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Journal articles on the topic 'Mexican American baseball players'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 July 2025

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1

Klein, Alan M. "Tender Machos: Masculine Contrasts in the Mexican Baseball League." Sociology of Sport Journal 12, no. 4 (1995): 370–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.12.4.370.

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This study examines the social and cross-cultural aspects of masculinity through an ethnographic assessment of a Mexican League baseball team. The institution and meaning of “machismo” are examined along three indices of emotion: expression of vulnerability and hurt, reactions to children, and expression of physicality. The view widely held by North Americans that Latino and Latin American men are one-dimensional machos is critiqued. It is argued that, rather than comprising a single category, machismo exists along a continuum of masculinity from more to less macho. Cross-cultural comparisons

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2

Nuñez, Alex. "A Catcher's Mask: Vincent Nava, Mexican Americans, and the Question of Race in Early Baseball." Journal of American Ethnic History 42, no. 1 (2022): 82–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/19364695.42.1.03.

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Abstract When Vincent Nava became the first Mexican American to play professional baseball in the United States in 1882, it forced the sport to reckon with the place of individuals who did not fit neatly into the Black/white color line it had recently imposed, questioning if an ethnically Latin player should participate in a profession designated by and for white men. For Nava and his team, baseball became a way to experiment with whiteness and its corresponding characteristics of masculinity, social mobility, and identity. Nava's experiences mirrored those of many other Mexican Americans in t

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3

Romer, Robert H. "Australian-American major league baseball players?" American Journal of Physics 67, no. 2 (1999): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.1119/1.19201.

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4

Nguyen, Vy T., Ross D. Zafonte, Jarvis T. Chen, et al. "Mortality Among Professional American-Style Football Players and Professional American Baseball Players." JAMA Network Open 2, no. 5 (2019): e194223. http://dx.doi.org/10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4223.

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5

Ruiz, Leonardo, Judy L. Van Raalte, Thaddeus France, and Al Petitpas. "Sueños de Béisbol: Hopes, Experiences, and Expectations of Professional Baseball Players in the Dominican Republic." Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology 14, no. 1 (2020): 1–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jcsp.2018-0091.

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More than 1,400 Latin American professional baseball players, age 16-21, are employed by 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) academies in the Dominican Republic. The popular press has highlighted scandals related to professional youth baseball player recruitment, selection, and exploitation in the academies, but little attention has been given to the academy experiences of youth baseball players from the perspective of the players themselves. For this research, 11 professional baseball players residing at an MLB Academy in the Dominican Republic participated in semi-structured interviews. Players d

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6

Gould, Heath P., Robert D. Winkelman, Joseph E. Tanenbaum, et al. "Epidemiology, Treatment, and Performance-Based Outcomes in American Professional Baseball Players With Symptomatic Spondylolysis and Isthmic Spondylolisthesis." American Journal of Sports Medicine 48, no. 11 (2020): 2765–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546520945727.

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Background: Repetitive lumbar hyperextension and rotation during athletic activity affect the structural integrity of the lumbar spine. While many sports have been associated with an increased risk of developing a pars defect, few previous studies have systematically investigated spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in professional baseball players. Purpose: To characterize the epidemiology and treatment of symptomatic lumbar spondylolysis and isthmic spondylolisthesis in American professional baseball players. We also sought to report the return-to-play (RTP) and performance-based outcomes ass

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7

Alpert, Rebecca. "Is Rod Carew a Jew? Jewish Baseball Fans' Obsession with Jewish Players." International Journal of Sport and Religion 3, no. 1 (2025): 3–10. https://doi.org/10.1353/ijsr.2025.a961689.

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Abstract: This essay examines the phenomenon of Jewish baseball fans' obsession with Jewish players that continues until this day within the American Jewish community. It explains the history of Jewish baseball fans' understanding of their connection to baseball and to the Jews who play professionally. It then theorizes about what that means for American Jewish identity, arguing that these fans are motivated by both a continuing insecurity about their place in American life and a search for the meaning of their American Jewish identity.

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8

Stein, Abe. "The Sentimental Mood of All Star Baseball 2004." Eludamos: Journal for Computer Game Culture 5, no. 1 (2011): 111–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.7557/23.6132.

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All Star Baseball 2004 is a baseball video game made for fans of the sport. It references the rich history that surrounds American baseball, and the grand cultural context that informs the sport. Historic players, ballparks, and a mood of sentimentality set All Star Baseball 2004 apart from other baseball simulations.

