Academic literature on the topic 'MFA Incorporated'
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Journal articles on the topic "MFA Incorporated"
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Ando, Kosei, Mayu Mizutani, Keisuke Toba, and Hiroyuki Yamamoto. "Dependence of Poisson’s ratio and Young’s modulus on microfibril angle (MFA) in wood." Holzforschung 72, no. 4 (2018): 321–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hf-2017-0091.
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AbstractMicrofibril angle (MFA) is a major structural variable that describes the fine structure of the cell wall in wood. In this study, the relationships between the MFA of the S2 layer and the Poisson’s ratios and Young’s moduli (modulus of elasticity, MOE) of five wood species (agathis, larch, Japanese cedar, Japanese cypress and ginkgo) were determined by analyzing both their normal and compression woods. It was found that both the longitudinal MOE (MOEL) and MOE of the cell-wall substance (MOEW) decreased with increasing MFA, while the peaks values of Poisson’s ratio (νLT) were obtained at MFAs of ≈25°. In particular, at MFAs lower than 25°, theνLTincreased with increasing MFA, and the opposite relationship was observed at MFA values exceeding 25°. This trend is in good agreement with the estimates obtained based on the theory of orthotropic elasticity with the underlying assumption that the orthotropic elasticity of materials is MFA-dependent. Hence, the MFA parameter incorporated into the orthotropic elasticity theory is useful for determination of the Poisson’s ratio.
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Li, Yao Xiang, and Li Chun Jiang. "Modeling Radial Variation in Microfibril Angle of Scots Pine." Advanced Materials Research 284-286 (July 2011): 1997–2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.284-286.1997.
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Microfibril angle (MFA) was determined at each growth ring from disks at breast height (1.3 m) from four scots pine (Pinus sylvestris) trees grown in northeastern China. Significant variation in microfibril angle was observed among growth rings. MFA at breast height showed a decreasing trend from pith to bark for each tree. The modified logistic model with nonlinear mixed-effects was used for modeling earlywood MFA. The NLME procedure in S-Plus is used to fit the mixed-effects models for the MFA data. The results showed that logistic model with two random parameters and could significantly improve the model performance. The CS, AR(1), MA(1), and ARMA(1,1) correlation structures were incorporated into mixed-effects models. The mixed model with the AR(1), MA(1), and ARMA(1,1) correlation structures improved model performance (P<0.0001).
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Xu, Hui, Yongguo Yang, Xin Wang, Mingming Liu, Hongxia Xie, and Chujiao Wang. "Multiple Kernel Dimensionality Reduction via Ratio-Trace and Marginal Fisher Analysis." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2019 (January 14, 2019): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/6941475.
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Traditional supervised multiple kernel learning (MKL) for dimensionality reduction is generally an extension of kernel discriminant analysis (KDA), which has some restrictive assumptions. In addition, they generally are based on graph embedding framework. A more general multiple kernel-based dimensionality reduction algorithm, called multiple kernel marginal Fisher analysis (MKL-MFA), is presented for supervised nonlinear dimensionality reduction combined with ratio-race optimization problem. MKL-MFA aims at relaxing the restrictive assumption that the data of each class is of a Gaussian distribution and finding an appropriate convex combination of several base kernels. To improve the efficiency of multiple kernel dimensionality reduction, the spectral regression frameworks are incorporated into the optimization model. Furthermore, the optimal weights of predefined base kernels can be obtained by solving a different convex optimization. Experimental results on benchmark datasets demonstrate that MKL-MFA outperforms the state-of-the-art supervised multiple kernel dimensionality reduction methods.
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G. Pinto, Deesy, João Rodrigues, and Luís Bernardo. "A Review on Thermoplastic or Thermosetting Polymeric Matrices Used in Polymeric Composites Manufactured with Banana Fibers from the Pseudostem." Applied Sciences 10, no. 9 (2020): 3023. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10093023.
