make the Chinese metropolitan planning management system work well and move the metropolitan planning management to good governance. This thesis also constructs a theoretical framework from the perspective of decentralization, focusing upon the change of relationships between the Chinese government, market and society, to gain an in-depth insight of changes in the development of Chinese planning management system since 1978. It considers a case study approach to analyze the current situation of the metropolitan planning management system. It employs a qualitative research methodology that comprises of questionnaire and interviews with governmental officials, planners and experts, to study the behaviors of different actors involved in the core operations of planning management system, and investigate relationships between the government, market and society in order to examine the fundamental institutional factors producing the problems. In the end, on basis of the global public management paradigm transformation and in view of the overall trend of the governance transition, it makes recommendations regarding an improved metropolitan planning management system in China. It identifies factors influencing the Chinese metropolitan planning management system. It argues that the planning management system changes with the administrative system. The administrative management system reform has become the most direct and fundamental motive for promoting the transition of planning management system. It scrutinizes the problems in metropolitan planning management system. It argues that inadequate modern bureaucracy is the primary characteristic of current planning management systems, which is inducing problems in the metropolitan planning management system. It argues that the focus of Chinese metropolitan planning management system reform is the allocation of power and responsibility among different interest groups. It argues that reform of the metropolitan planning management system needs continuous improvement and has to surpass the bureaucracy moderately. The essence of metropolitan planning management system reform is rationalizing relationships between different levels of governments as well as relationships between the government, market and society. It insists that improved metropolitan planning management system in China needs support from other governance tools.
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Silva, Edson Coutinho da. "Desafios da governança no Grande ABC Paulista: coesão e integração regional das políticas de inclusão social." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2012. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/3461.
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Previous issue date: 2012-12-06<br>Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior<br>The innovation in movement of regional coordination, cooperation and agreement which
began in the 1990s in the Greater ABC composed of seven cities: Santo André, São
Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra
the region has been recognized around the country and started the rising of the process of
the metropolitan governance in the region. In 2000 the public and civil society prepared a
Regional Strategic Plan (RSP) with a prospect for ten years with seven Thematic Topics
(TT). However, that study we will study one of them, the Social Inclusion TT (SITT). This
research objective to describe the metropolitan governance in SITT: to understand the
relationships among the seven cities and the São Paulo State and the other; to identify the
implementation of the programs, projects and policies of social inclusion between 2000
2009; and to investigate the relationship and the consequence of the process of
coordination between regional agents this period. We interviewed nineteen key-informants
and documentary sources from the cities departments, civil society and Professors to help
us to achieve these objectives. We have observed that the movement of metropolitan
governance was active between 2000 2002, because of leaders like Celso Daniel and
Mário Covas and the regional agents. Moreover, after the death of both in 2001 and 2002,
respectively, not much has been achieved in accordance with the regional development;
because of competition among cities; political-party conflicts; and lack of administrative
synchronization, which has prevented the establishment common interest projects in
Social Inclusion TT in the 2000s. We could see that changing the Greater ABC Intercity
Consortium to Public Consortium, brought a new impetus to regional strengthening and
metropolitan governance in the Greater ABC<br>A região que engloba Santo André, São Bernardo do Campo, São Caetano do Sul,
Diadema, Mauá, Ribeirão Pires e Rio Grande da Serra, o Grande ABC é parte da Região
Metropolitana de São Paulo (RMSP), é reconhecido no país pelo pioneirismo nos
movimento de articulação, cooperação e pactuação regional, tendo início na década de
1990 e fez emergir na região o processo de governança metropolitana. No ano de 2000
foi elaborado um Plano Estratégico Regional (PER) com perspectiva para dez anos, que
estabeleceu sete Eixos Temáticos (ET) de desenvolvimento, sendo que concentramos
nosso estudo no ET Inclusão Social (ETIS). Os objetivos do estudo são, ao descrever a
governança metropolitana no ETIS, buscar compreender as relações entre os sete
municípios e o Estado e entre os próprios municípios; identificar os programas, os
projetos e as políticas públicas de inclusão social implementados no período entre 2000
2009; e investigar as relações e os desdobramento do processo de articulação entre os
atores regionais no período correspondente. Para alcançar esses objetivos do estudo,
entrevistamos 19 informantes-chave, além de fontes documentais das secretarias
municipais, sociedade civil e docentes da região. Pudemos observar que o movimento na
direção da governança metropolitana causou esperança e entusiasmo nos atores
regionais até o ano de 2002, devido as lideranças de Celso Daniel e Mário Covas; por
outro lado, pouco foi realizado em termos regionais após a morte dos dois líderes
políticos; muito em virtude da competição entre os municípios; dos conflitos políticospartidário
e da descontinuidade administrativa, que inviabilizaram a constituição de
projetos de interesse comum no ETIS na década de 2000. Vimos também que a
mudança do Consórcio Intermunicipal do Grande ABC para Consórcio Público, trouxe um
novo alento ao fortalecimento regional e a governança metropolitana no Grande ABC
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Ferracini, Kelly Roberta. "Governança colaborativa escala regional e a produção social do espaço urbano. Retomando a experiência do Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2014.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jeroen Johannes Klink<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, 2014.<br>O objetivo desta dissertação consiste em analisar a governança colaborativa no ABC Paulista em sua conjuntura macroinstitucional mais favorável, no período pós-2003. Nesse sentido, tem-se o recorte específico para o processo de adaptação do consórcio e a nova legislação no país referente ao consorciamento público. Partimos da premissa que neste período, a governança regional-metropolitana no país se fortaleceu, principalmente a partir da consolidação de um arcabouço jurídico (p.ex. Lei Federal nº 11.107, de 06 de abril de 2005, a chamada Lei dos Consórcios Públicos; a lei nº 12.305, de agosto de 2010, sobre resíduos sólidos e a lei 11.445, de janeiro de 2007, referente à saneamento básico), que incentivou a gestão e planejamento compartilhados, os financiamentos federais para habitação, o desenvolvimento urbano e a retomada do protagonismo dos governos estaduais em torno da criação e regulamentação das áreas metropolitanas.O estudo de caso do Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC propõe-se analisar esse período de transição, priorizando a análise dos limites e potencialidades da atuação do Consórcio, bem como o processo de adaptação da instituição à nova legislação. A partir de uma pesquisa documental nos arquivos do consórcio e um levantamento da literatura crítica sobre escalas e a atuação e organização territorial do Estado, argumentamos que a escala regional e também a governança regional - representam uma construção social e política contestada. Isso não apenas se refletiu nas dificuldades enfrentadas na negociação e aprovação da legislação nacional acerca do consorciamento, mas também na transformação da própria estrutura do Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC em consórcio público.<br>The objective of this dissertation is to analyse collaborative governance in ABC Paulista on more favorable macro-institutional environment of the post-2003 period, with a specific emphasis on the adaptation of the institution to the new national legislation regarding public consortia. We assume that in this period, the regional-metropolitan governance in the country has strengthened, primarily from the consolidation of a legal framework (eg Federal Law No. 11.107, of April 6, 2005 - the Law of the public consortium, the law no. 12,305, August 2010 law about solid waste and 11,445 January 2007 on sanitation) that encouraged shared management and planning, federal funding for housing and urban development, and the role of governments resumed state around the creation and regulation of metropolitan areas. The case study of the Intermunicipal Consortium Grande ABC intends to analyze this transition period, prioritizing the analysis of the limits and potential of the performance of the Consortium to the adaptation process to the new national legislation. On the basis of documental research in the Consortia and a synthesis of the critical literature on scales and the territorial organization and intervention of the state, we argue that the regional scale ¿ and also regional governance - represents a socially and politically contested process. This was not only reflected in the difficulties to negotiate and approve the national legislation on public consortia, but also in the transformation of the legal structure of the ABC consortium into a public institution.
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Jaros, Kyle Alan. "The Politics of Metropolitan Bias in China." Thesis, Harvard University, 2014. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:13064986.
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Policymakers in China and other developing countries grapple with a metropolitan dilemma. Building on the existing advantages of leading cities makes it easier to achieve fast, visible progress in economic development. But further concentrating resources in top urban centers can marginalize other areas, worsen urban congestion, and increase inequality. The degree to which governments favor key metropolitan centers relative to other cities and outlying areas in the distribution of policy support and resources is thus a consequential issue in development politics. Yet, scholars lack a systematic understanding of "metropolitan bias," and existing theories have difficulty explaining wide variation in development approaches over time and across regions in countries like China.
This project analyzes variation in development strategies across China's provinces during the 1990s and 2000s to shed light on the nature and sources of metropolitan bias. Existing research generally views favoritism toward large cities as an unintended consequence of rapid industrialization and rent-seeking dynamics. In contrast, I highlight more strategic efforts by higher-level governments to shape the growth of cities and regions, and probe the politics surrounding spatial development policies. First, I argue that metropolitan bias tends to be greater in provinces that have experienced lagging economic performance, where policymakers build up top cities as a means of enhancing regional competitiveness. Second, I argue that metropolitan-oriented development has been driven in large part by provincial governments, and that there is greater metropolitan bias where the provincial level is strong relative to other government tiers.
To develop and test these claims, I employ a mixed-method research design and draw on Chinese- and English-language written sources, interview material, and statistical data. Through comparative case studies of Jiangsu, Hunan, and Jiangxi provinces and analysis of China's policy institutions, I explore how different explanatory factors influence the formulation and implementation of development strategies. Meanwhile, I use statistical analysis to test how well key claims generalize to a larger sample of units. Beyond contributing in a timely way to our knowledge of the politics behind China's urban boom, the study advances our theoretical understanding of the politics of state-led development and multilevel governance more broadly.<br>Government
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Ginnell, Kevin J. "Democratic governance in metropolitan Vancouver, the case of Greater Vancouver's regional institutions : lessons from and for Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/MQ61557.pdf.
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Filho, João Bosco Moura Tonucci. "Dois momentos do planejamento metropolitano em Belo Horizonte: um estudo das experiências do PLAMBEL e do PDDI-RMBH." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-23052012-151814/.
