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Journal articles on the topic "MFA period"
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Manoj, Greeshma, and S. Muraleedharan. "Productivity of Indian Textile Industry in the Post Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) Regime." Asian Review of Social Sciences 8, no. 1 (2019): 123–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.51983/arss-2019.8.1.1507.
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The system of bilateral quotas which had governed the international trade in textiles and clothing under the Multi Fibre Agreement came to an end and has been replaced by the Agreement on Textiles and Clothing (ATC) from January 1, 2005. The ATC provided for a progressive elimination of quota in four stages during the transitional period which ended on 2005. This study is an attempt to understand the impact of trade liberalization on the productivity of Indian textile industry. Estimation of labour productivity shows an improvement in the labour productivity during the post MFA period. Analysis of capital productivity reveals that average capital productivity was higher during the pre MFA period compared to post MFA period. Capital intensity estimate reveals that there has been an increase in the capital intensity for all product groups in the post MFA period compared to pre MFA.
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Cai, Ji Wei, Shao Bo Zhang, Ming Kai Zhou, and Bei Xing Li. "Effects of Limestone Powder in Manufactured Fine Aggregate on Early Hydration Process and Types of Cement Hydrates." Key Engineering Materials 405-406 (January 2009): 262–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.405-406.262.
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The crusher dust in Manufactured fine aggregate (MFA), e.g. limestone powder in calcareous MFA, constitutes micro gradation of the aggregate and suitable content of crusher dust in MFA can improve the properties of concretes. In this paper, early hydration processes of samples substituting limestone powder and fly ash for part of cement are analyzed, and effects of limestone powder on cement hydrates are studied through experiment of mortar prepared with MFA partially replaced by limestone powder and fly ash. The result reveals that both the dormant period and acceleration period of hydration ended earlier in the samples substituting limestone powder for part of cement, and amount of crystals of calcium hydroxide and hydrated calcium carboaluminate increases in hardened paste in the samples substituting limestone powder for part of MFA, i.e. calcareous dust (limestone powder) in MFA can stimulate and enhance hydration of cement.
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Manoj, Greeshma. "Export performance of Indian Textile Industry in the Post Multi Fibre Agreement Regime." Artha - Journal of Social Sciences 13, no. 4 (2014): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.12724/ajss.31.5.
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The Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) and the quota system which governed the international trade in textiles and clothing came to an end on 1st January, 2005. The quota systems were more restrictive against cotton based fibres, which dominate India’s textile exports. Since India has a natural comparative advantage in cotton and cotton based fibres, abolition of MFA was expected to benefit India’s cotton industry as well as cotton based textiles and clothing sectors. This paper analyses the export performance of Indian textile industry in the post quota regime in terms of different sub sectors of Indian textiles during the period from 1992 to 2012.The entire period of the study is divided into Pre MFA (1992-2004) and Post MFA (2005-2012). Export performance has been examined in terms of annual growth rate and Compound Annual Growth Rate for the period from 1992-2012. The study finds that the textile exports have registered a strong growth rate in the post quota period (2005-2006), increasing from 2.69% in 2004-2005 to 23.14% in 2005-2006. A comparison of the different sectors of the textile export shows that all the sectors recorded an increase in the export values at different phases of the quota removal. If we compare the pre MFA growth (III Phase) and Post MFA growth (IV Phase), there has been a remarkable improvement in the export performance of all the sub sectors. Biggest gainer in the post MFA period is manmade textiles followed by cotton textiles and readymade garments. But India was not able to continue the same momentum in the succeeding years. This clearly indicates that Indian textile industry is facing so many challenges in the post quota regime. Thus, it is imperative to improve the competitiveness of our exports through policy changes, new investment and efficient supply chain management. Keywords: Textiles and clothing, Quota removal, MFA, Export performance, Trend analysis.
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Girish, Kumar Gupta, and Khan Mohd.Asif. "Economic Viability of Indian Textile Industry: An Empirical Analysis." RESEARCH REVIEW International Journal of Multidisciplinary 03, no. 10 (2018): 613–16. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1472974.
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In this paper, an attempt has been made to investigate the concept of economic viability of Indian textile and clothing industry through the some ratios designed by the authors. The study compares the period which is significant in the textile world as Pre MFA period and Post MFA period. This period is significant in the sense that since 1 Jan. 2005, the world is open for textile trade without any quantitative restrictions. The no. of studies are devoted to measure the competitiveness of this industry but no study was found to measure the economic viability of this industry. This is noteworthy aspect that economic viability and competitiveness cannot be separated from each other and if the industry has poor economic viability, the expectation of better competitive strength is just a dream. The study tried to reveals that what is economic viability is? How can it be measured? and is there any significant difference in economic viability of this industry between pre and post MFA period. The finding showed although some ratios showed positive trends, the overall economic viability of Indian textile and clothing industry is falling down.
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Pittaluga, Alejandro, and Alejandro E. Relling. "233 Inclusion of a multispecies fungal feed additive in forage-based diets fed to beef cattle: Effects on growth performance and ruminal fermentation." Journal of Animal Science 102, Supplement_2 (2024): 214–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jas/skae102.243.
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Abstract The objective was to evaluate the effect of adding a multispecies fungal feed additive (MFA; Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus oryzae) to forage-based diets fed to beef cattle on growth performance and ruminal fermentation. Experiment 1 evaluated the effect of supplementing Angus × SimAngus-crossbred steers [n = 80; initial body weight (BW) = 370 ± 44 kg] with varying doses of an MFA in a randomized complete block design. Steers were blocked by BW and housed in 8 feedlot pens (randomly assigned 2 pens per treatment) where a hay-based diet was fed for 122 d. The hay-based diet was offered with the inclusion of the MFA at 0.02, 0.04, and 0.08 % of the diet dry matter (DM), or without the inclusion of the MFA (CON). Steers were weighed at 28-d intervals. For experiment 2, ruminally cannulated Angus × SimAngus cows (n = 4; initial BW = 569 ± 21 kg) were used in a crossover design with two 21-d study periods to evaluate the effect of dietary inclusion of an MFA on in situ digestion and rumen metabolites. Treatments consisted of a forage-based diet with (WFA) or without (CON) the inclusion of the MFA. In situ digestion was evaluated on d 5, 10, and 20 throughout each period. In-situ bags were incubated in the rumen for 0 to 36 h, sampling every 4 h. On d 20, samples of ruminal fluid were collected to analyze short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) concentration. All data were analyzed using the PROC MIXED procedure of SAS. For experiment 1, a polynomial contrast was used. For experiment 2, the interaction between period and treatment was not significant (P > 0.45). In Experiment 1, the final BW, average daily gain (ADG), and gain to feed ratio (G:F) changed cubically (P ≤ 0.04; Table 1) as dietary inclusion of the MFA increased. Steers supplemented with the MFA at a rate of 0.02% of the diet DM were heavier at the end of the 122-d study period and had the greatest ADG and G:F among treatments. No differences between treatments (P ≥ 0.37) were observed for dry matter intake. In Experiment 2, no treatment × time interactions and treatment effects were detected (P ≥ 0.17; Table 2) for the in-situ disappearance rate and degradation kinetics of the diet DM, neutral detergent fiber, and acid detergent fiber. In addition, MFA supplementation did not affect (P ≥ 0.13; Table 3) the SCFA profile and the total SCFA content in the rumen fluid. Results from these studies indicate that dietary inclusion of an MFA might be an effective alternative to increase the feed efficiency of beef cattle-fed forage-based diets. However, the precise mode of action warrants further investigations.
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Ierardi, Elena, Marta Bottini, Melania Facchinetti, and Cristina Riva Crugnola. "Maternal Anxiety, Depression, Alexithymia, and Social Support: Association With Maternal-Fetal Attachment in Pregnancy." International Journal of Childbirth 12, no. 2 (2022): 67–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ijc-2021-0047.
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BACKGROUNDMaternal-fetal attachment (MFA) is the emotional bond between a mother and her fetus and is influenced by numerous risk and protective factors during pregnancy. However, according to the literature, the results relating to the influence of these factors are mixed.METHODThe aim of the study is to identify the relationship between MFA and maternal distress, evaluated as maternal depression and anxiety, alexithymia, and perceived social support during the prenatal period in an Italian community sample. Ninety-four pregnant women completed self-report questionnaires.RESULTSResults showed that total MFA was negatively associated with maternal anxiety and alexithymia and was positively associated with social support. Moreover, maternal depression was negatively associated with the quality subscale of MFA The quality subscale of MFA was negatively associated with maternal state and trait anxiety and alexithymia and was positively associated with social support. The intensity subscale of MFA was positively associated with social support. Multiple regression showed that alexithymia and social support predicted MFA with a higher effect than maternal depression and anxiety.CONCLUSIONSThe results are useful for planning interventions aimed at supporting the mother-infant bond starting from pregnancy.
