Dissertations / Theses: 'Mice Mice Anxiety'

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Verma, Sujeet. "Live plant and artificial plant settings are able to alleviate anxiety levels in mice an elevated plus-maze study /." Pullman, Wash. : Washington State University, 2009. http://www.dissertations.wsu.edu/Thesis/Spring2009/S_Verma_042409.pdf.

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Thesis (M.S. in horticulture)--Washington State University, May 2009. Title from PDF title page (viewed on July 28, 2009). "Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture." Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-58).

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Avrabos, Charilaos. "Brain circuit dynamics related to extremes in trait anxiety in mice." Diss., lmu, 2012. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bvb:19-149945.

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Ghosh, Aniruddha. "ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL INVESTIGATION OF HIPPOCAMPAL SYNAPTIC PLASTICITY IN DEAF-1 KNOCK-OUT MICE." OpenSIUC, 2016. https://opensiuc.lib.siu.edu/dissertations/1207.

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Intellectual Disability (ID) is a condition in which day-to-day cognitive, intellectual and adaptive functioning is negatively affected including poor performance in memory tests in human subjects. Patients with comorbid anxiety and depression demonstrated adverse memory when subject to a verbal learning test. Abnormal mutation in the human deaf1 gene has been previously reported to be associated with ID. Previous behavioral studies in mice with a brain specific conditional neuronal knock outs (NKO) of deaf 1 gene exhibited memory deficit and anxiety-like behavior. These deaf 1 NKO mice represent a convenient model for the study of the effects of ID on both in vivo and in vitro memory tests. Earlier studies in these deaf 1 NKOs have shown increased levels of anxiety in the Elevated Plus Maze and Open Field - Test along with contextual-memory deficits in Fear-conditioning experiments. In the intact animal, behavioral phenotyping experiments in mice such as Fear conditioning including contextual and cued fear conditioning measures the ability of the animal to learn, remember and associate an aversive experience to environmental cues. Studies in rodent brain slices involving Long-term potentiation (LTP) and long-term depression (LTD) have long been associated to reflect substrates for memory formation and memory loss respectively. While early-LTP (ELTP) typically lasts between 30-60 minutes, late-LTP (LLTP) lasts for hours; though there is much disagreement about the time courses. In vitro LTD was first reported in 1978 and since then has been studied in details. NMDA receptor (NMDAR) and metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGLUR) activation has been implicated in induction of both LTP and LTD among others. The CA1 region of the rodent hippocampus is the most widely explored area for LTP studies especially stratum radiatum (SR). In addition to the commissural fibers, SR receives Schaffer-collaterals (SC) and is an integral part of memory formation. Previous studies have reported that the CA1 region of the hippocampus expresses both NMDAR-LTD and mGluR-LTD. In the present study, we aim to establish whether these mice might show altered hippocampal Long-term Potentiation (LTP) and/or Long-term Depression (LTD) when brain slices from deaf1 NKO mice were subject to electrophysiological studies and if so, whether pharmacological interventions had any effect on it. Using electrophysiological techniques, hippocampal slices from DEAF1 KO mice were tested for possible alterations in LTP when compared to age-matched controls. Both early and late forms of LTP were examined, since these two types of LTP are medicated through different biochemical mechanisms. ELTP was unaltered in the NKO animals compared to their WT littermates. This experiment was followed by investigating LLTP. The control animals, as expected, exhibited a large LTP. The DEAF1 animals, in contrast, showed a paradoxical response to LLTP stimulation. Instead of the increase in response as observed in the control animals, slices from DEAF1 mice decreased to about 80% of baseline at 30 mins post train. This depression (LTD) became greater throughout the 3 hours of post-train recording, at the end of which the responses were approximately 25% of baseline. The mechanisms of this LTD were then explored with focus on glutamate receptors. Based upon existing knowledge in the literature, the possible roles of both NMDA receptors and mGlu receptors (mGluR1 and mGluR5) were explored. Treatment with D-AP5 - a selective NMDAR antagonist on slices from control animals showed no effect on the baseline evoked responses, but LLTP was blocked following D - AP5 treatment. In slices from DEAF1 NKO animals, AP5 did not affect the baseline evoked responses, but it reversed the expected LTD to a robust LLTP. Next, the involvement of mGlu receptors, known to play a role in LTD, was tested. In controls, there was once again no effect on baseline activity but LLTP at both 30 mins and 180 mins P.T was significantly enhanced as compared to aCSF-only treated slices. In slices from DEAF1 mice, similar to the AP5 study, LY367385 did not affect the baseline response, but reversed LTD to LLTP. Following this, the effect of 40 µM MPEP (an mGluR5 antagonist) was tested, and produced similar results. Thus, three receptor antagonists known to impair the expression of LTD in wild-type animals not only prevented its appearance, but lead to a robust enhancement of the response in DEAF1 hippocampus. Further exploration of the mechanics of altered LTP was undertaken by using Synaptic Tagging and Capture (STC) in combination with pharmacology. Results of the STC experiments suggest that there could be a differential effect of plasticity-inducing stimulation on downstream protein targets. Finally, whole-cell patch recordings were performed to examine the biophysical characteristics of individual CA1 pyramidal neurons. Taken together, the results suggest that multiple mechanisms may be involved in the generation and expression of LTD in the DEAF1 mice.