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A presente pesquisa investiga dois momentos do planejamento metropolitano em Belo Horizonte a partir do estudo das experiências do PLAMBEL e do PDDI-RMBH, buscando compreendê-las à luz das transformações socioespaciais e econômicas da Região Metropolitana de Belo Horizonte (RMBH). O primeiro momento refere-se à elaboração e implantação do Plano de Desenvolvimento Integrado Econômico e Social da RMBH (PDIES-RMBH, de 1975) pelo PLAMBEL, autarquia estadual responsável pelo planejamento da RMBH durante o regime militar. Já o segundo momento diz respeito à retomada do planejamento da RMBH na década de 2000 a partir da constituição do novo arranjo institucional de gestão metropolitana e do processo de elaboração do Plano Diretor de Desenvolvimento Integrado da RMBH (PDDI-RMBH, de 2011), coordenado pela Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais (UFMG). Foram comparadas as propostas de desenvolvimento e de organização territorial dos dois planos com as configurações socioespaciais e a estrutura econômica da RMBH nos dois momentos distintos, assim como investigadas as eventuais relações entre os programas e projetos implantados e as transformações na organização metropolitana. O estudo também identificou os paradigmas de planejamento subjacentes à concepção metodológica dos dois planos, através da análise contextualizada da abordagem integrada e tecnocrática do PDIES e do enfoque participativo e transdisciplinar do PDDI. Quanto às propostas de ordenamento territorial dos planos, o estudo indicou que, enquanto a concepção do PDIES pautou-se numa compreensão instrumental do espaço metropolitano, no sentido de prepará-lo funcionalmente ao crescimento econômico e à industrialização a partir da implantação de grandes infraestruturas regionais, a concepção do PDDI avançou na direção de uma abordagem centrada na redução das desigualdades socioespaciais e na incorporação das diversidades socioambientais, a partir de uma estrutura territorial mais compacta e organizada em rede. Em relação às continuidades e rupturas entre o PLAMBEL e o novo modelo de planejamento da RMBH, concluiu-se que as perspectivas mais democráticas e inclusivas em gestação abrem maiores possibilidades para a construção coletiva de um processo de planejamento duradouro e legítimo do que o modelo autoritário vigente durante o regime militar, apesar dos entraves socioeconômicos e político-institucionais ao enfrentamento da questão metropolitana no Brasil.<br>This research investigates two different periods of metropolitan planning in Belo Horizonte, based on the study of the experiences of PLAMBEL and PDDI-RMBH, attempting to understand them in the light of the socio-spatial and economic transformations of the Metropolitan Region of Belo Horizonte (RMBH). The first period refers to the development and implementation of the Plan for the Integrated Economic and Social Development of the RMBH (PDIES-RMBH, 1975) by PLAMBEL, state authority responsible for the planning of the RMBH during the military regime. The second period refers to the resumption of RMBH\'s metropolitan planning in the decade of 2000, through the creation of a new institutional arrangement of metropolitan management and of the Master Plan of Integrated Development of the RMBH (PDDI-RMBH, 2011), coordinated by the Federal University of Minas Gerais (UFMG). The development and territorial organization proposals of both plans were compared with the socio-spatial configuration and economic structure of the RMBH in both periods. Incidental relations between the implemented programs and projects and the transformations in the organization of the RMBH were investigated. The study also identified the planning paradigms subjacent to the methodological conception of both plans, through a contextualized analysis of the PDIES\'s integrated technocratic approach and the PDDI\'s participative, transdisciplinary focus. As to the spatial planning proposals of both plans, the study showed that while the conception of the PDIES was based on an instrumental view of the metropolitan space, with the purpose of functionally preparing it for industrialization and economic growth through the implementation of large regional infrastructures, the conception of the PDDI was guided by an approach focused on reducing socio-spatial inequalities and incorporating RMBH\'s socio-environmental diversity through a more compact, network based territorial structure. Regarding the continuities and disruptions between the new planning model for the RMBH and PLAMBEL, it was concluded that the more democratic and more inclusive perspectives of the new moment open larger possibilities for the collective structuring of a long-lasting and legitimate planning process than the authoritarian model which governed during the military regime, in spite of the socioeconomic and political-institutional obstacles to tackling the metropolitan question in Brazil.
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Pires, Lilian Regina Gabriel Moreira. "Região metropolitana: governança como instrumento de gestão compartilhada." Pontifícia Universidade Católica de São Paulo, 2016. https://tede2.pucsp.br/handle/handle/19640.
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Previous issue date: 2016-12-13<br>The aim of this research was to present a proposal for a practical application model of the interdepartmental governance instrument for Metropolitan Regions. The choice of theme is justified because of the difficulty of the matter in the face of constitutional competencies, as well as the historical neglect of Public Administration with planning as an effective instrument of efficiency and search for equality. Added to this context, is the fact that the complexity of collective life in the metropolis, which is increasingly antagonistic, as far as it produces wealth and increases inequality. The work, considering the interdisciplinarity of the subject, involved research and examination of the doctrine of other areas of knowledge, such as urbanism, sociology, and economics, as well as national legal doctrine and jurisprudence. This project presents the metropolitan fact, besides its affirmation in the legal system of the country. It was also analyzed the federative system and the urban competences. Contextualized the difficulties of metropolitan management, two examples of management are highlighted: water resources and the metropolitan area of Belo Horizonte, presenting at last a model of metropolitan governance, specifically regarding the decision-making body<br>O objetivo do presente trabalho foi apresentar proposta de modelo de aplicação prática do instrumento de governança interfederativa para as Regiões Metropolitanas. A escolha do tema se justifica em razão da dificuldade da matéria diante das competências constitucionais, bem como o histórico descaso da Administração Pública com o planejamento como instrumento efetivo de eficiência e busca da igualdade. A esse contexto, soma-se o fato da complexidade da vida coletiva nas metrópoles, que se mostra cada vez mais antagônica, na medida em que produz riqueza e acirra desigualdades. O trabalho, considerando a interdisciplinaridade do tema, envolveu pesquisa e exame da doutrina de outras áreas do conhecimento, tais como urbanismo, sociologia e economia, bem como doutrina jurídica nacional e jurisprudência. Apresenta-se o fato metropolitano, além de sua positivação no sistema jurídico pátrio. Analisou-se, ainda, o sistema federativo e as competências urbanísticas. Contextualizadas as dificuldades da gestão metropolitana, destacam-se dois exemplos de gestão: recursos hídricos e a região metropolitana de Belo Horizonte, apresentando ao fim um modelo de governança metropolitana, especificamente no que diz respeito à instância decisória
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Kyagulanyi, Ronald. "Risk and portfolio management in microfinace institutional governance in Kampala metropolitan region." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/8532.
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This study was undertaken to examine the issues relating to risk and loan portfolio management in Microfinance institutions in Uganda. The first objective of this study was to establish the extent of governance in MFIs in Kampala, by looking at the overall management of these institutions, assessing how decision are made, and looking at how they are staffed. The second objective is to establish the variables that best explain management of Micro-Finance Institutions (MFIs). The third objective is to identify the risk management of loan portfolios and lastly to provide recommendations based on the findings. The researcher used explanatory and survey research designs. A minimum sample 114 participants from 50 MFIs was used in data collection and analysis. The researcher employed principle component analysis (PCA) basing on Eigen values to identify variables above mean-scores and the nodes on the scree plot (ordered eigenvalues) denotes the number of variables that best explain the dimensions and conclusion on each variables was drawn basing on mean values of descriptive statistical analysis. Furthermore the orthonormal loadings display of the variables is employed basing on the first principle component that identified the names of variables above the mean score and final variable is drown basing on descriptive statistical analysis using mean scores focusing on those above the mean. The analysis is based on three dimensions of assessments, namely; Governance, Human capital and Risk Management. In general 227 variables were observed from the 3 dimensions, however by employing the PCA the researcher was in position to come up with those that best explain the 3 dimensions and in summary 29 out of 131 variables were identified by the PCA that best describes governance, 17 out of 72 variables were extracted that best explain what is taking in place in human capital whilst 5 out of 24 variables were extracted in relation to risk management. Furthermore conclusions are drawn by employing descriptive statistical analysis basing on mean scores of the variables identified by the PCA. Therefore out of the 29 variables identified by PCA on governance dimension, 19 variables on average have mean scores above 3 signifying good performance in those areas. Therefore the strength of MFIs under governance is seen in the following areas; The MFIs surveyed have strong board that is professionally ethical and knowledgeable in the area of managing financial institutions. They are performing better in the area of decision making, they do make timely decisions, and the board keeps on monitoring management and making sure that strategies agreed upon are properly implemented. The board is well committed in filing tax returns which is a legal requirement to all taxpaying institutions. However 10 variables showed sign of weakness because they have mean scores on average below 3. Management of MFIs need to strengthen its self in the area of allowing individual initiative in decision making, recognition of management committees in place, this smoothen the operations of the institution and lastly the board need to mentor the management, most of the personnel managing these institutions lack skills in managing the entity. On the side of human capital management, 17 variables identified by PCA, basing on their mean scores, 13 have mean scores above 3 showing good performance of MFIs. In this case the strength of MFIs lies in having educated human resources in place; MFIs gave the ability to exploit the available opportunities more especially targeting low income earners that for long have been neglected. However mores is needed under human capital dimension more especially in those areas where on average their mean scores was below 3 such as training programs where the respondents revealed that the type of training obtained does not match with the job requirements therefore they do not benefit from these programs. There is still a lot of bureaucracy within the management that slows the operations of the MFIs. This is further explained by having directors commuting as loan officers. Failure to accept risk exposes the entire institution to a vague of collapse. The last dimension is risk management and in this way, 5 variables were identified by the PCA, and basing on their mean scores, 3 variables showed good progress and that is having performance management system in place, there are limited complaints from the clients about the MFIs services offered and lastly all employees are given access rights to organisation resources, the loan schemes are open to all employees and no discrimination in service delivery, however 2 variables were identified with mean scores below 3 showing weaknesses within the systems. Therefore MFIs have to improve technologies used in their operations; the use of file carbines, off line computers exposes the institution to high degree of risk. There is need to strengthen their distribution channels so that the financial services offered reach out to clients at ease. Specifically the research study identified various risks like systematic risk, operational risk, credit risk, counterparty risk and legal risk in that they do affect the gross loan portfolio in MFIs and policy measures have been recommended to mitigate such risks in financial institutions. These risks can be mitigated by; • Having Internal control systems of checks and balances • Hedging of transactions through advance booking and paying cash in advance. • Diversification of portfolio, through investing in as many assets possible • Continuous reminder of their obligations and making a fall up of clients and as well insuring the loans. • Investors are encouraged to form a network of partners in the business • Continuous engagement of a legal adviser to the institutions. The study contributed to better understanding of risk management in MFIs, that no single variable can be relied upon to explain effective management of risks but however in this study three dimensions play a crucial role in management of risks. The MFI management should focus on having an internal audit function operating independently in that financial controls should be regularly updated to cope with the changing environment. Audit committee of the board should be complete enough to supervise and regulate internal control systems, written policies in the organization should be effectively implemented with clear division of responsibilities of middle to top managers and lastly Segregation of powers and authority need to be strongly emphasized as a way of enhancing proper management of risks in MFIs.
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Buser, Michael. "Governance shifts and the city region : a comparative study of metropolitan governance in the United States and United Kingdom." Thesis, University of the West of England, Bristol, 2010. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.525192.
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Fialho, Marco Antonio. "Aspectos de ordem institucional para a gestão de resíduos sólidos em áreas metropolitanas: o desafio da intermunicipalidade." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/8/8136/tde-29062012-144538/.
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A ampliação horizontal das áreas urbanizadas dos municípios leva à formação de um tecido urbano contínuo, definido como conurbação. Essa condição tende a reduzir as possibilidades para o tratamento e disposição final de resíduos sólidos em áreas localizadas a menores distâncias dos centros geradores. Tal condição implica, entre outras questões, maiores custos para as administrações municipais. A necessidade da gestão intermunicipal para os resíduos gerados nos municípios torna-se o grande desafio, em função do sítio físico de cada municipalidade e as restrições ambientais e físicas que eventualmente possuam. Algumas experiências de gestão metropolitana existentes nas grandes cidades em redor do mundo tiveram por escopo o enfrentamento dessas questões de forma compartilhada. No caso das comunas localizadas na região francesa de Ile-de-France, a gestão do tratamento e da disposição final de resíduos está a cargo de uma agência intercomunal de tratamento de resíduos domiciliares, o Syctom, desde o início da década de 1980. Em Toronto, no Canadá, a gestão metropolitana da Metro Toronto, uma instância intermunicipal criada em 1953, possibilitou o tratamento e disposição final dos seis municípios integrantes da região metropolitana de Toronto desde então. Todavia, uma alteração no ano de 1997, decorrente de lei aprovada na província de Ontário, com a unificação de sete municipalidades, denominada amalgamation, ao mesmo tempo em que propunha uma redução dos custos, com o redimensionamento das máquinas administrativas, não levou em conta a vontade dos moradores dos antigos municípios em manter a configuração político administrativa anterior à fusão. Paradoxos entre a visão dos moradores sobre a importância dos governos locais, as questões econômicas envolvendo o financiamento de estruturas administrativas mais amplas, os desafios para a gestão de serviços de vários municípios e as formas pelas quais os estados nacionais atuam na apresentação de soluções, serão os temas aqui abordados.<br>The horizontal magnifying of urbanised areas of the cities leads on formation of continuous urban fabric, defined as conurbation. This condition tends to reduce possibilities for treatment and final disposal of solid waste in located areas not so far from the generating centers. Such condition implies, among others questions, higher costs for municipal administrations. Needs of intermunicipal management for waste generated in the cities becomes the great challenge, in function of physical space of each municipality and environmental and physical restrictions that eventually those municipalities have. Some experiences of metropolitan management in the great cities around the world have had for target facing these questions carried out as shared through partnerships. In the case of the communes located in the French region of Ile-de-France, the management of treatment and final disposal of waste is in charge of a intercomunal agency of treatment of household waste, the Syctom, since the beginning of 1980s. In Toronto, Canada, the management metropolitan of Metro Toronto, an intermunicipal instance established in 1953, since then made possible treatment and final disposal of six municipalities of metropolitan region of Toronto. However, an alteration in 1997, decurrent of law approved by Ontario province, with the unification of seven municipalities, called amalgamation, at the same time where it considered a reduction of the costs, with the resizing of the administrative structures, did not take in account the will of the inhabitants of the old cities to keeping the previous amalgamation administrative configuration. Paradoxes among the vision of the inhabitants on the economic importance of local governments, questions involving the financing of wider administrative structures, the challenges for services management of several cities and the forms for which national states act in the presentation of solutions, will be here pointed subjects.