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Dr., Mohammad Moniruzzaman, Kaniz Fatema Dr., A. K. M. Golam Rabbani Mondal Dr., and Md. Amzad Hossain Dr. "The Relationship between Growth and Quota Restrictions Concerning the Textile and Clothing Industry: A Study on RMG Sector of Bangladesh." Journal of Economics, Finance And Management Studies 07, no. 08 (2024): 4834–47. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13253464.
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The textile and clothing industry plays a significant role in the economy of Bangladesh. At present, the export performance of the readymade garment sector is more than 80% of total exports and hence made about 12% of GDP in Bangladesh. Thus, the development of our country largely depends on this sector, and it is considered as the backbone of our country. As the quota system under the Multi-Fiber Agreement phase had a great impact on the development process of the readymade garment sector in Bangladesh, the aim of this study is to find out the relationship between quota restriction and the growth of the readymade garment sector. For this purpose, the research has covered a period of twenty-four years as sample size, where 12 years has been considered as pre-MFA periods and 12 years as post-MFA period. Though this study is quantitative in nature, Descriptive statistics and Multiple Regression Analysis Techniques have been used to find out the relationship between quota restriction and the growth performance of Bangladesh's textile and clothing industry throughout this study period. At this point, the Multiple Regression Analysis Technique has been used for testing the dependency of Bangladesh RMG export amount on the Annual GDP, Exchange Rate, Employment in Million Workers and No. of garment factories throughout these periods. This regression analysis technique was tested with SPSS software and results showed the most significant factors affecting the export of Bangladesh RMG sector during the Pre and Post MFA periods. The evidence also showed no statistically significant relationship between the quota restriction and the growth of the Readymade Garments sector in Bangladesh. Therefore, by considering the significance of this sector in our economy and for the long run sustainability in this competitive world the textile and clothing industry in Bangladesh must meet the challenges appearing throughout this period.
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Madikizela, Phindile, Chidinma Iheanetu, Richard Laubscher, Jonathan Britton, and Roman Tandlich. "Assessment of Alkali Modified Coal Fly Ash As a Potential Pit Latrine Additive for Elimination of Pathogens Using Synthetic Faeces As Proxy." Journal of Solid Waste Technology and Management 48, no. 1 (2022): 75–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5276/jswtm/2022.75.
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In this study, alkali modified coal fly ash (MFA) and unmodified coal fly ash (unMFA) were applied, as pit latrine additives to eliminate faecal coliforms from synthetic faeces (SF), which were used as a proxy for real pit latrine waste. The X-ray diffractogram spectrum showed that mullite and quartz were converted into hydroxysilicate. Two separate studies were run over a period of seven weeks. The first study had the treatment combinations of SF: MFA, SF: unMFA, SF: MFA: synthetic greywater (SGW), SF: unMFA: SGW, SF: MFA: synthetic urine (SU), SF: unMFA: SU and SF (as a control) while the second study consisted of the combinations of SF: MFA, SF: unMFA, SF: MFA: lime (6g), SF: unMFA: lime (12g), SF: MFA: lime (24g), SF: unMFA: lime (50g) respectively. The pH in both studies ranged between 7.07 and 12.38. The average initial concentrations of faecal coliforms from each of the experimental treatments ranged from 9.96 x 106 to 1.06 x107 ± 2 x106 cfu/g of dry weight on the first day of the experiment. However, they were removed completely after 7 days with no regrowth for a period of 7 weeks indicating removal of faecal coliforms to level below the detection limits of the enumeration technique used. On the first study on the fourth week, faecal coliforms reappeared in the pit latrine treatment SF: MFA: SU (5.60 x 105 ± 8.66 x 105 cfu/g dry weight) followed by SF: MFA (1.78 x 105 ± 2.89 x 105 cfu/g dry weight) but thereafter could not be detected (detection limit was 545 cfu/ g dry weight of SF) for the remainder of the study. The concentration of chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium, phosphate ranged between 6.35 x102 ± 1.26x102 – 22.11 x102, 0.116±0.091 – 21.38 x102 ± 1.77x102 and 1.35x102 ±0.348 – 31.18x102 ±0.348 mg/g of dry weight respectively while nitrate concentration was zero. In conclusion, both studies showed that MFA and unMFA can be used as pit latrine additives for the removal of pathogenic microorganisms, however, the contents of the pit latrine might have an influence on how fast and effective the additive might be as shown in the first study where SU or SGW were introduced.
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Dikshit, J. R., P. C. Basak, and Kamal Vagrecha. "Impact of World Trade Organization on Indian Textile Industry." Global Journal of Enterprise Information System 7, no. 1 (2015): 35. http://dx.doi.org/10.18311/gjeis/2015/3033.
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<p>No country in the world is self-sufficient. Therefore, there is need to trade with others. Economy was protected from external competition due to licensing system and high level of tariff.</p><p>In early 1990's with the birth of World Trade Organization (WTO) India started the process of liberalization of trade. WTO's objective is to ensure new open world trading system to benefit consumers. The Most Favoured Nation clause of WTO was in clash with the Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA), which placed quantitative restrictions on textile exporting countries. Hence MFA was gradually phased out by December 31, 2004.</p><p>The phasing out of Multi Fibre Agreement (MFA) was expected to result in an increase in the growth of output, efficiency, productivity and competitiveness of the textile sector.</p><p>The impact of abolition of MFA is studied with regard to export of yarn, fabric, and garments during MFA and Post MFA period. It has been concluded from the observations that the export of textile intermediates (i.e. yarn and fabric) and textiles and clothing have increased substantially after the abolition of MFA.</p>
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Borges Rubin, Bárbara, Jéssica Puchalski Trettim, Carolina Coelho Scholl, et al. "Maternal-fetal attachment and social-emotional development in infants at 3 months of age: A population-based study in southern Brazil." Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships 16, no. 2 (2022): 260–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/ijpr.6693.
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Studies relate Maternal-Fetal Attachment (MFA) to delays in child development, however, the relationship with the social-emotional development is still unclear. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the association between MFA and social-emotional development in infants at 3 months old, in a population-based sample in southern Brazil. This was a follow-up study corresponding to second and third wave of a population-based cohort study with pregnant women who were living in Pelotas (Southern Brazil). Social-emotional development was assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant Development - Third Edition (BSID-III) and MFA was measured with the Maternal-Fetal Attachment Scale (MFAS). The sample consisted of 702 mother-infant dyads. In the adjusted analysis, MFA was a predictor of social-emotional development, even when controlled for sociodemographic, maternal mental health and infant characteristics. Thus, with each increase to one point in the MFA score, there was an increase of β = 0.14, 95% CI [0.05, 0.23] in the social-emotional development score. These findings highlight the importance of MFA in early child development. Thus, infants with positive experiences of affection since the gestational period will be able to develop positive social and emotional health.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "MFA period"
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Alam, Md Samsul. "Development of the Apparel Industry in Major Apparel Exporters." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/365842.
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The apparel (garment or clothing) industry is probably the most important globalized industry in many developing economies due to its immense positive impact on economic growth through export revenues. The sector is also viewed as an entry into formal employment for the unskilled, uneducated and the poor workforce, particularly for women, because of its relatively low-technology and high labour-intensive nature. Therefore, the apparel industry is considered essential for the socio-economic development of many developing countries. Considering the increasing importance of the apparel industry, this thesis is undertaken to investigate four inter-connected aspects on the development of the apparel industry that are unexplored in the literature. Part 1 of the thesis deals with the determinants of apparel exports at firm-level during the post Multi-Fibre Arrangements (MFA) period (2005 − 2014). It was widely predicted that the MFA abolition would cause a decline in the apparel exports of some vulnerable developing countries such as Bangladesh, the Philippines, and Vietnam because these countries may not be able to compete with China and India in the post-MFA free-competition markets. However, performance in the post-MFA shows that some developing countries such as Bangladesh and Vietnam managed to sustain growth, while some other countries such as the Philippines and Mexico experienced a decline in apparel exports.<br>Thesis (PhD Doctorate)<br>Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)<br>Griffith Business School<br>Griffith Business School<br>Full Text
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SUN, JIAN. "VISUALIZATIONS OF PERIODIC ORBIT OF ORDINARY DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2002. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1012855340.
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Osmond, Kensington. "Representation of U.S. Minority Groups in the Marriage and Family Therapy Literature Over an 18-Year Period: A Content Analysis." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2020. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/8663.