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Helfand, Rebecca S. Diaz-Granados Jamie L. "Taurine depletion in adolescent mice and implications for ethanol withdrawal-induced anxiety." Waco, Tex. : Baylor University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/2104/5059.

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Dawson, Neil. "Affective-related endophenotypes in serotonin transporter over-expressing mice." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/4843.

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The affective disorders (anxiety and depression) are common psychiatric disorders that primarily involve disturbances in mood and represent the second leading source of disease burden world-wide. A wide base of evidence supports a significant genetic contribution to these disorders. Polymorphic variation in the promoter region (5-HTTLPR) of the human serotonin transporter (hSERT) gene, which leads to a life-long alteration in serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and functioning, has been implicated in the aetiology of both anxiety and depression. Despite the strong evidence implicating a role for this polymorphism in affective psychopathology the underlying mechanism by which genetically determined SERT bioavailability influences affective functioning are not understood. In these studies I attempt to elucidate the alterations in cerebral, serotonin (5-HT) system and hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis functioning which may relate to the effect of the 5-HTTLPR on affective functioning by characterising these parameters in an animal model of genetically increased SERT expression (hSERT over-expressing mice; hSERT OVR). Furthermore, as gender influences both the likelihood of developing affective disorders and the impact of the 5-HTTLPR on affective functioning, with a greater effect being observed in females than in males, we characterise these parameters in mice of both genders. The data presented in this thesis demonstrate that the life-long increase in SERT bioavailability present in hSERT OVR mice produces profound alterations in cerebral, serotonin system and HPA axis functioning. Furthermore, the influence of increased SERT expression upon cerebral and serotonin system functioning is greater in females than in males. Additionally, a number of sexually dimorphic variations in serotonin system functioning were identified. Thus this thesis extends the currently available information regarding the underlying mechanisms by which gender and a life-long alteration in SERT expression may influence the risk of affective psychopathology.

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Turri, Maria Grazia. "Mapping of behavioural quantitative trait loci." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2002. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:89823fa1-c1d3-49e3-acb9-46da18b12245.

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Anxiety is a common disorder which affects about 25% of the population and whose pathophysiology is still poorly understood. Animal models of disease have been widely used to investigate the molecular basis of human disorders, including psychiatric illnesses. This thesis is about the study of the genetic basis of a mouse model of anxiety. I have carried out a QTL mapping study of behavioural measures thought to model anxiety. I report results from 1,636 mice, assessed for a large number of phenotypes in five ethological tests. Mice belonged to two F2 intercrosses originated by four lines generated in a replicate selection experiment. By comparing mapping results between the two crosses, I have demonstrated that selection operated on the same relatively small number of loci in the four selected lines. Analysis of genetic effect of QTL across phenotypes has allowed me to identify loci with specific roles on different dimensions of anxious behaviour, therefore enhancing our understanding of the anxiety phenotype in mice. For some of these QTL I have also accomplished fine mapping experiments: a locus on chromosome 15 is now contained in an interval of only 3 centimorgans. This work is the basis for further molecular dissection of the genetic loci that underlie anxiety and provides a starting point for the discovery of genes involved in a common psychiatric condition.

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Godbey, Steven J. "Environmental and genetic modulation of morphology, memory, olfactory ability, and anxiety in mice." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2009. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/244587.

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Thesis (Honors paper)--Florida State University, 2009. Advisor: Dr. Debra Ann Fadool, Florida State University, College of Arts and Sciences, Dept. of Biological Science. Includes bibliographical references.

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Dutton, R. M. "An investigation into the genetic basis of anxiety." Thesis, University of Oxford, 2013. http://ora.ox.ac.uk/objects/uuid:b6f96c9c-8645-4659-b288-c370c2e67654.

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This thesis aimed to investigate the genetic basis of anxiety in mice. The first half describes searches for genetic variation beneath quantitative trait loci (QTLs) and computationally pulls together data from several sources in order to assess how likely each variant is to be responsible for the QTLs. The second half describes the results of the behavioural phenotyping of three knockout mouse models. Examination of the sequence data beneath anxiety-related QTLs mapped from quasi-outbred mice identified 326 variants across eight inbred mouse strains in the coding and promoter regions beneath a prominent QTL for startle behaviour on murine chromosome 15. Variants in the genes Muc19, Gxylt1 and Kif21a were pinpointed as being most likely to contribute towards the phenotypic variation of that QTL. 12 structural variants (SVs) were also identified across the same strains as being potentially causal for at least one QTL when the search was extended to the whole genome. Testing the association between SV genotype and phenotype in an outbred murine population implied that SVs in the genes Fam110c, Fam117a and Gm6320 had similar phenotypic associations across different populations of mice, although the associations in the outbred mice did not achieve statistical significance. From the work with the three knockout mouse models, it was concluded that two of the genes, Eps15 and Car2, do affect anxiety in male animals, with Eps15 deficiency reducing anxiety and Car2 deficiency increasing it. The results for the Dstn mouse model were inconclusive. This model may need to be reengineered onto a less anxious background for future testing. In conclusion, this thesis identified a number of genes and genetic variants, some of which do seem to affect murine anxiety levels. Improved understanding of anxiety in mice will hopefully lead to a better understanding of the causes and treatment of anxiety disorders in humans.