12
Freitas, Reinaldo de. "A região metropolitana de São Paulo e o Estatuto da Metrópole : o processo de (re)construção da governança metropolitana." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2018.
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Orientador: Prof. Dr. Jeroen Johannes Klink<br>Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Federal do ABC, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Planejamento e Gestão do Território, São Bernardo do Campo, 2018.<br>A Região Metropolitana de São Paulo é o principal polo de riqueza nacional. Por
ela passam os grandes fluxos de capital, de pessoas e de informações do Brasil, em uma
rede complexa de bens e serviços. Face às peculiaridades e à escala dos problemas
enfrentados pela RMSP, coloca-se a questão da governança em uma região metropolitana
tão grande e tão complexa. Em efeito, uma vez que a RMSP não é um ente da federação
e, portanto, não possui um governo único e dedicado exclusivamente para sua gestão,
surge a necessidade de articulação entre os atores governamentais que têm atribuições e
competências sobre seu território.
As questões relacionadas aos modelos e formatos institucionais das regiões
metropolitanas vêm sendo objeto de debate há décadas, tanto no mundo acadêmico quanto
entre os profissionais e gestores que lidam diariamente com os desafios impostos pela
gestão destes territórios. Por isso alguns conceitos e ferramentas de análise são
fundamentais para a compreensão do fenômeno metropolitano.
Ao mesmo tempo, a evolução histórico-legal da governança metropolitana no
Brasil e em São Paulo nas últimas décadas mostra uma alternância entre períodos de
maior e menor centralização e contribui para o entendimento do cenário atual. Com a
aprovação do Estatuto da Metrópole (EM), no início de 2015, a imposição legal ao
governo do estado e aos municípios da elaboração conjunta de um Plano de
Desenvolvimento Urbano Integrado (PDUI), com a participação da sociedade civil, abrese
uma nova fase para a governança metropolitana brasileira e da RMSP. Este processo
ainda em curso explicita alguns conflitos e abre novas possibilidades de articulação entre
os entes federativos envolvidos.<br>The Metropolitan Region of São Paulo (MRSP) is the main centre of national
wealth in Brazil. Great flows of capital, people and information, pass through it in a
complex network of goods and services. In view of the singularities and scale of the
problems faced by the MRSP, the question of governance in such a large and complex
metropolitan region is raised. In fact, as the MRSP is not an entity of the federation and
therefore does not have a government structure exclusively dedicated to its management,
there is a need of articulation among the governmental actors that have attributions and
responsibilities over the same territory.
Issues related to the institutional models and formats of the metropolitan regions
have been the subject of debate for decades, both in the academic world and among
professionals and managers who deal daily with the challenges imposed by the
management of these territories. For this reason, some concepts and tools of analysis are
fundamental for the understanding of the metropolitan phenomenon.
At the same time, the historical-legal evolution of metropolitan governance in
Brazil and São Paulo in the last decades shows an alternation between periods of greater
and lesser centralization and contributes to better understand the current scenario. A new
phase of metropolitan governance has been opened up for Brazil and the MRSP with the
approval of the Metropolis Statute, in early 2015, and the legal obligation of the joint
elaboration of an Integrated Urban Development Plan, with the participation of civil
society. This process, which is still underway, has made explicit some conflicts and has
created new possibilities for articulation for the federative entities involved.
13
Poiret, Guillaume. "Les stratégies de mondialisation des métropoles : le cas de Toronto, Ontario." Thesis, Paris 4, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA040281.
Full textAbstract:
Ce travail s’inscrit dans un contexte de mondialisation croissante accompagné d’une importante métropolisation qui tout en concourant au développement de certaines villes qui forment désormais un réseau mondial pilotant l’économie, se trouvent face à un certain nombre de défis de nature diverse (sociale, économique ou environnementale) auxquels elles doivent apporter des réponses. C’est la question de la gouvernance métropolitaine, qui constitue la réponse principale à ces challenges que la thèse se propose d’étudier. Au travers d’une analyse de Toronto, capitale économique du Canada et capitale politique de l’Ontario, dans ses dynamiques économiques et sociales actuelles (notamment les effets du multiculturalisme sur l’attractivité de la métropole) ainsi que dans leurs conséquences politiques et au travers d’une série d’entretiens avec les acteurs locaux et provinciaux, publics et privés, ce travail propose de confronter les théories existantes pour mieux cerner leurs limites. Au terme de cette étude, un regard croisé avec l’agglomération parisienne est proposé pour permettre d’élargir le propos et de justifier la nécessité non d’une gouvernance mais d’une politique métropolitaine, menée à l’échelle nationale pour définir périmètres, acteurs, compétences et enjeux. C’est par le biais de cette politique, mettant en place une institution métropolitaine chargée de gérer les problèmes actuels de métropoles que l’on doit parvenir à conjuguer la nécessaire attractivité économique avec le bien-être des populations<br>This study examines the social, economic and environmental challenges facing cities that have emerged as global economic hubs as a result of increased globalization and significant metropolitanization. Of particular interest is the issue of metropolitan governance, which is key to overcoming those challenges and is the focus of this thesis. Through an analysis of the city of Toronto, economic capital of Canada and of Ontario politics, its current economic and social dynamics (including the impact of multiculturalism on the attractiveness of the metropolis) and their political consequences; and through a series of interviews with key players from the local and provincial, as well as public and private sectors, this study will examine the existing theories in order to better define their limits. At the end of this study, the juxtaposition of the Parisian agglomeration is explored in order to further the issue and to justify the need, not of metropolitan governance, but of metropolitan policy, exercised at the national level which will define the scope, the players, the competencies and the stakes. It is through this metropolitan policy, which would implement a metropolitan institution in charge of managing the current problems of metropolises, that we need to coalesce economic attractiveness and population well being
14
Eloy, Almir de Souza. "Metodologia para elaboração e implantação do Plano de Administração do Desenvolvimento Sustentável Municipal (PADES): uma análise da experiência aplicada no municipal de Conceição da Feira - BA." UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL DA BAHIA- ESCOLA DE ADMINISTRAÇÃO, 2014. http://repositorio.ufba.br/ri/handle/ri/18761.
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Almir de Souza Eloy.pdf: 1382312 bytes, checksum: 5b59a17d9aa6e467606feb41305d1d06 (MD5)<br>ELOY, ALMIR DE SOUZA. Metodologia para elaboração e implantação do
Plano de Administração do Desenvolvimento Sustentável Municipal (PADES):
uma análise da experiência aplicada no município de Conceição da Feira-BA.
2014. 200f. Dissertação (Mestrado Multidisciplinar e Profissionalizante em
Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social) – Programa de Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social
(PDGS), Centro Interdisciplinar de Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social (CIAGS) da
UFBA, Salvador.
Esta dissertação apresenta um modelo teórico-metodológico, ora sendo aplicado
pelo pesquisador, através de uma Pesquisa-ação, no município de Conceição da
Feira, Estado da Bahia, onde foram observados o sentido e a articulação entre os
aspectos políticos, técnicos e administrativos de políticas públicas, tendo por
pressuposto que o alcance social de qualquer intervenção pública é definido por
seus próprios objetivos. O contexto para essa discussão é a política da
administração do desenvolvimento econômico e socioterritorial, consubstanciado nas
dimensões da sustentabilidade. Assim, o PADES é visto como um instrumento, uma
Tecnologia de Gestão Social – TGS, nos termos propostos pela CF de 1988 e
regulamentados pela Lei Federal no 10.257/01 – Estatuto da Cidade.
Nos municípios de menor porte, a situação se torna mais problemática devido a
ausência de articulações com os aspectos ambientais e de desenvolvimento
regional. Quaisquer estratégias de planejamento local são consideravelmente
comprometidas pelas fragilidades das estruturas institucionais ao confrontar as
demandas socioeconômicas e a escassez dos recursos municipais para este tipo de
investimento.
A presente dissertação objetiva demonstrar que a promoção qualitativa do
desenvolvimento institucional, aliada à implementação dos planos diretores ocorridas
nos municípios da RMFS, neste caso uma pesquisa-ação no município de
Conceição da Feira, pode contribuir para o controle da gestão socioterritorial e
promoção da sustentabilidade.<br>ELOY, ALMIR DE SOUZA. Metodologia para Elaboração e Implantação do
Plano de Administração do Desenvolvimento Sustentável Municipal (PADES):
uma análise da experiência aplicada no município de Conceição da Feira-Ba.
2014. 200f. Dissertação (Mestrado Multidisciplinar e Profissionalizante em
Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social) – Programa de Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social
(PDGS), Centro Interdisciplinar de Desenvolvimento e Gestão Social (CIAGS) da
UFBA, Salvador.
This thesis presents a theoretical and methodological model, now being applied
by the researcher, through Action Research in the municipality of Conceição da
Feira, state of Bahia, where the meaning and the relationship between political,
technical and administrative aspects were observed public policy, with the
assumption that the social reach of any public intervention is defined by its own
agenda. The context for this discussion is the policy of the administration's economic
and socio-territorial development, embodied in the dimensions of sustainability. Thus,
the PADES is seen as an instrument, a Social Technology Management - TGS, as
proposed by the CF 1988 and regulated by the Federal Law 10.257 / 01 - City
Statute.
The situation become more problematic in smaller towns due to the articulation of
environmental aspect and the regional development. Any strategies of regional
planning can be considerably prevented by the fragility of institutional structures in
confront the pressures of socioeconomic demands and by the shortage of municipal
resources for this type of investment.
The present dissertation aims at demonstrating that the qualitative promotion of
institutional development, associated with the implementation of Urban Master Plan,
occurred in the municipalities of Metropolitan Region of Feira de Santana - RMFS, in
this case an action research in the municipality of Conceição da Feira, may
contribute to the control of territorial management and promoting sustainability.
15
Högberg, Yilmaz Melissa. "The urban planning of Istanbul and the provision of green resilient zones in an earthquake-hit metropolitan area -A case study of Istanbul & Avcılar." Thesis, Örebro universitet, Institutionen för humaniora, utbildnings- och samhällsvetenskap, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:oru:diva-85572.
