Relevant bibliographies by topics / Metropolitan area networks (MAN)

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers
  6. Reports

Academic literature on the topic 'Metropolitan area networks (MAN)'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 4 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Metropolitan area networks (MAN)"

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Devana, Bhargava, Sudharshana Kristipati, and Raghava Nirati. "Recycling of Bandwidth in Metropolitan Area Networks(MAN)." International Journal of Computer Science and Information Technology 3, no. 6 (2011): 19–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.5121/ijcsit.2011.3602.

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Stanowicka, Agnieszka. "Metropolitan Areas in Poland - State of Development and its Barriers." Olsztyn Economic Journal 10, no. 2 (2015): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.31648/oej.3143.

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Metropolitan areas are increasingly often regarded as the key drivers of economic growth and the main targets of social and economic development strategies. Those processes are fraught with numerous limitations and barriers. The aim of this study was to identify major problems in the development of Polish metropolitan areas. The key issues were characterized based on a review of the available literature. Attempts were made to propose general solutions to selected problems. In Poland, the identification of metropolitan areas poses a problem, which lowers the effectiveness of management strategies for those regions. Polish urban agglomerations have weakly developed metropolitan functions, which compromises their status in European rankings and European metropolitan area networks.
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Ii, Go Yun, Thio Tzer Hwai Gilbert, and K. Dimyati. "Performance Enhancement of 10 Gbps OCDMA Networks Using DPSK and DQPSK with Unique Code-Sequence." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 274–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.274.

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This paper demonstrates the achievable performance enhancement in a multi-user network using optical unique code sequences. The study is conducted in a four-user Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) with a transmission rate of 10 Gbps. This paper investigates the feasibility of implementing Differential Phase Shift Keying (DPSK) and Differential Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (DQPSK) technique to replace conventional techniques such as On-Off Keying (OOK) and Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK). The performance of the integrated formulation of optical unique code sequenceswith DPSK and DQPSKtechnique is evaluated by determining the Bit Error Rate (BER) for various configurations and transmission distances up to 100 km.
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Yi, Jing, Xue Dong Li, Xiao Feng Li, and Hong Ling Gou. "Research on P2P Transmission Optimizing Strategy." Applied Mechanics and Materials 513-517 (February 2014): 1797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.513-517.1797.

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To reduce the congestion of trunk network caused by P2P transmission, a P2P transmission optimizing scheme is introduced in metropolitan area network (MAN) in this paper. In this scheme distance vectors such as Huffman Code are used to represent topology relations of nodes in MAN, and distance vectors of nodes which store nodes in topology server are built. According to the distance vectors, physical distances of each node are calculated, and most transmission flow is controlled on the edge of MAN, thus transmission optimizing is realized.
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Salavisa, Isabel, Maria Fátima Ferreiro, and Sofia Bizarro. "The Transition of the Agro-Food System: Lessons from Organic Farming in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area." Sustainability 13, no. 17 (2021): 9495. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13179495.

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The paper presents a study on the transition of the agro-food system in Portugal through the analysis of case studies in the Lisbon Metropolitan Area. The theoretical framework draws on the literature on the transition of sociotechnical systems, taking into account the multidimensional nature of the food system (ecological, environmental, socioeconomic, and cultural). Social and institutional innovation, technological innovation, public policy impact, and the interactions with the dominant regime are the main dimensions guiding the study of the organic farming initiatives. We identified the supportive policy measures, the role of producers’ networks, the relevance of values, and the obstacles and challenges these initiatives face in their growth process. While the results are in line with the theoretical debate, they also provide new insights on the selection environment, the networks’ dual nature and the existence of different development paths within the organic food niche. One of the main conclusions is that organic farmers perceive the regulatory framework as unfair relative to that of conventional agriculture. Therefore, it is crucial to change this framework to speed up the transition of the agro-food system in Portugal and at the European level.
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Kasraian, Dena, Kees Maat, and Bert van Wee. "The impact of urban proximity, transport accessibility and policy on urban growth: A longitudinal analysis over five decades." Environment and Planning B: Urban Analytics and City Science 46, no. 6 (2017): 1000–1017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2399808317740355.

