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Journal articles on the topic 'Metropolitan areas India'
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Palit, Nitish Pratap. "Air Quality in Metropolitan Areas in India." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 5, no. 9 (September 15, 2020): 68–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.31305/rrijm.2020.v05.i09.014.
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Singh, Chetna. "Metropolitan and Peri-Urban Governance in India: Case Study of Chennai Metropolitan Area." Indian Journal of Public Administration 66, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 60–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0019556120906586.
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The rapid growth and economic importance of metropolitan cities is a known fact world over. These cities have increased in number over a period of time and have immense economic importance for their countries. They account for more than half of the world’s wealth. Moreover, some of the larger metropolitan cities in South Asia account for one-third and even more of the national GDP. The fast pace of growth of metropolitan cities and their peri-urban areas and the resulting spatial transformation is one of the most striking features of India’s urban scenario. In this context, planning and basic service provisions are the two components that warrant special attention in metropolitan regions for organised spatial, economic and social development. The present paper emphasises on the need for better service provision in peri-urban areas. It recommends a strategy to govern metropolitan regions so that the peri-urban areas can also get equitable treatment in the development process.
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Sisodia, Pushpendra Singh, Vivekananda Tiwari, and Anil Kumar Dahiya. "Urban Sprawl Monitoring using Remote Sensing and GIS Techniques of the City Jaipur, India." International Journal of Applied Geospatial Research 7, no. 3 (July 2016): 93–104. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijagr.2016070104.
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The rapid increase in population of India forced people to migrate from rural areas and small towns to metropolitan cities for better employment, education, and, good lifestyle. Major cities of India were industrialized and required more work force in metropolitan cities, leading to uncoordinated and unplanned growth, often termed as urban sprawl. Urban sprawl destroyed the natural resources such as open green space, agricultural land, open water bodies and ground water. In this paper, an attempt has been made to monitor urban sprawl using Shannon's Entropy model, Remote Sensing, and GIS for city Jaipur, India. The changed entropy value during the years 1972–2013 proves more dispersed growth in the city. The built-up area of Jaipur has increased from 40 km2 in 1972 to 400 km2 in 2013. Land use percentage of urban settlement is doubled as compared to the urban population of Jaipur during 1972–2013. This study shows remarkable urban sprawl in fringe areas of Jaipur city in the last 41 years.
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Seshiah, V., N. Bhavatharini, Sanjeev V. K., Changanidi A. R. A., and R. Aruyerchelvan. "Problems and solutions for the diagnosis of gestational diabetes mellitus in non metropolitan areas in India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 4 (March 26, 2020): 1607. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20201482.
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Management of gestational diabetes mellitus and hyperglycemia in pregnancy is challenging in developing country like India. There are several logistic, socioeconomic and cultural issues faced by the care providers and the patients alike. In order to tackle these challenges, Diabetes in Pregnancy Study Group of India (DIPSI) recommendations consisting of a single glucose challenge test is ideal to evaluate the glucose intolerance and early initiation of doctors’ prescription. This review article explores the practical challenges associated with managing gestational diabetes mellitus and recommendations to overcome these challenges in the public health system.
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Dr. Sakreen Hasan. "Quality of Life in Metropolitan cities of Uttar Pradesh." Journal of Advances in Social Science and Humanities 6, no. 11 (November 22, 2020): 1334–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.15520/jassh.v6i11.550.
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Urbanization is a population shift from rural to urban areas, "the gradual increase in the proportion of people living in urban areas", and the ways in which each society adapts to the change. Being a complex socio-economic process closely connected with scientific technological revolution, urbanization exercises a growing influence on all aspects of society, reflecting the nature of economic and regional development.
The numbers of metro cities in India are continuously increasing from 12 in the year 1981 to 23 in 1991, 35 in 2001 and 54 in 2011. This shows that urbanization is increasing but mostly in or nearby metro cities of the country. But the capacity of metro to assimilate increasing urban population is not as good as it should be.
The sheer magnitude of the urban population, haphazard and unplanned growth of urban areas, and a desperate lack of infrastructure are the main causes of such a situation. The rapid growth of urban population (decadal growth of total population in India is about 17.7 percentage points during 2001-2011 while urban population growth is about 31.8 percentage points)[1] both natural and through migration though there is decline of rural-urban migration[2], has put heavy pressure on public utilities like housing, sanitation, transport, water, electricity, health, education and so on. So the study of metro cities is needed.
This study is about the quality of life in seven metro cities (Kanpur, Lucknow, Ghaziabad, Agra, Meerut, Varanasi and Allahabad) of Uttar Pradesh. For the analysis some index are used in this paper like deprivation index, multi-dimension poverty index and quality of life index. This could give us insight of the sustainability of the metropolitan cities.
[1] Census of India, 2011
[2] Amitabh Kundu, ‘Urbanisation and urban governance – search for a prospective beyond neo-liberalism’, Economic and Political Weekly, Vol. XXXVIII, No. 29, July 19, 2003, pp. 3079-3087.
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Perez, Joan, Giovanni Fusco, and François Moriconi-Ebrard. "Identification and quantification of urban space in India: Defining urban macro-structures." Urban Studies 56, no. 10 (September 18, 2018): 1988–2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0042098018783870.
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Urban–rural differences seem particularly pronounced in India, especially when based on the official figures provided by the Census of India, which are heavily dependent on the administrative status of settlements. India, one of the world’s most dynamic and populous countries, still possesses an official urbanisation rate lagging well behind other developing economies. To investigate the extent of Indian urbanisation, this article develops a multi-step methodology using indicators specifically conceived for identifying urban structures in India. In this article, an emphasis is given to the conception and to the spatial analysis of two indicators: metropolitan ranking and meta-agglomerations. A method combining these indicators then allows identifying urban macro-structures acting as a larger organising framework in the regional space. Our results show a multitude of different functional areas that have developed specific urban morphologies over time. Some are particularly marked by high values of urban macrocephaly, small settlements taking the shape of nebulae, urban sprawl, etc.
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Salwathura, A. N. "EVOLUTIONARY DEVELOPMENT OF 'HINGLISH' LANGUAGE WITHIN THE INDIAN SUB-CONTINENT." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 8, no. 11 (November 24, 2020): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v8.i11.2020.2278.
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Hindi is the official language of India which is spoken by around 350 million of people in India. Hindi and English have an incestuous relationship ever since India became colonized. Since then, Hindi began to mix with English and became famous as ‘Hinglish’ in Indian society. ‘British-Raj’ is considered as the first Hinglish word which was used in the colonial period and now Hinglish has become a common phenomenon practice in India in day-to-day life. Due to the popularity of Hindi movies and television, Hinglish has been spread beyond the metropolitan areas in India. Therefore, it is expected to examine the impact of using Hinglish by Hindi speaking people in India on the existence of standard Hindi language. The language spoken in North India and the language used in media were utilized as primary resource. Books, magazines, journal articles related to Hindi language were used as secondary resources. This paper highlights that Hinglish has been acquired a big demand in Indian society and now it is hard to eliminate this trend which has largely affected the day-to-day communication of Indians. This paper emphasizes that the extensive use of Hinglish by the Hindi speaking people in India has become a huge challenge for the existence and the values of standard the Hindi language.
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McKenzie, David, and Isha Ray. "Urban water supply in India: status, reform options and possible lessons." Water Policy 11, no. 4 (August 1, 2009): 442–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wp.2009.056.
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Large numbers of households in cities around the developing world do not have access to one of the most basic of human needs–a safe and reliable supply of drinking water. This paper uses the experience of India as a lens through which to view the problems of access to water in urban areas and the various options available for reform. Using two sets of data from the National Family Health Survey, as well as published and unpublished secondary sources, the paper presents the status of access to drinking water in urban India, the performance of India's urban water sector compared to other Asian metropolitan regions and the reform efforts that are under way in several Indian cities. A review of these ongoing reforms illustrates some of the political economy challenges involved in reforming the water sector. Based on this analysis, we draw out directions for more effective research, data collection and policy reform. While each country faces unique challenges and opportunities, the scope and range of the Indian experience provides insights and caveats for many low-income nations.
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Nehru, Prabakaran, G. Gnanasekaran, N. Muthu Karthick, and D. Narasimhan. "Angiosperms of Nanmangalam Reserve Forest, an urban forest in Metropolitan Chennai, India." Check List 8, no. 1 (February 1, 2012): 057. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/8.1.057.