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This paper examines how green areas may be used as strategic recovery zones in the event of an earthquake and how these zones may strengthen the resilience for future quakes in Istanbul. The paper also refers to investigating why the planning system in Turkey can pose a threat for the provision of green areas. Green areas have proven to be an important feature in natural disaster stricken cities for coping with disasters by strengthening the city’s resilience. However due to rapid population growth and high demand for housing and infrastructure, green areas risk disappearing when the city expands. This problem is evident all major cities of turkey and particularly in the country’s largest city Istanbul, where green areas are benign exploited instead of preserved; leaving larger city’s such as Istanbul vulnerable for future earthquake disasters. The high demand for new housing and functioning infrastructure in conjunction with a complicated planning system in Turkey leads to a vaguely regulated planning system, which creates a threat to green areas. This creates an uncertain situation for the city's ability and resilience to withstand a future earthquake disaster. The study will be based on a qualitative method. The empirical material will be presented through a previous research overview and a case study, which is also based on previous research on the subject. Essay analysis will be performed based on a quantitative text analysis based on concepts; urban disaster resilience, green infrastructure, land use planning and governance, presented in the essays theoretical framework. The general conclusions of the study are that there is a lack of good governance in the planning system in Turkey, which creates restrictions for a sustainable and resilient urban planning in the city of Istanbul. Green areas are resilience and capacity building areas in the city to handle future earthquake disaster, by providing open recovery zones in a densely built city. It is therefore important to plan for a long-term land use and to regard the green areas in the city to uphold strong urban disaster resilience for future earthquakes in Istanbul.
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Barreto, Eline Santos. "Desdobramento do Polo Industrial de Camaçari: o polo empresarial governador César Borges, Dias D’ávila-Ba." Universidade Catolica de Salvador, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/123456730/356.
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Previous issue date: 2017-03-21<br>O estabelecimento de um padrão urbano-industrial de aceleração de crescimento econômico da década de 1970, assegurado pela junção dos municípios com planejamento integrado em Regiões Metropolitana (RM) em 1973, conduziu a urbanização dos espaços com características locais diferentes. Esta tendência de homogeneização urbana-industrial transformou a dinâmica territorial de Dias d´Ávila.
O território de Dias d´Ávila, localizado no melhor aquífero do Recôncavo Baiano, possuía sua identidade centralizada nas suas águas e as atividades econômicas ligadas à esta centralidade. No processo de aceleração de crescimento com a implantação de um polo de crescimento na Bahia, o Complexo Petroquímico de Camaçari (COPEC), a identidade territorial de Dias d´Ávila foi desconstruída. Decorridos 39 anos desta implantação, o COPEC, a partir dos anos 2000, passou a ter um padrão mais diversificado, sendo denominado de Polo Industrial de Camaçari (PIC), mas, Dias d´Ávila ainda possui desafios a serem enfrentados.
Nesse estudo podem ser constatados, as transformações na territorialização histórica em Dias d´Ávila, a destituição de uma identidade subjetiva com as águas, as transformações ocorridas com a expansão urbana no processo de urbanização industrial, o padrão urbano-ambiental decorrente desta expansão, o padrão da ocupação territorial, evidencia também, as principais tensões ocorridas por uma gestão metropolitana debilitante, assim como, o surgimento do Polo Empresarial Governador César Borges (PEGCB) surgido por pressão urbano-industrial imposta pela metropolização em busca de constituir uma nova identidade local industrial.<br>The establishment of an urban-industrial pattern of accelerated economic growth of the 1970s, ensured by the merging of municipalities with integrated planning in the Metropolitan Regions (RM) in 1973, led to the urbanization of spaces with different local characteristics. This trend of urban-industrial homogenization transformed the territorial dynamics of Dias d'Ávila.
The territory of Dias d'Ávila, located in the best aquifer of the Recôncavo Baiano, had its identity centralized in its waters and the economic activities linked to this centrality. In the process of acceleration of growth with the implementation of a growth pole in Bahia, the Complexo Petroquímico of Camaçari (COPEC), the territorial identity of Dias d'Ávila was deconstructed. After 39 years of implementation, COPEC, since 2000, started to have a more diversified pattern, being called the Polo Industrial of Camaçari (PIC), but Dias d'Ávila still has challenges to be faced.
In this study we can see the transformations in the historical territorialization in Dias d'Ávila, the removal of a subjective identity with the waters, the transformations that occurred with the urban expansion in the industrial urbanization process, the urban-environmental pattern resulting from this expansion, the Territorial tensions, as well as, the emergent of the Polo Empresarial Governador César Borges (PEGCB) arising from urban-industrial pressure imposed by metropolization in order to constitute a new Local industrial identity.
17
Nespoli, Regina Stela. "A sustentabilidade ambiental versus crescimento urbano: efeitos da Lei de proteção dos Mananciais da região Metropolitana de São Paulo - RMSP." Universidade de São Paulo, 2017. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/16/16139/tde-19122017-115851/.
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Ao longo de várias décadas vem se intensificando a urbanização no interior de áreas de mananciais da Região Metropolitana de São Paulo - RMSP. Como resultado tem-se a diminuição da cobertura vegetal, a poluição de mananciais e a precariedade das ocupações informais, a colocar em risco a vida de milhares de pessoas. O principal objetivo desta tese é avaliar que os instrumentos da nova legislação de mananciais não foram suficientes para uma efetiva melhora e de que os ajustes da nova legislação ainda que tenham promovido um avanço e uma certa contenção do quadro de degradação ambiental e social, ainda carecem de uma maior integração entre os agentes públicos do Estado e dos Municípios envolvidos na aplicação dos instrumentos previstos. Para tanto foi adotado um recorte territorial abrangendo municípios da RMSP e distritos do município de São Paulo que estivessem total ou parcialmente abrangidos pela LPM/1975-1976, a fim de avaliar, caso a caso, o crescimento demográfico, a expansão urbana e a diminuição da cobertura vegetal dentro e fora de mananciais. Constatamos um adensamento nos territórios abrangidos pela LPM/1975-1976 selecionados para estudo, o que implica mudanças nos padrões de ocupação e uma possível diminuição da pressão sobre os remanescentes florestais. Não obstante as medidas emergenciais levadas a efeito nessas áreas, o passivo ambiental ainda é significativo, exigindo ações coordenadas e integradas dos agentes públicos do Estado e municípios envolvidos, visando à melhoria das condições ambientais e de qualidade de vida de seus habitantes e à preservação dos mananciais de abastecimento público. Entendemos que tais movimentos podem constituir o caminho para a construção de áreas urbanas com um mínimo de sustentabilidade ambiental, tendo como horizonte futuro a possibilidade de existirem cidades sustentáveis, espaço de convivência de toda sua população.<br>During several decades the urbanization around areas of water spring in the \"São Paulo Metropolitan Region (RMSP)\"has become more intense. As a result of this process, the increase of informal occupancy, the decrease of vegetation in the affected areas and pollution of the water spring put the life of thousands of people at risk. This thesis evaluates that the legislation dedicated to water springs was not sufficient in providing a solution to the problems above. The instruments provided by the new legislation - though successful in improving the overall picture of social and environmental degradation of the spring regions - remain mostly unenforced due to a lack of integration between the state and city government levels. In order to show this result, a sample of territories of the RMSP and districts of the city of São Paulo was chosen among those covered by the Water Supply Protection Law - LPM/1975-1976. Case by case, demographic increase, urban expansion and the decrease in vegetation around spring regions was researched. We observed an increase of population density in the sampled territories encompassed by the LPM/1975-1976, which implies a change in the patterns of occupancy and less degradation of areas of forests possibly. Although emergency actions were taken, the environmental degradation is far reaching. The preservation of the water and vegetation of the spring and the improvements of life quality of the local population require coordinated effort from public agents in the state and city levels. In our understanding, these coordinated actions may form a path to the ultimate goal of constructing urban areas with environmental sustainability.
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Silva, Stacy Natalie Torres da. "Desenvolvimento sustentável regional e governança metropolitana : desafios políticos e institucionais. O caso da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFABC, 2013.
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19
Chinalski, Maciej. "Regional-Governance in der Oder-Partnerschaft." Potsdam Univ.-Verl, 2009. http://d-nb.info/1003338194/04.
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Grosskurth, Jasper Alexander. "Regional sustainability tools for integrated governance /." [Maastricht] : Maastricht : [Maastricht University] ; University Library, Universiteit Maastricht [host], 2008. http://arno.unimaas.nl/show.cgi?fid=13925.
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Zimba, Anthony Andile. "Decentralised cooperative governance in the South African metropolitan municipalities." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/536.
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The study emanates from the constitutional imperatives with regard to the role of local government in community development. The notion of cooperative governance is envisaged in the South African Constitution which stipulates that all spheres of government must adhere to the principles of cooperative government and must conduct their activities within the parameters prescribed by the Constitution. The purpose is to support and strengthen the capacity of the local governments to manage their own affairs and to perform their functions. The basic values and principles governing public administration entail that: it must be broadly representative of the people of South Africa in order to redress the imbalances. The existing gaps in the legislation on decision making power at the local level of the municipality, be it in a ward committee or sub council, have not been adequately addressed in the post 1994 democratic dispensation. It is in this context that this study seeks to address these gaps and obstacles, and contribute to the design and development of a decentralized cooperative governance model, specifically to the six metropolitan municipalities and also provide a basis for further research. The findings of the research could be adapted as a national policy in the empowering of municipalities through the dispersal of democratic power which is an essential ingredient of inclusive governance. Based on a case study of six metropolitan municipalities, the research is intended to contribute to the development of empirically grounded; praxis and practical guideline in decentralized cooperative governance which can be adopted and institutionalized in public administration. It is believed that a study of decentralized cooperative governance adds value in that it seeks to link decentralized power and local development. Rather than civil society organisations being seen as adversarial, a creative partnership with the state in local development is crucial. This political assimilation is critical in the construction of democracy through fusing the substantive values of a political culture with the procedural requisites of democratic accountability. This serves to fragment and disperse political power and maintain a system of checks and balances with regard to the exercise of governmental power. The capacity for innovation, flexibility and change can be enhanced at the local level, and it is a cliché that local decision making is viewed as more democratic in contrast to central, top-down decision-making processes. A syncretistic model for local government based on the political adaptation of political and inclusive decentralisation is outlined.
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Lippi, Mariana Ferreti. "A região metropolitana da Baixada Santista: uma análise a partir dos fatores que favorecem a capacidade de governança e governabilidade regional." reponame:Repositório Institucional do FGV, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10438/8230.
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Previous issue date: 2011-02-25<br>Since the XIX century, when the first national park was established, the management of the protected areas have been evolving and improving thus becoming an important mechanism for the conservation of biodiversity and one of the major efforts of state government intervention. With that in mind this dissertation presents an in-depth analysis of the institutional arrangements of environmental politics that influence the common use of the natural resources of the local population of the “Serra do Mar” State Park. The items being analyzed for this argumentation are: the theoretical conflict between environmentalism and social-environmentalism; the problematic use of the common pool resources associated to the need, or not, of governmental intervention; the programs and actions of the São Paulo State Government for the consolidation of the conservation units under full protection; and the variables that compose the institutional arrangements of the environmental politics in the cases examined, “Cota 400” e “Água Fria”, located in Cubatão. In face of the institutional arrangements of the environmental politics for the management of the protected areas this dissertation pursues understanding which is the best situation for the conservation of the natural resources, with cases studied by the model proposed by Elinor Ostrom. The case analysis demonstrated a fragile institutional performance of the community for the sustainable use of common pool resources.<br>As regiões metropolitanas são reconhecidas como locus estratégico para o desenvolvimento econômico e social das sociedades modernas, porém ainda têm dificuldades em responder às crescentes demandas e problemas complexos. São inúmeras as soluções buscadas e aplicadas para melhor responder às demandas coletivas em áreas metropolitanas, no entanto, o que se observam ainda são sucessos parciais, que evidenciam os desafios deste tema para a gestão pública. Desta forma, o presente estudo busca contribuir tanto para a discussão teórica quanto para a base empírica dos estudos de regiões metropolitanas. Por meio de levantamento bibliográfico, foram identificados oito fatores apontados como favoráveis à governança e governabilidade em regiões metropolitanas. Com a realização de entrevistas semiestruturadas e o levantamento de dados e informações, foi possível analisar esses fatores a partir do caso da Região Metropolitana da Baixada Santista e avançar no debate sobre os limites e potencialidades relativos às ações regionais.