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Transport accessibility is assumed to be a main driver of urbanisation. Like many other metropolitan regions, the Randstad, the population and economic core of the Netherlands has experienced significant urbanisation, transport network expansion and spatial policies aimed to channel urban growth. This paper investigates the long-term relationships between the development of railway and motorway networks, urbanisation, and spatial policies, by using a panel dataset consisting of grid cells measured at six time points from 1960 to 2010. Generalised Estimating Equations analysis was applied to model the built-up area. Predictors include proximity to and accessibility by transport infrastructure, vicinity of urban areas, and spatial policies. Results indicate that road and rail accessibility alike, stably influenced urbanisation, but less than proximity to urban areas. Spatial policies played a significant role in channelling new urbanisation, while preserving the centrally located green and mainly rural area. Remarkably, the legacy of earlier policies is still significant despite shifts in predominant Dutch spatial policies. The findings are expected to be relevant for comparable poly-nuclear areas.
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Veiga, Adonay, and Claudia Abbas. "Proposal and Application of Bluetooth Mesh Profile for Smart Cities’ Services." Smart Cities 2, no. 1 (2018): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/smartcities2010001.

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‘Smart cities’ is a concept that embraces many technologies and solutions in sensing and carrying a city’s data through a network for further processing and analysis. Smart cities’ main priority is citizens and environmental sustainability. In practice, wireless sensors networks over mesh networks are the approach employed most of the time. In terms of wireless communications technologies, Bluetooth low energy offers a robust, low cost, and low power consumption option. The recently published Bluetooth mesh profile specification addresses the most relevant challenges on that paradigm, adding secure multicast communications capabilities. A framework to create Smart Cities services was proposed and a traffic light service was used to demonstrate specification applicability for smart cities’ services. The proposed service showed that data may be collected and shared between devices in a mesh network through and over a metropolitan area. The specification’s strengths were demonstrated and some topics for further development were identified.
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Levy, I., C. Mihele, G. Lu, J. Narayan, N. Hilker, and J. R. Brook. "Elucidating multipollutant exposure across a complex metropolitan area by systematic deployment of a mobile laboratory." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions 12, no. 12 (2012): 31585–627. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acpd-12-31585-2012.

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Abstract. In urban areas, air quality is the outcome of multiple emission sources, each emitting a different combination of air pollutants. The result is a complex mixture of pollutants with a different spatiotemporal variability for each constituent. Studies exploring average spatial patterns across urban areas typically rely on air quality monitoring networks of a few sites, short multi-site saturation monitoring campaigns measuring a limited number of pollutants and/or air quality models. Each of these options has limitations. This study elucidates the main complexities of urban air quality with respect to small scale spatial differences for multiple pollutants so as to gain a better understanding of the variability in exposure estimates in urban areas. Mobile measurements of 23 air pollutants were taken at high resolution in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, and examined with respect to space, time and their interrelationships. The same route was systematically followed on 34 measurement days spread over different seasons and measurements were compared to adjacent air quality monitoring network stations. This approach allowed linkage of the mobile measurements to the network observations and to generate average maps that provide reliable information on the typical, annual average spatial pattern. Sharp differences in the spatial distribution were found to exist between different pollutants on the sub-urban scale, i.e. the neighbourhood to street scales, even for pollutants usually associated with the same specific sources. Nearby microenvironments may have a wide range in average pollution levels varying by up to 300%, which may cause large misclassification errors in estimating chronic exposures in epidemiological studies. For example, NO2 measurements next to a main road microenvironment are shown to be 210–265% higher than levels measured at a nearby urban background monitoring site, while black carbon is higher by 180–200% and ultrafine particles are 300% higher. For some pollutants (e.g. SO2 and benzene), there is good correspondence on a large scale due to similar emission sources, but differences on a small scale in proximity to these sources. Moreover. hotspots of different pollutants were identified and quantified. These results demonstrate the ability of an independent heavily instrumented mobile laboratory survey to quantify the representativeness of the monitoring sites to unmonitored locations, reveal the complex relationships between pollutants and understand chronic multi-pollutant exposure patterns associated with outdoor concentrations in an urban environment.
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Kermanshahi, Shahab, Yousef Shafahi, and Mehdi Bagherian. "APPLICATION OF A NEW RAPID TRANSIT NETWORK DESIGN MODEL TO BUS RAPID TRANSIT NETWORK DESIGN: CASE STUDY ISFAHAN METROPOLITAN AREA." TRANSPORT 30, no. 1 (2013): 92–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/16484142.2013.816772.