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Ribeiro, Monique Vieira. "Efeitos comportamentais do metilfenidato e da reboxetina em modelo animal de dÃficit de atenÃÃo induzido pela lesÃo por etanol em camundongos." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2008. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=3034.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento CientÃfico e TecnolÃgico O Transtorno de DÃficit de AtenÃÃo e Hiperatividade (TDAH) Ã uma desordem do desenvolvimento neurocomportamental que afeta de 3 a 5% das crianÃas em idade escolar. O transtorno Ã caracterizado pela presenÃa de sintomas como desatenÃÃo, hiperatividade e impulsividade. CrianÃas expostas ao Ãlcool durante o perÃodo gestacional exibem um padrÃo de hiperatividade, dÃficit de linguagem e aprendizado. A Dopamina e a Noradrenalina parecem ter um papel primÃrio na gÃnese do transtorno, o que Ã confirmado pela resposta ao psicoestimulantes que aumentam suas quantidades na fenda sinÃptica. O psicoestimulante Metilfenidato Ã a droga de primeira escolha no tratamento do TDAH. MedicaÃÃes nÃo-psicoestimulantes como o inibidor da recaptaÃÃo de noradrenalina Reboxetina, tÃm ganhado forÃa como possÃvel alternativa no tratamento do dÃficit de atenÃÃo. Em ratos, o etanol administrado no perÃodo de neurodesenvolvimento gera disfunÃÃo em circuitos prÃ-frontais, levando a transmissÃo dopaminÃrgica anormal. O objetivo desse trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos comportamentais (memÃria, atenÃÃo, atividade locomotora, depressÃo e ansiedade) do Metilfenidato (MFD) e da Reboxetina (RBX) em modelo de dÃficit de atenÃÃo induzido em camundongos pela lesÃo por etanol. Camundongos Swiss machos e fÃmeas no 10o dia de vida foram submetidos a injeÃÃo de etanol (2 x 2,5g/kg, s.c., 6 h-intervalo) ou soluÃÃo salina (mesmo volume). No 30o dia, iniciaram-se testes comportamentais (T-maze, Y-Maze, esquiva passiva, nado-forcado, plus-maze, caixa claro-escuro e campo-aberto). Os animais receberam MFD (2,5mg/kg) ou RBX (10 mg/kg) por gavagem 30 minutos antes de cada sessÃo de testes.. NÃo se observaram alteraÃÃes histopatolÃgicas em cortes de cÃrtex cerebral dos camundongos lesados por etanol. No T-Maze, o grupo do etanol apresentou significativos (p<0,001, Teste de Kruskal-Wallis) dÃficits de atenÃÃo, necessitando de mais sessÃes para aprender. Os dÃficits foram revertidos pelo MFD e pela RBX. (Cont. 1,5Â0,32, Et 7,18Â0,32, MFD+Et 3,14Â0,88, RBX+Et 1,55Â0,33). Na fase de discriminaÃÃo tardia, os animais lesados tambÃm apresentaram dÃficits de memÃria, com menor nÃmero de acertos quando comparados aos controles. O efeito revertido pelo MFD, mas nÃo pela RBX. (Cont. 25,78Â0,86, Et 21,27Â1,02, MFD+Et 25,14Â1,03, RBX+Et 21,88Â1,00) NÃo houve dÃficits de memÃria aversiva na Esquiva Passiva. No Y-Maze, o grupo do etanol apresentou dÃficits de memÃria de trabalho, revertidos pelo MFD, mas nÃo por RBX. (Cont. 73,28Â4,75, Et 43,53Â4,65, MFD+Et 60,57Â1,92, RBX+Et 54,63Â2,80). No Campo Aberto, o grupo do etanol teve hipoatividade motora, o que foi mitigado por MFD e RBX (Cont. 93,59Â6,38, Et 66,52Â5,87, MFD+Et 98,14Â9,23, RBX+Et 77,3Â7,68) No Claro-Escuro, o grupo do etanol mostrou comportamento ansiogÃnico, permanecendo menos tempo no claro, o que foi revertido pela RBX. (Cont. 149Â5,99, Et 115,4Â4,27, MFD+Et 120,1Â6,81, RBX+Et 149,1Â2,55). No Plus-Maze, o grupo etanol apresentou comportamento ansiogÃnico, revertido pela RBX, mas nÃo pelo MFD (Cont. 88,06Â12,52, Et 50,53Â5,99, MFD+Et 39,86Â12,00, RBX+Et 86,29Â9,49). No Nado-ForÃado, o grupo do etanol teve um comportamento depressivo que nÃo foi melhorado por MFD ou RBX (Cont. 74,17Â23,43, Et 