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Scharnick, Colleen Ann. "A sustainable governance model for metropolitan policing in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/49413.
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Thesis (MPA)--Stellenbosch University, 2008.<br>ENGLISH ABSTRACT: Having just celebrated ten years of democratic rule, South Africa, as a young
democracy, is an emerging country in the international world. It is also emerging, from a
history of police brutality in apartheid South Africa, towards embracing human rights,
accountability, police-community relations and a people-orientated approach to safety
issues.
It is this young democratic country that is paving the way for metropolitan policing on the
African continent, by setting the example in South Africa. Metropolitan/ Municipal police
has found its legislative mandate through the South African Police Amendment Act (Act
No. 83 of 1995). It provides an opportunity to enable positioning of local government
policing in a manner that will ensure that ‘quality of life’ for all is achieved through
effective, efficient and sustainable policing.
This study aims to give essence to a governance model as a strategy for sustainable
metropolitan policing. The research provided for the following concepts of sustainable
governance as a basis or foundation to build metropolitan policing:
• Institutional/ Managerial/Leadership/Sustainability;
• Political Sustainability;
• Representivity;
• Development and Growth;
• Equitable Allocation and Distribution Resources;
• People-centred Approaches;
• Democratic Rights;
• Professionalism and Ethics;
• Financial sustainability;
• Effective and Efficient Processes;
• Co-ordination and Integration;
• Sustainable decision making;
• Sustainable results The framework for sustainable governance in Metropolitan Policing is broad and key
aspects that influence the main objective of this research, namely co-ordination and
integration have been included, for the purpose of this study.
The study provides opportunity for deep reflection on how future policing at local
government level in this country is structured, shaped and managed. The international
basis of the study provides lessons conceptualised within a ‘learning organisation’
context. Metropolitan police services can enrich their organisation through learning from
their international counterparts and sister organisations, inclusive of the South African
Police Service (SAPS).
It is also the relationship with the SAPS that will be the most challenging for the
metropolitan police service. A key element that shapes the interaction between the
Metropolitan Police organisations and the South African Police Services is based on
sharing of policing power and distribution of resources. A sustainable relationship
between the SAPS and metropolitan police services is important. It directly impacts on
how policing is executed. It also requires consideration when co-ordination and
integration processes in metropolitan police organisations are considered.
The study aims to prove the importance and necessity of integration and co-ordination;
however, it also emphasises the relevance of proper systems, processes and structures
within an environment prior to embracing co-ordination and integration initiatives. It binds
the concept of co-ordination and integration into all facets of organisational life, arguing
the basis for technological assistance to consolidate such transformation.
The study brings metropolitan policing into a transit from a ‘local government traffic
organisation linked to council policies’ to a modern-day police organisation that
embraces the complexities within which such organisations exist, both externally and
internally, finding sustainable solutions and strategies for service delivery that fits our
young democratic heritage of a single decade. The challenge to shape metropolitan policing to be different from the historic apartheidstyle
municipal police force will eventually be a task for leadership of the metropolitan
police organisation (across all levels) in its responses to society in terms of service
delivery outcomes, which will be determined by how the organisation has shaped its
future (vision), what it presents to society in terms of service delivery and the measures
taken to achieve sustainability. The latter refers, in principle, and for purposes of this
study, to good governance and sustainable development, both of which form the
cornerstone of effective and efficient policing.<br>AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Teen die agtergrond van die onlangse viering van ‘n dekade van demokrasie, staan
demokratiese Suid Afrika as ‘n opkomende land op die wêreldhorison. Die land is ook
besig on weg te beweeg vanaf ‘n geskende verlede wat gekenmerk was deur
polisiebrutaliteit in apartheid-Suid-Afrika na die omhelsing van menseregte,
verantwoordelikheid, polisie-gemeenskaps verhoudinge en ‘n mensgeoriënteerde
benadering tot veiligheidsaspekte.
Dit is hierdie jong demokrasie wat leiding in Afrika neem met die konsep van
metropolitaanse polisiëring. Die Metropolitaanse/ Munisipale polisie verkry wettige
bestaansreg in die Suid Afrikaanse Polisie Wysigingswet, (Wet Nr 83 van 1995). Dit
voorsien die geleentheid om polisiëring deur middel van plaaslike regering tot reg te laat
kom op ‘n manier wat verseker dat “lewenskwaliteit” vir almal deur effektiewe ,
doeltreffende en volhoubare polisiëring verwesenlik kan word.
Hierdie studie beoog om ‘n basis te vind vir volhoubare beheer in metropolitaanse
polisiering, te wete deur:
• Institutionele / bestuur/ leierskap/ volhoubaarheid;
• Politieke volhoubaarheid;
• Verteenwoordiging;
• Ontwikkeling en groei;
• Gelyke verspreiding en toekenning van hulpbronne;
• Mens-georiënteerde strategieë;
• Demokratiese regte;
• Professionalisme en etiek;
• Finansiële volhoubaarheid;
• Effektiewe en doeltreffende prosesse;
• Ko-ordinering en integrasie;
• Volhoubare besluitneming;
• Volhoubare resultate. Die raamwerk vir volhoubare beheer in metropolitaanse polisiëring is wyd. Kernaspekte
wat die hoofdoelwit van hierdie ondersoek affekteer, naamlik ko-ordinering en
integrering, word vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie ingesluit om die argument te
versterk.
Die studie bied geleentheid vir nabetraging oor hoe die toekoms van polisiëring op
plaaslike regeringsvlak gestruktureer, geposisioneer en bestuur word. Die internasionale
grondslag van die studie bied lesse wat binne ‘n ‘lerende organisasie’ beslag gekry het.
Metropolitaanse polisie-organisasies kan hul organisasies bemagtig deur van hul
internasionale eweknieë en susterorganisasies soos die nasionale Suid-Afrikaanse
Polisiediens. (SAPD) te leer.
Dit is ook die verhouding met die SAPD wat die meeste uitdagings meebring. Naas die
verhouding met die publiek, blyk dit die belangrikste te wees as gevolg van die
polisiëringsmagte en standaarde wat op beide organisasies van toepassing is.
Volhoubaarheid in die verhouding tussen die SAPD en die metropolitaanse
polisiedienste is belangrik aangesien dit ‘n direkte impak op dienslewering asook
integrasie en ko-ordinering kan hê.
Hierdie studie beoog om die belangrikheid en noodsaaklikheid van integrasie en koordinering
te toon. Dit beklemtoon egter ook die noodsaaklikheid daarvan dat behoorlike
stelsels, prosesse en strukture in organisasies geïmplimenteer word voordat koordinering
en intergrasie aangepak word. Die studie verbind die konsepte van koordinering
en intergrasie met alle ander fasette van ‘n organisatoriese stelsel, met ‘n
sterk fokus op die rol van tegnologie ten einde transformasie te bewerkstellig.
Die studie beoog om die transformasie van ‘verkeersdienste-organisasies wat met
raadsbeleid skakel’ na ‘n metropolitaanse polisiëringsdiens te vergemaklik, ten einde ‘n
moderne organisasie daar te stel wat in staat is om kompleksiteit, as ‘n integrale deel
van die interne en eksterne omgewing, deur middel van volhoubare strategieë te bestuur
en aan die vereistes van dienslewering in ‘n jong demokrasie van tien jaar te voldoen.
Die uitdaging om metropolitaanse polisiedienste in ooreenstemming met hedendaagse
demokratiese en konstitutionele beleid te vestig, berus op die leierskap (op alle vlakke) in die organisasie. So ook is daar die verantwoordelikheid om te verseker dat
metropolitaanse polisiedienste die diensleweringsuitkomstes behaal deur middel van ‘n
volhoubare visie, die tipe en gehalte van dienste wat gelewer word en die
prosesse/strategieë wat gevolg word ten einde volhoubaarheid te bereik.
Laasgenoemde (volhoubaarheid) verwys, vir die doeleindes van hierdie studie, na goeie
beheer en volhoubare ontwikkeling, beide deel van die hoeksteen van effektiewe en
doeltreffende polisiëring.
24
Guthrie, Dwayne Pierce. "Understanding Urban, Metropolitan and Megaregion Development to Improve Transportation Governance." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/30084.
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Since the 1950s, myriad forces have expanded Americaâ s urban, metropolitan and megaregion development forms. Using a net worker exchange model, the geographic extent of commuter sheds is documented for 22 metropolitan areas within the continental United States. In addition to commuting patterns, county-to-county migration data provide collaborating evidence for the extent of metropolitan commuter sheds. Actual commuter sheds are significantly larger than the boundaries of Metropolitan Planning Organizations, created by the federal government to review and approve transportation investments in metropolitan areas.
For contiguous metropolitan areas, criteria are suggested for recognizing Transportation Megaregions based on their role as global gateways and their potential for high-speed rail service. By gaining a better understanding of development patterns at urban, metropolitan and megaregion scales, the dissertation addresses ways to improve transportation governance. The focus of this study is not on the civil engineering aspects of transportation planning. Rather, the dissertation sets forth a new paradigm for transportation governance that includes scale-dependent decision-making and funding strategies.<br>Ph. D.
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Albuquerque, Pedro Augusto Filgueira. "Governan?a metropolitana e sustentabilidade: uma an?lise da gest?o dos res?duos s?lidos em Natal e Parnamirim." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20972.
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Previous issue date: 2015-03-10<br>Atualmente o crescimento acelerado dos centros urbanos, o ac?mulo de demandas socioambientais, a rela??o entre pol?ticas p?blicas e resolu??o de problemas cada vez mais complexos acentua a sensa??o de que as cidades passam por uma crise urbana. Esta crise tem como principal caracter?stica sua multidimensionalidade, passa por quest?es econ?micas, culturais, ?ticas, ambientais e, sobretudo, pol?tica. No intuito de estudar em profundidade esta crise que se manifesta pelo processo de urbaniza??o e tem nas metr?poles sua exacerba??o, foi realizado estudo te?rico conceitual acerca do sentido de desenvolvimento sustent?vel aplicado ? realidade das cidades, extraindo desse debate os conceitos: desenvolvimento territorial sustent?vel, sustentabilidade administrativa e sustentabilidade pol?tica. A fim de testar a aplicabilidade pr?tica destes conceitos te?ricos, estudou-se em profundidade a realidade da gest?o dos res?duos s?lidos urbanos na metr?pole de Natal. De acordo com o recente debate te?rico, os res?duos compreendem um setor da crise ambiental urbana que melhor representa a rela??o entre homem e meio ambiente. Garantindo a multidimensionalidade das quest?es ambientais por meio do Saber Ambiental, foi feito um estudo qualitativo em profundidade, correlacionando os conceitos de desenvolvimento territorial sustent?vel, governan?a metropolitana e Saber Ambiental aplicado aos res?duos s?lidos. Os resultados apontam para os reais desafios das administra??es p?blicas municipais em compreender, agir e mudar a in?rcia na qual v?m operando nas ?ltimas d?cadas. Os resultados tamb?m demonstraram a import?ncia de transformar as quest?es ambientais, em desafios pol?ticos, ou seja, embate por ideias, refer?ncias ideol?gicas e ?ticas.<br>Nowadays the rapid growth of urban centers, the accumulation of social and environmental demands, the relationship between public policy and increasingly complex problems accentuates the feeling that cities undergo an urban crisis. This crisis is especially characterized by its multidimensionality, which goes through economic, cultural, ethical, environmental and, above all, political issues. In order to study the core of this crisis that is manifested by the urbanization process and has in its exacerbation on the metropolitan areas was conducted conceptual and theoretical study of the meaning of sustainable development applied to the everyday reality of cities, extracting from this debate concepts, such as: sustainable territorial development, administrative sustainability and political sustainability. Looking forward to test this the practical applicability of these theoretical concepts studied, an empirical study was done on the reality of metropolitan solid waste in Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. According to the recent theoretical debate, the waste comprises a sector of the urban environmental crisis that best represents the relationship between man and environment. Ensuring the multidimensionality of environmental issues through the ?Saber Ambietal? (LEFF, 2005), was made a extensive qualitative study correlating the concepts of sustainable territorial development, metropolitan governance and ?Saber Ambiental? applied on solid waste. The results point to the real challenges of municipal government in understanding the real situation, take action and change the inertia in which have operated in recent decades. The results also showed the importance of transforming environmental issues in political, in other words, struggle for ideas, ideological and ethical references.