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Research relevant to the unique needs and experiences of racial/ethnic/cultural (REC) minority groups in social science literature is essential to the work of policymakers and clinical practitioners. However, the social sciences have traditionally failed to publish a sufficient number of articles that address these needs and experiences or even adequately report the racial and ethnic makeup of their samples. The purpose of this study is to provide an updated look at Marriage and Family Therapy (MFT) literature and how often sample participants’ ethnicity is reported, how frequently studies focus on ethnic issues or specific REC minority groups, which REC minority groups and topics receive the most attention in minority-focused studies, which REC minority groups and topics receive the most attention in funded studies, and how these trends have changed over time. Specifically, five journals (American Journal of Family Therapy, Family Process, Journal of Family Therapy, Journal of Marital and Family Therapy, and Contemporary Family Therapy) were selected for inclusion in the analysis and were examined inclusively from 2000-2017. Results and suggestions for future research are discussed.
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Cardholm, Lucas. "Adding value to business performance through cost benefit analyses of information security investments : MBA-thesis in marketing." Thesis, University of Gävle, Department of Business Administration and Economics, 2007. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-238.
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<p>The purpose of this thesis is to present an approach for good practice with regards to using cost benefit analysis (CBA) as a value-adding activity in the information security investment process for large enterprises. The approach is supported by empirical data.</p><p>From a MIO model perspective, this report is focused on the phase of strategic choices regarding organization, i.e. trying to find optimal investments for efficient operations. To assess, improve and monitor the operational effectiveness and management’s internal control environment is essential in today’s business execution. Executive management and boards are increasingly looking for an information security governance framework that encompasses information technology and information security: a single framework through which all information assets and activities within the organisation can be governed, to provide the optimum capability for meeting the organisation’s objectives, in terms of functionality and security.</p><p>The investment decision is one of the most visible and controversial key decisions in an enterprise. Some projects are approved, others are bounced, and the rest enter the organisational equivalent of suspended animation with the dreaded request from the decision makers to “redo the business case” or “provide more information.”</p><p>The concept of cost benefit analyses of information security helps management to make decisions on which initiatives to fund with how much, as there needs to be an approach for measuring and comparing different alternatives and how they meet business objectives of the enterprise. Non-financial metrics are identified using different approaches: governance effectiveness, risk analysis, business case analysis or game theory. The financial performance metrics are driven by the main value disciplines of an enterprise. These lead to the use of formulas enabling the measurement of asset utilisation, profit or growth: ROI (ROIC), NPV, IRR (MIRR), FCF, DCF, Payback Period, TCO, TBO, EVA, and ROSI.</p><p>The author shows research in the field of good corporate governance and the investment approval process, as well as case studies from two multinational enterprises. The case from Motorola demonstrates how IT governance principles are equally applicable to information security governance, while the case from Ericsson demonstrates how an information security investment decision can be supported by performing a cost benefit analysis using traditional marketing approaches of business case analysis (BCA) and standard financial calculations.</p><p>The suggested good practice presented in this thesis is summarised in four steps:</p><p>1. Understand main rationale for the security investment</p><p>2. Identify stakeholders and strategic goals</p><p>3. Perform Cost Benefit Analysis (non-financial and financial performance metrics)</p><p>4. Validate that the results are relevant to stakeholders and strategic goals</p><p>DISCLAIMER</p><p>This report is intended for academic training only and should not be used for any other purposes. The contents are not to be considered legal or otherwise professional advice. No liability is taken, whatsoever, by the author.</p>
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Huang, Pin-han, and 黃品翰. "Study on IEEE 802.11s MDA Reservation Mechanism for Dynamically Allocate Contention Period Ratio in Multi-channel Wireless Mesh Network." Thesis, 2011. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/322gx6.
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碩士<br>國立臺灣科技大學<br>電機工程系<br>99<br>A wireless mesh LAN is a communications network made up of radio nodes that support Mesh service. In IEEE 802.11s draft, not only the Mesh network topology be introduced, but also a new reservation based MAC access scheme, MDA, be introduced. Nodes that support MDA can access wireless medium with lower collision probability. But MDA can just work in the single channel environment and so the capacity of network is limited.
In a previous study, it was suggested so that MDA can operate on multi-channel environment. Compared with the MDA, MMDA does effectively enhance the system performance. This paper is an extension of previous research for improves MMDA deficiencies.
However, when the network load is high, the available duration in Data Transmission Period have been almost reserved. At this time Contention Period will be a waste. So in order to increase system capacity, We propose a scheme, which can dynamically adjust Contention Period when Data Transmission Period became saturated. Therefore, node can use the increased Data Transmission Period to reserve more MDAOPs. In addition our scheme also adapts backoff time according to MP’s own MDAOP number. This is allows MP which has less MDAOPs to increase the reserving MDAOPs probability, and improves the system performance and fairness.
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(5929553), Ernesto Camarena. "Multiscale Continuum Modeling of Piezoelectric Smart Structures." Thesis, 2019.
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Among the many active materials in use today, piezoelectric composite patches have enabled notable advances in emerging technologies such as disturbance sensing, control of flexible structures, and energy harvesting. The macro fiber composite (MFC), in particular, is well known for its outstanding performance. Multiscale models are typically required for smart-structure design with MFCs. This is due to the need for predicting the macroscopic response (such as tip deflection under a transverse load or applied voltage) while accounting for the fact that the MFC has microscale details. Current multiscale models of the MFC exclusively focus on predicting the macroscopic response with homogenized material properties. There are a limited number of homogenized properties available from physical experiments and various aspects of existing homogenization techniques for the MFC are shown here to be inadequate. Thus, new homogenized models of the MFC are proposed to improve smart-structure predictions and therefore improve device design. It is notable that current multiscale modeling efforts for MFCs are incomplete since, after homogenization, the local fields such as stresses and electric fields have not been recovered. Existing methods for obtaining local fields are not applicable since the electrodes of the MFC are embedded among passive layers. Therefore, another objective of this work was to find the local fields of the MFC without having the computational burden of fully modeling the microscopic features of the MFC over a macroscale area. This should enable smart-structure designs with improved reliability because failure studies of MFCs will be enabled. Large-scale 3D finite element (FE) models that included microscale features were constructed throughout this work to verify the multiscale methodologies. Note that after creating a free account on cdmhub.org, many files used to create the results in this work can be downloaded from https://cdmhub.org/projects/ernestocamarena.<br><br>First, the Mechanics of Structure Genome (MSG) was extended to provide a rigorous analytical homogenization method. The MFC was idealized to consist of a stack of homogeneous layers where some of the layers were homogenized with existing rules of mixtures. For the analytical model, the electrical behavior caused by the interdigitated electrodes (IDEs) was approximated with uniform poling and uniform electrodes. All other assumptions on the field variables were avoided; thus an exact solution for a stack of homogeneous layers was found with MSG. In doing so, it was proved that in any such multi-layered composite, the in-plane strains and the transverse stresses are equal in each layer and the in-plane electric fields and transverse electric displacement are constant between the electrodes. Using this knowledge, a hybrid rule of mixtures was developed to homogenize the entire MFC layup so as to obtain the complete set of effective device properties. Since various assumptions were avoided and since the property set is now complete, it is expected that greater energy equivalence between reality and the homogenized model has been made possible. The derivation clarified what the electrical behavior of a homogenized solid with internal electrodes should be—an issue that has not been well understood. The behavior was verified by large-scale FE models of an isolated MFC patch.<br> <br>Increased geometrical fidelity for homogenization was achieved with an FE-based RVE analysis that accounted for finite-thickness effects. The presented theory also rectifies numerous issues in the literature with the use of the periodic boundary conditions. The procedure was first developed without regard to the internal electrodes (ie a homogenization of the active layer). At this level, the boundary conditions were shown to satisfy a piezoelectric macrohomogeneity condition. The methodology was then applied to the full MFC layup, and modifications were implemented so that both types of MFC electrodes would be accounted for. The IDE case considered nonuniform poling and electric fields, but fully poled material was assumed. The inherent challenges associated with these nonuniformities are explored, and a solution is proposed. Based on the homogenization boundary conditions, a dehomogenization procedure was proposed that enables the recovery of local fields. The RVE analysis results for the effective properties revealed that the homogenization procedure yields an unsymmetric constitutive relation; which suggests that the MFC cannot be homogenized as rigorously as expected. Nonetheless, the obtained properties were verified to yield favorable results when compared to a large-scale 3D FE model.<br> <br>As a final test of the obtained effective properties, large-scale 3D FE models of MFCs acting in a static unimorph configuration were considered. The most critical case to test was the smallest MFC available. Since none of the homogenized models account for the passive MFC regions that surround the piezoelectric fiber array, some of the test models were constructed with and without the passive regions. Studying the deflection of the host substrate revealed that ignoring the passive area in smaller MFCs can overpredict the response by up to 20%. Satisfactory agreement between the homogenized models and a direct numerical simulation were obtained with a larger MFC (about a 5% difference for the tip deflection). Furthermore, the uniform polarization assumption (in the analytical model) for the IDE case was found to be inadequate. Lastly, the recovery of the local fields was found to need improvement.<br><br><br>
Books on the topic "MFA period"
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Voronin, M. A. Kollekt︠s︡ii︠a︡ pochtovykh kartochek sovetskogo perioda s 1917 po 1945 g. iz sobraniĭ M.A. Voronina = The Collection of post cards of the Soviet period with 1917 on 1945 of M.A. Voronin. Welcome, 2009.