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Humans have altered the forests of urban regions drastically, thereby reducing the original forests to isolated fragments. Such fragments may contain remnants of the original vegetation. Nanmangalam Reserve Forest (NRF), located in the Metropolitan Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India, is an example of such a forest fragment, covering an area of 321 ha. A total of 449 angiosperm species belonging to 313 genera representing 83 families were recorded from NRF. Amongst the species, 79% were dicots and 21% were monocots. The most genera/species rich families were Fabaceae (37/69) and Poaceae (34/52). The species rich genera included Cassia (10), Crotalaria (7), Erogrostis, Hedyotis and Phyllanthus (6 each). Six endemic species were recorded. This diversity amidst a rapidly expanding city has to be protected in order to enable the conservation agenda of urban areas.
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Dubey, R., S. Bharadwaj, M. I. Zafar, and S. Biswas. "COLLABORATIVE AIR QUALITY MAPPING OF DIFFERENT METROPOLITAN CITIES OF INDIA." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIII-B4-2021 (June 30, 2021): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliii-b4-2021-87-2021.
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Abstract. Environmental pollution has become extremely serious as a result of today's technological advancements all over the world. One of the most important environmental and public health risks is air pollution. The exponential growth of population, vehicular density on highways, urbanization, and other factors are rising air pollution in cities, necessitating techniques for monitoring and forecasting air quality or determining its health consequences. Various experiments are being conducted on city air quality and its distribution through the built climate. The amount of emissions in the air varies according to the time of day as depicted it is merely high in morning time between 9 to 10 am and between 5 to 6 pm in all cities. These collected data are also characterized as peak hour, average hour, and off-peak hour. It also varies geographically and during special occasions. Since computing and showcasing of air pollution levels require terrain data, air quality data from the open sources i.e. CPCB (central pollution control board, India), and air pollution prediction models. Acculumating the data of the air pollution parameter from the open sources of cities based on typically very crowded, averagely crowded, and thinly crowded areas across the city and then mapping it on ArcGIS. The data monitoring has been done for the whole year merely main emphasizes has been done on the three seasons autumn, winter, and summer (January, May, and August). Also, in winter the value of having pollutants is high due to winter inversion and in the morning also the value is higher, and in monsoon, due to precipitation, it decreases. The dispersion model help in considering the wind speed and direction, the computed data from each source location reaching out to the monitoring sensing station from the comparatively adding to the value of pollutant. With the help of questionnaires, computed out to the result that people residing or having the workplace near to the busy crossing are more promising to have the health-related issue like chocking, respiratory diseases. Men are merely more affected by this between the age of 37 to 63 years.
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Kundu, Amitabh. "Mobility in India: Recent Trends and Issues Concerning Database." Social Change 48, no. 4 (December 2018): 634–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0049085718800892.
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Dismissing the postulate that the geographical, linguistic and other social divisions are constraining the movement of Indians across states, researchers have presented evidences—pattern of rail passenger traffic, changes in population distribution across different age cohorts and so on to show that the movement of people across states is much larger than what has been generally determined, using the data from the census and National Sample Survey. The basic objective of the paper is to examine if the process of migration and urbanisation in India is indeed unconstrained so that the people in backward regions and rural areas, who get dispossessed of their livelihood options or social linkages, can freely move into the developed regions or urban areas, It analyses these processes and recent trends while probing into methodological and data related issues in migration studies in India. The migration trends for socio-economically vulnerable sections of population are presented in the context of their access to urban and metropolitan space.
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Thangamayan, S. "Enhancing Women’s Empowerment: Evidence from Tamilnadu." Shanlax International Journal of Economics 9, no. 1 (December 1, 2020): 36–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.34293/economics.v9i1.3514.
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Rural women play a critical role in the rural economies of both developed and developing countries. This alludes to country women’s impression of their situation in the family just as in-network. From the Gender and Development viewpoint, the reason for women’s absence of admittance to land is situated in auxiliary imbalances concerning work jobs and frameworks of possession. Gender orientation and Development scholars accept that women ought not to be essentially outfitted with occupations yet ought to be legitimately engaged to possess and control their property. Incountry territories, women are included more in family unit exercises contrasting with metropolitan regions; thus, they are not in any event, getting chances for essential examinations including social exercises and spending for things they wan unreservedly. While the women living in metropolitan urban communities just as more modest urban areas can distinguish themselves with any women connected program or join a development associated with women and can want to partake in that for their advantage, the metropolitan rustic separation and disengage in India keeps similar advantages from arriving at the women people living in our towns. Another significant disadvantage and distinction between both the classifications of women are that the dominant part of women in provincial India as of now, in the age section of 35-65 years, have been avoided any type of formal education. Women in metropolitan territories have more equivalent sex inclinations and more prominent impact in every day homegrown and life course choices than women in rustic regions. Women living in metropolitan territories additionally are bound to report at the same time young lady or equivalent inclination and a more noteworthy state in choices about children.
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Singh, Neetu, Binaya Bhusan Jena, and Rahul Chandra. "Brand experience dimensions influencing age-wise lingerie purchase motivation: A study of Indian women consumers." Fashion, Style & Popular Culture 00, no. 00 (March 29, 2021): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1386/fspc_00073_1.
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This article aims to evaluate age-related brand experience influencing the lingerie buying behaviours of Indian women consumers by using the brand experience scale developed by the authors. It categorizes brand experience using four dimensions: ‘sensory, affective, intellectual and behavioural’. In order to categorize and analyse the brand experience of Indian lingerie-buying consumers, a questionnaire based on the twelve-item brand experience scale developed by Brakus, Schmitt and Zarantonello was administered to a sample of 1392 women consumers aged between 18 and 44 years, educated to a minimum of Grade 12 level and residing in metropolitan and non-metropolitan areas of India. The results were then tabulated to ascertain the most influential dimensions. The results showed that Indian lingerie-buying consumers can be divided into two groups aged 18–29 and 30–44 years, based on their lingerie-buying brand experiences. The two groups also showed that different experience dimensions influenced their lingerie-buying motivation and brand loyalty. Since the existing literature on lingerie studies focuses predominantly on fit and design issues, this study is of paramount importance to consumers, who will be able to identify dimensions other than functional factors influencing their purchase behaviour. Manufacturers, retailers and marketers will also benefit from the same by being able to create an optimum brand experience for women consumers via their products and offerings, leading to brand satisfaction and brand loyalty.
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Baud, Isa, Monika Kuffer, Karin Pfeffer, Richard Sliuzas, and Sadasivam Karuppannan. "Understanding heterogeneity in metropolitan India: The added value of remote sensing data for analyzing sub-standard residential areas." International Journal of Applied Earth Observation and Geoinformation 12, no. 5 (October 2010): 359–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jag.2010.04.008.
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Rawat, Roohi, and A. R. Siddiqui. "Assessment of Physiochemical Characteristics of Drinking Water Quality in Allahabad Metropolitan City, India." Oriental Anthropologist: A Bi-annual International Journal of the Science of Man 19, no. 1 (May 15, 2019): 121–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0972558x19835368.
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Clean and safe drinking water is important for the overall health and wellbeing; therefore, access to safe potable drinking water is one of the basic amenities of humankind, especially in urban areas with high consumption pattern of the large population inhabiting these spaces. Among the various sources of water, groundwater is considered to be the safest source of drinking water. However, due to rapid industrialization and population growth, the groundwater resources are getting polluted with harmful contaminants. These contaminants can be chemical or microbiological and cause various health problems. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), about 80 percent of all diseases in the world are directly or indirectly related to the contamination of water. Water in its natural state is colorless, odorless, and free from pathogens with pH in the range of 6.5–8.5. This water is termed as “potable water.” In the present study, the researchers have made an attempt to assess the physiochemical characteristics of drinking water quality in Allahabad and the effect of these contaminants on the health of the consumers. A comparison of the parameter standards as per the Bureau of Indian Standards (BIS) (ISI, Indian standard specification for drinking water (IS10500). New Delhi: ISI, 1983 ) and the WHO (Guidelines for drinking water quality (Vol. 1). Geneva: WHO, 1984 ) have also been made to understand the national and global benchmarks. With the help of the standards of various parameters given by these organizations, the assessment of water quality of samples from various locations in Allahabad has been done.
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Krishnaveni, K. S., and P. P. Anilkumar. "MANAGING URBAN SPRAWL USING REMOTE SENSING AND GIS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W11 (February 14, 2020): 59–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w11-59-2020.