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Recent manufacturing advancements have led to the fabrication of polymeric composites (PC) reinforced with fibers. However, to reduce the impact on the environment, efforts have been made to replace synthetic fibers (SF) by natural fibers (NF) in many applications. NF, e.g., as banana fibers (BF) possess higher cellulose content, a higher degree of polymerization of cellulose, and a lower microfibrillar angle (MFA), which are crucial factors for the mechanical properties (MP), namely tensile modulus (TM) and tensile strength (TS), and many other properties that make them suitable for the reinforcement of PC. This review paper presents an attempt to highlight some recent findings on the MP of PC reinforced with unmodified or modified BF (UBF, MBF), which were incorporated into unmodified or modified (synthetic (SPM) or a bio (BPM)) polymeric matrices (UPM, MPM). The experimental results from previous studies are presented in terms of the variation in the percentage of the MP and show that BF can improve the MP of PC. The results of such studies suggest the possibility to extend the application of PC reinforced with BF (PCBF) in a wide range, namely from automotive to biomedical fields. The meanings of all the acronyms are listed in the abbreviations section.
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Osteen, Mark. "Becoming Incorporated: Spectacular Authorship and DeLillo's Mao II." MFS Modern Fiction Studies 45, no. 3 (1999): 643–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/mfs.1999.0054.
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Clatterbuck, Richard E., Robert M. Galler, Rafael J. Tamargo, and David J. Chalif. "Orthogonal Interlocking Tandem Clipping Technique for the Reconstruction of Complex Middle Cerebral Artery Aneurysms." Operative Neurosurgery 59, suppl_4 (2006): ONS—347—ONS—352. http://dx.doi.org/10.1227/01.neu.0000222818.42200.bb.
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Abstract OBJECTIVE: Complex aneurysms arising at the middle cerebral artery (MCA) bifurcation frequently present a microsurgical challenge to effectively obliterate while maintaining patency of the distal MCA branches. These aneurysms are often multilobed, with their long axis aligned with the long axis of the M1 trunk, placing the dome of the aneurysm in the surgeons' line of sight, preventing an unobstructed view of the entire bifurcation and proximal M1 segment. MCA aneurysms often have a broad neck, splaying the bifurcation. An orthogonal interlocking tandem clipping technique, maximizing the use of fenestrated aneurysm clips, is presented as a means to completely obliterate the aneurysm and simultaneously “reconstruct” the MCA bifurcation. CLINICAL PRESENTATIONS AND INTERVENTION: Fifteen complex MCA aneurysms were treated using an interlocking tandem clipping technique. In its simplest application, the blades of the initial aneurysm clip are incorporated into the fenestration of the second clip. Obliteration of the residual aneurysm is achieved with the blades of the second, fenestrated clip. RESULTS: Satisfactory aneurysm obliteration and reconstruction of the MCA bifurcation was achieved in all cases using this technique, with excellent neurological outcomes. CONCLUSION: Morphologically complex multilobed MCA aneurysms can be effectively clipped with “reconstruction” of the normal vascular anatomy using a tandem interlocking clipping technique. A fenestrated clip is used to incorporate the blades of the initial clip, while obliterating the remainder of the aneurysm.
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Gupta, Lokendra, IN Aparna, B. Dhanasekar, Sujatha Bhat, and Priyanka Agarwal. "Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Methacrylic Acid incorporated in Conventional Heat-activated Resins." World Journal of Dentistry 8, no. 2 (2017): 129–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1425.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was to evaluate the antifungal activity of heat-activated denture base resins modified with different concentrations of methacrylic acid (MAA). Materials and methods Methyl methacrylate (MMA) monomer of heat-activated resins was modified with different concentrations of MAA (0, 15, 20, and 25%) for the preparation of specimens to evaluate antifungal activity of heat-activated resins. Prepared specimens were stored in distilled water at 37°C for 1 day and 1 week before the evaluation of microbial adhesion. Microbial adhesion of Candida albicans cells to acrylic samples was examined under light microscopy after Gram staining of all the acrylic samples. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance followed by post-hoc Tukey's honest significant difference test. A value of p < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant Results Addition of MAA to the MMA monomer was found to significantly reduce the adhesion of C. albicans for all the groups. Reduction of C. albicans cell adherence was found significant for all three groups (I, II, and III) as compared to control, both at 1 day (p < 0.001) and 1 week (p < 0.001) after storage in distilled water Conclusion Addition of MAA to conventional denture base formulations reduced the adhesion of C. albicans. This method of incorporating antifungal property to denture base resins can effectively be used to reduce denture stomatitis in elderly and immunocompromised patients. How to cite this article Gupta L, Aparna IN, Dhanasekar B, Bhat S, Ginjupalli K, Agarwal P. Evaluation of Antifungal Activity of Methacrylic Acid incorporated in Conventional Heat-activated Resins. World J Dent 2017;8(2):129-133.