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United States. National Aeronautics and Space Administration., ed. GEOTAIL MCA plasma wave investigation data analysis: Annual progress report for grant NAG 5-2346 ... covering the reporting period: August 15, 1995 to August 14, 1996. National Aeronautics and Space Administration, 1996.
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Casalbuoni, Roberto, Giovanni Frosali, and Giuseppe Pelosi, eds. Enrico Fermi a Firenze. Firenze University Press, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-673-2.
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Enrico Fermi – Premio Nobel per la Fisica nel 1938 – ha insegnato alla Regia Università degli Studi di Firenze. La permanenza di Fermi a Firenze fu breve, solo due anni accademici (1924-25 e 1925-26); in questi anni tenne i corsi di «Fisica Matematica» e di «Meccanica Razionale». Il presente volume è un contributo alla ricostruzione di questo periodo non molto noto della vita di Fermi, ma segnato scientificamente dalla pubblicazione della statistica che prende il suo nome, base tra l’altro della fisica dei semiconduttori e quindi dell’elettronica moderna. Vengono anche riprodotte nel testo le «Lezioni di Meccanica Razionale» tenute da Enrico Fermi nel periodo predetto agli studenti di Scienze e del biennio propedeutico agli studi di Ingegneria. I temi affrontati da Enrico Fermi nelle sue lezioni includono la cinematica e la dinamica del punto, la cinematica e la statica dei sistemi rigidi, inclusa la statica di sistemi più in generale. Infine le lezioni contengono le equazioni di «Lagrangia» e alcuni elementi di idromeccanica. Questo libro inaugura una collana di pubblicazioni associata alla rivista «Il Colle di Galileo» della Firenze University Press.
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Salvestrini, Francesco, ed. L'Italia alla fine del Medioevo I. Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-388-0.
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Primo di due volumi, il secondo curato da Federica Cengarle, che prendono in esame alcuni 'caratteri originali' dell'Italia tardomedievale rispetto all'Europa del tempo.Dei due convegni dei quali si pubblicano gli atti, il primo – tenutosi nell'ottobre del 2000 – ha cercato di dar conto, in una sezione introduttiva, dei quadri ambientali di lungo periodo entro cui si iscri-ve il percorso della società italiana: il paesaggio rurale e il quadro degli insediamenti urbani, senza dimenticare, nell'uno e nell'altro caso, l'eredità del mondo romano. Il secondo convegno, invece, tenutosi nell'autunno del 2002 si è proposto di prendere in considerazione aspetti e settori di storia della cultura e delle ideologie politiche, della mentalità, della vita religiosa, ma anche la storia delle tecniche.
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Cengarle, Federica, ed. L'Italia alla fine del Medioevo II. Firenze University Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-390-2.
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Secondo di due volumi, il primo curato da Francesco Salvestrini, che prendono in esame alcuni 'caratteri originali' dell'Italia tardomedievale rispetto all'Europa del tempo.Dei due convegni dei quali si pubblicano gli atti, il primo – tenutosi nell'ottobre del 2000 – ha cercato di dar conto, in una sezione introduttiva, dei quadri ambientali di lungo periodo entro cui si iscri-ve il percorso della società italiana: il paesaggio rurale e il quadro degli insediamenti urbani, senza dimenticare, nell'uno e nell'altro caso, l'eredità del mondo romano. Il secondo convegno, invece, tenutosi nell'autunno del 2002 si è proposto di prendere in considerazione aspetti e settori di storia della cultura e delle ideologie politiche, della mentalità, della vita religiosa, ma anche la storia delle tecniche.
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Casalbuoni, Roberto, Daniele Dominici, and Giuseppe Pelosi, eds. Enrico Fermi a Firenze. Firenze University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-960-7.
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Enrico Fermi – Premio Nobel per la Fisica nel 1938 – ha insegnato alla Regia Università degli Studi di Firenze. La permanenza di Fermi a Firenze fu breve, solo due anni accademici (1924/25 e 1925/26); in questi anni tenne i corsi di «Fisica Matematica» e di «Meccanica Razionale». Il presente volume è un contributo alla ricostruzione di questo periodo non molto noto della vita di Fermi, ma segnato scientificamente dalla pubblicazione della statistica che prende il suo nome e che porterà Fermi alla ribalta internazionale, grazie alle applicazioni della statistica nei settori più disparati della fisica. Questo lavoro è alla base, tra l’altro, della fisica dei semiconduttori e quindi dell’elettronica moderna. Vengono anche riprodotte nel testo le «Lezioni di Meccanica Razionale» tenute da Enrico Fermi nel periodo predetto agli studenti di Scienze e del biennio propedeutico agli studi di Ingegneria. I temi affrontati da Enrico Fermi nelle sue lezioni includono la cinematica e la dinamica del punto, la cinematica e la statica dei sistemi rigidi, inclusa la statica di sistemi più in generale. Infine le lezioni contengono le equazioni di 'Lagrangia' e alcuni elementi di idromeccanica.
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Cinquegrani, Alessandro, and Ilaria Crotti. «Un viaggio realmente avvenuto». Edizioni Ca' Foscari, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-344-1.
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Nell’occasione della quiescenza di Ricciarda Ricorda, i colleghi cafoscarini e gli allievi le fanno omaggio di una raccolta di saggi, ispirata nel titolo a un assioma della stessa festeggiata, che cioè la letteratura di viaggio (uno dei campi di indagine da lei prediletti) debba trattare di «un viaggio realmente avvenuto». Sull’odeporica si concentra soprattutto la seconda parte di questo volume, laddove la prima tocca argomenti e periodi più ampi, ma pur sempre intersecantisi con l’attività di ricerca della studiosa, dalla letteratura di genere a quella migrante, dall’amato Settecento agli scrittori contemporanei. Il libro dedicato a Ricciarda Ricorda vuole anche onorare, come scrive il Rettore nella pagina introduttiva, l’attività da lei profusa nella gestione dell’Ateneo, e insieme le sue singolari doti di rigore, competenza, abnegazione, disponibilità al dialogo e, non ultimo, il garbo.
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Ammannati, Francesco, ed. Assistenza e solidarietà in Europa Secc. XIII-XVIII / Social assistance and solidarity in Europe from the 13th to the 18th Centuries. Firenze University Press, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6655-367-0.
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Il periodo compreso fra Medioevo ed Età Moderna registra una significativa evoluzione del welfare, attraverso il consolidamento e la specializzazione di istituzioni nate o trasformatesi con la precisa funzione di fare attività di solidarietà e assistenza. È attorno a queste istituzioni che si sono concentrate le ricerche raccolte in questo volume, con l’obiettivo di delinearne la nascita e l’evoluzione, ma anche le fonti di finanziamento e autofinanziamento, le strategie e le modalità di acquisizione delle risorse, la gestione e la evoluzione dei patrimoni, l’organizzazione funzionale e i costi interni di sostegno ai bisognosi e di gestione del personale. Quelle istituzioni giocarono spesso un ruolo significativo nel territorio in cui operavano e numerosi contributi si soffermano sugli effetti economici e sociali prodotti dalla loro azione, non solo in termini di redistribuzione del reddito e mantenimento della pace sociale, ma anche in relazione all’eventuale rapporto con la realtà produttiva, grazie all’immissione sul mercato di prodotti e servizi svolti dagli assistititi o dal personale dell’istituzione. Un’ultima sezione è infine dedicata alle reti di assistenza non formali (solidarietà e forme di credito in seno alle famiglie, ai gruppi di indigenti, alle comunità), attraverso le quali gli individui, le comunità e l’intera società, in assenza o carenza di strutture formalizzate, tentarono di proteggersi dai rischi legati all’indigenza e alla incapacità fisica.
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De Benedictis, Cristina, and Maria Grazia Marzi, eds. L'Epistolario di Anton Francesco Gori. Firenze University Press, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/88-8453-122-5.