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The problem of Rapid Transit Network Design (RTND) is studied in this paper. Due to the noticeable contribution of rapid transit lines in public transportation network of large urban areas, this problem is interesting to the transportation specialists. On the other hand, the success stories of Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) systems in different countries have motivated us to study BRT network planning. BRT systems can be developed with less investment costs and construction time in comparison with rail-based systems. Therefore, planning Bus Rapid Transit lines, either to develop a new rapid transit network or extend a current one can be an interesting research topic. This problem, like other network design problems is difficult to solve for large scale networks. In this study, a mixed-integer mathematical model that addresses the Transit Network Design Problem (TNDP) is presented. The objective function of the model is maximization of trip coverage. To solve the model, an algorithm is proposed and implemented in C# environment. The main modules of the algorithm are the following: (1) routes generation, (2) search tree, (3) solution evaluation, and (4) inference. In Route Generation module, the candidate transit route set is determined. Afterwards, the Search Tree module provides a strategy which guarantees that all feasible combinations can be considered in the search process. To evaluate the performance of each transit route combination, a transit assignment algorithm is used in the Solution Evaluation part. Finally, the intelligence core of the search process, that is called Inference, helps the algorithm to find parts of the search space which cannot contain the optimal solution. The algorithm is tested on a real size network, i.e., the extension of the Greater Isfahan rapid transit network with BRT routes. The output of the algorithm is the set of BRT routes that maximizes the daily trip coverage index while satisfying the budget constraint. By solving the case study problem, it is shown that our proposed model and algorithm are capable of tackling real size rapid transit network design problems.
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Schreuder, Y. "The German-American Pharmaceutical Business Establishment in the New York Metropolitan Region." Environment and Planning A: Economy and Space 30, no. 10 (1998): 1743–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1068/a301743.

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Between World War 1 and World War 2, the New York metropolitan region became the main region for the production of organic synthetic pharmaceuticals in the United States. The leaders in this area of specialization were subsidiaries of foreign—mostly German—companies which had established distribution networks in the 19th century and had begun manufacturing pharmaceuticals in the region at the turn of the century. By looking back to the mid-19th century, the author analyzes the relationships between the German professional and business immigrant community in New York (among them the Forty-Eighters), the development of the New York hinterland, and the success of the German-American pharmaceutical business establishment, in an effort to discern one possible explanation of the concentration of the pharmaceutical industry in New York metropolitan region.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Metropolitan area networks (MAN)"

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Pulugam, Sandhya Reddy. "A novel self healing ring architecture for metropolitan area networks (MANs)." abstract and full text PDF (UNR users only), 2009. http://0-gateway.proquest.com.innopac.library.unr.edu/openurl?url_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:dissertation&res_dat=xri:pqdiss&rft_dat=xri:pqdiss:1464423.

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Pham, Don H. "Medium access delay evaluation for distributed queueing [sic] dual bus (DQDB) MAC protocol /." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/44732.

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Distributed Queuing Dual Bus (DQDB) is a media access control (MAC) technique, which is being considered by the IEEE 802.6 for the metropolitan area network (MAN). The DQDB medium access technique has many promising advantages over other access methods. However it has one drawback, which is its unfairness in terms of node-dependent medium access delay. In this paper a mathematic model is formulated to describe this detrimental behavior of DQDB. The access control method is first modeled as a M/G/1 queueing system with a single priority level, then it is remodeled as a non-preemptive priority system with three priority levels. By employing these models, the approximate medium access delay analysis of a DQDB network is investigated for a metropolitan area network containing 50 stations with a channel bandwidth of 150 Mbps. Numerical results are then presented to illustrate the network unfairness performance under various traffic intensities and under different priority levels. The results have been obtained for non-isochronous (asynchronous) traffic.<br>Master of Science
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Khan, Tehmina Karamat. "Resilience Routing in AdHoc Networks. A decision based routing tree mechanism that can establish routes in adhoc network, which may than be configured into logical dual ring. Also a system is proposed to embed the QoS mechanisms, resilience and reliability features from RPR." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/4871.