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Glover, John. "Information Literacy and Instruction: Embedding Information Literacy in an MFA Novel Workshop." Reference & User Services Quarterly 55, no. 4 (2016): 273. http://dx.doi.org/10.5860/rusq.55n4.273.
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The rise of graduate creative writing programs in the United States during the twentieth century has been well documented. Less well documented is their connection with academic libraries, particularly in terms of their students’ acquisition of research skills. When I was asked by a faculty member to provide in-depth support for the MFA novel writing workshop at Virginia Commonwealth University (VCU), there were a few articles treating this topic, a few references in creative writing pedagogy books, and a couple suggestive course titles listed in MFA program curricula. In 2012–13, I served as the embedded librarian in this year-long workshop. In that role, I worked with the faculty member to develop assignments that helped students to incorporate research into their fiction-writing practice, met with students for two lengthy research workshops, and subsequently met with students individually as their research deepened.
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Figueiredo-Silva, A. Cláudia, Sadasivam Kaushik, Frédéric Terrier, Johan W. Schrama, Françoise Médale, and Inge Geurden. "Link between lipid metabolism and voluntary food intake in rainbow trout fed coconut oil rich in medium-chain TAG." British Journal of Nutrition 107, no. 11 (2011): 1714–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114511004739.
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We examined the long-term effect of feeding coconut oil (CO; rich in lauric acid, C12) on voluntary food intake and nutrient utilisation in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), with particular attention to the metabolic use (storage or oxidation) of ingested medium-chain TAG. Trout were fed for 15 weeks one of the four isoproteic diets containing fish oil (FO) or CO as fat source (FS), incorporated at 5 % (low fat, LF) or 15 % (high fat, HF). Fat level or FS did not modify food intake (g/kg0·8per d), despite higher intestinal cholecystokinin-T mRNA in trout fed the HF-FO diet. The HF diets relative to the LF ones induced higher growth and adiposity, whereas the replacements of FO by CO resulted in similar growth and adiposity. This, together with the substantial retention of C12 (57 % of intake), suggests the relatively low oxidation of ingested C12. The down-regulation of carnitine palmitoyl-transferase-1 (CPT-1) confirms the minor dependency of medium-chain fatty acids (MCFA) on CPT-1 to enter the mitochondria. However, MCFA did not up-regulate mitochondrial oxidation evaluated using hepatic hydroxyacyl-CoA dehydrogenase as a marker, in line with their high retention in body lipids. At a low lipid level, MCFA increased mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase, elongase and stearoyl-CoA desaturase in liver, showing the hepatic activation of fatty acid synthesis pathways by MCFA, reflected by increased 16 : 0, 18 : 0, 16 : 1, 18 : 1 body levels. The high capacity of trout to incorporate and transform C12, rather than to readily oxidise C12, contrasts with data in mammals and may explain the absence of a satiating effect of CO in rainbow trout.
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Awaysheh, Amrou, and Drew Bonfiglio. "Leveraging experiential learning to incorporate social entrepreneurship in MBA programs: A case study." International Journal of Management Education 15, no. 2 (2017): 332–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijme.2017.04.001.
Full textBooks on the topic "MFA Incorporated"
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Lay, Chuck. Proud past, bright future: MFA Incorporated's first 100 years. Donning Company Publishers, 2013.
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Federighi, Paolo, ed. Educazione in età adulta. Firenze University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-752-8.
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Il volume presenta l’esito di una serie di incontri e seminari che, a più livelli, hanno contribuito alla costruzione del Convegno Internazionale La ricerca sull’Educazione in età Adulta nelle università italiane tenutosi all’Università di Firenze il 23 e 24 novembre 2017. I vari contributi hanno provato a dare risposta alla domanda sull’origine e lo sviluppo dell’educazione degli adulti in Italia all’interno dei contesti accademici. Cosa significa occuparsi di tale ambito di ricerca? Le direttrici indagate hanno riflettuto su una molteplicità di approcci di ricerca e hanno ricostruito la varietà delle teorie, dei modelli, degli autori che hanno tratteggiato lo sviluppo della disciplina in Italia negli ultimi cinquant’anni. Tra i temi trattati: accrescimento della qualità educativa dei luoghi di lavoro, comprensione dell’educazione incorporata nei luoghi di lavoro, studio delle finalità dell’educazione nei luoghi formali e informali. Si è giunti così a un tema originalmente rilevato, ma non toccato dalla letteratura nazionale, ovvero la questione delle diseguaglianze e la povertà relativa, fenomeni importanti per comprendere lo sviluppo delle società del futuro.