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Abstract. Indian cities, like several other developing cities around the world, are urbanizing at an alarming rate. This unprecedented and uncontrolled urbanization may result in urban sprawl, which is characterized by low-density impervious surfaces, often clumsy, extends along the fringes of metropolitan areas with unbelievable pace, disperse, auto-dependent with environmentally and socially impacting characteristics. The ill-effects of urban sprawl in developing countries scenario is a bit complicated compared to that of developed countries because of uncontrolled population growth and haphazard urbanization. This paper attempts to investigate the capabilities of remote sensing and GIS techniques in understanding the urban sprawl phenomenon in a better way compared to time- consuming conventional methods. An overview of the enormous potential of remote sensing and GIS techniques in mapping and monitoring the Spatio-temporal patterns urban sprawl is dealt with here. The spatial pattern and dynamics of the urban sprawl of Kozhikode Metropolitan Area (KMA, Kerala, India) during the period from 1991 to 2018 using the integrated approach of remote sensing and GIS are attempted here. Index derived Built-up Index (IDBI) which is a thematic index-based index (combination of Normalized Difference Built-up Index (NDBI), Modified Normalized Difference Water Index (MNDWI) and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI)) is used for the rapid and automated extraction of built-up features from the time series satellite imageries. The extracted built-up areas of each year are then used for Shannon’s entropy calculations, which is a method for the quantification of urban sprawl. The results of IDBI and Shannon’s entropy analysis highlight the fact that there occurs an alarming increase in the built-up areal extent from 1991 to 2018. The urban planning authorities can make use of these techniques of built-up area extraction and urban sprawl analysis for effective city planning and sprawl control.
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Srivastava, Shobhit, Tarique Anwar, Ratna Patel, and Shekhar Chauhan. "Dynamics of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India: evidence from India Human Development Survey I and II." International Journal of Scientific Reports 6, no. 8 (July 21, 2020): 322. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-2156.intjscirep20203116.
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<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> The growth of metropolitan cities had significantly contributed to the process of urbanization in India. About two-fifth of the urban population, out of total India’s urban population, live in 35 metropolitan cities. It is important to look into the disease dynamics in the population of metro and non-metro regions of India. The study aims to find the differences in the distribution of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India and depicts the contributions of background factors causing a change in the prevalence of chronic diseases in metro and non-metro regions of India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> Data from India Human Development Survey (IHDS) I and II conducted in 2004 and 2012 respectively have been used. Bivariate analysis has been performed to find the association between independent variables and chronic diseases, and logistic regression has been used to find the effect of predictor variables on chronic diseases by metro and non-metro regions. Fairlie decomposition technique has been used to find the contribution of each predictor variable accounting for differences in chronic diseases between metro and non-metro regions. </p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> Age, sex, socio-economic status (education and wealth), alcohol consumption, tobacco consumption, and body mass index status are significantly associated with chronic conditions in metro regions of India. Age, wealth, and developed regions contributed most to the differences in chronic diseases between metro and non-metro areas.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Metro regions in India suffers from a massive burden of chronic conditions. Metro regions should be given a special focus to tackle the menace of chronic diseases.</p><p class="abstract"> </p>
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Rode, Sanjay Jayawant. "An Impact of Rapid Urbanization on Wetlands Destruction in Mumbai Metropolitan Region." International Journal of Sustainable Economies Management 9, no. 4 (October 2020): 1–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijsem.2020100101.
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Wetlands are playing an important role in sustaining human health and wellbeing. They support food production, water treatment and water supply, flood control, fishing, recreation, and wildlife habitat. But wetland areas are shrinking very fast all over the world due to the rapid growth of urbanisation. In devepoing countries, the destruction of the wetlands is widely observed. In India, the wetlands area, size, and number are declinging very fast due to population growth and urbanisation. Mumbai Metropolitan Region is not an exception to this phenomenon. The wetland area is significantly declining in all suburbs of region over the period of time. State government should come out with future plans, legislation, and co-ordination among various bodies and NGOs to protect wetlands in region. The protection and scientific conservation of wetlands will improve wetlands-related services and health of the people in the region.
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Sakthivadivel, Murugesan, Arunachalam Nirmala, Jeyabharathi Sakthivadivel, Rajaratnam Rajiv Mukhilan, and Samuel Tennyson. "PHYSICOCHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF WATER AT INDUSTRIAL SITES OF METROPOLITAN CITY OF CHENNAI, TAMIL NADU, INDIA." Water Conservation and Management 4, no. 2 (July 8, 2020): 90–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.26480/wcm.02.2020.90.98.
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Water is essential to sustain life, and an adequate, safe and accessible supply must be available to all as improving access to safe drinking water can result in tangible benefits to health. In the present study, eighteen water samples from six different study area, viz., Red Hills, T. Nagar, Saidapet, Ashok Nagar, Alandur and Guindy of metropolitan Chennai were tested for their physicochemical and biological parameters, of which Red Hills served as control area. Results with regard to the physical parameters, showed no variation in the colour of water samples which was clear except for control as it appeared light brown. The odour of samples collected from all six study areas was observed to be constant and agreeable. The water temperature, turbidity, electrical conductivity and total dissolved solids for all six study areas ranged from 28.7 to 29.7°C, 3.7 to 11.7NTU, 723.3 to 1099.7μS/cm, and 396.7 to 805.0mg/L. The values of chemical parameters represented by pH, total hardness, total alkalinity, sulphates and flourides ranged from 7.7 to 8.0, 128.0 to 503.3mg/L, 13.3 to 50.0mg/L, 106.6 to 224.0mg/L, and 0.6 and 1.5mg/L. All the samples were found to be free from coliforms except for the control in the case of biological parameters. Overall results indicate that the physical and chemical parameters were found to be within the permissible limits set by standards and biological contamination was absent in the samples except in control which is a natural reservoir.
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Konwar, Ziko, Nikolaos Papageorgiadis, Mohammad Faisal Ahammad, Yumiao Tian, Frank McDonald, and Chengang Wang. "Dynamic marketing capabilities, foreign ownership modes, sub-national locations and the performance of foreign affiliates in developing economies." International Marketing Review 34, no. 5 (September 11, 2017): 674–704. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2016-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to examine the role of dynamic marketing capabilities (DMC), foreign ownership modes and sub-national locations on the performance of foreign-owned affiliates (FOAs) in developing economies. Design/methodology/approach Based on a sample of 254 FOAs in the Indian manufacturing sector (covering the period of 2000-2008 leading to 623 firm-year observations), the empirical paper adopts the panel data regression approach. Findings The study confirms the significant importance of DMC to assist FOAs to gain better sales performance in an emerging market such as India. The findings indicate that wholly owned foreign affiliates (WOFAs) have better sales performance than international joint ventures (IJVs), and majority-owned international joint ventures (MAIJVs) perform better than minority-owned international joint ventures in the Indian manufacturing sector. The results confirm that effective deployment of DMC leads to better sales performance in WOFAs and to some extent in MAIJVs. Perhaps the most interesting finding is that developing DMC in non-metropolitan areas is associated with higher sales growth than in metropolitan locations. Originality/value The study contributes to the literature by examining the impact of DMC on performance of FOA by considering the organised manufacturing sector in a large and fast growing developing economy. In addition, the results for the moderating effects provide novel evidence of the conditions under which DMC of FOA interact with different ownership modes and influence firm performance.
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Samal, Manohar. "The Role of Legal and Social Policies in Attaining Sustainable Urban Development in India." European Journal of Sustainable Development 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 140. http://dx.doi.org/10.14207/ejsd.2019.v8n4p140.
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This paper intends to explicate the present framework of legal and social policies in India, which govern urban development. The research is directed towards contemplating the progress of sustainable urbanism in India in achieving the goals of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development. Overcrowding, rise in the number of informal settlers and unplanned development are the most prominent multi- faceted issues that India faces in the present day. A comprehensive analysis of urban development policies, environmental legislation, property laws and information laws have been discussed in order to exhibit the lacunae in the legal system which has slowed down the process of sustainable urban development in India. It is not only the policies, but also an array of problems that, have affected urban development in metropolitan cities, semi- urban regions and transitioning rural areas rendering them to be unsustainable. Therefore, this paper envisages and suggests solutions in tackling problems in legal and social policies that would make sustainable urbanism conducive and successful in India. An attempt has also been made to display how completely sustainable urban spaces would look in India. Analytical, Comparative and Doctrinal methods of research have been utilized to conduct the research.Keywords: Development, Local Self Government, Policies, Sustainable, India
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Gowda, Krishne, and M. V. Sridhara. "Conservation of tanks/lakes in the Bangalore metropolitan area." Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal 18, no. 2 (March 6, 2007): 137–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/14777830710725812.