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9

Patell, Cyrus R. K. "Baseball and the Cultural Logic of American Individualism." Prospects 18 (October 1993): 401–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0361233300004968.

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The 1980s were tumultuous years for the sport that many Americans still call the “national game” or the “national pastime.” For major league baseball, it was a decade marked by increasingly hostile relations between labor and management, resulting in three strikes, including one that interrupted the 1981 season and lasted for fifty days, causing the season to be shortened and many of the year's records to be marked with an asterisk. In 1984, Peter Ueberroth, the man who miraculously made the Los Angeles Olympics turn a profit, was hired as Commissioner of Baseball, and he soon led the owners i

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MIYAZAKI, Tsuyoshi, Sora MATSUO, Hiromu SHIMADA, Hiroshi TANAKA, and Mari UEDA. "Fundamental study on ambient noise reduction for analysis of hitting sound of professional baseball players." INTER-NOISE and NOISE-CON Congress and Conference Proceedings 270, no. 3 (2024): 8114–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3397/in_2024_4048.

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In recent years, the sound of a hitting ball during a baseball game has focused attention on the American Major League Baseball and Japanese professional baseball. It is reported that information such as the direction and distance of a batted ball can be detected from the sound. The sounds of players hitting the ball are sometimes expressed using various onomatopoeic. In our previous study, we recorded the sound of a baseball hit during hitting practice for players of a university baseball team in the Tokyo metropolitan area in Japan. Relationships between the acoustic characteristics of the s

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11

Weiller, Karen H., and Catriona T. Higgs. "The All American Girls Professional Baseball League, 1943–1954: Gender Conflict in Sport?" Sociology of Sport Journal 11, no. 3 (1994): 289–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.11.3.289.

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The increase of women workers in industry during World War II coincided with an increase in sport participation and competition. From 1943 to 1954, the All American Girls Professional Baseball League (AAGPBL) allowed talented women athletes a chance to play professional baseball. The purpose of this study was to examine the nature of women’s professional baseball and its connection with the social, cultural, and economic roles for women in society. An open-ended questionnaire allowed former players to respond to the social and cultural forces that impacted on women in society and sport during

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Arth, Zachary W., Darrin J. Griffin, and Andrew C. Billings. "(Inter)National Pastime: Depicting Nationality in Local and National Major League Baseball Broadcasts." International Journal of Sport Communication 12, no. 3 (2019): 354–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsc.2018-0131.

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This study examined Major League Baseball (MLB) broadcasters’ descriptions of players through the lens of self-categorization theory. Two core variables were assessed: nationality (American or non-American) and broadcast type (local or national). Broadcaster language in 30 games from the 2016 MLB season was analyzed. Two forms of examination revealed that American players were more frequently described as successful due to their intelligence, whereas non-American players were more likely to be depicted as failing due to an ascribed lack of strength and were discussed more in terms of emotional

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13

Thomas, Stephen J., Scott Sheridan, and Katherine E. Reuther. "Humeral Retroversion and Participation Age in Professional Baseball Pitchers by Geographic Region." Journal of Athletic Training 55, no. 1 (2020): 27–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-563-18.

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Context Baseball is played around the world, including in North America and Latin America. The repetitive and stressful act of throwing can lead to adaptations such as increased humeral retroversion (HR) in the throwing arm. This adaptation is often considered beneficial as it allows more glenohumeral external rotation during the cocking phase of pitching without soft tissue stretching. Therefore, it is speculated that throwing should be started at a young age to capitalize on this adaptation. Interestingly, athletes in different geographic regions of the world often begin organized baseball a

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14

Holt, Joshua, Philip Stearns, Tracey Bastrom, Morgan Dennis, Jerry Dwek, and Andrew Pennock. "PROGRESSIVE ELBOW MRI ABNORMALITIES IN LITTLE LEAGUE BASEBALL PLAYERS ARE COMMON: A 3-YEAR LONGITUDINAL EVALUATION." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 3_suppl (2019): 2325967119S0006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00060.

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Background Significant effort has been made by multiple organizations including Little League Baseball, USA Baseball, Major League Baseball, and the American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons to minimize the rate of shoulder and elbow injury among Little League Baseball players. Despite this effort, recent MRI studies have shown high rates of elbow pathology in this athletic population. The purpose of the current study was to track a cohort of Little League baseball players over three years with serial examinations and MRI to determine the natural history, progression, and risk factors of previo

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15

Burger, Jerry M., and Amy L. Lynn. "Superstitious Behavior Among American and Japanese Professional Baseball Players." Basic and Applied Social Psychology 27, no. 1 (2005): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15324834basp2701_7.