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Abby Cohen, Smutny, Polášek Petr, and Farrell Chad. Part IV Guide to Key Substantive Issues, 23 The MFN Clause and Its Evolving Boundaries. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/law/9780198758082.003.0023.
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This chapter discusses most-favoured-nation (MFN) clauses from early references in trade agreements to contemporary references in investor-state arbitrations. MFN clauses originated in early international trade practice and have continued to be incorporated in modern trade and investment treaties, both bilateral and multilateral. Their intended purpose is to lessen discrimination and encourage the growth of trade and foreign investment by ensuring that certain defined benefits accorded to one set of States (or their nationals, investments, goods, etc.) are extended to other States (or their nationals, investments, goods, etc.). In the investment treaty context, some commentators have observed that the right to a favourable dispute settlement mechanism is the primary concern of foreign investors, and investors often invoke MFN clauses to secure procedural rights that might otherwise be unavailable to them.
Book chapters on the topic "MFA Incorporated"
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Bonnet, Thomas, Benjamin Mine, and Boris Lubicz. "Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm: Incidental Wide-Necked Aneurysm, MCA Branch Incorporated in the Aneurysm Base, and Treatment with Stent-Assisted Coiling Technique." In The Aneurysm Casebook. Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-77827-3_72.
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Bonnet, Thomas, Benjamin Mine, and Boris Lubicz. "Middle Cerebral Artery Bifurcation Aneurysm: Incidental Wide-Necked Aneurysm, MCA Branch Incorporated in the Aneurysm Base, and Treatment with Stent-Assisted Coiling Technique." In The Aneurysm Casebook. Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-70267-4_72-1.
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Killmann, Bernd-Roland. "Article 312 TFEU." In The EU Treaties and the Charter of Fundamental Rights. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198759393.003.464.
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Mei, Newton, and Ashwini D. Sharan. "Perioperative Optimization of Pain Control in Patients Undergoing Spinal Surgery Using Multimodal Analgesia." In Medical Management of Neurosurgical Patients. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190913779.003.0012.
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Inadequate pain control in patients with spinal pathology and after spine surgery not only places the patient at risk for a myriad of complications, but it also depletes healthcare resources. To be able to optimize pain relief in spine patients, the healthcare provider needs to understand the complexity of the underlying pain and be well versed in the medications that have been shown through research to provide significant analgesic relief. Multimodal analgesia (MMA) has gained popularity in recent years for its ability to synergistically treat pain using a variety of biochemical pathways, and its use has been applied across a variety of surgical procedures. In spine patients, evidence has identified gabapentinoids, NSAIDs, acetaminophen, ketamine, neuraxial anesthesia, and local anesthesia to be effective analgesic agents that should be considered for inclusion in MMA to manage pain in spine patients. As the literature continues to evolve, new agents such as dexamethasone and methadone may be added to the spine MMA repertoire. Furthermore, MMA should be customized to fit the patient, taking into account the patient’s age, medical comorbidities, allergies, and possible interactions with other prior medications. This general overview highlights the medications that should be incorporated in a spine patient’s MMA and recommends a basic algorithmic approach to developing a MMA to treat spine patients.
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Parkar, Shalaka Sudhir. "Revamping Pedagogies in Indian B-Schools to Create Global Leaders." In Management Education for Global Leadership. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1013-0.ch003.
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Recent study depicts that only 10% MBA graduates in India are employable due to lack of employability skills and excess supply. In a mad rush of the Indian B-Schools to match up with the industry standards for placements, they have ignored to incorporate a few crucial aspects as a part of their curriculum viz: pedagogies imparting practical knowledge to the MBA students and Employability Skills like Soft Skills, Communication Skills in English, Image Management and also ways to test their troubleshooting capabilities. Instead focus is on extending regular dose of theoretical knowledge in classrooms, which is often restricted to solving case studies from the prescribed text books. Serious re-thought needs to be given by the academic leaders of the B-schools, allied universities and the regulatory bodies to the revamping of the currently prescribed curriculum and pedagogy, in order to produce graduates who are skilled global leaders.