141,8Â19,3, MFD+Et 178,9Â12,43, RBX+Et 118,5Â18,25). ConcluÃmos que camundongos lesados por etanol no perÃodo neonatal apresentam dÃficits de atenÃÃo e memÃria que sÃo adequadamente revertidos por MFD. A RBX permanece como droga de segunda escolha, principalmente em casos onde existem comorbidades como ansiedade. Attention Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurobehavioral disorder that affects between 3 - 5% of scholar-aged children. The disorder is characterized by inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity. Children exposed to alcohol during pregnancy may exhibit hyperactivity, language and learning deficits. Dopamine and Norepinephrine seem to have an important role in the pathophysiology, which is confirmed by the response to psychostimulants, which increase the availability of these neurotransmitters in the synaptic cleft. The psychostimulant Methylphenidate is the gold-standard in the treatment of ADHD. Non-stimulant medications, such as norepinephrine reuptake inhibitor Reboxetine are gaining space as an alternative in the treatment of ADHD. In rats, when ethanol is given during the period of brain development, it may cause pre-frontal circuitsâ dysfunction and abnormal dopaminergic transmission. The aim of this work is to evaluate the behavioral effects (attention, memory, motor activity, anxiety and depression) of Methylphenidate (MPH) and Reboxetine (RBX) in an experimental model of attention deficit induced by ethanol in mice. Male and female Swiss mice on the post-natal day 10 were injected with ethanol (2 x 2,5g/kg, s.c., 6 h-interval) or saline (same volume). On post-natal day 30, behavioral testing was started (T-maze, Y-maze, passive avoidance, forced swim test, open field, plus maze and dark/light box). The subjects received either MPH (2,5mg/kg) or RBX (10 mg/kg) p.o, 30 minutes before each test session. There were no histopathologic changes in cerebral cortex of mice that received ethanol. In the T-maze, ethanol subjects had significant attention deficits, taking a longer time to learn, but these were reversed by MPH and RBX (Cont. 1,5Â0,32, Et 7,18Â0,32, MPH+Et 3,14Â0,88, RBX+Et 1,55Â0,33). During delayed discrimination, ethanol group had memory deficits, with fewer correct choices than controls. MPH ameliorated the deficits, but RBX did not (Cont. 25,78Â0,86, Et 21,27Â1,02, MPH+Et 25,14Â1,03, RBX+Et 21,88Â1,00). There were no deficits in aversive memory during passive avoidance test. In the Y-Maze, ethanol subjects had working memory deficits, that were mitigated MPH, but not by RBX. (Cont. 73,28Â4,75, Et 43,53Â4,65, MPH+Et 60,57Â1,92, RBX+Et 54,63Â2,80) . At the open field, ethanol subjects had motor hypoactivity that was reversed by MPH and RBX (Cont. 93,59Â6,38, Et 66,52Â5,87, MPH+Et 98,14Â9,23, RBX+Et 77,3Â7,68). At the Light/dark paradigm, ethanol subjects displayed anxious behavior, remaining more time in the dark side and this behavior was reversed by RBX only (Cont. 149Â5,99, Et 115,4Â4,27, MPH+Et 120,1Â6,81, RBX+Et 149,1Â2,55). At the Plus-Maze, ethanol subjects had an anxiogenic behavior, remaining less time in the open arms, and this effect was reversed by RBX (Cont. 88,06Â12,52, Et 50,53Â5,99, MPH+Et 39,86Â12,00, RBX+Et 86,29Â9,49). At the forced swimming test, ethanol subjects had prolonged immobility, which was not reversed by MPH or RBX (Cont. 74,17Â23,43, Et 141,8Â19,3, MPH+Et 178,9Â12,43, RBX+Et 118,5Â18,25). In conclusion, mice exposed to ethanol during brain development have attention and memory deficits that are reversed by MPH and partially by RBX. RBX may be used as a second line treatment in subjects that do not respond to stimulants or have comorbid anxiety.