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Il volume raccoglie alcuni saggi dedicati alla figura di Anton Francesco Gori. Punto di riferimento degli studi antiquari toscani del Settecento, il Gori non fu soltanto un erudito, ma il perno organizzativo della cultura fiorentina e delle iniziative bibliografiche e pubblicistiche del tempo. L'immensa mole di lettere a lui inviate, conservata alla Biblioteca Marucelliana di Firenze, è stata oggetto di un Progetto strategico dell'Università di Firenze finalizzato alla catalogazione, informatizzazione e immissione in rete. Il volume si colloca nell'ambito del progetto e comprende oltre ai saggi una significativa antologia delle lettere e un indice completo dell'epistolario per mittenti.
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Bellandi, Marco, and Alberto Magnaghi, eds. La coscienza di luogo nel recente pensiero di Giacomo Becattini. Firenze University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.36253/978-88-6453-462-6.
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Questo libro, nato ‘in corso d’opera’, raccoglie molte delle presentazioni pubbliche del libro di Giacomo Becattini La coscienza dei luoghi. Il territorio come soggetto corale, pubblicato da Donzelli nel 2015. In esse una grande passione teorica, metodologica, di prospettive concrete e anche di critica ha attraversato gli interventi, dal momento che il testo di Becattini ha sollevato problemi di grande rilievo, per le prospettive dello sviluppo locale, proiettandole sul futuro stesso delle società umane in un periodo di crisi e di grande incertezza sulle vie globali da percorrere. La ricchezza, la pluralità di accenti e la profondità del dibattito che si è sviluppato assicurano alla raccolta una ‘vita propria’ anche rispetto al libro d’origine. La scomparsa di Becattini, avvenuta proprio mentre si concludeva l’editing del volume, lascia un enorme vuoto ma stimola ancor più al dibattito su questo affresco, dipinto a più mani sulla traccia della sua recente opera.
Book chapters on the topic "MFA period"
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Dainty, Paul. "Periods and Perspectives in Management." In The MBA Companion. Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-29456-2_11.
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Takakuwa, Tetsuya. "Skeletal System Analysis during the Human Embryonic Period Based on MCA." In Multidisciplinary Computational Anatomy. Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-4325-5_13.
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Winkle, Thomas. "Introduction." In Product Development within Artificial Intelligence, Ethics and Legal Risk. Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-34293-7_1.
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AbstractWith regard to safe product development in the dilemma between Artificial Intelligence, ethics and legal risk, Prof. Dr.-Ing. MBA Thomas Winkle first provides a meta-analysis on safety assessment based on accident data examples to show possible definitions of safety benefits and risk. With more than 20 years of research and consulting at three automobile manufacturers, Thomas Winkle also points to disasters from nuclear power plant accidents at Chernobyl and Fukushima. Further comparisons between global mortality rates of women and men to life expectancy of different countries of the world compared to the traffic mortality sensitize for ethical relevance and accepted risk today.As the first of its kind, the scientific analysis in this book uses one example to analyze all police-reported traffic accidents nationwide in Saxony (1.28 million) over a 10-year period. Relevant examples highlight technical, ethical, and legal requirements for the development and production of automated vehicles with image recognition and Artificial Intelligence. The inclusion of highly sensitive international court rulings and growing consumer expectations make the book a helpful guide for product development from the initial idea to market launch. Qualitative interviews within the development departments of automobile manufacturers show how a structured guideline-based process with expert feedback loops increases product quality in terms of safety in use and functional safety. Finally, there follows a development guide with a checklist of 101 questions on the requirements that contribute to the duty of care in the development of automated vehicles and fulfill the highest court rulings on product liability.
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Hamdan, Rana Subhi, and Husam-Aldin N. Al-Malkawi. "Performance of Mutual Fund During the Global Financial Crisis: Evidence from Saudi Arabia." In BUiD Doctoral Research Conference 2023. Springer Nature Switzerland, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56121-4_43.
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AbstractPurpose – This paper is an attempt to analyze the performance of the Saudi equity diversified fund on the basis of return and risk evaluation before, during and after the global financial crisis (GFC).Methodology – The study uses secondary data of 12 Saudi mutual funds from Jan 2000 until Dec 2018. The analysis is conducted by assessing various performance and statistical measures including average return, standard deviation, Sharpe ratio, Treynor ratio, and Information ratio (IR), and M2 measure. The outcomes of these measures are compared with a benchmark, i.e. the stock market index Tadawul.Findings – The results show that funds managers showed good decisions attempts during the crisis to minimize investors losses as the majority of the funds had positive IR during the crisis. Although the crisis had negative effect on MFs in Saudi Arabia, they outperformed the market.Riyad Saudi Equity Fund and Saudi Fransi Saudi Istithmar Equity Fund outperformed all other fund in the sample during the crisis,Research Implications – This study would be useful for new investors who want to start investing in funds with good history of investment and portfolio management during the financial crises. For decision makers of Riyad Saudi Equity Fund and Saudi Fransi Saudi Istithmar Equity Fund, to find out the reasons for their superiority during the crisis period, and the relapse they experienced after the end of the crisis at a time when the rest of the mutual funds in the sample recovered.Originality/Value – The study is valuable to investors as it increases their knowledge about Saudi Arabia funds, which are attractive source of investing, since they still can offer a good return and perform better than the market, especially during crisis.
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Tebala, Domenico, Domenico Marino, and Antonella Bianchino. "A Composite Indicator to Describe Digital Technology in Europe." In Lecture Notes in Networks and Systems. Springer International Publishing, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-34211-0_6.
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AbstractThe “Digital Europe” program is a central element of the Commission's comprehensive response to the challenge of digital transformation and is included in the proposal on the Multiannual Financial Framework (MFF) for the period 2021–2027. Its aim is to provide a spending instrument adapted to the operational requirements of capacity building in the areas identified by the European Council, as well as to exploit the synergies between them. The program aims, among other things, to develop and strengthen basic skills in artificial intelligence, such as data resources and archives of artificial intelligence algorithms and make them accessible to all enterprises and public administrations; ensure that the essential capabilities needed to secure the EU's digital economy, society and democracy are available and accessible to the EU public sector and businesses, as well as improve the competitiveness of the EU cybersecurity industry; expand the optimal use of digital capabilities, in particular high-performance computing, artificial intelligence and cyber-security, in all sectors of the economy, in sectors of public interest and in society, including the implementation of interoperable solutions in areas of public interest, as well as facilitating access to technology and know-how for all enterprises.To better understand the phenomenon, this study aims to analyse the use of digital technology among European enterprises through a composite index of artificial intelligence (AI) and information technologies (ICT) (using the Wellness Methodology Fair and Sustainable) to measure the territorial gaps and to know the European countries more or less inclined to use it.For this purpose, this contribution develops with the following structure: description of the theoretical reference framework and the indicators used to regard “artificial intelligence” and “information technologies”; description of the methodology for the construction of the composite indicator; description of the results, also through a geo-referenced map of European countries willing to use digital technology; conclusions
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Dickinson, Rachel. "Train Robbers and Pinkertons." In The Loneliest Places. Cornell University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.7591/cornell/9781501766091.003.0010.
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This chapter recounts the time the author had applied to Goucher College's MFA program in creative nonfiction. At the time, Goucher's was the only program which dealt exclusively in nonfiction—a boon for an author who wanted to focus on the subject. The chapter thus chronicles the author's academic career during this period, including the selection of a thesis topic (and why it should not be about Jack) and illuminating process of archival research. During this time the author was not thinking about her grief but focusing on where her research led-down a historical rabbit hole of vigilantism, the Civil War, train robberies, Midwestern gangs, and the Pinkerton Detective Agency. In doing so, the author was able to find an outlet for something other than grief during the three-year MFA program.
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Selman Çolak, Mehmet, İbrahim Ethem Güney, and Yavuz Selim Hacıhasanoğlu. "The Relationship between Economic Uncertainty and Firms’ Balance Sheet Strength." In Banking and Finance. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.91860.
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This chapter aims to elaborate on the relationship between economic uncertainty and balance sheet strength of nonfinancial firms in Turkish economy. In order to effectively measure the balance sheet strength, we make use of a multivariate indicator, namely, the Multivariate Firm Assessment Score (MFA Score), which is a composite index to gauge the credit risk of nonfinancial firms quoted in Borsa İstanbul. MFA scores are compared with some uncertainty indicators for the period of 2005–2019. Our results suggest that when the uncertainties in global or Turkish economy are high, we observe a significant causal relationship from uncertainty indicators to firms’ balance sheet strength. More specifically, economic uncertainties negatively affect firms’ balance sheet performance in such an environment. Moreover, different types of uncertainties such as trade policy uncertainty and consumer perceptions about the economy are found to have differential impacts on exporter and non-exporter firms.
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Karyağdı, Nazan Güngör, and Ahmet Şit. "The Effect of Bankruptcy Risk and Financial Stress on Firm Value." In Bankruptcy and Reorganization in the Digital Business Era. IGI Global, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-6684-5181-6.ch012.