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16

Gould, Heath P., Robert Daniel Winkelman, Joseph Tanenbaum, et al. "Performance-Based Outcomes Following Symptomatic Pars Injuries in American Professional Baseball Players." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 7_suppl5 (2019): 2325967119S0040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119s00406.

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Objectives: Previous studies in the evidence-based literature suggest that lumbar spine injuries can lead to a significant decrease in athletic performance. This phenomenon is particularly evident in sports that require repetitive truncal rotation, such as baseball. Although we have previously characterized the natural history of symptomatic spondylolysis and spondylolisthesis in professional baseball players, no prior study has investigated the impact of pars injuries on player performance in this patient population. The purpose of this study was to report performance-based outcomes following

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Giddings, Lisa A., and Michael Haupert. "Earning Like a Woman: Salaries versus Marginal Revenue Products in the AAGBPL and MLB: 1947-1952." Journal of Sports Economics 20, no. 2 (2018): 198–217. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1527002518758145.

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This article exploits heretofore unexplored data from the All-American Girls Professional Baseball League that existed in the United States from 1943 to 1954 to measure and compare the economic loss to male and female professional baseball players. While female ballplayers earned a fraction of male salaries, they captured nearly twice as much of the revenues that they generated, indicating a smaller degree of exploitation. We hypothesize that in addition to the difference in structures of the two leagues, reservation wages explain the large difference in exploitation rates between the male and

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18

Sanzone, R. Zachary. "Issei Baseball: The Story of the First Japanese American Baseball Players by Robert K. Fitts." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 28, no. 1-2 (2019): 212–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2019.0044.

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19

Kaufman, James C. "A Triarchical Model of Batting Abilities: Applying Psychological Statistics to Baseball." Perceptual and Motor Skills 85, no. 1 (1997): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1997.85.1.299.

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A triarchical model of batting ability in baseball (Power, Skill, and Speed) was hypothesized. Factor analysis of data obtained from 77 players on the four 1996 playoff teams produced three meaningful oblique factors, giving support to the proposed model. The factor structure and specific pattern of factor loadings were quite stable as coefficients of congruence of .97 to .99 were obtained between factors extracted from separate analyses of the National League players ( n = 38) and the American League players ( n = 39).

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Cascia, Nicole, Tim L. Uhl, and Carolyn M. Hettrich. "Return to Play Following Nonoperative Treatment of Partial Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injuries in Professional Baseball Players: A Critically Appraised Topic." Journal of Sport Rehabilitation 28, no. 6 (2019): 660–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsr.2018-0110.

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Clinical Scenario: Ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) injuries are highly prevalent in professional baseball players with the success of operative management being well known in the literature. Return to play (RTP) rates following nonoperative management of partial UCL injuries in professional baseball players are not well established in the literature. With a UCL tear being a potential career-ending injury, it is imperative that the best treatment option is provided to these throwing athletes. There is an increase in the incidence of UCL surgical rates and a lack of general agreement on nonopera

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21

Howell, Colin D. "Baseball and Borders: The Diffusion of Baseball into Mexican and Canadian-American Borderland Regions, 1885-1911." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 11, no. 2 (2003): 16–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2003.0012.

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22

Kaplan, Ron. "Never Just a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball to 1920, and: Much More Than a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball since 1921 (review)." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 11, no. 1 (2002): 129–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2002.0035.

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23

Breckenridge, R. Saylor, and Pat Rubio Goldsmith. "Spectacle, Distance, and Threat: Attendance and Integration of Major League Baseball, 1930–1961." Sociology of Sport Journal 26, no. 2 (2009): 296–319. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.26.2.296.

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We examine the effect of the visibility of African American, Latino, and Jewish baseball players on attendance at Major League Baseball games between 1930 and 1961. We invoke the sociological concepts of “social distance,” “spectacle,” and “group threat” and incorporate data focusing on the era of integration to expand on previous research in this arena. Notably, African American and Latino player visibility—but not that of other groups—is revealed to increase attendance at games. This effect weakens for losing teams and in cities with relatively larger minority populations. The findings sugge

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Kercher, James S., Robert P. Runner, Timothy P. McCarthy, and Xavier A. Duralde. "Posterior Labral Repairs of the Shoulder Among Baseball Players: Results and Outcomes With Minimum 2-Year Follow-up." American Journal of Sports Medicine 47, no. 7 (2019): 1687–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0363546519843070.