26
Lau, Mandy Hang Man. "Spatial planning, meta-governance and sub-regional variation." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2013. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.608284.
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Nascimento, Diego Coelho do. "Sustainable cities and regional development: updates and perspectives in Metropolitan Cariri." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2013. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9841.
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FundaÃÃo Cearense de Apoio ao Desenvolvimento Cientifico e TecnolÃgico<br>The Cariri Region Metropolitan âCMR created by Complementary Law nÂ78 of 2009
located south of the state of Cearà , Brazilian northeastern, and is constituted of the
municipalities of Juazeiro do Norte, Crato, Barbalha, Jardim, MissÃo Velha, CaririaÃu,
Farias Brito, Nova Olinda and Santana do Cariri. Conceived to minimize the socioeconomic
inequalities between Fortaleza Metropolitan Region and the interior of the
states, CMR emerged as a possibility for municipalities to offer members a new leap
of growth and development. Performing to reach the goals and objectives stipulated
a general characterization of the Cariri Metropolitan Region in itâs idealization,
planning, needs and perspectives. The general objective of this research was to
analyze the development process experience by municipalities in the Cariri
Metropolitan Region - CMR checking if can be inserted in the perspective of
sustainability. The research has focused qualitative and quantitative being
constituted in o Case Study conducted by search bibliographic and documentary.
Data collection was conducted trough the analysis of the Millenium Development
Goals in the framework the municipalities of the CMR and interviews with the Maoyrs
of this Region Metropolitan. Trough the analysis of the results, it was found that the
CMR characterized by lack of planning and public politic service functions of common
interest beyond the lack of clarity about their purposes, needs and perspectives. It
was also noted that economic prosperity of this Region (especially CRAJUBAR)
contrast with the vulnerability social and environmental, producing a place
unsustainable in the medium and long term. Puts the insertion paradigm in the
Sustainable Cities in context Metropolitan Cariri as an important tool for the social
reality,economic and environmental, benefit of sustainable regional development. So,
the CMR would be guided by a new paradigm, consisting of a set of Sustainable
Cities articulated in support of regional development.<br>A RegiÃo Metropolitana do Cariri - RMC criada pela Lei Complementar NÂ 78 de
2009, localiza-se ao Sul do estado do CearÃ, Nordeste brasileiro e à constituÃda
pelos municÃpios de Juazeiro do Norte, Crato, Barbalha, Jardim, MissÃo Velha,
CaririaÃu, Farias Brito, Nova Olinda e Santana do Cariri. Concebida no sentido de
minimizar as desigualdades sÃcio-econÃmicas existentes entre RegiÃo Metropolitana
de Fortaleza e interior do Estado, a RMC surgiu como possibilidade de ofertar aos
municÃpios integrantes um novo salto de crescimento e desenvolvimento. Realizando
para o alcance das metas e objetivos estipulados, uma caracterizaÃÃo geral da
RegiÃo Metropolitana do Cariri em sua idealizaÃÃo, planejamento, necessidades e
perspectivas. O objetivo geral dessa pesquisa foi o de analisar o processo de
desenvolvimento vivenciado pelos municÃpios integrantes da RegiÃo Metropolitana
do Cariri - RMC, verificando se o mesmo se insere na perspectiva da
sustentabilidade. A pesquisa possui foco quali-quantitativo, constituindo-se em um
Estudo de Caso realizado por meio de pesquisa bibliogrÃfica e documental. A coleta
de dados se realizou por meio da anÃlise dos Objetivos de Desenvolvimento do
MilÃnio no Ãmbito dos municÃpios da RMC e da realizaÃÃo de entrevistas com os
prefeitos dessa regiÃo metropolitana. Por meio da anÃlise dos resultados, constatouse
que a RMC caracteriza-se pela ausÃncia de planejamento e de polÃticas pÃblicas
de atendimento as funÃÃes de interesse comum, alÃm da falta de clareza acerca das
suas finalidades, necessidades e perspectivas. Notou-se tambÃm que a
prosperidade econÃmica nessa regiÃo (sobretudo, no CRAJUBAR) contrasta com a
vulnerabilidade social e ambiental, produzindo um ambiente insustentÃvel a mÃdio e
longo prazo. Coloca-se a inserÃÃo do paradigma das Cidades SustentÃveis no
contexto metropolitano do Cariri como uma ferramenta importante de transformaÃÃo
da realidade social, econÃmica e ambiental em prol de um desenvolvimento regional
sustentÃvel. Assim, a RMC seria pautada num novo paradigma, constituÃda de um
conjunto de Cidades SustentÃveis articuladas em prol do desenvolvimento regional.
28
GURNANI, NITIN M. "COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF DENSITY PATTERNS OF CINCINNATI AND PORTLAND METROPOLITAN REGIONS 1970-2000." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2005. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1118331940.
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Moyo, Thokozani P. "Electronic Governance (E-Governance) as a Public Sector Management Tool for service provision in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1015268.
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The study explores the use of Electronic governance (E-governance) as a Public Sector management tool for service provision in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The main research question being pursued sought to find out the extent to which E-governance can be an effective tool for public sector management and service provision in the municipality. The study used both quantitative data (obtained through questionnaire survey) and qualitative data (through in-depth responses from municipality employees). The findings of the study seem to indicate that electronic governance is being utilised by a lesser percentage of citizens although it seems to be slowly gaining popularity with the highly educated and younger members of the public. Some members of the communities were still adamant to using online resources for different reasons. The study also reveals some challenges such as poverty, inequality and illiteracy as some of the hindrances to e-government. However, there is a degree of success of electronic governance in the municipality as evidenced by the percentage of the population now using the online transactions. A lot needs to be done in order to view e-governance as a true success in this municipality of Buffalo City Metropolitan if services are to be delivered effectively and efficiently to the people. It is therefore strongly recommended that there is a need to put in place good educational measures to ensure that the citizens are informed about various ways of doing online transactions with the municipality other than physically going there.
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Dimitrova, Ana. "Europeanization of regional policy in Bulgaria – the establishment of a regional level of governance." Thesis, Blekinge Tekniska Högskola, Institutionen för fysisk planering, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:bth-10516.
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The study has intended to analyze the Europeanization of the institutional structure for regional policy in Bulgaria after the first programming period of the country as a full-fledged member state of the EU. Bulgaria joined the EU in 2007 as part of the so called ‘Eastern Enlargement’ that was characterized by power asymmetry and strong conditionality. The study employs two research methods – document analysis of key policy documents and legislation, as well as qualitative interviews with key respondents with involvement or experience in the field of regional policy and development in Bulgaria. The analysis is underpinned by the concept of Europeanization and historical institutionalism which complement each other in order to explain the changes and the reasons for them. The main findings show that the EU requirements are only ‘accommodated’ in the already existing institutional structure of Bulgaria and real transformation has not occurred. The established regional level still does not have a significant role in the regional policy of the country because it represents neither self-government, nor administrative unit. The research suggests directions for future reform and refinement of the current institutional system with regard to the better formulation and implementation of regional policy in the country.
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Rosan, Christina. "Metropolitan governance and local land use planning in Boston, Denver, and Portland." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42258.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 306-310).<br>Metropolitan areas across the U.S. are characterized by sprawling development which uses larger amounts of open space than necessary, leads to the inefficient use of energy and water, increases social inequality, and causes a variety of other negative externalities. One way to prevent this type of development is to promote coordinated land use planning at the metropolitan scale. Metropolitan coordination is a challenge, however, in a country where most land use decisions are made at the local level and most states have not encouraged regional planning. This dissertation examines several different models of metropolitan coordination - or what I call metropolitan governance - and asks how they compare in term of their relative effectiveness. Given the growing interest in voluntary forms of governance, I explore whether regional planning agencies without authority are as effective at influencing local land use planning as regional planning agencies with greater authority. My research focuses on regional planning agencies in Boston, Denver, and Portland because each agency has a different level of authority over land use planning and a different level of control over certain financial tools. My hypothesis is that regional planning agencies with more tools at their disposal (such as state-mandated planning authority and the power to allocate transportation improvement funds) will be more successful at influencing local land use planning so that it meets regional goals. I find that agencies with financial and regulatory incentives are better able to engage local stakeholders and influence local land use planning.<br>by Christina Davis Rosan.<br>Ph.D.
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Zhang, Sumei. "Metropolitan dynamics of accessibility, diversity, and locations of population and activities." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1202738192.
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Normann, Roger. "Democracy in Development. A Critical View on Regional Governance." Doctoral thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Department of Industrial Economics and Technology Management, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-1573.
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<p>In this study, I argue the restraints induced through neoliberal ideology and the potential of democracy in regional development. Neoliberal ideology holds a dominating role in premising the inputs and determining the outcomes of development processes, in the sense that it overpowers facts, unbiased information, and individual intent. Democracy is challenged when neoliberal ideology retains a hegemonic position, but democracy can also be efficient in challenging the hegemonies.</p><p>The focal point of the study is to inquire into some of the processes associated with the transformation and changes towards a regional system of governance, and ask: Why is democracy disappearing from regional development? This means that this study is oriented towards how some recent regional change processes have affected democratic values on a system/regional level. Explicitly this thesis examines how meta steering of regional governance networks can influence and change both democratic and development practises in regions.</p>
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Veenstra, Gerry. "Social capital and regional health governance in Saskatchewan, Canada." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1999. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk1/tape10/PQDD_0024/NQ51018.pdf.
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Veenstra, Gerry. "Social capital and regional health governance in Saskatchewan, Canada /." *McMaster only, 1998.
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Thielemann, Eiko Ralph. "Contested governance? : European regional policy initiatives and German federalism." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2000. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/251712.
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Erkilinç, M. S. "Cost-effective spectrally-efficient optical transceiver architectures for metropolitan and regional links." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1473792/.