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As the number of people using wireless networks is increasing, the need to reduce the vulnerability of wireless networks from node or link failures that cause loss of data is becoming a priority. Also the present techniques and topologies used for wireless networking are not sufficient to handle the traffic load even if we solve the issues of reliability and resilience. Packet loss or delay is increasingly likely due to the increase in the number of packets as technology is evolving and more video and voice packets along with the data packets are being transmitted. Only the efficient and intelligent use of the shared medium can solve the problem and help in avoiding the collision or delay among the packets using a newly proposed intelligent topology. Wireless technology offers the potential to replace wires from many applications, particularly for the rapid deployment of networks for permanent or temporary use. Fiber_ optic metropolitan area networks (WAN) provide security and resilience. A target of the research was to match this in the wireless environment. This research investigates the suitability if using wireless technology for the establishment of a MAN by adding features to enhance resilience. We proposed a mechanism that may be rapidly deployed and provide automatic configuration. Research work and simulation design has been used to develop a new wireless network topology for an efficient and intelligent packet transmission by identifying reliable routes. This novel idea will help give wireless as well as mobile technology a clear edge over wired technology, not only in the case of mobility but also in the case of security of data and other services. A decision based routing tree mechanism has been developed, that can establish routes in an ad-hoc network which may than be configured into a logical dual ring. At the same time the proposed system proposes to embed the quality of service mechanisms, resilience, and reliability features from RPR. The simulations were created using Microsoft Visual Studio.Net for the Decision based routing algorithm. The results were compared with an existing LAR algorithm. We have obtained 95% confidence intervals on all the performance analysis results to indicate accuracy.
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Greaves, David J. "Multi-access metropolitan area networks." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1989. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.303053.

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Carrapatoso, E. M. E. M. "Design and simulation of metropolitan area communications networks." Thesis, University of Bradford, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.379040.

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Kim, Jaedon. "Optical burst-mode transmission for metropolitan area networks /." May be available electronically:, 2007. http://proquest.umi.com/login?COPT=REJTPTU1MTUmSU5UPTAmVkVSPTI=&clientId=12498.

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Mallory, Patrick L. "Extending IEEE 802.11b Wireless Local Area Networks to the metropolitan area." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 2001. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA406344.

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Cheng, Xian. "Polling systems and their applications in metropolitan area networks." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1987. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/9202.

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Lin, Katherine Xiaoyan. "Green optical network design : power optimization of wide area and metropolitan area networks." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/66434.

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Thesis (M. Eng.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 2011.<br>Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.<br>Includes bibliographical references (p. 133-134).<br>Advancements in technology are fueling huge growth in network traffic capacity. Demand for low cost, reliable, and high bitrate transmissions grows 40-110% internationally every year. To date, most research has focused on cost minimization of wide area and metropolitan area networks. In this thesis, we concentrate instead on finding scalable WAN designs with respect to power constraints and optimal MAN topologies with minimal capital and operating expenditures. We find optical bypass networks to be most scalable with respect to power consumption, especially when quality of service and network flexibility, reliability, and protection are considered. The power consumption of the standard bypass network can be lowered further through a hybrid design in which whole wavelengths of core, stable traffic between node pairs are routed via direct, fixed lightpaths using patch panelling and unexpected, bursty traffic is switched on a standard optical bypass network. We analyze power distribution among components and find the OXC switch most scalable at each node and O/E/O switches and routers wasteful. Finally, we prove that shortest path and minimum hop routing is power optimal and traffic balanced routing should be avoided. We approximate MAN topologies with regular graphs for tractable analysis. We augment a previous cost-based joint optimization formulation [13] with power expenditure modelling and obtain closed form solutions for optimal node degree and normalized network costs. We find that the optimal node connectivity increases 20-25% due to the added operating expenditures. Normalized network cost and normalized network cost per unit traffic also rise by approximately 25%. Our results show that the Generalized Moore graph with node degree between 0.05N and 0.08N is both power and cost minimal for a purely optical network.<br>by Katherine Xiaoyan Lin.<br>M.Eng.
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Nguyen, Viet Hung. "Performance study on multi-service optical metropolitan area network : MAC protocols and quality of service." Evry, Institut national des télécommunications, 2006. https://pastel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00011140.