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Esquivel, Mariana I. Vergara, Barbara Wallace, Apeksha Mewani, et al. "Conflict Resolution and Leadership Mindfulness into Action (MIA) for Cultural Humility and Awareness (MIA-CHA)." In Encyclopedia of Strategic Leadership and Management. IGI Global, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-1049-9.ch006.
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Mindfulness into Action (MIA) for Cultural Humility and Awareness (MIA-CHA) has the two main aims: 1) training students in how to be transformational leaders who are capable of addressing and resolving tension around diversity issues within organizations/ communities/ societies, as they emerge skilled in ending microaggressions (Pierce, 1995; Sue et al, 2007) and fostering cross-cultural harmony; and, 2) training students to emerge as competent researchers who may contribute data regarding the utility of MIA-CHA for ending microaggressions and promoting cultural humility and awareness to meet contemporary diversity challenges. The anticipated result is a new generation of researchers and new era of grant-funded research that pioneers MIA-CHA for ending microaggressions and fostering harmony. Through participation in a leadership skills development methodology (chapter 31) that incorporates indigenous knowledge and organizational learning techniques, students gradually become more aware of their own unconscious behaviors, more in tune with the people surrounding them, and increasingly skillful in engaging in conscious and intentional action. They become what Boyatzis and Mckee (2005) call “resonant leaders.” This means that they are capable of achieving a new awareness that is vital in cross-cultural interactions: i.e. the ability to connect with their thoughts, emotions, and hearts in ways that enable them to counteract the destructive effects of stress, dissonance, and self-limiting mindsets often associated with contemporary diversity challenges; and, instead, they learn to nurture the development of sustainable, harmonious, and high functioning relationships shared among the diverse membership of organizations and communities. Further, they enter into a process that is consistent with learning cultural humility, as a valued construct in the discourse on achieving cultural competence (Tervaln & Murray-Garcia, 1998; Waters & Asbill, 2013; Hook et al, 2013). This is virtually the process described by Wallace (2008), as shifting from hierarchical authority (A/B) in interpersonal and organizational relationships to non-hierarchical equality (A=B). In similar way, Participatory Action Research (PAR) is doing research with people rather than on them (Fals Borda, 1979; Heron, 1996; Heron & Reason 1997; Reason 1996, 1988; Reason & Bradbury, 2010).
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Abdul Muqeet, Mohd, and Qazi Mateenuddin Hameeduddin. "Face Identification Using LBP-Based Improved Directional Wavelet Transform." In Biometric Systems [Working Title]. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93445.
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Face identification is the most active area of research in computer vision and biometric authentication. Various face identification methods are developed over the time, still, numerous facial appearances are needed to cope with such as facial expression, pose, and illumination variation. Moreover, faces captured in unrestrained situations also impose immense concern in designing effective face identification methods. It is desirable to extract robust local descriptive features to effectively characterize such facial variations both in unrestrained and restrained situations. This chapter discusses such a face identification method that incorporate a popular local descriptor such as local binary patterns (LBP) based on the improved directional wavelet transform (IDW) method to extract facial features. This designed method is applied to complex face databases such as CASIA-WebFace and LFW which consists of a large number of face images collected under an unrestrained environment with extreme facial variations in expression, pose, and illumination. Experiments and comparison with various methods which include not only the local descriptive methods but also local descriptive-based multiresolution analysis (MRA) based methods demonstrate the efficacy of the LBP-based IDW method.
Conference papers on the topic "MFA Incorporated"
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Clapham, Lynann, Vijay Babbar, and Alex Rubinshteyn. "Understanding Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals From Dents." In 2006 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2006-10043.