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Background: There is a paucity of information regarding the treatment of posterior labral tears of the shoulder for baseball players. Reports regarding treatment and postoperative outcomes are more limited than its anterior and superior counterparts. Purpose: To evaluate the clinical presentation, surgical findings, postoperative outcomes, and rate of return to sport after arthroscopic repair of posterior labral injuries of the shoulder among baseball players. Study Design: Case series; Level of evidence, 4. Methods: Retrospective review was performed of baseball players who underwent arthrosc

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25

Stanaway, Kimberly B., and Terence M. Hines. "Lack of a Season of Birth Effect among American Athletes." Perceptual and Motor Skills 81, no. 3 (1995): 952–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1995.81.3.952.

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Previous studies have reported uneven distributions of birth dates across the year for European athletes in several sports. The usual explanation has been that being born in a particular part of the year confers selective advantages or disadvantages depending on what part of the year the season of the sport in question begins. We now report the first study of season of birth effects in American athletes. We found no such effect in a sample of 167 highly skilled football players or in a sample of 600 baseball players.

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26

Margolis, Benjamin, and Jane Allyn Piliavin. "“Stacking” in Major League Baseball: A Multivariate Analysis." Sociology of Sport Journal 16, no. 1 (1999): 16–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.16.1.16.

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This research studied stacking—position segregation by race or ethnicity in team sports—in the 1992 Major League Baseball season using a multivariate analysis, with control variables of height, weight, age, power, speed, and skill. The strong relationship between race and centrality found in previous studies was confirmed; African-American players were predominantly in the outfield positions, Latino players in the middle infield positions, and white players in the most central position of catcher, as well as the other infield positions. The multiple regression analyses revealed direct effects

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Lavoie, Marc. "The “Economic” Hypothesis of Positional Segregation: Some Further Comments." Sociology of Sport Journal 6, no. 2 (1989): 163–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.6.2.163.

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It is shown that the Medoff economic hypothesis of stacking, based on free choice induced by income differentials and training cost differentials, cannot generate unambiguous predictions. Latin American players in baseball are given as a counterexample. Means to ascertain the training costs relative to each position are suggested, as well as means to predict the evolution of positional segregation in baseball through time, using the uncertainty thesis of discrimination put forth by Blalock and previously applied to ice hockey.

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Riess, Steven A., and Robert F. Burk. "Never Just a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball to 1920." American Historical Review 100, no. 3 (1995): 958. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2168730.

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29

Rader, Benjamin G., and Robert F. Burk. "Never Just a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball to 1920." Journal of American History 82, no. 1 (1995): 264. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2082037.

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Rausch, Jane M. "The Development of Baseball in Colombia —A Caribbean Anomaly?" Memorias 48 (April 26, 2023): 129–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.14482/memor.48.505.892.

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In the aftermath of the Cuban-Spanish-American War, US influence rapidly increased throug-hout the Caribbean. Its quasi-control of the region sparked a virulent nationalism combining a mix of anti-Americanism along with adoption of aspects of American culture. Baseball, for example, proved to have irresistible appeal throughout the region. Eventually, the peoples of Puerto Rico, the Dominican Republic, Mexico, Nicaragua, Venezuela, and Panama joined Cubans in their enthusiasm for the sport. Although the US never invaded Colombia, baseball spawned a following in its Caribbean region as well, bu

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31

Nelson, Emalee. "¡Vamos Chicas! Mexican American Women’s Baseball Leagues of the Pre-WWII Midwest." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 32, no. 2 (2024): 58–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2023.a914846.

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Nichol, Matt. "Is Labor in Sport a Commodity? The Case of American and Japanese Professional Baseball." Journal of Legal Aspects of Sport 33, no. 2 (2023): 114–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.18060/27461.

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An important rule that underpins international and domestic labor law is the principle that labor is not a commodity. This principle has interesting application to the labor regulation in professional team sports such as baseball that utilize drafts, salary restraints, the reserve system, and free agency. The article will examine whether these and other labor controls in Major League Baseball in the United States and Nippon Professional Baseball League in Japan commodify labor. Baseball’s labor controls and practices will be assessed to determine if labor is treated as a commodity, and if so,

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MARCUS, KENNETH H. "Mexican Folk Music and Theater in Early Twentieth-Century Southern California: The Ramona Pageant and the Mexican Players." Journal of the Society for American Music 9, no. 1 (2015): 26–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1752196314000534.