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The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of firm bankruptcy risk and auditing factors on the market value of firms and to investigate the effect of auditing on firm bankruptcy risk. The period of the research is 2011-2021. In the study on BIST Sustainability-25 Index, in the first model, the dependent variable is the market value/book value; the independent variables are Springate S Score, Fulmer H Score, Altman Z Score, Çolakoğlu MFA Score; the ratio of the number of independent auditor members to the total number of members; the number of members in the supervisory board; and the number of early risk detection committee members.
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Arora, Jatin, Gaganpreet Kaur, Monika Sethi, and Saravjeet Singh. "AI and Machine Learning Applications for Preserving Privacy and Data Leakage of E-Commerce Data." In Advances in Electronic Commerce. IGI Global, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-5718-7.ch003.
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The e-commerce industry has been expanding at an exponential rate, evolving and adapting even during times of national lockdowns and worldwide pandemics. In a relatively short period of time, the Indian e-commerce ecosystem has grown to be vital to both the country's internet users and economy. The e-commerce industry has also seen a rise in cyberattacks. These attacks frequently result in data leaks that compromise data integrity, violate customers' rights and privacy, and foster mistrust between online retailers and their clientele. The roots of e-commerce security problems are highlighted in this paper, along with the potential benefits of several cutting-edge technologies including machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI) in reducing security risks. To increase e-commerce security, the study suggested a number of methods, including as data encryption, secure payment gateways, multi-factor authentication (MFA), regular software updates and patches, user privacy policies, and compliance.
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"Periods, Question Marks, and Exclamation Points." In MLA Handbook, 9th ed. The Modern Language Association of AmericaNew York, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1632/ozoi3602.
Full textConference papers on the topic "MFA period"
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Shamblin, Terry R. "Intelligent Pig Inspection, Evaluation & Remediation of Uncoated Seamless Pipelines." In CORROSION 1999. NACE International, 1999. https://doi.org/10.5006/c1999-99539.
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Abstract Many gas pipelines in operation in the United States today were constructed prior to coating and cathodic protection (CP) current practices. A number of these vintage pipelines had no coating and had CP installed long after their construction thus allowing initial corrosion growths. With continual public and industrial growth and development on and around these pipelines, plus normal maintenance, there is a need to conduct periodic integrity assessments to insure public safety and maintain pipeline efficiency. One of the best tools currently available to measure or gauge pipeline integrity is the intelligent or smart pig. While there are various technologies offered by In line inspection (ILI) vendors, magnetic flux leakage (MFL) is the one most commonly utilized for in-line inspections of natural gas pipelines. Over the years there has been much speculation over the ability of an MFL tool to clearly define corrosion magnitudes on uncoated pipelines because the MFL signals are distorted by the external corrosion “crust “ or growth. In addition, many of the uncoated lines constructed utilized seamless pipe which compounds the problem with uneven wall thickness’ common with seamless pipe. Also, the irregular internal surfaces produce additional distortions or “noise" in the MFL signal. Analysis of the smart pig results are quite difficult when evaluating an uncoated seamless pipeline. However, with the latest advances in MFL smart pigs it is possible to accurately analyze corrosion on uncoated seamless steel pipelines. The ability to accurately identify corrosion on such structures provides the mechanism to evaluate the pipeline’s integrity with analytical tools such as RSTRENG, (remaining strength). From that a successful remediation program can be developed which will save the pipeline operator millions of dollars when compared to the expensive alternative of replacing the pipeline.
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Bocher, Florent, Noah D. Budiansky, John R. Scully, and Francisco Presuel-Moreno. "Investigation of Crevice Corrosion of AISI 316 Stainless Steel and Ni-Cr-Mo Alloy 625 Using Coupled Multi-Electrode Arrays." In CORROSION 2007. NACE International, 2007. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2007-07587.
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Abstract Close packed coupled multi-electrodes arrays (MEA) simulating a planar electrode were used to measure the anodic current evolution as a function of position during initiation and propagation of crevice corrosion of AISI 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) and Ni-Cr-Mo alloy 625 (UNS N06625). Scaling laws derived from polarization data guided the implementation of rescaled crevices providing spatial resolution. Crevice corrosion of AISI 316 stainless steel in 0.6 M NaCl at 50°C was found to readily initiate close to the crevice mouth (i.e., xcrit ≈ 0) at modest applied potentials (e.g., Eapp=0 VSCE) and to spread inwards and outside the crevice with time. In the case of alloy 625, crevice corrosion initiates further inside the crevice (i.e., xcrit is large) and requires higher applied potential (e.g., Eapp=50 VSCE). The local crevice current density increased dramatically over a short period to reach a limiting value in both cases. The ramification of the larger critical depth for Ni-Cr-Mo alloys towards crevice corrosion susceptibility is also discussed.
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Lagad, Vishal V., Michael S. Cayard, and Sridhar Srinivasan. "Prediction and Assessment of Rich Amine Corrosion under Simulated Refinery Conditions." In CORROSION 2010. NACE International, 2010. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2010-10183.
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Abstract The challenges of enhancing amine unit reliability along with demands for increased unit throughput, circulation and treatment capacity, have led to the need for corrosion quantification and improved corrosion prediction capabilities. This paper summarizes some of the experimental results and findings from a joint industry program entitled “Prediction and Assessment of Corrosion in Amine Solvents” conducted over the period from March 2003 to May 2007. The program was jointly sponsored by a group of refining and engineering companies and focused on rich amine corrosion. The impacts of relevant process variables such as acid gas loadings (H2S and CO2), heat stable amine salt (HSAS) concentration, flow velocity/shear stress and temperature on the corrosion of carbon steel, austenitic stainless steel, duplex stainless steel and a nickel-based alloy were quantified using laboratory tests performed under simulated refinery conditions. Data collected were used to develop a software tool to predict corrosion rates for the three amine solvents (mono-ethanolamine (MEA), di-ethanolamine (DEA) and aminoethoxyethanol (DGA)(1)) evaluated in the program. This paper presents an overview of the experimental methods, some of the results and trends observed and comparison of predicted corrosion rates to refinery field data.
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Brillante, Claudio, Marco Morandini, and Paolo Mantegazza. "H2 Periodic Control on Active Twist Rotor for Vibration Reduction." In Vertical Flight Society 70th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0070-2014-9499.
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This paper investigates the application of an active control strategy to reduce vibrations in forward flight through active twist design. The blade twist is actively induced at high frequencies by piezoelectric actuators distributed along the blade span. Macro-fiber composite (MFC) are considered as actuators, allowing a high actuation power with low voltages. The multibody software MBDyn is used to model the isolated rotor of the Bo105, whose original blades are replaced with blades embedding distributed piezoelectric actuators. The reduction of vibratory loads acting on the hub is obtained through the minimization of appropriate harmonics of the blade root loads, hence working on the rotating reference frame. Due to the periodicity of the system in forward flight, the actuation is governed by a periodic linear H2 controller, designed on an appropriately identified model.
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Carew, J., A. Al-Hashem, E. El-Mohemeed, and H. Al-Enezi. "North Kuwait Oil Field Sea Water Flood Experience in Pipeline Integrity Management Program." In CORROSION 2009. NACE International, 2009. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2009-09117.
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Abstract This paper will focus on methods of improving asset integrity by taking a holistic approach towards management and maintenance of the 48km sea water flood pipeline. This is carried out by a combination of a 36 inch carbon steel piping material, inhibitors, and monitoring systems to most effectively mitigate against corrosion. This presentation will focus on pigging the pipeline to control/mitigate microbiologically influence corrosion (MIC), and under deposit corrosion. The threat of MIC has surfaced as a concern to the pipeline operators in the last five years. Mitigation methods usually involve continuous injection of biocide, corrosion inhibitor and scale inhibitor treatments of the pipeline. There is some benefit in trying to control the problem of MIC and under deposit corrosion in the pipeline by running specifically designed cleaning pigs on a routine basis at set frequencies. Over a period of time, the scrapping estimated from the 36” carbon steel pipeline as amounted to over three tons of debris. Subsequently, intelligent or smart pigs were used to detect and measure the pipe wall defects, such as corrosion pits and weld defects. The use of intelligent pigs for inspection of pipelines has increase considerably. The most commonly used intelligent pigs make use of magnetic leakage (MFL) technique to detect corrosion pits.
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Evans, K. J., S. Chawla, K. M. Sherer, et al. "Laboratory Studies Related to External Corrosion of Hanford’S Double-Shell Tanks in Contact with Concrete Liner." In CORROSION 2021. AMPP, 2021. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2021-16576.