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to build up perspectives for the conservation and restoration of the various spoilt water bodies within the Bangalore metropolitan area.Design/methodology/approachThis paper describes how Bangalore city is typical of the features of peninsular India in that it is made up of ridges, valleys and undulating terrain. Monsoon rainfall is substantial and the tanks and lakes can receive and contain substantial amounts of water from rains. Only thing is to de‐clog the natural water flow routes and to restore the bunds of tanks and repair the spillways and put in place legal and administrative measures to preserve the interiors of tanks; free them from construction activities and launch suitable afforestation programs to contain soil erosion, improve the quality of subsoil water and raise if possible medicinal and ornamental trees so that Bangalore gains in its aesthetic appeal.FindingsThe study reveals that the existence of water bodies is an important asset to the environment of Bangalore. It has a beneficial impact on the microclimate of the city and serves as outdoor recreational areas, which are very much needed as a source of change and relief for the city dwellers. It is good for developing open spaces with greenery along the valleys. There is much scope for water‐front developments to enhance urban aesthetics in the surrounding areas. It is possible to improve the ground water table, so that there will be scope for tapping ground water through bore wells all through the year, particularly during summers.Practical implicationsThis work will draw the attention of government authorities as well as local residents, NGOs and experts to keep the tanks/lakes conserved in and around the BMA and to prevent silting of tanks by offshore development and large‐scale tree planting and also removal of encroachments within the study area.Originality/valueThis study will stimulate interest in recreation, conservation, open space beautification, pollution abatement and a myriad other ways to improve the quality of urban environment.
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Patidar, Hemant, and Satheesh Chothodi. "Revisiting Urbanisation Pattern amid COVID-19 Pandemic in India." Space and Culture, India 8, no. 2 (September 28, 2020): 4–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.20896/saci.v8i2.1008.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, from its beginning in India on 30 January 2020, has caused over 3.7 million cases of illness and claimed over 66 thousand deaths as of 1 September2020. The large metropolitan cities have been the major hotspots of COVID-19 pandemic. The peculiar urbanisation patterns are crucial in spreading COVID-19 in India. This study attempts to highlight how urbanisation patterns increase the vulnerability of COVID-19 spread in India. The higher density, urban sprawl and associated intra-urban commuting, large slum population, inadequate water, sanitation and housing conditions along with homelessness are found to catalyse the vulnerability of COVID-19 spread in urban areas. The existing public health infrastructure in the country is found to be inadequate with respect to the increasing demand. Efforts to contain the spread are being made; nonetheless, the rapid increase in the cases of illness and deaths from COVID-19 has inflated the challenges for administration and citizens. Rapid enhancement in health infrastructure and health personnel must be made along with strict adherence to the measures of quarantine, social distancing and hygiene for the citizens are of utmost response to the decrease the spread.
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Rose, Richard, Jayanthi Narayan, Shankar Matam, and Prathima Reddy Sambram. "A Comparison of Provision and Access to Inclusive Education for Children with Disabilities in a Metropolitan City and a Rural District in Telangana State, India." Education Sciences 11, no. 3 (March 9, 2021): 111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030111.
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In response to international agreements, recent Indian legislation has raised expectations that all children, regardless of need or ability, should gain access to formal education that is inclusive and addresses their social and learning needs. Initiatives designed to support the implementation of this legislation have been undertaken in several parts of India. Reports related to such initiatives have largely focused upon developments in large urban connotations, with studies in rural areas being less in evidence. This paper reports a small-scale study conducted in Telangana a state in the south-central part of India. Through the application of semi-structured interviews data were obtained to enable a comparison to be made of the experiences of two purposive samples of families of children with disabilities and special educational needs, and the professionals who support them. The first sample was located in Hyderabad, a large metropolitan city, the capital of Telangana State. The second was situated in villages in Sangareddy, a single rural district of the same state. Interviews were conducted either in English or in Telugu, the state language with all interviews transcribed and subjected to thematic analysis. The findings, which will be used to support further development in the area, reveal a willingness on the part of professionals to support the education and social welfare needs of children with special educational needs and their families and an awareness of current national legislation aimed at achieving this objective. A disparity exists between the availability of professional support services available to families and children, with those living in the rural district experiencing greater difficulty in accessing appropriate support than their counterparts in the metropolitan city. The lack of opportunities for training and professional development is perceived to be a major obstacle to the progress of inclusive education as required by national legislation in both locations. Recommendations are made for further research that is closely allied to changes in practice, for the development of professional development of teachers and other professionals, and for the development of centralised provision in rural areas to address the needs of families.
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Thapa, Kamakshi, Vibhas Sukhwani, Sameer Deshkar, Rajib Shaw, and Bijon Kumer Mitra. "Strengthening Urban-Rural Resource Flow through Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) Approach in Nagpur, India." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208663.
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Urban and rural areas within a regional space are closely linked through a variety of linkages including the flow of people. The increasing pace of development transformations with discrete planning of urban and rural areas has raised serious concerns for achieving coordinated development at the regional level. In that regard, the concept of Regional Circular and Ecological Sphere (R-CES) has recently been introduced by the Government of Japan to localize the flow of resources between urban and rural areas. To understand the applicability of the R-CES approach, this study aims to visualize the flow of people within a defined cluster of Nagpur Metropolitan Area (NMA) in India. A “home interview method” Origin-Destination survey was adopted to analyze the flow patterns of people and their key purposes. Based on the collected information, flows of people were represented using a desire line diagram in ArcGIS 10.4.1. The study results revealed that the maximum flow of the rural and forest population is directed towards nearby or distant urban settlements to avail the higher-order urban services. Based on the key R-CES principles of a low-carbon society, circular economy, and harmony with nature, the authors suggest feasible directions for localizing the urban–rural flow of people in NMA.
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Mukherjee, A. K., B. Chattopadhyay, S. Bhattacharya, S. Roy, S. Sen, A. Roychowdhury, and H. Sayed. "Assessment of Occupational Exposure and Pulmonary Function of Cycle Rickshaw Pullers Engaged Around High Traffic Areas of Kolkata Metropolitan City in India." Epidemiology 17, Suppl (November 2006): S517. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00001648-200611001-01391.
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Munshi, Talat, Mark Brussel, Mark Zuidgeest, and Martin Van Maarseveen. "Development of Employment Sub-centres in the City of Ahmedabad, India." Environment and Urbanization ASIA 9, no. 1 (January 23, 2018): 37–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0975425317748521.
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This article describes how employment sub-centres can be identified applying geo-spatial modelling techniques in the context of metropolitan areas in India, and how the development of these employment centres can be linked to the levels of accessibility to labour, access to transport infrastructure as well as land use mix and land use diversity. For the city of Ahmedabad, employment sub-centres are identified for the year 2010, while the progression of employment in retail, commercial and industrial sectors in each of these centres is studied for the period from 1980 to 2010. Definite the signs of sprawl-type development and polarization reversal are observed, including the emergence of new employment sub-centres across the urban area, and the rapid growth of centres further away from the central business district. Retail and commercial sectors have grown exponentially, whereas industrial and manufacturing sector’s growth is stagnant. This development is mixed and heterogeneous, with the growth of the retail and the commercial sectors found to have a significant and positive relation with access to labour and transport infrastructure. These identified patterns of development provide important information to urban planners enabling them to make informed decision, for example, in locating future employment activities, identifying future transit-oriented development nodes, etc.
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Sukhwani, Vibhas, Kamakshi Thapa, Rajib Shaw, Sameer Deshkar, Bijon Kumer Mitra, and Wanglin Yan. "Addressing Urban–Rural Water Conflicts in Nagpur through Benefit Sharing." Water 12, no. 11 (October 23, 2020): 2979. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12112979.
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Urban and rural areas often meet their water demands from a shared stock of finite water resources. Against the changing climate, the rising water demands in fast-growing urban areas are leading to increasing water-use conflicts with the co-dependent rural areas. Although poor water governance is frequently cited as the key reason for such urban–rural conflicts, it is also recognized as a potential pathway to resolve them. In the case of Nagpur Region in Central India, water stress has today become a subject of serious concern. The water demands in Nagpur City are primarily met through the multipurpose Pench Dam on priority, but the recently declining water availability has raised undue concerns for irrigation in the Pench command areas. To substantiate the limited understanding of ongoing water conflicts in the wider Nagpur Metropolitan Area, this study analyzes a specific set of secondary data related to the history of the Pench Project and its water utilization trends. By uncovering the periodic decline in irrigated area and the increasing groundwater use for irrigation, the cross-sectoral and transboundary implications of increasing water transfer to Nagpur City are revealed. To address these concerns, this study then suggests feasible governance strategies based on benefit sharing and multi-stakeholder engagement.