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Today's metropolitan area networks (MANs) are faced with a significant challenge; to maintain traditional circuit services (e. G. Voice) while, at the same time, enabling new, value-added packetbased services (i. E. Video and data) to be carried over the same packet-based network infrastructure. This challenge is the result of the unprecedented proliferation of packet-based services, which in turn has led to a rapid growth in demand in terms of bandwidth and sophisticated quality of service (QoS) requirements in metropolitan areas. MAN service providers must therefore renew their network infrastructures to adapt to these service requirements as well as deliver the bandwidth demanded. This dissertation has focused on performance analysis of the new generation of multiservice optical metropolitan networks. We have investigated, more specifically, the logical performance of medium access control (MAC) protocols and looked at the feasibility of transporting classical circuit-based TDM traffic over packet-based optical MANs using ring topology. In reality, optical packet switching ring (OPSR) networks, which combine the flexibility and scalability of packet switching technology with the well-known advantages of ring topology such as fast service restoration in cases of failure and high gain of statistical traffic multiplexing over the ring, appear to be the technology of choice for the next generation of MANs. To characterize the performance of an OPSR network employing the optical unslotted Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (OU-CSMA/CA) protocol, we have proposed a new analytical model based on priority queuing theory. Performance analysis of such systems has allowed us to identify the main drawbacks of the networks under study; unfairness among ring nodes due to positional priority and bandwidth fragmentation due to asynchronous transmissions. Both problems degrade the network performance, especially at most downstream ring nodes. We have proposed subsequently two access mechanisms that aim at improving the performance of the networks considered. The first one is the Modified Packet Bursting (MPB) mechanism, which improves network transmission efficiency, (hence, resource utilization) by concatenating client payloads having the same destination, and transmitting them with only one optical overhead. The second mechanism is the Dynamic Intelligent Medium Access Control (DI-MAC) protocol, which tries to solve the unfairness and bandwidth fragmentation problems stated earlier. DI-MAC uses a distributed algorithm to dynamically space out the transmission of local packets at an upstream node so as not to fragment the shared bandwidth inefficiently, hence releasing more usable bandwidth for downstream nodes. Performance analysis has shown that MPB and DI-MAC improve network performance remarkably, much higher than that obtained with OUCSMA/ CA, both in terms of resource utilization and performance parameters such as loss and delay. Additionally, these mechanisms render network performance more stable and almost insensitive to network configuration and traffic changes. Finally, to provide TDM-like quality for traditional TDM service in the OPSR network under study, we have introduced circuit emulation service (CES) technology into the network. CES is supported by a number of standards organizations such as IETF, MEF, ITU and the MPLS forum. We have proposed and analyzed a static segmentation method for large TDM frames in order for them to be transported by the underlying packet switching network. Moreover we have assessed the feasibility of providing CES over the OPSR considered employing MPB and DI-MAC, and the impact of such technology on the performance of other service classes<br>L'émergence récente de nouveaux services " paquets " (e. X. Télévision à la demande, sauvegarde des données d'entreprise. . . ) a entraîné une augmentation sans précédent des demandes de bande de passante et de qualité de service (QoS) dans les réseaux métropolitains. Les opérateurs devront remplacer leurs anciennes infrastructures des réseaux MAN (i. E. Réseaux à commutation de circuit comme SONET/SDH) par des réseaux à commutation de paquet, qui supporteront mieux les trafics sporadiques tels que vidéo et données. Cette thèse est dédiée aux études sur la nouvelle génération des réseaux métropolitains multiservices à commutation de paquet optique. Nos études se sont concentrées sur les performances logiques des protocoles d'accès (MAC) et la faisabilité de transporter les circuits TDM classiques sur un réseau en anneau à commutation de paquet optique (Optical Packet Switching Ring - OPSR). En réalité, les réseaux OPSR, qui combinent la flexibilité et la mise à l'échelle de la technologie de commutation de paquet avec les avantages de la topologie en anneau tels que la restitution rapide du service en cas de panne et un bon gain de multiplexage statistique du trafic, promettraient une bonne solution pour les réseaux MAN du future. Nous avons d'abord proposé un modèle analytique, basé sur la théorie des files d'attente avec priorité, pour évaluer la performance d'un réseau OPSR employant le protocole d'accès CSMA/CA optique asynchrone (OU-CSMA/CA). Les résultats de cette étude nous ont permis d'identifier deux défauts principaux d'un tel réseau : la non-équité entre les nœuds de l'anneau à cause de la priorité positionnelle et la fragmentation de la bande de passante à cause des transmissions asynchrones. Ces deux défauts dégradent la performance du réseau. Afin d'améliorer la performance du réseau étudié, nous avons proposé deux nouveaux mécanismes d'accès. Le premier est Modified Packet Bursting (MPB), qui augmente l'efficacité de transmission du réseau (donc, le taux d'utilisation des ressources) grâce à la suppression des en-têtes optiques inutiles. En effet, MPB concatène des paquets électroniques ayant la même destination et les envoyer avec un seul en-tête optique. Le deuxième mécanisme est Dynamic Intelligent Medium Access Control (DI-MAC), qui essaie de résoudre les problèmes identifiés cidessus dans le réseau considéré. DI-MAC utilise un algorithme distribué pour espacer dynamiquement la transmission des paquets d'un nœud en amont, afin de ne pas fragmenter la bande de passante. Par conséquent, il réserve plus de bande de passante utilisable pour les nœuds en aval. L'évaluation de performance de ces mécanismes nous a montré qu'ils améliorent considérablement la performance du réseau (beaucoup plus élevée que celles obtenues avec OUCSMA/ CA), en termes d'un taux élevé d'utilisation des ressources ainsi que de bons paramètres de performance (e. X. Délai, perte). En plus, ils rendent le réseau plus stable et quasiment insensible aux différentes configurations et au changement de trafic. Enfin, pour garantir une qualité de service équivalente à celle des réseaux TDM classiques, nous avons introduit la technologie d'émulation de circuit (CES), (qui est en cours d'être standardisée par IETF, MEF, ITU. . . ), dans le réseau OPSR en question. Nous avons étudié la faisabilité de transporter le trafic TDM dans l'OPSR, avec l'aide des mécanismes d'accès comme MPB et DI-MAC, ainsi que l'impact de CES sur la qualité de service d'autres classes de service dans le réseau. Ctions
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Books on the topic "Metropolitan area networks (MAN)"