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The work presented herein explores cost-effective optical transceiver architectures for access, metropolitan and regional links. The primary requirement in such links is cost-effectiveness and secondly, spectral efficiency. The bandwidth/data demand is driven by data-intensive Internet applications, such as cloud-based services and video-on-demand, and is rapidly increasing in access and metro links. Therefore, cost-effective optical transceiver architectures offering high information spectral densities (ISDs > 1(b/s)/Hz) need to be implemented over metropolitan distances. Then, a key question for each link length and application is whether coherent- or direct (non-coherent) detection technology offers the best cost and performance trade-off. The performance and complexity limits of both technologies have been studied. Single polarization direct detection transceivers have been reviewed, focusing on their achievable ISDs and reach. It is concluded that subcarrier modulation (SCM) technique combined with single sideband (SSB) and high-order quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) signaling, enabled by digital signal processing (DSP) based optical transceivers, must be implemented in order to exceed an ISD of 1 (b/s)/Hz in direct-detection links. The complexity can be shifted from the optical to the electrical domain using such transceivers, and hence, the cost can be minimized. In this regard, a detailed performance comparison of two spectrally-efficient direct detection SCM techniques, namely Nyquist-SCM and OFDM, is presented by means of simulations. It is found out that Nyquist-SCM format offers the transmission distances more than double that of OFDM due to its higher resilience to signal-signal beating interference. Following this, dispersion-precompensated SSB 4- and 16-QAM Nyquist-SCM signal formats were experimentally demonstrated using in-phase and quadrature (IQ)-modulators at net optical ISDs of 1.2 and 2 (b/s)/Hz over 800 km and 323 km of standard single-mode fibre (SSMF), respectively. These demonstrations represent record net optical ISDs over such distances among the reported single polarization wavelength division multiplexed (WDM) systems. Furthermore, since the cost-effectiveness is crucial, the optical complexity of Nyquist-SCM transmitters can be significantly reduced by using low-cost modulators and high-linewidth lasers. A comprehensive theoretical study on SSB signal generation using IQ- and dual-drive Mach-Zehnder modulators (DD-MZMs) was carried out to assess their performance for WDM direct detection links. This was followed by an experimental demonstration of WDM transmission over 242 km of SSMF with a net optical ISD of 1.5 (b/s)/Hz, the highest achieved ISD using a DD-MZM-based transmitter. Following the assessment of direct detection technology using various transmitter designs, cost-effective simplified coherent receiver architectures for access and metro networks have been investigated. The optical complexity of the conventional (polarization- and phase-diverse) coherent receiver is significantly simplified, i.e., consisting of a single 3 dB coupler and balanced photodetector, utilizing heterodyne reception and Alamouti polarization-time block coding. Although the achievable net optical ISD is halved compared to a conventional coherent receiver due to Alamouti coding, its receiver sensitivity provides significant gain over a direct detection receiver at M-ary QAM formats where M ≥16.
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Binckes, Graeme D. "A development plan for the amenities of the Cape Town Metropolitan Region." Thesis, Faculty of Engineering and the Built Environment, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33403.
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LEE, BOYOUNG. "METROPOLITAN INDUSTRIAL DISTRICTS: A CINCINNATI CASE STUDY." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1054822656.
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Giersig, Nico. "Multilevel urban governance and the "European City" discussing metropolitan reforms in Stockholm and Helsinki." Wiesbaden VS, Verl. für Sozialwiss, 2008. http://d-nb.info/987830775/04.
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Gundogan, Ozdemir. "Spatial Planning And The Idea Of Progress: Zonguldak Regional And Metropolitan Planning Experiences." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606050/index.pdf.
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The object of the study is spatial planning<br>the point of view to spatial planning is idea of progress. Within this framework, this thesis will examine, planning activity, one of the most
important mediation between planners and space. Planning activity will express itself as the circulation of purpose (analysis) and action during the thesis. Firstly, spontaneity of objective purpose, partial conscious character of political purpose and conscious position of subjective purpose will be admitted as global irrational action, and so spatial planning will be assumed as a priori against idea of progress. Secondly, (partial) conscious position will express itself as the conflict of truth and illusion. Thirdly, totality, the representative of process of becoming, will supply itself as the object of idea of progress. Therefore, while examining concrete forms of planning, totality will become the mean of idea of progress.
Within this context, the first claim of our thesis is that concrete forms of planning cannot bring about the progress directly. The second claim is that they are unconscious about their position in conflict and developing one-sided attitude against space. Lastly, in the sense of totality, the third claim is that planning theories and practices, historically, produce
opposinary dynamics in them. Therefore, it will be introduced that two one-sided critiques of comprehensive planning- one is materialist and the other is idealist- comes together and
produces structure planning. Moreover, structure planning will be claimed as flexible modes of becoming, abstractly sublating historical ideologies. As a result the new modes of becoming will be considered, similarly, loading its conflict and opposinary dynamics in it, this conflict is the conflict between concrete form of planning departuring from reality and planning theory arriving to reality.
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Cenizal, Callida. "Governing the metropolis : the evolution of cooperative metropolitan governance in Mexico City's public transportation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/98927.
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Thesis: M.C.P., Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Urban Studies and Planning, June 2015.<br>This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.<br>Cataloged from student-submitted PDF version of thesis. "June 2015."<br>Includes bibliographical references (pages 90-95).<br>What enables cooperation at the metropolitan scale? This thesis explores public transportation planning in the Mexico City metropolitan area (MCMA) for empirical evidence to better understand what institutional, financial, and political conditions encourage and deter cooperative metropolitan governance. The MCMA, made up of several state-level jurisdictions, predominantly the Federal District (DF) and the State of Mexico (Edomex), continues to expand rapidly, surpassing their jurisdictional capacities and putting pressure on infrastructure like public transit, which carries almost two-thirds of daily traffic. Unhindered and even instigated by transportation and land use decisions, growth has spilled over from the historic downtown area, concentrated in the northern half of the DF, into Edomex, complicating the development, implementation, and enforcement of policies across the two jurisdictions. Using three cases of recent metropolitan-scale transit projects - Linea B, the Tren Suburbano, and Méxibus Linea 4 - as a lens, this thesis investigates how institutions and actors approach the jurisdictional and functional divides between the states, and how they have done so in the past. By examining the interactions of the various actors and institutions around the planning and implementation of each case, this thesis argues that the broadening of the transportation policy network reflects a more effective approach to metropolitan governance, auguring a future in which cooperation and competition in fact coexist at this scale not only within the realm of public transportation but also as part of overall urban dynamics.<br>by Callida Cenizal.<br>M.C.P.
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Findeisen, Francesco. "Financing metropolitan infrastructure delivery : the politics of governance in London and New York City." Thesis, Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IEPP0032.
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Des universitaires considèrent que les processus de transnationalisation segmentent l’autorité politique et érodent la capacité de gouverner les territoires aux niveaux national et métropolitain. En analysant la mise en œuvre de quatre projets d’infrastructure à Londres et dans la ville de New York, dans les secteurs du transport et de l’environnement, nous cherchons à démontrer la pertinence de l’action collective dans les territoires métropolitains. Ce travail démontre que la mondialisation ouvre des opportunités de caractère structurel aux autorités métropolitaines pour réaffirmer leur autorité politique au sein du territoire et introduit la possibilité d’exercer la gouvernance par les autorités non souveraines. Il avance l’idée que la dotation d’infrastructures est un terrain où ont lieu des luttes de pouvoir entre les autorités souveraines, les autorités non souveraines et les grandes entreprises où le vainqueur conquiert des capacités budgétaires et de financement, ce qui légitime son autorité dans les sphères politiques. Les études de cas illustrent le fait que les acteurs qualifiés de la politique métropolitaine utilisent la légitimité de leurs services pour formuler des politiques et créer un environnement favorable au partenariat entre la sphère publique et les experts en financement d’infrastructures, acquérant ainsi la capacité budgétaire et financière nécessaire aux projets d’infrastructure. En conclusion, ce travail soutient que la dotation d’infrastructures publiques aujourd’hui requiert la participation d’acteurs relevant de l’État et d’acteurs locaux, pour créer les conditions de l’investissement permettant de forger des relations significatives avec de grandes entreprises et des investisseurs partageant les responsabilités, les risques et les bénéfices<br>Scholars suggest that transnationalization processes fragment policy authority and undermine the governability of national and metropolitan societies. This dissertation analyzes the implementation of four infrastructure projects in London and New York City’s transit and environment sectors to probe collective action capacities in metropolitan territories. It demonstrates that globalization opens structural opportunities for metropolitan governments to reassert policy authority within their territories and infuses governance at sub-sovereign scale with politics. It argues that infrastructure provision is a terrain for power struggles between sovereign and sub-sovereign governments and large firms, in which the trophy is the accumulation of fiscal and financing capacity and legitimate authority over policy spheres. The case studies highlight that skilled metropolitan policy actors use the legitimacy of their offices to formulate policies and forge stakeholder environments in which public and infrastructure finance experts produce the necessary fiscal and financing capacity for infrastructure projects. It concludes that providing public infrastructures today requires state and local actors to create investment settings that forge meaningful relationships with large firms and investors between responsibilities, risks, and rewards
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Moinuddin, Golam. "Metropolitan government : an examination into its prospects for improving urban basic services governance in Dhaka city, Bangladesh." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/194607.
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The purpose of this research is to investigate the contribution of basic services namely water supply, electricity, sewerage, telephone, roads and drainage network etc. for urban living in Dhaka. In the last three and a half decades, Dhaka’s urban basic services governance has been functioning scantily because of supply shortage, sub-standard quality, lack of inter-operator coordination, resource constraints etc. Fragmented governance of urban services – which allowed functioning of several independent special purpose providers in the city - has been argued to be the key contributor by the concerned local researchers, academics, politicians, user groups etc. The same have professed integrated governance of these basic services under the single institutional canvas of a general-purpose metropolitan government headed by elected leadership as the potential remedy.
The research is aimed at examining the prospects of metropolitan government for rendering improvements in this connection. In the process, the research investigated the institutional capacities of the selected service providers based on secondary information, carried out questionnaire interview on sampled users to gauge on their level of satisfaction with the present service governance. The above two investigations examined the effectiveness, equity, efficiency and responsiveness of the existing arrangement as in broad terms, these determines the governance performance. Additionally, the research reviewed cases of metropolitan government from overseas to learn how the arrangement can contribute in this regard.
Investigation results from Dhaka align with the assertion that fragmented mode of governing urban basic services have caused the surfacing of the present ailing status. Review of overseas experiences revealed that metropolitan government arrangement has been quite successful in improving governance problems of urban services similar to Dhaka.
Based on the results, the current research favors the establishment of a general-purpose metropolitan government in Dhaka with sole powers over urban basic services delivery and management. The research also suggests that key considerations for enacting such a governance arrangement needs to reflect on the prospects of consolidating functional and areal jurisdictions, financial affairs of urban basic services under its single institutional framework. The research is significant in context of Dhaka as well as Bangladesh in way that it crafts scope for conducting further examination on issues related to the strengthening of urban local government bodies, tentative functional domains and prospects of implementing metropolitan government in other Bangladeshi cities.<br>published_or_final_version<br>Kadoorie Institute<br>Doctoral<br>Doctor of Philosophy
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Eghrari, Susan. "Arranjo institucional, articulação governamental, gestão de recursos financeiros e planejamento na governança metropolitana : a referência de Montreal e a experiência brasileira." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UnB, 2013. http://repositorio.unb.br/handle/10482/15957.