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AbstractIn an environment of racial tension and conflict in Southern California during the first half of the twentieth century, the Ramona Pageant and the plays by the Padua Hills Mexican Players offered Mexican American performers a vital role in perpetuating cultural memory through music and dance. The Ramona Pageant, which began in Hemet, California in 1923 and is still in operation, remains one of the longest-running pageants, or historical dramas, in U.S. history. Similarly, the Mexican Players were founded during the Great Depression in 1931 in Claremont, California and performed continu

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Oi, Takanori, Shinichi Yoshiya, Jon Slowik, et al. "Biomechanical Differences Between Japanese and American Professional Baseball Pitchers." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 7, no. 2 (2019): 232596711982562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967119825625.

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Background: Although baseball injuries are common in both Japan and the United States, the majority of pitching injuries in Japanese players occur at the shoulder, whereas most pitching injuries in American players occur at the elbow. A biomechanical comparison between Japanese and American pitchers may help to identify the different injury mechanisms. Hypothesis: Japanese pitchers produce greater shoulder kinetics whereas American pitchers generate greater elbow kinetics. Also, kinematic differences will be found between the 2 groups, including longer stride and greater lead knee flexion for

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Tygiel, Jules, and Robert F. Burk. "Much More Than a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball since 1921." Journal of American History 88, no. 4 (2002): 1583. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2700715.

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Kawaura, Akihiko, and Sumner La Croix. "INTEGRATION OF NORTH AND SOUTH AMERICAN PLAYERS IN JAPAN'S PROFESSIONAL BASEBALL LEAGUES." International Economic Review 57, no. 3 (2016): 1107–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/iere.12187.

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Gietschier, Steve. "Much More than a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball Since 1921." Sport History Review 33, no. 2 (2002): 150–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/shr.33.2.150.

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LaPrade, Christopher M., Deepak V. Chona, Mark E. Cinque, et al. "Return-to-play and performance after operative treatment of Achilles tendon rupture in elite male athletes: a scoping review." British Journal of Sports Medicine 56, no. 9 (2022): 515–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bjsports-2021-104835.

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ObjectiveTo examine the current evidence regarding return-to-play (RTP) and performance after Achilles tendon rupture in elite athletes treated with operative intervention.DesignScoping review.Data sourcesPublished sources identified through a PubMed search of elite athletes, defined as professional or division one collegiate athletes in baseball, basketball, American football or soccer.MethodsOur search yielded a total of 2402 studies, with 13 studies fulfilling the study criteria of reporting elite athletes with objective measures of their athletic performance. A total of 709 elite athletes

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Arbena, Joseph L. "Robet F. Burk, Much More than A Game: Players, Owners and American Baseball Since 1921. Chapel Hill, NC: University of North Carolina Press, 2001 xi + 372 pp. $45.00 cloth; $19.95 paper; Charles P. Korr, The End of Baseball as We Knew It: The Players Union, 1960–81. Urbana, IL: The University of Illinois Press, 2002. 336 pp. $34.95 cloth." International Labor and Working-Class History 65 (April 2004): 229–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0147547904430130.

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Critics, fans and journalists alike, of the players' role in the prolonged major league baseball work stoppage of 1994–1995, generally ignore two key realities of the history of the national pastime. First, at least since the founding of the National League in 1876, baseball at the highest levels has been primarily a business. Neither owners nor players played mainly for “the love of the game.” For the latter it was a way to make a living; for the former it was a way to make a profit.

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Denham, Bryan E. "Alcohol and Marijuana Use among American High School Seniors: Empirical Associations with Competitive Sports Participation." Sociology of Sport Journal 28, no. 3 (2011): 362–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.28.3.362.

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Drawing on data gathered from high-school seniors in the 2008 Monitoring the Future Study of American Youth (N = 2,063), this research examined the explanatory effects of competitive sports participation on alcohol consumption and marijuana use using race and noncompetitive exercise frequency as controls. Among males, competitive sports included baseball, basketball, football, soccer, track and field, and weightlifting, and among females, sports included softball, basketball, soccer, swimming and diving, track and field, and volleyball. White males reported greater alcohol consumption than Bla

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Boynton, Bob. "Much More Than a Game: Players, Owners, and American Baseball since 1921 (review)." NINE: A Journal of Baseball History and Culture 11, no. 1 (2002): 127–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/nin.2002.0027.

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Franks, Joel S. "Nikkei Baseball: Japanese American Players from Immigration and Internment to the Major Leagues." Journal of Sport History 40, no. 3 (2013): 504–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/jsporthistory.40.3.504.