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Abstract Radioactive and chemically hazardous wastes are stored at the Hanford site in underground double-shell tanks (DSTs) constructed of carbon steel. The corrosion management of these tanks has mainly focused on the complex waste chemistries that are contained in the primary tank. More recently, attention has been given to the corrosion that has been found on the exterior of the secondary liners of the DSTs. The cause of the external corrosion could be related to the intrusion and accumulation of water in the tertiary leak detection systems, which exist under the concrete foundation of the DSTs. However, site investigations have discovered significant reductions in wall-thickness (up to 70%) for DSTs that do not have a history of water intrusion. Furthermore, site measurements have indicated that wall-thinning may not be as severe at locations where the tank exterior is in contact with the slotted concrete foundation. Laboratory tests involving periodic wetting and condensing moisture on steel specimens were conducted to better understand this external corrosion threat. A simulated groundwater solution of near-neutral pH served as the wetting or moisture source in the tests. The laboratory tests consisted of weight-loss evaluations along with more involved studies using a multi-electrode array (MEA). The effect of concrete on the corrosion of steel was also examined by incorporating areas of metal-to-concrete contact on the weight-loss specimens and MEA. The results of this testing revealed that corrosion rates, calculated from weight-loss, can underestimate wall-thinning due to the severe localized attack that was found. Also, the inhibition of corrosion due to concrete-contact may relate more to the obstruction of condensation on the steel rather than an influence on the local pH.
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Islam, Moavin, Wayne McGaulley, and Mike Evans. "Compositional Analysis of Flash Rust Formed on Carbon Steel after Waterjetting." In CORROSION 2006. NACE International, 2006. https://doi.org/10.5006/c2006-06295.
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Abstract When steel components are cleaned by high-pressure (HP) or ultra high pressure (UHP) waterjetting the surface begins to oxidize or ‘flash rust’ within a short period of time. The color of the flash rust is typically orange, red, or brown of various shades depending on the color of the underlying steel, the nature of the surrounding environment, and the duration of exposure to the environment. Standard terminology has been developed by NACE and SSPC to categorize the grade (or level) of flash rust. These are light flash rust (LFR), moderate (or medium) flash rust (MFR) and heavy flash rust (HFR). The present paper provides results of an in-depth investigation dealing with the composition, the thickness and other characteristics of the flash rust formed on steel surfaces after UHP waterjetting. Surface analytical techniques consisting of X-ray Photon Spectroscopy (XPS) and Raman Spectroscopy, were used in the study. For comparison, an atmospherically corroded steel sample was also analyzed using the same techniques. Based on XPS and Raman Spectroscopy data the composition of the oxide film on flash rusted samples is a complex mixture of different forms of stoichiometric and non-stoichiometric oxides of iron but mainly FeO, Fe2O3, Fe3O4, hydrated Fe3O4 and FeOOH. The oxide on the atmospherically corroded sample is of a similar composition but with different distribution and proportion.
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Abliz, M., and J. Grimmer. "Preliminary analysis of a 27.5 mm period undulator for the MBA lattice." In PROCEEDINGS OF THE 12TH INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON SYNCHROTRON RADIATION INSTRUMENTATION – SRI2015. Author(s), 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4952789.
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Palmer, Johannes, and Thomas Hennig. "Accurate Short Period Corrosion Growth Rates From Combined MFL-UT Inline Inspection: A Case Study." In 2012 9th International Pipeline Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipc2012-90273.
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Inline inspection (ILI) identifies most significant anomalies - at the time of inspection. To recognize those individual features, which have the highest potential to enter these ranks, perhaps soon, is a challenging question, which is not necessarily covered with established ILI approaches. Whether the circumstances permit the identification and reliable description of individual corrosion hot spots depend on the ILI quality, the specific feature shape-dependent sizing, the comparability of the data and the time-dependent development of the anomaly. This case study demonstrates the enormous benefits of the combination of two technologies. The robust, indirect Magnetic Flux Leakage (MFL) methodology and the direct Ultrasonic Testing (UT) ILI tool. The intelligent interpretative combination of the two ILI information sources exceeds significantly the straight forward statistical combination benefit. The presented approach demonstrates how to: • identify features not suitable to UT stand alone sizing. • compensate systematic errors from MFL sizing models and calibration assumptions. • introduce UT shape information as major improvement to MFL sizing. • apply MFL amplitude based depth sizing. • reduce the subsequent sizing tolerance to values, which allow corrosion prediction based on even short term repeated ILI intervals. Applied to the identified group of pinholes and embedded pinholes with an average maximum depth of more than 50% the method delivered a depth sizing accuracy of ±6.0% wall thickness at 80% certainty. The fact, that even smaller corrosion growth rate values become resolvable, allows for the equivalent shortening of the re-inspection intervals and for the prolongation of the validity of prediction, whatever may be advisable in specific cases. Also it is shown, that this approach does not require to rerun similar tools, because systematic errors can be compensated absolutely with this approach. The optimization of inspection strategies and methods with regard to specific pipeline problems can have monetary benefit even at higher inspection costs. More sophisticated ILI systems requiring specialist data analysis become justified for equivalent pipeline use cases. The presented combination of the two independent ILI methodologies bears significant useful potential to approach aggressive corrosion mechanisms, e.g. microbial corrosion or CP shielding.
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Fan, Shuzheng, Xiaosheng Xiao, and Xiaoguang Zhang. "Period-doubling in spatiotemporal mode-locked lasers." In Asia Communications and Photonics Conference. OSA, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/acpc.2020.m4a.119.
Full textReports on the topic "MFA period"
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Intermagnetics General Corporation. 5/10-MVA high temperature superconducting power transformer. Progress report for the period May 1998 - June 1999. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/760227.
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Volpe Martincus, Christian, Mitsuyo Ando, and Antoni Estevadeordal. Complements or Substitutes?: Preferential and Multilateral Trade Liberalization at the Sectoral Level. Inter-American Development Bank, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011079.
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This paper explores the relationship between preferential and multilateral trade liberalization at the sectoral level using a unique dataset that includes data on most favored nation (MFN) and bilateral preferential tariffs at the 4-digit ISIC level for 11 Latin American countries over the period 1985¿2005. We find evidence of heterogeneity across sectors. While in some industries, complementary effects between both kinds of trade liberalization are observed, in others no significant links are detected and¿in a few cases¿even substitutability seems to prevail. Variation across sectors appears to be systematically related to both import demand elasticities and countries¿ sectoral comparative advantages.
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Bielinskyi, Andriy, Serhiy Semerikov, Oleksandr Serdiuk, Victoria Solovieva, Vladimir Soloviev, and Lukáš Pichl. Econophysics of sustainability indices. [б. в.], 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/123456789/4118.
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In this paper, the possibility of using some econophysical methods for quantitative assessment of complexity measures: entropy (Shannon, Approximate and Permutation entropies), fractal (Multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis – MF-DFA), and quantum (Heisenberg uncertainty principle) is investigated. Comparing the capability of both entropies, it is obtained that both measures are presented to be computationally efficient, robust, and useful. Each of them detects patterns that are general for crisis states. The similar results are for other measures. MF-DFA approach gives evidence that Dow Jones Sustainability Index is multifractal, and the degree of it changes significantly at different periods. Moreover, we demonstrate that the quantum apparatus of econophysics has reliable models for the identification of instability periods. We conclude that these measures make it possible to establish that the socially responsive exhibits characteristic patterns of complexity, and the proposed measures of complexity allow us to build indicators-precursors of critical and crisis phenomena.
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Jones, Robert, Molly Creagar, Michael Musty, Randall Reynolds, Scott Slone та Robyn Barbato. A 𝘬-means analysis of the voltage response of a soil-based microbial fuel cell to an injected military-relevant compound (urea). Engineer Research and Development Center (U.S.), 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21079/11681/45940.
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Biotechnology offers new ways to use biological processes as environmental sensors. For example, in soil microbial fuel cells (MFCs), soil electro-genic microorganisms are recruited to electrodes embedded in soil and produce electricity (measured by voltage) through the breakdown of substrate. Because the voltage produced by the electrogenic microbes is a function of their environment, we hypothesize that the voltage may change in a characteristic manner given environmental disturbances, such as the contamination by exogenous material, in a way that can be modelled and serve as a diagnostic. In this study, we aimed to statistically analyze voltage from soil MFCs injected with urea as a proxy for gross contamination. Specifically, we used 𝘬-means clustering to discern between voltage output before and after the injection of urea. Our results showed that the 𝘬-means algorithm recognized 4–6 distinctive voltage regions, defining unique periods of the MFC voltage that clearly identify pre- and postinjection and other phases of the MFC lifecycle. This demonstrates that 𝘬-means can identify voltage patterns temporally, which could be further improve the sensing capabilities of MFCs by identifying specific regions of dissimilarity in voltage, indicating changes in the environment.