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Lynch, Karl. "The role of 5-HTâ†3 and 5-HTâ†4 receptors in social and agonistic behaviour in male mice." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.343057.

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Avrabos, Charilaos [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Landgraf. "Brain circuit dynamics related to extremes in trait anxiety in mice / Charilaos Avrabos. Betreuer: Rainer Landgraf." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2012. http://d-nb.info/1028325533/34.

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Benz, Rafael Franzon. "Salicylate generates anxiety-like behavior and type 2 theta oscillation in the ventral hippocampus of mice." PROGRAMA DE P?S-GRADUA??O EM NEUROCI?NCIAS, 2016. https://repositorio.ufrn.br/jspui/handle/123456789/22634.

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Submitted by Automa??o e Estat?stica (sst@bczm.ufrn.br) on 2017-04-03T23:16:39Z No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelFranzonBenz_DISSERT.pdf: 10736405 bytes, checksum: ca4d2c8372c3631326a624f5404a7a3e (MD5) Approved for entry into archive by Arlan Eloi Leite Silva (eloihistoriador@yahoo.com.br) on 2017-04-11T23:43:23Z (GMT) No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelFranzonBenz_DISSERT.pdf: 10736405 bytes, checksum: ca4d2c8372c3631326a624f5404a7a3e (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2017-04-11T23:43:23Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 RafaelFranzonBenz_DISSERT.pdf: 10736405 bytes, checksum: ca4d2c8372c3631326a624f5404a7a3e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-09-20 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior (CAPES) Salicilato, o principal composto de diversos medicamentos, como a Aspirina, ? conhecido por causar zumbido se consumido em altas doses ou de forma cr?nica (para o tratamento de osteoporose, por exemplo). Zumbido ? o ouvir ou a percep??o de um som quando nenhum est?mulo f?sico est? presente. O zumbido n?o ? uma doen?a em si, mas um sintoma presente em diversas doen?as, e est? associado ? ansiedade e outros dist?rbios de humor. Apesar de estar diretamente ligado ao sistema auditivo, o zumbido n?o ? gerado a partir de uma regi?o espec?fica do c?rebro. Al?m disso, alguns estudos mostraram que o salicilato afeta v?rias regi?es cerebrais al?m do sistema auditivo, como o estriado, amigdala e o hipocampo. Estudos iniciais atribu?ram uma fun??o unit?ria ao hipocampo: processamento de memorias declarativas. Entretanto, estudos mais recentes mostraram que o hipocampo n?o s? possui outras fun??es, como processamento emocional, mas tamb?m pode ser dividido em ventral e dorsal, e a parte ventral desempenha um papel essencial no processamento emocional. A oscila??o mais estudada do c?rebro ? o r?tmo teta, e ela pode ser encontrada em todo o hipocampo. Dois tipos de teta podem ser distinguidos: o teta tipo 1, que ? resistente a atropina, possui uma frequ?ncia mais alta (7 a 10 Hz) e est? relacionado com comportamentos de padr?o motor; e o teta tipo 2, que ? sens?vel a atropina, possui uma frequ?ncia mais baixa (4 to 7 Hz) e ocorre durante anestesia, estado de imobilidade vigilante e situa??es de alta ansiedade. O presente estudo investigou os efeitos eletrofisiol?gicos do salicilato no hipocampo ventral de camundongos em estado de comportamento. Atrav?s da inje??o de salicilato foi gerado teta tipo 2 no hipocampo ventral. Tamb?m foi encontrado que o salicilato leva a comportamentos de ansiedade. Salicylate, the main compound of many medications as Aspirin, is known to cause tinnitus if consumed in high doses or in a chronic way (for the treatment of osteoporosis, for example). Tinnitus is the hearing or perception of a sound when no physical stimulus is present. Tinnitus is not a disease itself, but a symptom present in some diseases, and is associated with anxiety and other mood disorders. Despite being directly related with auditory system, tinnitus is not generated from one specific region of the brain. Additionally, some studies showed that salicylate affects various brain regions besides the auditory system, as the striatum, amygdala and the hippocampus. Early studies have ascribed a unitary function to the hippocampus: declarative memory processing. However, more recent studies showed that the hippocampus not only has other functions, as emotional processing, but also can be divided into ventral and dorsal, and the ventral part plays an essential role in emotional processing. The most studied oscillation of the brain is the theta rhythm, and it can be found in the entire hippocampus. Two types of theta can be distinguished: the type 1, that is atropine resistant, has a higher frequency (7 to 10 Hz) and is related with motor pattern behaviors; and the type 2 theta, that is atropine sensitive, has a lower frequency (4 to 7 Hz) and occur during anesthesia, alert immobility and high arousal situations. The present study investigated the electrophysiological effects of salicylate in the ventral hippocampus of behaving mice. Through salicylate injection we generated type 2 theta in the ventral hippocampus. We also found that salicylate led to anxietylike behavior

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Hall, Jessicka. "The role of high affinity nicotinic acetylcholine receptors on anxiety-like behavior: a study in female mice." VCU Scholars Compass, 2012. http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/etd/415.

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Tobacco dependence is high in women who suffer from anxiety disorders yet little is known about the contributions of nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) on anxiety-like behavior. β2*nAChRs (*denotes assembly with other subunits) are the most abundantly expressed nAChRs in the brain yet little is known about the contributions of β2*nAChRs on anxiety-like behavior in female mice. In this study, antagonism and nicotine effects on anxiety-like behavior was investigated across the life span in 6, 12 and 24-month-old drug-naïve knockout (KO), heterozygous (HET) and a gain of function α6L9S mice and wild type (WT). HET mice showed increased sensitivity to di-hydrobeta-erythroidine compared to WT mice. Aged mice showed decreased locomotor activity and exploratory behavior compared to younger mice. Low doses of nicotine produced anxiolytic-like effects, whilst a high dose of nicotine produced anxiogenic-like effects. Activation of the α6*nAChRs supports an anxiolysis-like phenotype. These results implicate α4β2*nAChRs and α6β2*nAChRs in anxiety-like behavior.

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Brenndörfer, Julia [Verfasser], and Rainer [Akademischer Betreuer] Landgraf. "On the trail of anxiety : Analysis of copy number variants as a factor influencing anxiety-related behavior in mice / Julia Brenndörfer. Betreuer: Rainer Landgraf." München : Universitätsbibliothek der Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, 2013. http://d-nb.info/1041584083/34.

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Yamakado, Hodaka. "α-synuclein BAC transgenic mice as a model for Parkinson's disease manifested decreased anxiety-like behavior and hyperlocomotion". Kyoto University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/159387.