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Jane, Wen-Jhan, Yi-Jie Yu, and Jye-Shyan Wang. "The impact of national culture, altruism, and risk preference on salaries: The case of the Major League Baseball." PLOS ONE 18, no. 5 (2023): e0284556. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0284556.

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Based on the longitudinal data of 30 Major League Baseball (MLB) teams over seasons from 2017 to 2020, we used random effect (RE) models to conduct regression analyses on the detailed data of pitchers and fielders. Cultural distance (CD) was measured in terms of Hofstede’s cultural indicators and Global Preference Survey (GPS) data. The results showed that salary premiums for foreign MLB players existed and CD was significantly positively correlated with salaries. Further, the risk preference (/altruism) difference between foreign pitchers and American pitchers was significantly positively (/n

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Alamillo, José M. "Peloteros in Paradise: Mexican American Baseball and Oppositional Politics in Southern California, 1930-1950." Western Historical Quarterly 34, no. 2 (2003): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25047256.

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Barrack, Adam J., Lori A. Michener, Bernard Y. Liebeskind, et al. "Rotational Shoulder Strength Profiles In North And Latin American Professional Baseball Pitchers And Position Players." Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise 53, no. 8S (2021): 141. http://dx.doi.org/10.1249/01.mss.0000760768.59763.06.

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Loy, John W., James E. Curtis, and James M. Hillen. "Effects of Formal Structure on Managerial Recruitment: Comparisons of Japanese and North American Professional Baseball Clubs." Sociology of Sport Journal 4, no. 1 (1987): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ssj.4.1.1.

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This paper replicates Grusky’s (1963) study of the playing position-leadership recruitment relationship among North American professional baseball clubs in a different cultural context, comparing it to Japanese professional base-ball organizations over a 40-year period. Overall, the Japanese results are consistent with the North American findings, with the more central or high interaction positions contributing more leaders or field managers. However, the relationship is considerably weaker for the sport in Japan. There were also significant cross-cultural differences in the consequences of pl

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Stambaugh, Jessica, Eric Edmonds, and Andrew Pennock. "ARTHROSCOPIC SHOULDER STABILIZATION IN HIGH SCHOOL FOOTBALL PLAYERS: RECURRENT INSTABILITY WITH RETURN TO CONTACT SPORT." Orthopaedic Journal of Sports Medicine 8, no. 4_suppl3 (2020): 2325967120S0024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2325967120s00247.

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Background: The etiology of recurrent shoulder instability after arthroscopic surgery in the high school American football population remains unknown. Purpose/Hypothesis: To determine the risk of recurrent instability after shoulder arthroscopy upon return to competitive football. The hypothesis was that the rate of recurrence would be greater in high school players with more years of eligibility remaining (YER), suggesting greater likelihood of return to football after surgery. Methods: Consecutive male high school football players with at least one year of eligibility remaining who sustained

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Heintz, Elizabeth C., Derek P. Scott, Kolby R. Simms, and Jeremy J. Foreman. "Air Quality Is Predictive of Mistakes in Professional Baseball and American Football." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 20, no. 1 (2022): 542. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20010542.

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Air quality is a growing environmental concern that has implications for human physical and mental health. While air pollution has been linked to cognitive disease progression and declines in overall health, the impacts of air quality on athletic performance have not been extensively investigated. Much of the previous research focused on endurance sports indicates that air quality negatively impacts athletic performance; however, the effects of air quality on non-endurance elite team performance remains largely unknown. The purpose of this study was to examine the impact of air quality on erro

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Burgos, Adrian. "Samuel O. Regalado. Nikkei Baseball: Japanese American Players from Immigration and Internment to the Major Leagues." American Historical Review 119, no. 1 (2014): 195–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ahr/119.1.195a.

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Gerber, Eric A. E., and Bruce A. Craig. "A mixed effects multinomial logistic-normal model for forecasting baseball performance." Journal of Quantitative Analysis in Sports 17, no. 3 (2021): 221–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jqas-2020-0007.

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Abstract Prediction of player performance is a key component in the construction of baseball team rosters. As a result, most prediction models are the proprietary property of team or industrial sports entities, and little is known about them. Of those models that have been published, the main focus has been to separately model each outcome with nearly no emphasis on uncertainty quantification. This research introduces a joint modeling approach to predict seasonal plate appearance outcome vectors using a mixed-effects multinomial logistic-normal model. This model accounts for positive and negat

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