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Institute, American National Standards. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: LAN/MAN management. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1992.

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IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on Computer Communications., IEEE Standards Board, and American National Standards Institute, eds. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) subnetwork of a metropolitan area network (MAN). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1991.

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Institute, American National Standards. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Interoperable LAN/MAN security (SILS). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1993.

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Institute, American National Standards. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplement to LAN/MAN management...Discovery and dynamic control of event forwarding. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1993.

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Institute, American National Standards. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Media access control (MAC) bridges. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1991.

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplement to media access control (MAC) bridges : IEEE standard 802.6 distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) subnetwork of a MAN. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1993.

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Dunne, Noel P. F. Simulation of distributed queue dual bus metropolitan area network (DQDB MAN). University of Manchester, Department of Computer Science, 1996.

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Committee, IEEE Computer Society LAN/MAN Standards. IEEE standard for Information technology: Telecommunications and information exchange between systems-- local and metropolitan area networks-- specific requirements : Wireless LAN medium access control (MAC) and physical layer (PHY) specifications : amendment 4 : further higher data rate extension in the 2.4 GHz band. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 2003.

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Institute Of Electrical and Electronics Engineers. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Supplements to distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) access method and physical layer specifications : physical layer convergence procedure (PLCP) for DS1-based systems (Clause 12) and isochronous service on a distributed queue dual bus (DQDB) subnetwork of a metropolitan area network (MAN). Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1994.