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Larsen, Caroline, and n/a. "Pheromones, prolactin and maternal behavior : (male pheromones initiate prolactin-induced neurogenesis, decrease anxiety and advance maternal behavior in virgin female mice)." University of Otago. Department of Anatomy & Structural Biology, 2007. http://adt.otago.ac.nz./public/adt-NZDU20071019.134553.

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Maternal behavior in rodents is dependent, at least in part, on prolactin acting in the brain. Pheromones carried by male mouse major urinary proteins lower serum prolactin levels in female mice. Therefore, we hypothesized that virgin female C57BL/6J mice housed in split cages, where they had pheromonal but not physical contact with a male, would show suppressed maternal behavior. Contrary to our hypothesis, we found split-cage housed females were significantly faster to retrieve 3 foster pups on the first and second day of maternal behavior testing compared to mice housed in individual cages. The advancement in maternal behavior was replicated when virgin females were simply exposed to male mouse urine-soaked bedding. Ovariectomising the mice, to remove the influence of steroid hormones, prior to placement in the split cages, prevented the pheromonal advancement of maternal behavior. The data infer that an ovarian steroid-dependent action of male mouse pheromones primes virgin female mice to express maternal behavior more rapidly when mouse pups are introduced. This effect required greater than 14 days exposure to male pheromones. Male mouse pheromones are reported to suppress prolactin secretion. However, serum prolactin levels in split-caged housed females, where they had pheromonal but not physical contact with a male, were only briefly lowered and became significantly elevated from 24 hours until 72 hours of pheromonal contact. Despite the early increases in prolactin after pheromone exposure, levels were significantly lower in the pheromone-exposed females when maternal behavior was tested after 21 days. It has been previously reported that prolactin is important in the onset of maternal behavior, but is not required for the ongoing maintenance of maternal behavior. We hypothesised that the hyperprolactinemia observed in the first 24-72 hours of pheromonai exposure had subsequently led to the enhanced maternal behavior. To test this we injected a group of individually-housed mice with slow release prolactin for 48 hours to simulate the period of hyperprolactinemia, and blocked prolactin secretion in a group of split-caged housed females with bromocriptine, and tested their maternal behavior 18 days later. The mice injected with prolactin had enhanced maternal behavior, compared to controls injected with a placebo. By contrast, bromocriptine inhibition of prolactin secretion completely prevented the pheromonal enhancement of maternal behavior. This suggests that the pheromonal advancement of maternal behavior is specifically mediated by a 48-hour period of sustained hyperprolactinemia. It has been previously shown that pregnancy increases neurogenesis in the subventricular zone in a prolactin-dependent manner. Therefore, as the male pheromone-induced advancement of maternal behavior is prolactin-dependent and takes some time to occur, we hypothesized that long-term pheromonal contact initiates mitogenesis in the subventricular zone. Split-caged housed mice showed a significant increase in BrdU-labeled cells in the subventricular zone after 7 days of contact which reduced to baseline levels by 14 days of contact. The mice injected with BrdU on day 7 of contact and killed 21 days later showed a significant increase in labeled cells in the accessory olfactory bulb compared to controls. The data suggest that male mouse pheromones initiate mitogenesis in the subventricular zone of virgin C57B6 mice, in an exposure-dependent manner, and that these cells travel via the rostral migratory stream to the accessory olfactory bulb. As with the effect on maternal behavior, the pheromone-induced increase in neurogenesis was steroid- and prolactin-dependent. During pregnancy and lactation in rodents, prolactin receptor expression is increased in the MPOA, an adaptive change, which could lead to an increased neuronal response to serum prolactin levels, which are high just prior to parturition, and consequently could underlie the enhanced maternal responses seen in late pregnancy and after parturition. It is known that systemic prolactin can access the brain, but it is also possible that there could be local synthesis of brain prolactin acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner. Therefore we hypothesized that the pheromonal-induced changes in maternal behavior are being mediated by altered prolactin receptor expression/sensitivity and/or increased production of brain prolactin. Using RT-PCR to measure levels of prolactin receptor and prolactin mRNA, we found changed expression of the 3 short forms and the long form of prolactin receptor mRNA in the arcuate nucleus, paraventricular nucleus, bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, and MPOA with either exposure to male pheromones or pups. We also found changes in prolactin mRNA in the MPOA and paraventricular nucleus after exposure to pups or male pheromones. The data suggest that altered levels of expression of the receptor, coupled with local production of brain prolactin acting in an autocrine or paracrine manner, may cause a net change in prolactin cell signaling, which leads to adaptive responses which ensure reproductive success. There is extensive evidence that dopamine is a key neurotransmitter mediating maternal behavior. In addition, there is some evidence that serotonin may also be involved in regulating maternal behavior. Therefore, we hypothesised that the pheromonal-induced changes in maternal behavior would be associated with increased dopaminergic and/or serotonergic neuronal activity in the MPOA and other areas of the brain implicated in maternal behavior expression. Using HPLC to measure levels of dopamine and serotonin and their respective metabolites, we found a significant increase in serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the MPOA of virgin female C57BL/6J mice after 24 hours of pheromonal contact. The neuronal activity returned to basal levels after exposure to pups. The data suggest that male mouse pheromones increase serotonergic and dopaminergic neuronal activity in the MPOA, but that dopamine and serotonin levels are tightly regulated within strict parameters dependent on what physical stimuli the female is receiving. Changes in prolactin levels are associated with altered responses to anxiety. There is an increased risk of anxiety and depression with sustained periods of hyperprolactinemia, and in the postpartum period, where there are fluctuations in prolactin levels, there is an increased risk of mood disorders. As pheromones change both serum and brain prolactin levels and prolactin modulates anxiety, we hypothesised that female mice exposed to pheromones would show altered behavioral responses to a standardized test of anxiety. We found that male pheromone-exposed mice showed decreased levels of anxiety on an elevated plus maze compared to individually housed controls. Female mice exposed to female pheromones displayed 2 disparate responses to the plus maze. One female from each cage showed increased anxiety, while her cage-mate showed decreased anxiety, yet both groups of female mice showed impaired maternal behavior. We infer, that in this model, male pheromones decrease anxiety, but anxiety and expression of maternal behavior are not directly correlated. The major signal transduction pathway activated by prolactin binding to its receptors in the brain is the JAK/STAT signalling pathway, and in some neurons, in particular, the STAT5B pathway. The expression of prolactin and its receptor affect maternal behavior in mice. Therefore, we hypothesised that if the JAK/STAT STAT5B pathway is involved in maternal behavior, then STAT5B-deficient mice would have altered maternal behavior. We found that there were no significant differences in expression of full maternal behavior between the STAT5B-deficient mice and wild-type controls. The data suggest that STAT5B is not required for normal expression of maternal behavior. We propose that the prolactin-mediated pheromonal increase in neurogenesis, alteration in monoamine synthesis, and alteration of prolactin and prolactin receptor mRNA levels facilitate expression of enhanced maternal behavior. We further propose that the pheromonal decrease in anxiety does not mediate enhanced maternal behavior. In addition, we propose that prolactin does not mediate maternal behavior through STAT5B. While pheromones have previously been reported to exert powerful actions on the reproductive system, these results demonstrate for the first time that male pheromones potentially complement the prolactin-mediated establishment of maternal behavior.