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Dhamorikar, Aniruddha H. "Flies matter: a study of the diversity of Diptera families (Insecta: Diptera) of Mumbai Metropolitan Region, Maharashtra, India, and notes on their ecological roles." Journal of Threatened Taxa 9, no. 11 (November 26, 2017): 10865. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.2742.9.11.10865-10879.
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Diptera is one of the three largest insect orders, encompassing insects commonly known as ‘true flies’. They are one of the most important in terms of their interactions with humans. Family-level diversity of Diptera was studied in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region (MMR)—50 families were recorded in four protected areas—Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Tungareshwar Wildlife Sanctuary, Karnala Bird Sanctuary, and Matheran Eco-Sensitive Zone, of which 24 were also found in urban areas of Mumbai and Thane City. The MMR’s family-level dipteran diversity constitutes 78% of families documented in the Western Ghats and 57% of India’s known families of Diptera. The recorded Diptera families were segregated into two groups based on their habits - beneficial and pestiferous. Of the 50 families, 66% comprised members which were beneficial in terms of flower visitations (28%), decomposition (24%), and predators and parasitoids of pest insects (14%), whereas 34% comprised members that were pestiferous in nature in terms of posing a threat to human health and causing nuisance (11%), causing crop and food damage (12%), posing a threat to animal health (8%), and as parasitoids of beneficial insects (3%). In terms of their feeding preferences, the majority of the adults were flower visitors (26%), 24% were saprophagous, followed by members that were frugivorous, fungivorous, coprophagous, and predatory in nature. Among larval feeding habits, 31% were detritivorous, 18% phytophagous, and 13% predatory in nature. In terms of their habitat preferences, 24 families were found in dense undergrowth, 12 in mountainous forests, and 11 in fruit gardens. This study establishes that Diptera is more diverse in natural areas than urban areas, and emphasizes the need for further exploration in terms of taxonomic and ecological studies, and economic benefits vis-à-vis the losses they incur in the region.
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Kandpal, Richa, and Izuru Saizen. "Enabling Collaborative Action between Self-Help Groups and Rural Local Bodies through an Exploratory Workshop: The Case of a Peri-Urban Village in Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India." Sustainability 11, no. 6 (March 20, 2019): 1680. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11061680.
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Peri-urban areas in developing countries pose unique governance challenges because of their rapid development. Villages in these areas are under-served in terms of the provision of waste management services. This research focused on an exploratory workshop conducted in one peri-urban village in the Mumbai Metropolitan Region, India, to raise community awareness regarding the importance of contributing towards effective waste management in their village and the means by which they can do so. The findings of the workshop show its effectiveness in raising the awareness levels of self-help group members. In addition to these findings, causal loop diagrams were drawn to construct effective institutional mechanisms from the perspective of the capacities of the participants and the officials. This study examined the policy initiatives necessary for meeting the sanitation and waste management needs of peri-urban villages. Inferences regarding the institutionalization of linkages between self-help groups and local bodies were made based on the principles of sociocracy. Theoretical insight was provided regarding the different factors affecting this system, and how this model is flexible enough to accommodate the contextual needs of peri-urban villages.
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Nithila Devi, N., B. Sridharan, V. M. Bindhu, B. Narasimhan, S. Murty Bhallamudi, C. M. Bhatt, Tune Usha, D. Thirumalai Vasan, and Soumendra Nath Kuiry. "Investigation of Role of Retention Storage in Tanks (Small Water Bodies) on Future Urban Flooding: A Case Study of Chennai City, India." Water 12, no. 10 (October 16, 2020): 2875. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/w12102875.
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The Adyar River flowing through Chennai Metropolitan Area (CMA) in Southern India functions as a surplus course of upstream water bodies that are locally known as tanks. During northeast monsoons, the river frequently floods the adjoining city areas. In this study, the impact of dredging and disappearance of tanks on flooding in CMA is analyzed under historical, urbanization, and extreme rainfall scenarios utilizing an urbanization-hydrologic-hydraulic modelling framework. The simulated scenarios highlight the importance of the tanks as a flood control measure for CMA. The major conclusions are (a) dredging the tanks uniformly by 2 m can compensate the increase in flooding due to urbanization by 2050 for 1 in 50-year rainfalls and, (b) for disappearance of tanks, 1 in 50-year rainfall can inundate the city akin to 1 in 100-year rainfalls. The study can be useful for making informed decisions on dredging the tanks, land use planning, and flood control measures for the CMA.
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Dr. K.C. Tripathi and Dr. M.L. Sharma, Madeshi Chinmay. "Efficient Waste Management System for Underprivileged Communities." International Journal for Modern Trends in Science and Technology 6, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 310–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.46501/ijmtst061257.
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Nowadays due to increasing population the communities have also increased several times. Due to this the amount of waste generated has also increased. Proper management systems although available in metropolitan cities are generally missing from towns and villages. Therefore a proper management is required to tackle problems with waste dumping systems in those areas. Out of several available ways we in this project are dealing the above mentioned problem with the help of web based management system which would help in maintain schedule and lodging complaints regarding the waste collection from the houses that belong to these underprivileged communities. This system is developed using React Js and asynchronous scripting with javascript at backend to ensure efficient working of servers and interaction with database. With the help of this project the process of waste collection will monitored and managed very efficiently by the waste management units of the local government in India.
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Illahi, Ubaid. "Transport Sustainability Performance Evaluation using a Multi-stage Multi-tool Hybrid Model." European Transport/Trasporti Europei 81, ET.2021 (March 2021): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.48295/et.2021.81.6.
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This article proposes a multi-stage and multi-tool hybrid model (MMHM) for evaluating the performance of transportation systems. This model is based on pillars, classes, and indicators. The novelty of MMHM is that the indicators were weighted at three different levels using Principal Component Analysis, Fuzzy Logic, and method of equal weights. The output of the MMHM is an index called Sustainable Mobility Index (SMI). SMI gives the relative performance of transportation systems. MMHM was applied to four metropolitan cities of India. A total of 116 indicators were developed that were divided into ten classes, each corresponding to three sustainability pillars. The results demonstrated that MMHM is useful in ranking the study areas. It also demonstrated that it could be a valuable tool to recognize, track and evaluate the sustainability performance of transportation systems which would be beneficial to transportation evaluators, planners, decision-makers, and policymakers.
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Freudenberg, Maximilian, Nils Nölke, Alejandro Agostini, Kira Urban, Florentin Wörgötter, and Christoph Kleinn. "Large Scale Palm Tree Detection In High Resolution Satellite Images Using U-Net." Remote Sensing 11, no. 3 (February 4, 2019): 312. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11030312.
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Oil and coconut palm trees are important crops in many tropical countries, which are either planted as plantations or scattered in the landscape. Monitoring in terms of counting provides useful information for various stakeholders. Most of the existing monitoring methods are based on spectral profiles or simple neural networks and either fall short in terms of accuracy or speed. We use a neural network of the U-Net type in order to detect oil and coconut palms on very high resolution satellite images. The method is applied to two different study areas: (1) large monoculture oil palm plantations in Jambi, Indonesia, and (2) coconut palms in the Bengaluru Metropolitan Region in India. The results show that the proposed method reaches a performance comparable to state of the art approaches, while being about one order of magnitude faster. We reach a maximum throughput of 235 ha/s with a spatial image resolution of 40 cm. The proposed method proves to be reliable even under difficult conditions, such as shadows or urban areas, and can easily be transferred from one region to another. The method detected palms with accuracies between 89% and 92%.
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Galodha, A., and S. K. Gupta. "LAND SURFACE TEMPERATURE AS AN INDICATOR OF URBAN HEAT ISLAND EFFECT: A GOOGLE EARTH ENGINE BASED WEB-APP." International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-3-2021 (August 10, 2021): 57–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-3-2021-57-2021.