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The Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique is sensitive both to pipe wall geometry and pipe wall stresses, therefore MFL inspection tools have the potential to locate and characterize mechanical damage in pipelines. However, the combined influence of stress and geometry make MFL signal interpretation difficult for a number of reasons: 1) the MFL signal from mechanical damage is a superposition of geometrical and stress effects, 2) the stress distribution around a mechanically damaged region is very complex, consisting of plastic deformation and residual (elastic) stresses, 3) the effect of stress on magnetic behaviour is not well understood. Accurate magnetic models that can incorporate both stress and geometry effects are essential in order to understand MFL signals from dents. This paper reports on work where FEA magnetic modeling is combined with experimental studies to better understand dents from MFL signals. In experimental studies, mechanical damage was simulated using a tool and die press to produce dents of varying aspect ratios (1:1, 2:1, 4:1), orientations (axial, circumferential) and depths (3–8 mm) in plate samples. MFL measurements were made before and after selective stress-relieving heat treatments. These annealing treatments enabled the stress and geometry components of the MFL signal to be separated. Geometry and stress ‘peaks’ tend in most cases to overlap — however stress features are most prominent in the dent rim region and geometry peaks over central region. In general the geometry signal scales directly with depth. The stress scales less significantly with depth. As a result deep dents will display a ‘geometry’ signature while in shallow dents the stress signature will dominate. In the finite element analysis work, stress was incorporated by modifying the magnetic permeability in the residual stress regions of the modeled dent. Both stress and geometry contributions to the MFL signal were examined separately. Despite using a number of simplifying assumptions, the modeled results matched the experimental results very closely, and were used to aid in interpretation of the MFL signals.
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Clapham, Lynann, Vijay Babbar, Kris Marble, Alex Rubinshteyn, and Mures Zarea. "Modelling Magnetic Flux Leakage Signals From Dents." In 2008 7th International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2008-64278.
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The Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) technique is sensitive both to pipe wall geometry and pipe wall strain, therefore MFL inspection tools have the potential to locate and characterize mechanical damage in pipelines. However, the combined influence of strain and geometry makes MFL signals from dents and gouges difficult to interpret for a number of reasons: 1) the MFL signal from mechanical damage is a superposition of geometrical and strain effects, 2) the strain distribution around a mechanically damaged region can be very complex, often consisting of plastic deformation and residual (elastic) strain, 3) the effect of strain on magnetic behaviour is not well understood. Accurate magnetic models that can incorporate both strain and geometry effects are essential in order to understand MFL signals from mechanical damage. This paper reviews work conducted over the past few years involving magnetic finite element analysis (FEA) modeling of MFL dent signals and comparison with experimental results obtained both from laboratory-dented samples and dented pipe sections.
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Puffer, Raymond H., and Glen H. Hoppes. "Development of a Flexible Pilot High Temperature MEA Manufacturing Line." In ASME 2004 2nd International Conference on Fuel Cell Science, Engineering and Technology. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fuelcell2004-2523.
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Despite the fact that the invention of the fuel cell is more than 160 years old, the fuel cell industry today is still in its infancy. While there are many large companies active in the industry, it is, for the most part, dominated by many small and startup companies focused on the design and development of fuel cell systems. Relatively little attention has been given to the cost effective high-volume (i.e., automated) manufacture of the resulting systems and components. If the wide spread commercial use of fuel cells is to become a reality, and we are to realize the potential benefits to our environment and mankind it is essential that we also put the appropriate level of attention on the enabling manufacturing technologies. Celanese Ventures GmbH is a “new venture” arm of Celanese AG, located in Frankfurt, Germany. They are focused on developing the market for their high temperature polybenzimidazole (PBI®)-based membrane material for use in Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) fuel cells. Several years ago Celanese realized that the best way to ensure the market for their membrane material is to develop the capability to produce complete membrane electrode assemblies (MEAs) that can be incorporated into fuel cell systems being developed by other companies. Furthermore, such value-added processing can be economically advantageous. This paper will describe the multi-phased collaboration between Celanese, the Flexible Manufacturing Center (FMC) located at Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute (RPI), and Progressive Machine and Design (PMD) to develop a fully automated high temperature MEA pilot manufacturing line that began operation in September, 2002. The FMC has and continues to serve in a unique role for a university research center. The FMC has been involved in the concept development, laboratory proof of principle, acquisition management, technical representation during the design, build and implementation phases, and the ongoing optimization of and improvements to the operational pilot line. We will describe the unique properties of the high temperature PBI® membrane and the benefits of this form of membrane in PEM fuel cell operations. The specific role of the FMC during each phase of the project will be highlighted, and a description of the resulting pilot line will be provided. Finally, we will discuss the important role that effective technology transfer plays in a project with the magnitude and complexity described herein.
