Academic literature on the topic 'Mexico (Empire, 1864-1867)'

The aim of our study is to examine an interesting period of Mexican history: the empire of Maximilian I, born Archduke Ferdinand Maximilian Joseph of Austria. After a short introduction to the Hungarian historiography of the topic, the 19th century turbulent history of Mexico, the circumstances of the French intervention and the emperor’s ascendance to the throne, we concentrate on the analysis of Maximilian’s attitude towards indigenous people. Influenced by French socialists, Maria Theresa’s illustrated absolutism and contemporary liberalism, the emperor tried to alleviate the painful effects of liberal reforms introduced in 1856. He himself introduced several reforms, especially in land property questions and community rights. He created a protection committee for miserable classes, whose work helped him take several measurements in favour of Mexican indigenous people. Nevertheless, the empire was doomed to fail. Maximilian and his generals were executed in June, 1867, which also meant the end of an important period of battles between liberals and conservatives.

El presente ensayo examina cómo el imperio de Maximiliano intentó construir una legitimidad política a través de una hábil utilización de la imagen, el simbolismo y el ritual. Sostiene que estos esfuerzos fracasaron no porque hubieran sido mal llevados o inapropiados sino debido a lo contencioso de la cultura política mexicana.

Yucatáán's overthrow of the French-sponsored Empire (1864-1867) began under the leadership of a man named Buenaventura Martíínez, a now-forgotten landowner and militia officer from the town of Baca. A detailed reconstruction of Martíínez's life reveals three points. First, his rebellion arose not at the command of national political figures, but instead over local issues and under local leadership. Martíínez belonged to a family of small- to moderate-sized landowners from the town of Baca, he had a history of rebellion against authority figures, and he was able to muster multiethnic support through personal charisma, family connections, and ties of compadrazgo. His revolt built upon popular discontent with Imperial attempts to revive the Caste War. Launching his rebellion in 1866, Martíínez ultimately ceded leadership to the better-known Colonel Manuel Cepeda Peraza, but not before galvanizing Yucatecans to rebellion and constructing the basis of the Republican army. Second, an examination of post-Imperial Baca reveals that Mexico's republican restoration period (1867-1876) for the most part continued the basics of pre-1867 political culture. Third, his story reveals how important actors in Mexican history have been forgotten as national level politics and culture have displaced local memory. The recovery of that local memory, and particular of individuals such as Buenaventura Martíínez, remains critical to a deeper understanding of Mexican history. Le derrota del imperio patrocinado por Francia en Yucatáán empezóó en 1866 bajo el mando de un tal Buenaventura Martíínez, un ahora olvidado propietario y official de milicias del pueblo de Baca. La recononstruccióón detallada de la vida de Martíínez revela tres puntos. En primer lugar, su rebellion no se originóó bajo el mando de las figuras polííticas nacionales, sino en respuesta a los asuntos locales y por el liderazgo - asimismo - local. Martíínez pertencióó a una familia de ha*An cendados de tamañño pequeñño o mediano del pueblo de Baca, tuvo una historia de insubordinacióón hacia las autoridades, y fue capaz de mobilizar apoyo multiéétnico por su carisma personal, sus conecciones familiares, y sus lazos de padrinazgo. Su insurreccióón se aprovechóó del descontento popular por los intentos imperiales de resucitar la Guerra de Castas. Eventualmente Martíínez cedióó el liderazgo al mejor conocido Coronel Manuel Cepeda Peraza, no sin antes haber construíído el ejéército de resistencia al llamar a los yucatecos a tomar armas. En segundo lugar, un anáálisis de Baca pos-imperial demuestra que el perííodo de la restauracióón republicana (1867-1876) por la mayor parte continuóó los puntos báásicos de la cultura políítica anteriores a 1867. En tercer lugar, su historia demuestra como ciertos actores importantes de la historia mexicana han sido olvidados mientras que la políítica y la cultura de nivel nacional han desplazado la memoria local. El recobro de esa memoria local, y especialmente de individuos como Buenaventura Martíínez, es transcendental para una comprensióón máás profunda de la historia mexicana.