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Abstract. At least 2 billion urban occupants will be concentrated in Asia and Africa, amounting to 70% of the global population by 2050. This rapid urbanization has caused an innate effect on the ecology and environment, which further results in intense temperature variations in urban and rural areas, especially in India. According to a recent IPCC report, 8 out of the 15 hottest cities in the world are situated in India. The rising industrial work, construction activities, type of material used for construction, and other factors have reduced thermal cooling and created temperature imbalance, thereby creating a vicious effect called “urban heat island” (UHI) or “surface urban heat island” (SUHI). Several researchers have also related it with climate change due to their contribution to the greenhouse effect and global warming. In this study, we have particularly emphasized northern India, including Punjab, Rajasthan, Haryana, and Delhi. We created a Google Earth Engine (GEE) based Web-App to assess the UHI intensity over the past 15 years (2003–2018). We are using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) images, Landsat 5, 7, and 8 data for studying UHI. The land surface temperature (LST) based UHI intensity (day and night time) will be available for major metropolitan cities with their respective clusters. With feasibility in SUHI monitoring, we can address an increasing need for resilient, sustainable, and safe urban planning of our cities as portrayed under the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG 11 highlighted by United Nations).
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Kuldeep, Kuldeep, Sohil Sisodiya, and Dr Anil K. Mathur. "Noise Descriptors For Kota Metropolis, Rajasthan (India)." Current World Environment 16, no. 1 (April 28, 2021): 176–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.12944/cwe.16.1.18.
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The most common environmental concern in metropolitan cities worldwide is noise pollution. Kota metropolis (India) is also suffering from the problem of the increased noise level in the urban environment. Kota metropolis has been selected for the assessment of noise pollution. The main reasons behind the increasing level of noise in the city are increased population, rapid urbanization and industrialization, increased transportation facilities, urban development, construction and demolition works etc. The noise levels were recorded for day-time (6 am to 10 pm) as per Indian standard time for 96 days. Sixteen sampling points are made within the city depending upon the category of area/zone such as industrial, residential, silence and commercial. Six days were prescribed for each sampling location for noise level measurement. Noise descriptors such as Lmax, Lmin, L10, L50, L90, NC (noise climate), Lnp (noise pollution level), Leq (equivalent noise level), and NEI (noise exposure index) were computed with the observed data. Noise descriptors are very useful to indicate the physiological and psychological effects of noise pollution associated with noise levels. It makes regulating agency to take necessary actions in high noise areas for noise vulnerable groups such as Childs, old persons etc. Noise levels were recorded with the digital sound level meter " HTC SL-1350". Obtained equivalent noise levels were in between 65 dB(A) to 85 dB(A). The results were then compared with the WHO standards of community noise levels, and Indian noise pollution standards. It is noticed that the noise levels in all monitoring stations were well above the limits of the standards prescribed by the WHO and CPCB. Small variations in noise levels were observed for all sampling locations i.e. noise levels were almost similar at sampling locations. Noise levels were distinct in magnitude for morning and evenings hours. Noise Exposure Index (NEI) was greater than 1 which shows significant high noise levels in all the sampling locations. Kota metropolis desperately needs new strategies to reduces the high noise level in the city. Regulating agencies should take necessary action before things get out of control. Some immediate actions are suggested in the study.
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Chavan, Ashwini. "Design of Natural Gas Pipeline." International Journal for Research in Applied Science and Engineering Technology 9, no. VIII (August 15, 2021): 733–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.22214/ijraset.2021.37468.
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India today has an in depth network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of gas. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently utilized in the domestic sector similarly as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks. India today has an intensive network of underground pipelines used for the transportation and distribution of fossil fuel. Large factories, fertilizer factories and other industrial enterprises are the most consumers in PNG and today, however, with the rise in its popularity, it's currently employed in the domestic sector additionally as a fuel within the automotive sector in large metropolitan cities. To bring gas to those end users within the boundaries of a significant city, it's necessary to create city gas distribution pipeline networks, these networks have already been founded within the cities of Delhi, Mumbai, Vadodara, Firozabad, Kanpur and plenty of more such networks are planned within the near future. Given the infrastructure and layout available in typical Indian cities, it becomes difficult to make such gas distribution networks without separate corridors for competing utilities. Reckoning on pressures, flow rates and economic criteria, these networks may be constructed with steel pipes, polyethylene (PE) pipes or a hybrid PE-steel pipe system. In contrast to borehole pipelines, which stretch for miles directly through open fields, the CGD network is more complex. These are located in densely populated areas, and an oversized number of network branches meet the wants of users in several locations in an exceedingly city. Although they're much smaller long and size than background pipelines, a city's network is far more dispersed and diverse. The rise within the number of branches means over the amount of sleeves, bends, reducers, fittings, etc. within the network, with the exception of the quantity of delivery points for the availability of fossil fuel. Due to the assorted activities of third parties other city agencies, the chance of injury and accidents is even on top of the substantial pipelines. of these factors require better security systems integrated into the network and therefore the need for special preparation to manage any emergency situation.
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Goenka, Mahesh K., Shivaraj Afzalpurkar, Uday C. Ghoshal, Nalini Guda, and Nageshwar Reddy. "Impact of COVID-19 on gastrointestinal endoscopy practice in India: a cross-sectional study." Endoscopy International Open 08, no. 07 (June 18, 2020): E974—E979. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1181-8391.
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Abstract Background and study aims Gastrointestinal endoscopy, being an aerosol-generating procedure, has the potential to transmit Severe Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) during the current pandemic. Adequate knowledge is the key to prevention. A survey, perhaps the first, was conducted among Indian endoscopists to assess the impact of Coronavirus Disease (COVID)-19 on gastroinestinal endoscopy practice in the country. Methods From April 24 to 28, 2020, an electronic survey (using Google Form) was conducted with 23 questions (single or multiple answers) on: (1) endoscopy practice before the pandemic; (2) knowledge about COVID-19; and (3) its impact on endoscopy practice. Results Responses were received from 375 of 1205 (31.1 %) endoscopists. Most (35.7 %) were young (31–40 years), practicing in corporate multi-speciality hospitals (44.6 %) or independent practice set-up (17.7 %) in metropolitan cities (55.6 %) and urban areas (42.3 %). In most units (75.4 %), fewer than 10 % of procedures performed are endoscopies, as compared to before the pandemic. A reduction in volume of endoscopy related to restriction of the routine procedures by the latest guideline was reported by 86.9 % of respondents. Most are using N95 masks (74.7 %) and/or complete personal protective equipment (PPE, 49.2 %) during endoscopic procedures. Only 18.3 % of respondents had access to negative pressure rooms either within (5.4 %) or outside (12.9 %) the usual endoscopy suite. Conclusion Endoscopy units in India are performing fewer than 10 % of their usual volumes due to current restrictions. Resources to follow current international guidelines, including use of negative pressure rooms and PPE, are limited. Alternate measures are needed to keep up the services.
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Sakthivadivel, Murugesan, Rajaratnam Rajiv Mukhilan, Ganesan Jeevitha, Jeyabharathi Sakthivadivel, Kirubakaran Narayanan, and Samuel Tennyson. "Knowledge, attitude and practice of vectors and vector-borne diseases with special reference to dengue at metropolitan Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 7, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2337. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20202495.
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Background: Infectious diseases transmitted by insects and other animal vectors have long been associated with significant human illness and death.Methods: The study design was a descriptive cross-sectional study concerning knowledge, attitude and practices about mosquito breeding sources, mosquito density period, mosquito spreading diseases, protection from mosquito bites, awareness on vector-borne diseases, usage of chemical and natural products among the people in selected areas of metropolitan Chennai by accurate random sampling covering one thousand respondents based on age group, education and gender.Results: The overall respondents were analyzed about the breeding sources and it was found that water (40%) was its main source. In average, the majority of respondent’s observation (57%) on mosquito breeding season was during monsoon. In overview of the public health concern, majority (54%) of the people answered that they had been infected with mosquito-borne diseases. The results also indicated that the respondents of the study area used liquidator (40%), coil (31%), repellent cream (9%) and indoor spraying repellents (17%) to protect themselves from mosquito bites. In response to the knowledge on herbal products, 54% of the respondents were aware about it.Conclusions: The study documented that majority of respondents were unaware rather than knowing the facts with regard to mosquito-borne diseases and its details. Therefore, from the present survey, it can be stated that KAP surveys access communication processes and sources that are key to defining effective activities and messages in vector-borne diseases prevention and control.
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S. Madapur, Ar Bhagyalaxmi. "Integrated Urban Mobility." Resourceedings 2, no. 1 (July 24, 2019): 186. http://dx.doi.org/10.21625/resourceedings.v2i1.598.