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Greenstein, Abraham, Yeny Hudiono, Sankar Nair, and Samuel Graham. "Modeling Lattice Dynamics and Heat Capacities of Zeolites." In ASME 2006 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2006-14168.
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A theoretical study of the heat capacities of Quartz, zeolite MTT, and zeolite MFI is presented. The technique used to calculate the heat capacity can be applied to a many dielectrics, even those that are highly anisotropic, with complex crystal structures. For the aforementioned materials the assumptions used in Debye theory are too restrictive, the methodology presented in this paper uses a full set of dispersion relations obtained from atomistic simulation. Agreement with experiment for all materials studied is excellent, with the exceptions of temperature regions where phase transitions occur. The methodology that is used was developed with thermal conductivity in mind. It is hoped that this model will be smoothly incorporated into future conductivity models. Additionally, the effect of Al substitution on the heat capacity of MFI is investigated. It is predicted that aluminum substitution has a miniscule effect on the heat capacity of MFI.
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Oliver, William, David F. Marran, Martin L. Spartz, John C. Y. Lee, and Waseem Nazeer. "Evaluation of the MKS On-Line FTIR MultiGas™ Analyzer for Gas Turbine Applications." In ASME Turbo Expo 2003, collocated with the 2003 International Joint Power Generation Conference. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2003-38656.
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A side-by-side comparison between the MKS On-Line MultiGas™ analyzer (MGA) and conventional continuous emissions monitoring systems (CEMS) was performed under various test rig operating conditions at Solar Turbines Incorporated (Solar). The CEMS used an array of single gas analyzers (SGA’s) to measure NOX, CO, CO2, O2 and UHC (unburned hydrocarbons). The MGA, which uses Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometry to make its measurements, simultaneously analyzed the exhaust stream for ten compounds: NO, NO2, CO, CO2, H2O, CH4, H2CO (formaldehyde), N2O, SO2, and NH3. Both dry and wet samples were collected using the MGA. The only calibration grade gas required was nitrogen, which was used as a zero (or purge) gas. Overall, the comparison between the CEMS and the MGA was very favorable, with the NO emissions within 0.1 ppmV (∼5%) and CO2 emissions within about 6% of each other. Larger differences were observed for NO2 and CO, but were most likely caused by sensor sensitivity range and sample handling problems with the in-house conventional CEMS.
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Zhou, Qi, Yan Wang, Seung-Kyum Choi, and Ping Jiang. "An On-Line Multi-Fidelity Metamodel Assisted Multi-Objective Genetic Algorithm." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-67813.
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Multi-objective genetic algorithms, which require a large number of fitness evaluations before obtaining a Pareto set, can become computationally intractable when applied to practical engineering design problems involving computationally expensive simulations. In this work, an on-line multi-fidelity metamodel (MFM) assisted multi-objective genetic algorithm (OLMFM-MOGA) approach is proposed, in which the MFM that can integrate information from both low-fidelity (LF) and high-fidelity (HF) models is constructed to replace the fitness evaluations during the optimization process. Two model management strategies, an individual-based updating strategy considering the interpolation uncertainty from MFM and a generation-based updating strategy considering the discrete degree of the populations, are incorporated in the OLMFM-MOGA. Three numerical examples and an engineering case with different degrees of complexity are used to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach. Results show that the proposed OLMFM-MOGA is able to obtain similar convergence and diversity of the Pareto frontier to the ones obtained by MOGA with only HF information, while at the same time significantly reducing the number of evaluations of the expensive HF model.
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Clapham, Lynann, Vijay Babbar, and James Byrne. "Detection of Mechanical Damage Using the Magnetic Flux Leakage Technique." In 2004 International Pipeline Conference. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2004-0006.