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IEEE Computer Society. Technical Committee on Computer Communications. IEEE standards for local and metropolitan area networks: Recommended practice for media access control (MAC) bridging of ethernet V2.0 in IEEE 802 local area networks. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 1995.

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Book chapters on the topic "Metropolitan area networks (MAN)"

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Stern, Thomas E. "A Linear Lightwave MAN Architecture." In High-Capacity Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76484-4_9.

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Budrikis, Z. L. "Wide Area Connectionless IEEE 802.6 MAN Services." In High-Capacity Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76484-4_2.

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Müller, Hans R., M. Mehdi Nassehi, Johnny W. Wong, Erwin Zurfluh, Werner Bux, and Pitro Zafiropulo. "New Access Schemes for Gbit/s LANs and MANs." In High-Capacity Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76484-4_3.

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Le Lann, G. "Reliable Broadcast and Agreement with Unreliable Asynchronous Highspeed LANs and MANs." In High-Capacity Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76484-4_21.

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Pujolle, Guy. "Cell Switching and Access Schemes for HS-LANs and HS-MANs." In High-Capacity Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76484-4_4.

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Legay, PH, and G. Roullet. "LION and MAX, the experiences of two ESPRIT Projects on High-Speed MANs." In High-Capacity Local and Metropolitan Area Networks. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76484-4_7.

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Nieporent, Richard J. "Metropolitan Area Networks." In Handbook of Computer Networks. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118256114.ch7.

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Mollenauer, James F. "Metropolitan Area Networks." In High Performance Networks. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-3194-4_7.

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Sadiku, Matthew N. O., and Sarhan M. Musa. "Metropolitan Area Networks." In Performance Analysis of Computer Networks. Springer International Publishing, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-01646-7_7.

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Acampora, Anthony S. "Metropolitan Area Networks." In An Introduction to Broadband Networks. Springer US, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4757-9165-5_4.

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Conference papers on the topic "Metropolitan area networks (MAN)"

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Matias, Rivalino, Ana M. M. Carvalho, Valiana A. Teodoro, Daniel Tes, and Lucio B. Araujo. "Performance comparison of forecasting models applied to LAN/MAN traffic prediction." In Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). IEEE, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2011.6076943.

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Sharma, Ankit, Vikas Gelara, Shashi Raj Singh, Thanasis Korakis, Pei Liu, and Shivendra Panwar. "Implementation of a cooperative MAC protocol using a software defined radio platform." In Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2008.4675851.

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Varvitsiotis, A. P., V. A. Siris, Primpas, G. I. Fotiadis, A. C. Liakopoulos, and C. J. Bouras. "Techniques for DiffServ-based QoS in hierarchically federated MAN networks - the GRNET case." In 2005 14th IEEE Workshop on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). IEEE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2005.1541519.

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Stoian, Paul, and Israel Cidon. "Aggregate Flow Fairness in MANs." In 2007 15th IEEE Workshop on Local & Metropolitan Area Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2007.4295979.

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Sahoo, Anirudha, and Prashant Baronia. "An Energy Efficient MAC in Wireless Sensor Networks to Provide Delay Guarantee." In 2007 15th IEEE Workshop on Local & Metropolitan Area Networks. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2007.4295970.

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Aman, Muhammad Naveed, and Biplab Sikdar. "A wireless MAC protocol with efficient packet recovery." In 2014 IEEE 20th International Workshop on Local & Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). IEEE, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2014.7028623.

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Karamichailidis, Panagiotis, Kostas Choumas, and Thanasis Korakis. "Enabling Multi-Domain Orchestration using Open Source MANO, OpenStack and OpenDaylight." In 2019 IEEE International Symposium on Local and Metropolitan Area Networks (LANMAN). IEEE, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/lanman.2019.8847036.

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Sheu, Shiann Tsong, Ming Huei Tsai, Tsung-Yu Tsai, and Yi-Hsueh Tsai. "Condensed Downlink MAP Structures for IEEE 802.16e Wireless Metropolitan Area Networks (MANs)." In 2010 IEEE 71st Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vetecs.2010.5494061.

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Acquaviva, Jonathan, Earl Foster, Charles Ferdon, and K. Max Zhang. "Energy and Environmental Assessment of Plug-In Hybrid Vehicles in the New York Metropolitan Area Using MATPOWER Power System Simulation Package." In ASME 2009 3rd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer and InterPACK09 Conferences. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2009-90195.