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Habitually, urban mobility involves movement of inhabitants within or among urban areas. As cities continue to grow across the world, the resulting unregulated urban sprawl is associated with numerous adverse consequences. If these growing sub-urban areas and city cores are not adequately and efficiently interconnected by different modes of mass rapid transit systems (MRTS) from origin to destination for last mile connectivity, inhabitants continue to commute fittingly by private modes on consistent basis for their daily activities. This aspect thrusts high level of congestion and increases the commuting cost, collectively contributing to the degradation of urban environment and subsequently low quality of urban living often disengaging the city from its inhabitants. Additionally, with the surge in socio-economic profile of urban areas coupled with ICT (Information and Communication Technology) enabled provision of urban services, the conventional notion of urban mobility is altering swiftly. The MRTS needs to develop inventive structure for the planning, designing as well as implementing mechanisms to offer widely accessible (spatially, socially, all age groups and gender types) choices for sustained urban mobility while gradually unfolding the city to its hurried inhabitants at all the possible levels and scales. In this context, this paper attempts to and assess the current status of MRTS in the provision of last mile connectivity through the case study of Bangalore metropolitan city in India. The analysis intends to articulate the rational configurations for achieving efficient and inclusive urban mobility.
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Bharucha, Jehangir, and Rita Khatri. "The sexual street harassment battle: perceptions of women in urban India." Journal of Adult Protection 20, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 101–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jap-12-2017-0038.
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Purpose In India, women feel unsafe particularly in public spaces and single women feel threatened in almost every context (Nag, 2016). The purpose of this paper is to examine women’s safety in the metropolitan city of Mumbai and argue that we need to address this issue and respond to the dearth of firsthand knowledge about women’s safety in India which is investigated in light of the social and cultural milieu. The study makes several recommendations based on the research findings. Design/methodology/approach The data collection was done in three separate stages. In the first phase, a structured questionnaire was administered orally to around 300 working women all over the city of Mumbai and its suburbs. The second stage adopted an exploratory qualitative approach using in-depth interviews and reflections. In the third stage, the authors audited busy areas on various parameters that might hamper women’s safety. Findings All the raw data obtained were analyzed using qualitative data coding and categorized to generate themes. Six clear themes emerged which include: perception of safety; safety in transportation; actual violation of personal or physical safety; negligible reaction by the victims; experience with the police; and firsthand recommendations and strategies. This study brings to light the disturbing fact that 91 percent of women worry about their safety all the time or most of the time when they are outside their homes. On the streets of the city almost all had experienced some tangible threats to their safety at some point of time. Originality/value Hypocrisy in the treatment of women is precisely what makes India unsafe for women. Although Mumbai ranks as the safest city in India, the study portrays that it is unsafe and fearsome for women. The recent much publicized crimes against women especially rape cases have made women’s safety an important topic for research. Not much primary research exists in this area.
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Bhattacharya, Manisha, Erika Paige Hamilton, and Yousuf Zafar. "Oncologists’ perceptions of cost and cancer care in India: A comparison of private practice (PPOs) and non-private practice oncologists (NPPOs)." Journal of Clinical Oncology 31, no. 15_suppl (May 20, 2013): e17562-e17562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2013.31.15_suppl.e17562.
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e17562 Background: Cancer incidence is increasing in India, where most patients lack health insurance. Little is known about how out-of-pocket costs affect cancer treatment decision-making by Indian physicians and patients. Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of PPOs and NPPOs in 6 Indian metropolitan areas. Oncologists were surveyed about cost of care and cost discussions with patients. Descriptive statistics and Fisher’s exact tests were used to describe differences in cost perceptions and discussions. Results: 59 oncologists were surveyed (61% response). 78% (n=46) were men. 59% (n=34) were PPOs, and 41% (n=25) were NPPOs. Oncologists routinely discussed cost with their patients (96%, n=57); PPOs and NPPOs were equally likely to do so (p=1.00). According to oncologists, patients seeing NPPOs or PPOs were equally likely to discuss costs before deciding on treatment (p=0.14). 55% (n=32/58) of oncologists discussed cost with patients before prescribing diagnostic tests, and 79% (n=46/58) discussed cost before making treatment decisions. PPOs were more likely than NPPOs to believe that costs may discourage patients from presenting for an initial cancer evaluation (88% vs. 44%; p=0.0009). However, 71% of NPPOs (vs 44% of PPOs; p=0.06) believed that, once diagnosed, more than half of their patients found costs to be a barrier to receiving standard care. Oncologists reported the most costly components of care for their patients to be: 1) chemotherapy; 2) radiotherapy and diagnostic imaging (tied); 4) surgery; 5) indirect costs from lost wages and inpatient admission (tied). When asked about how to reduce costs, oncologists identified: lowering chemotherapy prices (88%, n=52); judicious use/ lowering cost of diagnostics (36%, n=21); optimizing the referral process (22%, n=13). Insurance/subsidies were identified by 15% (n=8). Conclusions: Cost is routinely discussed by Indian patients and oncologists across care settings. Cost can be a deterrent to initial evaluation and a barrier to receiving standard care. Oncologists more commonly suggested reducing costs of diagnostics and therapeutics, rather than expanding insurance or changing referral practices.
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Curtis, Jesse. "White Evangelicals as a “People”: The Church Growth Movement from India to the United States." Religion and American Culture 30, no. 1 (2020): 108–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/rac.2020.2.
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ABSTRACTThis article begins with a simple question: How did white evangelicals respond to the civil rights movement? Traditional answers are overwhelmingly political. As the story goes, white evangelicals became Republicans. In contrast, this article finds racial meaning in the places white evangelicals, themselves, insisted were most important: their churches. The task of evangelization did not stop for a racial revolution. What white evangelicals did with race as they tried to grow their churches is the subject of this article. Using the archives of the leading evangelical church growth theorists, this article traces the emergence and transformation of the Church Growth Movement (CGM). It shows how evangelistic strategies created in caste-conscious India in the 1930s came to be deployed in American metropolitan areas decades later. After first resisting efforts to bring these missionary approaches to the United States, CGM founder Donald McGavran embraced their use in the wake of the civil rights movement. During the 1970s, the CGM defined white Americans as “a people” akin to castes or tribes in the Global South. Drawing on the revival of white ethnic identities in American culture, church growth leaders imagined whiteness as pluralism rather than hierarchy. Embracing a culture of consumption, they sought to sell an appealing brand of evangelicalism to the white American middle class. The CGM story illuminates the transnational movement of people and ideas in evangelicalism, the often-creative tension between evangelical practices and American culture, and the ways in which racism inflected white evangelicals’ most basic theological commitments.
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Kumar, Abhishek, Pramod Kumar Rathore, and Dr Ashok Kumar Jhala. "Analysis of Six-Phase Transmission Lines for Increasing Power." SMART MOVES JOURNAL IJOSCIENCE 6, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 10–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.24113/ijoscience.v6i4.281.
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In the India, especially in metropolitan areas, transmission infrastructure is congested due to a combination of increasing load demands, declining investment, and aging facilities. It is anticipated that significant investments will be required for new construction and upgrades in order to serve load demands. This paper explores higher phase order systems, specifically, six-phase, as a means of increasing power transfer capability, and provides a comparison with conventional three-phase double circuit transmission lines. Line parameters calculations performed in this thesis show that line impedances in six-phase lines have a slight difference, compared to three-phase double circuit line. The electric and magnetic fields calculations show that, ground level electric fields of the six-phase lines decline more rapidly as the distance from center of the lines increase. The six-phase lines have a better performance on ground level magnetic field. Based on the electric and magnetic field results, right of way requirements for the six-phase lines and three-phase double circuit line were calculated. The calculation results of right of way show that six-phase lines provide higher power transfer capability with a given right of way.
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Munjal, Manish, Japneet Kaur, Porshia Rishi, Harjinder Singh, Nitika Tuli, and Shubham Munjal. "Managing laryngotracheal trauma: 3 year experience at a tertiary hospital in North India." International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery 6, no. 3 (February 24, 2020): 459. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/issn.2454-5929.ijohns20200557.