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García-García, Jorge, David C. López-Valenzuela, and Enrique Montes-Uribe. Porqué Colombia no exporta más. Banco de la República de Colombia, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.32468/be.1139.
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Este trabajo explica cómo los costos de comerciar (protección y otros costos) desestimulan las exportaciones manufactureras y por qué Colombia exporta mayoritariamente productos primarios. Para esto, además de una revisión de literatura y una descripción del desempeño exportador colombiano, se presenta una metodología que mide la protección total causada por el arancel y las medidas no arancelarias (MNA) y que permite generar una serie de la protección verdadera para el período 1950-2019. Los resultados muestran que el país no ha explotado su potencial exportador de manufacturas porque los incentivos para hacerlo han sido magros, un resultado de la alta protección a la producción local, de una infraestructura escasa y de unos servicios logísticos costosos.
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Hertel, Thomas, Jevgenijs Steinbuks, and Uris Lantz Baldos. Competition for Land in the Global Bioeconomy. GTAP Working Paper, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21642/gtap.wp68.
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The global land use implications of biofuel expansion have received considerable attention in the literature over the past decade. Model-based estimates of the emissions from cropland expansion have been used to assess the environmental impacts of biofuel policies. And integrated assessment models have estimated the potential for biofuels to contribute to greenhouse gas abatement over the coming century. All of these studies feature, explicitly or implicitly, competition between biofuel feed stocks and other land uses. However, the economic mechanisms governing this competition, as well as the contribution of biofuels to global land use change, have not received the close scrutiny that they deserve. The purpose of this paper is to offer a deeper look at these factors. We begin with a comparative static analysis which assesses the impact of exogenously specified forecasts of biofuel expansion over the 2006-2035 period. Global land use change is decomposed according to the three key margins of economic response: extensive supply, intensive supply, and demand. Under the International Energy Agency’s “New Policies” scenario, biofuels account for nearly one-fifth of global land use change over the 2006-2035 period. The paper also offers a comparative dynamic analysis which determines the optimal path for first and second generation biofuels over the course of the entire 21st century. In the absence of GHG regulation, the welfare-maximizing path for global land use allocates 170 Mha to biofuel feed stocks by 2100, with the associated biofuels accounting for about 30% of global liquid fuel consumption. This area expansion is somewhat diminished by expected climate change impacts on agriculture, while it is significantly increased by a moderately aggressive GHG emissions target and by advances in conversion efficiency of second generation biofuels.
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Caballero, Julián. Banking Crises and Financial Integration. Inter-American Development Bank, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0011438.
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This paper explores whether the level of financial integration of banks in a country increases the incidence of systemic banking crises. The paper uses a de facto proxy for financial integration based on network statistics of banks participating in the global market of interbank syndicated loans. Specifically, the network statistics degree and betweenness are used to proxy for the de facto integration of the average bank in a country. The paper fits a count data model in the cross-section for the period 1980- 2007 and finds that the level of integration of the average bank is a robust determinant of the incidence of banking crises. An increased level of de facto integration as mea- sured by borrowing by banks is positively associated with the incidence of crises. A higher level of de jure integration (capital account openness) is also associated with a higher incidence of crises. However, the results also indicate that prudential banking regulation (supervision) plays a crucial and much larger role in reducing the incidence of crises. Interestingly, the results also show that the level of integration as measured by betweenness of the average bank has a negative effect on the incidence of crises. That is, the more important the average bank of a country is to the global bank network, the fewer the number of crises the country endures.
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Crowley, David, Yitzhak Hadar, and Yona Chen. Rhizosphere Ecology of Plant-Beneficial Microorganisms. United States Department of Agriculture, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7695843.bard.
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Rhizoferrin, a siderophore produced by Rhizopus arrhizus, has been shown in previous studies to be an outstanding Fe carrier to plants. However, calculations based on stability constants and thermodynamic equilibrium lead to contradicting conclusions. In this study a kinetic approach was employed to elucidate this apparent contradiction and to determine the behavior of rhizoferrin under conditions representing soil and nutrient solutions. Stability of Fe3+ complexes in nutrient solution, rate of metal exchange with Ca, and rate of Fe extraction by the free ligand were monitored for rhizoferrin and other chelating agents by 55Fe labeling. Ferric complexes of rhizoferrin, desferri-ferrioxamine-B (DFOB), and ethylenediamine-di(o-hydroxyphenylacetic acid) (EDDHA) were found to be stable in nutrient solution at pH 7.5 for 31 days, while ferric complexes of ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and mugineic acid (MA) lost 50% of the chelated Fe within 2 days. Fe-Ca exchange in Ca solutions at pH 8.7 revealed rhizoferrin to hold Fe at non-equilibrium state for 3-4 weeks at 3.3 mM Ca and for longer periods at lower Ca concentrations. EDTA lost the ferric ion at a faster rate under the same conditions. Fe extraction from freshly prepared Fe-hydroxide at pH 8.7 and with 3.2 mM Ca was slow and followed the order. DFOB > EDDHA > MA > rhizoferrin > EDTA. Based on these results we suggest that a kinetic rather than equilibrium approach should be the basis for predictions of Fe-chelates efficiency. We conclude that the non-equilibrium state of rhizoferrin is of crucial importance for its behavior as a Fe carrier to plants.
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Hossain, Sharif M. I., Shongkour Roy, Sigma Ainul, Abdullah Al Mahmud Shohag, A. T. M. Rezaul Karim, and Ubaidur Rob. Assessing effectiveness of a person-centered group ANC-PNC model among first-time young mothers and their partners for improving quality and use of MNCH-FP services. Population Council, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.31899/sbsr2022.1041.
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This baseline report is part of an operations research project “Healthy Women, Healthy Families (HWHF): Shustha Ma, Shustha Poribar” led by Management Sciences for Health (MSH) in partnership with BRAC, SCOPE, and the Population Council. The project aims to improve quality and increase utilization of maternal, newborn, and child health (MNCH) and family planning (FP) services and information for young mothers-to-be, first-time mothers (FTMs) aged 15-24, and their partners in the urban municipality of Tongi, Gazipur District, Bangladesh, through a group antenatal care ANC-PNC approach. The objectives of this study are to establish baseline values of selected HWHF project result indicators against which the impacts of the project’s intervention can be measured. The target group is young, first-time parents and the study examines the current status of knowledge on MNCH-FP and access to services among FTMs. This quasi-experimental pre-post control group design study employs both quantitative and qualitative data-collection methods. A simple random sampling procedure was employed to select respondents from BRAC FTM lists, while qualitative informants were selected purposively.
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Derbentsev, V., A. Ganchuk, and Володимир Миколайович Соловйов. Cross correlations and multifractal properties of Ukraine stock market. Politecnico di Torino, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.31812/0564/1117.
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Recently the statistical characterizations of financial markets based on physics concepts and methods attract considerable attentions. The correlation matrix formalism and concept of multifractality are used to study temporal aspects of the Ukraine Stock Market evolution. Random matrix theory (RMT) is carried out using daily returns of 431 stocks extracted from database time series of prices the First Stock Trade System index (www.kinto.com) for the ten-year period 1997-2006. We find that a majority of the eigenvalues of C fall within the RMT bounds for the eigenvalues of random correlation matrices. We test the eigenvalues of C within the RMT bound for universal properties of random matrices and find good agreement with the results for the Gaussian orthogonal ensemble of random matrices—implying a large degree of randomness in the measured cross-correlation coefficients. Further, we find that the distribution of eigenvector components for the eigenvectors corresponding to the eigenvalues outside the RMT bound display systematic deviations from the RMT prediction. We analyze the components of the deviating eigenvectors and find that the largest eigenvalue corresponds to an influence common to all stocks. Our analysis of the remaining deviating eigenvectors shows distinct groups, whose identities correspond to conventionally identified business sectors. Comparison with the Mantegna minimum spanning trees method gives a satisfactory consent. The found out the pseudoeffects related to the artificial unchanging areas of price series come into question We used two possible procedures of analyzing multifractal properties of a time series. The first one uses the continuous wavelet transform and extracts scaling exponents from the wavelet transform amplitudes over all scales. The second method is the multifractal version of the detrended fluctuation analysis method (MF-DFA). The multifractality of a time series we analysed by means of the difference of values singularity stregth (or Holder exponent) ®max and ®min as a suitable way to characterise multifractality. Singularity spectrum calculated from daily returns using a sliding 250 day time window in discrete steps of 1. . . 10 days. We discovered that changes in the multifractal spectrum display distinctive pattern around significant “drawdowns”. Finally, we discuss applications to the construction of crushes precursors at the financial markets.