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Lackinger, Martin [Verfasser], and Gerhard [Akademischer Betreuer] Schratt. "Loss of the miR379-410 cluster in mice leads to alterations in social and anxiety-related behaviours / Martin Lackinger ; Betreuer: Gerhard Schratt." Marburg : Philipps-Universität Marburg, 2019. http://d-nb.info/1187443581/34.

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Dubreucq, Sarah. "Rôle tonique du récepteur CB1 dans les conséquences émotionnelles de l'exercice physique et du stress répété." Thesis, Bordeaux 2, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011BOR21889/document.

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Le système endocannabinoïde régule de nombreuses fonctions physiologiques. Dans le cerveau, cette régulation est exercée principalement par l’activation des récepteurs CB1. En effet, ces derniers jouent un rôle clef dans la régulation des neurotransmissions excitatrices et inhibitrices, y compris dans des régions cérébrales impliquées dans la gestion des processus émotionnels. Les données existantes indiquent que les récepteurs CB1 exercent un contrôle tonique sur certaines dimensions de l’émotion (e.g. anxiété, peur), mais le rôle joué par ces récepteurs dans les conséquences émotionnelles de l’exposition répétée à des stimuli attractifs ou aversifs n’a été que peu analysé. L’objectif de nos travaux a donc été d’examiner chez la souris le rôle des récepteurs CB1 (i) dans l’adhérence à un exercice physique volontaire répété, et dans les impacts émotionnels (ii) de l’exercice volontaire répété, et (iii) du stress par défaites sociales répété. Cet examen a été réalisé principalement à l’aide d’outils génétiques (mutants constitutifs et conditionnels du récepteur CB1) mais également à l’aide d’outils pharmacologiques (antagonistes sélectifs des récepteurs CB1). L’utilisation de ces outils nous a permis d’identifier un rôle spécifique des récepteurs CB1 des neurones GABAergiques de l’aire tegmentale ventrale dans le contrôle des performances d’exercice physique volontaire sur roue chez la souris. De plus, les données comportementales obtenues indiquent que les récepteurs CB1 portés par les neurones glutamatergiques corticaux jouent un rôlecrucial dans les profils d’anxiété et d’extinction de peur observés après un exercice physique volontaire répété. Enfin, une dernière série d’études a permis de distinguer les impacts respectifs del’enrichissement de l’hébergement d’une part, et de la pratique de l’exercice d’autre part, dans les conséquences de l’exercice volontaire sur les comportements émotionnels et la neurogenèse hippocampique.Un second volet de recherche a permis de définir les rôles respectifs des récepteurs CB1 portés pardifférentes populations neuronales dans l’impact psychoneuroendocrinien (comportement, métabolisme, réactivité corticotrope) du stress social par défaites répétées. En particulier, ce travail asouligné l’impact majeur des récepteurs CB1 des neurones sérotonergiques dans les modifications depoids corporel et d’appétence pour le sucre induites par le stress répété. De plus, les résultats obtenus chez des animaux contrôles et des animaux stressés ont mis en avant le rôle des récepteursCB1 des neurones glutamatergiques corticaux et des neurones exprimant le facteur Sim1 (i.e. majoritairement hypothalamiques) dans les processus d’extinction de la mémoire de peur conditionnée au son The endocannabinoid system regulates a plethora of physiological functions. In the central nervoussystem, such a regulation is mainly achieved through the stimulation of CB1 receptors. Thus, these receptors exert a key control over excitatory and inhibitory transmissions, including in brain areas ubserving emotional processes. The data gathered so far have provided evidence for a tonic controlof several dimensions of emotionality (e.g. anxiety, fear) by CB1 receptors, but the role played by these receptors in the emotional consequences of the repeated exposure to positive or to negative stimuli has been poorly addressed. Thus, the aims of this work were to examine the role of CB1 receptors (i) in voluntary exercise (wheel running) performance, and in several emotional effects of(ii) repeated voluntary exercise and (iii) repeated social stress in mice. This task was mainly achievedthrough the use of genetic (constitutive and conditional CB1 receptor mutants) and, albeit to a lowerextent, pharmacological (CB1 receptor antagonists) tools.The aforementioned tools allowed us to assign to CB1 receptors located on ventral tegmental area GABAergic neurons a tonic stimulatory influence on voluntary running performance. Moreover, behavioural experiments led us to conclude that CB1 receptors located on cortical glutamatergic neurons are involved in the anxiety and fear extinction patterns observed in animals given repeatedaccess to exercise. Lastly, a series of studies allowed us to distinguish between the respective impacts of housing enrichment and exercise in the consequences of wheel running on emotional behaviours and hippocampal neurogenesis.A second set of experiments defined the respective roles played by distinct neuronal CB1 receptor populations in the psychoneuroendocrine effects of repeated social stress. Thus, this work presentedevidence for a tonic role exerted by CB1 receptors located on central serotonergic neurones in stresselicited changes in body weight growth and hedonia for sucrose. Besides, CB1 receptors located on cortical glutamatergic neurons or on Sim1-expressing neurons (which are mainly present in the paraventricular hypothalamus) were found to exert major roles in the extinction of cued fear memory in unstressed and/or stressed animals