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<p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Background: </span></strong>Laryngotracheal trauma includes life threatening injuries that are encountered by emergency care physicians, trauma surgeons and ENT surgeons. These injuries can occur in the most remote areas or in the busiest metropolitan setting. Earlier intervention is vital in order to reduce the mortality and morbidity associated with insult to the aerodigestive tract and surrounding structures.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Methods: </span></strong>This is a retrospective study of 21 patients who presented to the emergency department of Dayanand Medical College and Hospital, Ludhiana, for management of injuries to aerodigestive tract over a period of 3 years from January 2016 to December 2019. </p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Results: </span></strong>Twenty-one patients were seen with acute injuries to the airway in the emergency department. There were 12 males and 9 female patients out of which there were 10 men and 5 women, 3 girls and 2 boys ranging in age from 9 to 60 years. Although most of these injuries occurred as a result of blunt trauma, 6 were due to penetrating injuries out of which 2 were due to homicidal assault. Stridor was the most common finding followed by surgical emphysema. Twelve patients were in acute respiratory distress requiring emergency procedures to secure the airway. All patients underwent successful repair of the injuries. All patients except 1 had a good airway.</p><p class="abstract"><strong><span lang="EN-US">Conclusions: </span></strong>Laryngotracheal injury is rare but very crucial and life-threatening surgical emergency. Timely intervention is crucial in the management of laryngotracheal trauma in order to prevent complications.</p>
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Farooq, M., and M. Muslim. "Dynamics and forecasting of population growth and urban expansion in Srinagar City – A Geospatial Approach." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XL-8 (November 28, 2014): 709–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xl-8-709-2014.
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The urban areas of developing countries are densely populated and need the use of sophisticated monitoring systems, such as remote sensing and geographical information systems (GIS). The urban sprawl of a city is best understood by studying the dynamics of LULC change which can be easily generated by using sequential satellite images, required for the prediction of urban growth. Multivariate statistical techniques and regression models have been used to establish the relationship between the urban growth and its causative factors and for forecast of the population growth and urban expansion. In Srinagar city, one of the fastest growing metropolitan cities situated in Jammu and Kashmir State of India, sprawl is taking its toll on the natural resources at an alarming pace. The present study was carried over a period of 40 years (1971–2011), to understand the dynamics of spatial and temporal variability of urban sprawl. The results reveal that built-up area has increased by 585.08 % while as the population has increased by 214.75 %. The forecast showed an increase of 246.84 km<sup>2</sup> in built-up area which exceeds the overall carrying capacity of the city. The most common conversions were also evaluated.
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Ferreira, Mariana Ângelo, Helenita Rodrigues da Silva Tamashiro, and Sergio Silva Braga. "An Exploratory Study on the Dimensions that Motivate the Attitudes of Young Consumers to the Consumption of Luxury Products." Mediterranean Journal of Social Sciences 8, no. 4 (July 27, 2017): 87–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/mjss-2017-0008.
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AbstractGiven the global economic context, most luxury brands are investing on the growth of so-called “emerging markets”, such as Brazil, Russia, India and China (BRICs), so that new metropolitan areas emerge as recognized centers of luxury consumption. In this perspective, the term consumption not only means a relationship of exchange, but also a system of communicating power and lifestyles, where young consumers are fundamental agents in the promotion of luxury products and services that fascinate and awaken desires. Therefore, the aim of the present research was to identify the dimensions that motivate the consumers′ attitudes in relation to the acquisition of luxury products. To verify the proposed objective, a quantitative exploratory research was carried out by means of a survey with a sample of 304 respondents collected through a direct approach in Sao Paulo, Brazil. In the process of data processing, the Structural Equations Modeling with the Partial Least Square (PLS) method was used for it. As a result, it was possible to observe that the attitudes are oriented by aspects related to quality and desire, generating, thus, the consumption motivation that was formed by the pleasure of the purchase, by the happiness provided by the product and by the social influence.
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Mundhe, N. "IDENTIFYING AND MAPPING OF SLUMS IN PUNE CITY USING GEOSPATIAL TECHNIQUES." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-5/W3 (December 5, 2019): 57–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-5-w3-57-2019.
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Abstract. In India, rapid growth of slums in urban areas, especially in metropolitan cities, has become a major problem for the planners and decision-makers. The slum expansion is mainly due to the rural-urban migration and pressure of the population on un-used, un-protected, and un-suitable public land. It leads to many issues like poverty, unemployment, lack of access to clean water, lack of durable housing, traffic congestion, environmental pollution, insufficient living area, inadequate sanitation, scarcity of land, inappropriate land use, skyrocketing land value and insecure tenure, etc. Planning controls are usually ineffective in slum areas due to lack of timely information and people having little regard for such things in the absence of any other alternative. In most of the municipal bodies, proper updated information/map of slums are not available, which, create a problem in the decision-making process. Thus, there is an imperative need to resolve above-mentioned issues with the help of Geospatial techniques. This paper aims to identify and mapping of slums in Pune City using Geospatial techniques. The slums were identified based on high-resolution satellite images such as Resourcesat-2 (LISS-IV) data with the help of visual interpretation and standard image processing techniques, i.e., image rectification, enhancement, and classification. Afterward, the database was created and labeled with the help of the GIS tool. In Pune, there is around 40 percent of the urban population resides in slums. Such a large proportion of slum population also adds to the burden of already scarce resources and on overall urban infrastructure. The entire slum population of the city was accommodated in a total of 477 slums of which 238 and 239 were declared and undeclared slums respectively. The most of the slums in Pune mainly occurred in the central part due to natural increases as well as migration. But, the peripheral areas it’s happen due to vacant land/open areas along to river, canal, railway line and hill slope. The study reveals that more than 200 slums are located near environmentally sensitive areas and encroachment activities are increased in southern part of the city i.e., Ambegaon Bk., Vithhal Nagar and Warje areas.
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Tang, Junmei, and Liping Di. "Past and Future Trajectories of Farmland Loss Due to Rapid Urbanization Using Landsat Imagery and the Markov-CA Model: A Case Study of Delhi, India." Remote Sensing 11, no. 2 (January 18, 2019): 180. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11020180.
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This study integrated multi-temporal Landsat images, the Markov-Cellular Automation (CA) model, and socioeconomic factors to analyze the historical and future farmland loss in the Delhi metropolitan area, one of the most rapidly urbanized areas in the world. Accordingly, the major objectives of this study were: (1) to classify the land use and land cover (LULC) map using multi-temporal Landsat images from 1994 to 2014; (2) to develop and calibrate the Markov-CA model based on the Markov transition probabilities of LULC classes, the CA diffusion factor, and other ancillary factors; and (3) to analyze and compare the past loss of farmland and predict the future loss of farmland in relation to rapid urban expansion from the year 1995 to 2030. The predicted results indicated the high accuracy of the Markov-CA model, with an overall accuracy of 0.75 and Kappa value of 0.59. The predicted results showed that urban expansion is likely to continue to the year of 2030, though the rate of increase will slow down from the year 2020. The area of farmland has decreased and will continue to decrease at a relatively stable rate. The Markov-CA model provided a better understanding of the past, current, and future trends of LULC change, with farmland loss being a typical change in this region. The predicted result will help planners to develop suitable government policies to guide sustainable urban development in Delhi, India.
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Jeganathan, Anushiya, Ramachandran Andimuthu, and Palanivelu Kandasamy. "Challenges in Chennai City to Cope with Changing Climate." European Journal of Climate Change 3, no. 1 (January 10, 2021): 33–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.34154/2021-ejcc-0017/euraass.
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Cities are dynamic systems resulting from the complex interaction of various socio-ecological and environmental developments. Climate change disproportionately affects cities mostly located in climate-sensitive areas; thus, these urban systems are the most critical in modern societies under changing climate scenarios, uncertain disruptions, and urban inhabitants' daily lives. It is essential to analyze the challenges in the metropolitan area through the lens of climate change. The present work analyses the challenges in Chennai, a coastal city in India and one of the chief industrial growth canters in Indian and South Asian region. The challenges are analyzed through the city’s system analysis via land use, green cover, population, and coastal hazards. Land use and green cover changes are studied through satellite images using ArcGIS and assessing coastal risks due to sea-level rise through GIS-based inundation model. There are drastic changes in land-use patterns; the green cover had reduced much, including agricultural and forest cover due to rapid urbanization. The land use has changed to 59.6% of the reduction in agriculture land, nearly 40% reduction in forest land, and 47% of the wetland over time. The observed mean sea level trend for Chennai is + 0.55 mm/year from 1916 to 2015 and the area of 21.75 sq. km is under the threat of inundation to 0.5m sea-level rise. The population growth, drastic changes in land use pattern, green cover reduction, and inundation due to sea-level rise increase the city's risks to climate change. There is a need to ensure that future land-use developments do not worsen the current climate risk level, either through influencing the hazards themselves or affecting the urban system's future vulnerability and adaptive capacity. The study also urges the zone level adaptation strategies to ensure the resilience of the city.