Full textAbstract:
Since magnetism is strongly stress dependent, Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) inspection tools have the potential to locate and characterize mechanical damage in pipelines. However, MFL application to mechanical damage detection faces hurdles which make signal interpretation problematic: 1) the MFL signal is a superposition of geometrical and stress effects, 2) the stress distribution around a mechanically damaged region is very complex, consisting of plastic deformation and residual (elastic) stresses, 3) the effect of stress on magnetic behaviour is not well understood. This paper summarizes recent results of experimental and modeling studies of MFL signals resulting from mechanical damage. In experimental studies, mechanical damage was simulated using a tool and die press to produce dents of varying depths in plate samples. Radial component MFL measurements were made before and after selective stress-relieving heat treatments. These annealing treatments enabled the stress and geometry components of the MFL signal to be separated. Geometry and stress effects generate separate MFL peaks — the geometry effects lead to central peak regions while the stress effects produce ‘shoulder’ peaks. In general the geometry peaks tend to scale with depth, while the shoulder peaks remain approximately constant. This implies that deep dents will display a ‘geometry’ signature while shallow or rerounded dents will have a stress signature. Finally, the influence of other parameters such as flux density and topside/bottomside inspection was also quantified. In the finite element analysis work, stress was incorporated by modifying the magnetic permeability in the residual stress regions of the modeled dent. Both stress and geometry contributions to the MFL signal were examined separately. Despite using a number of simplifying assumptions, the modeled results matched the experimental results very closely, and were used to aid in interpretation of the MFL signals.
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Shah, Chirag S., Matthew J. Mason, King H. Yang, et al. "High-Speed Biaxial Tissue Properties of the Human Cadaver Aorta." In ASME 2005 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2005-82085.
Full textAbstract:
Traumatic rupture of the aorta (TRA) is one of the leading causes of mortality in automobile crashes. Finite element (FE) modeling, used in conjunction with laboratory experiments, has emerged as increasingly important tool to understand the mechanisms of TRA. Appropriate material modeling of the aorta is a key aspect of such efforts. The current study focuses on obtaining biaxial mechanical properties of aorta tissue at strain rates typically experienced during automotive crashes. Five descending thoracic aorta samples from human cadavers were harvested in a cruciate shape. The samples were subjected to equibiaxial stretch at a strain rate of 44 s−1 using a new biaxial tissue-testing device. Inertially compensated loads were measured. High-speed videography was used to track ink dots marked on the center of each sample to obtain strain. The aorta tissue exhibited anisotropic and nonlinear behavior. The tissue was stiffer in the circumferential direction with a modulus of 10.64 MPa compared to 7.94 MPa in longitudinal direction. The peak stresses along the circumferential and longitudinal directions were found to be 1.89 MPa and 1.76 MPa, respectively. The tissue behavior can be used to develop a better constitutive representation of the aorta, which can be incorporated into FE models of the aorta.
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Parmar, G., D. B. Hiemstra, Y. Chen, and S. Awtar. "A Moving Magnet Actuator for Large Range Nanopositioning." In ASME 2011 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference and Bath/ASME Symposium on Fluid Power and Motion Control. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2011-6153.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper, we present the design, fabrication, and testing of a moving magnet actuator (MMA) for large range (∼10mm) nanopositioning. MMAs are direct-drive, single-phase electromagnetic linear actuators that provide frictionless and backlash-free motion. These qualities, along with an adequate motion range, make MMAs promising candidates for large range nanopositioning. In this work, we identify actuator- and system-level performance criteria and associated design tradeoffs, and use this knowledge to systematically and concurrently design an MMA and a double parallelogram flexure bearing. The resulting actuator provides a force output per unit square root power of 4.56N/W, better than 9% force uniformity with respect to stroke, and a low moving mass of 106g. An integrated thermal management system is also incorporated as part of the actuator in order to mitigate the heat dissipated from the MMA coils. The overall single-axis motion system was fabricated and tested to demonstrate a 36Hz open-loop bandwidth and less than 4nm (RMS) steady-state positioning noise over a 10mm motion range. Preliminary closed-loop design and testing highlight the potential of the proposed actuator in nanopositioning.
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Rink, K. K., and A. H. Lefebvre. "Influence of Fuel Composition and Spray Characteristics on Nitric Oxide Formation." In ASME 1989 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/89-gt-262.
Full textAbstract:
Measurements of nitric oxide emissions are carried out on a continuous flow combustor when operating over wide ranges of fuel/air ratio at pressures up to 1.52 MPa (15 atmos). Fuel is supplied to the flame zone from a circular array of 30 equispaced miniature airblast atomizers which is incorporated into a perforated-plate flameholder. Standard instrumentation and sampling techniques are used to measure pollutant emissions over wide ranges of mean fuel drop size. The results obtained with several selected fuels demonstrate the effects of variations in fuel composition, fuel drop size, and combustor operating conditions on nitric oxide emissions.