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2013_SusanEghrari.pdf: 3379067 bytes, checksum: d64872f384da20b94b68f0e34d18f820 (MD5)<br>As forças globalizadoras, a intensa urbanização e os fluxos de informação, mercados e pessoas atuam dinamicamente na formação de grandes aglomerados de cidades interligadas, constituindo metrópoles. Em conjuntos metropolitanos de diferentes continentes, a amplitude de problemas e a necessidade de serviços de interesse comum requerem formas complexas de gerenciamento. No Brasil, uma fase desenvolvimentista definiu inicialmente nove regiões metropolitanas e representou décadas de institucionalização centralizada. Mesmo diante de processos estabelecidos de planejamento e disponibilidade de recursos, essas áreas apresentaram dificuldades crescentes. Uma fase de redemocratização estabeleceu tendências a um aumento das entidades metropolitanas, em um quadro de descentralização, descrédito do planejamento centralizado e reduzido apoio financeiro. Uma fase mais recente, neodesenvolvimentista, encontra mais de 50 regiões metropolitanas e mostra tendências a uma descentralização e a diferentes tipos de gestão, sem contar com recursos suficientes para enfrentar problemas que se propagam. Um dos pressupostos da análise é que o percurso histórico e o contexto socioeconômico e político influenciam na construção de distintas formas de enfrentamento das questões metropolitanas. Considera-se ainda que o agenciamento desses processos relaciona-se ao que tem sido chamado de governança - um conjunto de condições que permitiriam não apenas a formulação de projetos comuns como também sua implementação. Uma aproximação sobre a região metropolitana de Montreal explora quatro critérios que expressariam condições básicas de governança: 1) arranjo institucional e marcos regulatórios; 2) articulação e coordenação das esferas de ação governamental; 3) gestão de recursos financeiros; 4) formas de planejamento e concertação. Considerando os avanços e limitações observados, a abordagem corrobora os critérios propostos e ressalta como requisitos de uma governança eficaz a criação de capacidades para a cooperação interinstitucional e a participação cidadã. Essas condições permitiriam ainda construir bases para uma governança efetiva e justa. O trabalho teve como objetivo analisar, à luz da experiência internacional, o alcance e os limites no Brasil de distintas estruturas de governança na construção de uma agenda metropolitana compartilhada. Partindo de percursos históricos e contextos diferentes, a aplicação das quatro dimensões nas Regiões Metropolitanas de Salvador, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte, e no Consórcio Intermunicipal Grande ABC, revela condições e formas distintas de governança. Dado um patamar reduzido de participação federal e diferentes prioridades dos governos estaduais e municipais envolvidos, a cada uma dessas experiências estão associados alguns avanços e inúmeros limites. O processo se reflete não apenas nos enormes obstáculos para a construção de uma agenda metropolitana compartilhada como na crônica dificuldade para oferecer serviços de interesse comum. O estudo indica que não existe um modelo privilegiado de governança metropolitana, mas torna-se essencial um processo de aprendizagem. Em um quadro de interesses conflitantes, a eficiência institucional voltada para a justiça social, econômica e territorial representariam avanços em direção a um sistema de governança metropolitana sólido e colaborativo. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ ABSTRACT<br>Globalizing forces, intense urbanization and information flows, markets and people, act dynamically in the forming of large clusters and interconnected cities, constituting metropolises. In metropolitan clusters in different continents, the breadth of problems and the need for services of common interest require complex forms of management. In Brazil, a developmental phase initially defined nine metropolitan regions and represented decades of centralized institutionalization. Although in light of established planning processes and available resources, increasing difficulties were observed in these areas. A phase of redemocratization established a trend of growing metropolises, in a context of decentralization, discredit of centralized planning, and reduced financial support. A more recent, neo developmental phase, presents more than 50 metropolitan regions and shows trends towards decentralization and different types of management, without sufficient resources to deal with spreading problems. One of the assumptions of the analysis is that the historical course and socioeconomic and political context influence the development of different ways of tackling metropolitan issues. One also considers that the agency of these processes is related to what has been called governance – a set of conditions supposed to allow not only the formulation of common projects, but also their implementation. An approximation to the metropolitan region of Montreal explores four criteria supposed to express basic governance conditions: 1) institutional arrangement and regulatory frameworks; 2) articulation and coordination of governmental action spheres; 3) financial resources management; 4) forms of planning and concertation. These conditions would also allow for the development of bases for efficient and just governance. Considering the advancements and limitations observed, the approach corroborates the criteria proposed, and highlights, as requisites for effective governance, the creation of capacities for interinstitutional cooperation and citizen participation. The research aimed to analyze, in light of international experience, the reach and limits, in Brazil, of different governance structures, in the development of a shared metropolitan agenda. Starting from different histories and contexts, application of the four dimensions in the Metropolitan Regions of Salvador, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte, and the ―ABC‖ Intercity Consortium, reveals different conditions and forms of governance. Due to a low threshold of public participation and different priorities of the state and municipal governments involved, a few advancements and numerous limits are associated to each one of these experiences. The process is reflected not only in the enormous obstacles for the development of a shared metropolitan agenda, as in the chronic difficulty to offer services of common interest. The study indicates that there is no privileged model of metropolitan governance, rather a learning process becomes essential. In a setting of conflicting interests, institutional effectiveness aimed at social, economic and territorial justice would represent advances towards a solid and collaborative system of metropolitan governance. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ RÉSUMÉ<br>Les forces mondialisantes, l‘intense urbanisation et les flux d‘information, des marchés et des gens agissent dynamiquement dans la formation de grandes agglomérations de villes inter-connectées, constituant les métropoles. Dans les ensembles métropolitains de différents continents l‘amplitude des problèmes et la nécessité pour les services d‘intérêt commun exigent des formes complexes de gestion. Au Brésil, une phase de développement a défini initialement neuf régions métropolitaines et a représenté des décennies d‘institutionnalisation centralisée. Même face à des processus établis de planification et de disponibilité de ressources, ces domaines présentent des difficultés croissantes. Une phase de redémocratisation a mis en place une augmentation d‘entités métropolitaines dans un cadre de décentralisation, discrédit de la planification centralisée et soutien financier réduit. Une phase plus récente, neodéveloppementiste, trouve plus de 50 régions métropolitaines et montre des tendances à une décentralisation et à de différents types de gestion, sans compter avec les ressources suffisantes pour faire face aux problèmes qui se propagent. L‘une des hypothèses de l‘analyse est que le parcours historique et le contexte socio-économique et politique influencent la construction de différentes façons de faire face aux enjeux métropolitains. On considère encore que la disposition de ces processus est liée à ce qui est appelé gouvernance - un ensemble de conditions qui permettraient non seulement la formulation de projets communs mais aussi sa mise en oeuvre. Une approximation sur la région métropolitaine de Montréal exploite quatre critères qui exprimeraient des conditions de base de la gouvernance : 1) l‘arrangement institutionnel et les cadres réglementaires; 2) l‘articulation et la coordination des sphères d‘action gouvernementale; 3) la gestion des ressources financières; 4) les formes de planification et réparation. En considérant les avances et limitations observées, l‘approche renforce les critères proposés et souligne comme exigences d‘une gouvernance efficace à la création des capacités pour la coopération interinstitutionnelle et la participation du citoyen. Ces conditions ont permis encore de construire les bases pour une gouvernance effective et équitable. L‘étude vise à analyser à la lumière de l‘expérience internationale, la portée et les limites au Brésil de structures distinctes de gouvernance dans la construction d‘un agenda métropolitain commun. En partant de trajectoires historiques et des contextes différents, l‘application des quatre dimensions dans les Régions Métropolitaines de Salvador, Curitiba, Belo Horizonte et dans le Consórcio Intermunicipal do ABC révèle des conditions et des formes distinctes de gouvernance. Compte tenu d‘une participation fédérale réduite et des différentes priorités des gouvernements d‘État et municipaux impliqués, à chacune de ces expériences sont associées certaines avances et de nombreuses limites. Le processus se reflète non seulement dans d‘énormes obstacles à la construction d‘un agenda métropolitain commun mais aussi à la difficulté chronique en fournissant des services d‘intérêt commun. L‘étude indique qu‘il n‘y pas de modèle privilégié de gouvernance métropolitaine, mais il est essentiel un processus d‘apprentissage. Dans un contexte d‘intérêts en conflit, l‘efficience institutionnelle tournée vers la justice sociale, économique et territoriale représenteraient des progrès vers un système de gouvernance métropolitaine solide et collaborative.
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Kan, Ka-man, and 簡嘉敏. "Regional planning and regional governance: a case study of Hong Kong-Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2001. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B42576064.
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Kan, Ka-man. "Regional planning and regional governance : a case study of Hong Kong-Shenzhen in the Pearl River Delta /." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2001. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B42576064.
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au, s. talukder@murdoch edu, and Sirajul Haq Talukder. "Managing megacities : a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka." Murdoch University, 2006. http://wwwlib.murdoch.edu.au/adt/browse/view/adt-MU20070508.145238.
Full textAbstract:
Megacities of over 10 million population are a phenomenon not seen before in human
history. Among 19 Megacities, 14 are in developing countries and 11 are in Asia. Dhaka
represents one of the most extreme examples of rapid Megacity growth having a mere
129,000 at the start of the 20th century, 417,000 by 1950 and more than 12 million in
2001.
How can a city be governed that has increased 30 times in size over a persons lifetime?
This thesis makes a case for integrated Metropolitan Regional Governance (MRG) of the
Extended Metropolitan Region of Dhaka.
The growing problems of Asian Megacities in general and Dhaka in particular are
outlined, showing how governance has developed in a sectoral and national way rather
than being place oriented. This has fractured and become totally inadequate as a means
of solving the deep environmental, social and economic problems of the Megacity.
The governance issues of Megacities are traced to the primary problem of the need for
integrative functions in strategic and statutory planning as well as development
facilitation of the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). Ten core principles of
Metropolitan Regional Governance are established. Without this, the Megacitys
functions of infrastructure, investment, housing, environmental management,
employment etc. are not coordinated or prioritised in ways that lead to common good
sustainability outcomes.
The ten principles are applied to four Asian Megacities Metro-Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok
and Jakarta to confirm their relevance and application before applying them to Dhaka.
The problems of Dhaka are outlined then an analysis of Dhaka governance options is
attempted based on the ten core principles of MRG. Four possibilities are analysed and
a way forward is suggested combining the options.
The proposed structure will build on the present system with greater responsibilities for
strategic planning, statutory planning and development facilitation. It will also build up
municipalities through a more transparent and engaged local planning process and create
partnerships for infrastructure development.
The proposed governance structure would use the dynamism of the Megacity to create
sustainable solutions and hope for the future of the city. The key to implementation will
be finding the political solution to make such painful change, and training professionals
in the broad integrative skills of urban sustainability and community engagement that are
required for the region as well as the participation and partnership skills at local level.
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Talukder, Sirajul Haq. "Managing megacities : a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka /." Talukder, Sirajul Haq (2006) Managing megacities: a case study of metroplitan regional governance for Dhaka. PhD thesis, Murdoch University, 2006. http://researchrepository.murdoch.edu.au/330/.
Full textAbstract:
Megacities of over 10 million population are a phenomenon not seen before in human history. Among 19 Megacities, 14 are in developing countries and 11 are in Asia. Dhaka represents one of the most extreme examples of rapid Megacity growth having a mere 129,000 at the start of the 20th century, 417,000 by 1950 and more than 12 million in 2001.
How can a city be governed that has increased 30 times in size over a person?s lifetime? This thesis makes a case for integrated Metropolitan Regional Governance (MRG) of the Extended Metropolitan Region of Dhaka.
The growing problems of Asian Megacities in general and Dhaka in particular are outlined, showing how governance has developed in a sectoral and national way rather than being place oriented. This has fractured and become totally inadequate as a means of solving the deep environmental, social and economic problems of the Megacity.
The governance issues of Megacities are traced to the primary problem of the need for integrative functions in strategic and statutory planning as well as development facilitation of the Extended Metropolitan Region (EMR). Ten core principles of Metropolitan Regional Governance are established. Without this, the Megacity's functions of infrastructure, investment, housing, environmental management, employment etc. are not coordinated or prioritised in ways that lead to 'common good' sustainability outcomes.
The ten principles are applied to four Asian Megacities - Metro-Manila, Tokyo, Bangkok and Jakarta - to confirm their relevance and application before applying them to Dhaka.
The problems of Dhaka are outlined then an analysis of Dhaka governance options is attempted based on the ten core principles of MRG. Four possibilities are analysed and a way forward is suggested combining the options.
The proposed structure will build on the present system with greater responsibilities for strategic planning, statutory planning and development facilitation. It will also build up municipalities through a more transparent and engaged local planning process and create partnerships for infrastructure development.
The proposed governance structure would use the dynamism of the Megacity to create sustainable solutions and hope for the future of the city. The key to implementation will be finding the political solution to make such painful change, and training professionals in the broad integrative skills of urban sustainability and community engagement that are required for the region as well as the participation and partnership skills at local level.
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Sorg, Jens [Verfasser]. "Experimentalist Regional Governance : Policy Analysis in Geographic-Functional Regions / Jens Sorg." Frankfurt a.M. : Peter Lang GmbH, Internationaler Verlag der Wissenschaften, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1228749051/34.
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