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The effects of plug-in hybrid vehicles in New York City could be substantial to the city’s efforts to achieve future climate change goals and environmental initiatives. This study focuses on these effects as they correlate to the energy supply system, transportation network, and air quality control. To accomplish this analysis a variety of techniques were used to model the transportation and electric networks around New York City. The transportation system is modeled through close manipulation of U.S Census Data collected in 2000 and 2003 in which citizens were asked questions pertaining to their daily journeys to work. The power grid for the Northeast Power Coordinating Council (NPCC) is modeled using a MATLAB program entitled MATPOWER developed by professors and students at Cornell University. By incorporating real-time load datum, this program has the capability of rendering accurate depictions of changes in power plant loads, emissions, and costs. In addition, the program will distinguish the type of energy used on the margin and locate the geographic region of that energy source. With this capability, the focus of this study surrounded three main objectives: to estimate market growth of PHEVs in the New York metropolitan area, investigate how fuel used to generate power changes with increase in demand, and to analyze the effects on emissions from cars and power plants. Initial analysis indicates that the introduction of plug-in hybrid electric vehicles into the New York City commuter fleet will have a net positive effect on reducing both total emissions and localized emissions around the city’s transportation infrastructure. At an ambitious rate of 20% PHEV penetration, New York could save nearly 625,000 gallons of gasoline per day. This is equivalent to 33,000 barrels of oil. At the current gasoline prices in New York State of $2.087 per gallon, this is a daily savings of $1.3 million dollars per day. In addition, at this penetration the PHEV’s would displace over 29,000 metric tonnes of net carbon dioxide per day.
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Kazovsky, L. G., K. Shrikhande, I. M. White, M. Rogge, and D. Wonglumsom. "Optical Metropolitan Area Networks." In Optical Fiber Communication Conference. OSA, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/ofc.2001.wu1.

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Reports on the topic "Metropolitan area networks (MAN)"

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Kazovsky, Leonid G., Ian White, Matt Rogge, Kapil Shrikhande, and Erie Hu. Internet Protocol-Hybrid Opto-Electronic Ring Network (IP-HORNET): A Novel Internet Protocol-Over-Wavelength Division Multiplexing (IP-Over-WDM) Multiple-Access Metropolitan Area Network (MAN). Defense Technical Information Center, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada415560.

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Arhin, Stephen, Babin Manandhar, Hamdiat Baba Adam, and Adam Gatiba. Predicting Bus Travel Times in Washington, DC Using Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs). Mineta Transportation Institute, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2021.1943.

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Washington, DC is ranked second among cities in terms of highest public transit commuters in the United States, with approximately 9% of the working population using the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) Metrobuses to commute. Deducing accurate travel times of these metrobuses is an important task for transit authorities to provide reliable service to its patrons. This study, using Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), developed prediction models for transit buses to assist decision-makers to improve service quality and patronage. For this study, we used six months of Automatic Vehicle Location (AVL) and Automatic Passenger Counting (APC) data for six Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA) bus routes operating in Washington, DC. We developed regression models and Artificial Neural Network (ANN) models for predicting travel times of buses for different peak periods (AM, Mid-Day and PM). Our analysis included variables such as number of served bus stops, length of route between bus stops, average number of passengers in the bus, average dwell time of buses, and number of intersections between bus stops. We obtained ANN models for travel times by using approximation technique incorporating two separate algorithms: Quasi-Newton and Levenberg-Marquardt. The training strategy for neural network models involved feed forward and errorback processes that minimized the generated errors. We also evaluated the models with a Comparison of the Normalized Squared Errors (NSE). From the results, we observed that the travel times of buses and the dwell times at bus stops generally increased over time of the day. We gathered travel time equations for buses for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peaks. The lowest NSE for the AM, Mid-Day and PM Peak periods corresponded to training processes using Quasi-Newton algorithm, which had 3, 2 and 5 perceptron layers, respectively. These prediction models could be adapted by transit agencies to provide the patrons with accurate travel time information at bus stops or online.
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