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MacNeil, Glenda (Glenda Marie). "Stressor exposure and intraventricular cholecystokinin (CCK-8) administration in the light dark box model of anxiety in CD-1 mice; possible cross-sensitization." Ottawa, 1996.

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Benoit, Simon. "Impact of the administration of α-casozepine, a benzodiazepine-like peptide from bovine αs1-casein, and of a proteolysis fragment on neural activity in mice". Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0345/document.

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L’α-casozépine (α-CZP) est un décapeptide porteur des propriétés anxiolytiques de l’hydrolysat trypsique de caséine αs1 bovine. Différentes propriétés ont pu rapprocher ce peptide de la famille des benzodiazépines, les anxiolytiques les plus prescrits. Cependant, certaines différences, dont notamment une absence d’effets secondaires, permettent aussi de distinguer l’α-CZP des benzodiazépines. Bien que de nombreux éléments laissent penser qu’une action centrale reste l’hypothèse principale du mécanisme d’action de l’α-CZP, aucune régulation de l’activité de zones cérébrales n’avait été montrée jusqu’à présent. Ce travail de thèse aura donc pu montrer que les propriétés anxiolytiques de l’α-CZP sont associées à une modification de l’activité cérébrale chez la souris, après une unique injection intrapéritonéale, dans différentes régions impliquées dans la régulation de l’anxiété, notamment l’amygdale, la formation hippocampale, le noyau accumbens et certains noyaux de l’hypothalamus et du raphé. De plus, ces modifications de l’activité cérébrale ne sont pas exactement les mêmes que celles observées avec le diazépam, une benzodiazépine de référence, ni de celles obtenues avec YLGYL, un peptide dérivé de l’α-CZP, bien qu’il existe des similitudes dans le comportement de l’animal suite aux différents traitements effectués. Enfin, il a été démontré qu’une situation anxiogène est indispensable pour révéler cet effet central. L’ensemble de ce travail aura permis d’avancer dans la compréhension du mode d’action d’un peptide alimentaire ayant des effets positifs sur le comportement et les émotions de son consommateur Α-casozepine (α-CZP) is a decapeptide that mediates the anxiolytic-like properties of the tryptic hydrolysate of bovine αs1-casein. Different properties of α-CZP leads to consider this peptide close to the benzodiazepine family, the most commonly used anxiolytic molecules. In contrast, other results suggest a distinct mode of action between α-CZP and benzodiazepines, especially the fact that the peptide does not have side effects. Although a central action remains the main hypothesis of the mode of action of α-CZP, no regulation of the brain activity has been shown before. The work achieved in this thesis displayed the fact that the anxiolytic-like properties of α-CZP, after a single intraperitoneal injection of the peptide, are associated with a modulation of cerebral activity in several regions linked to anxiety regulation in mice brains, such as the amygdala, the hippocampal formation, the accumbens nucleus and some nuclei of the hypothalamus or raphe. Besides, these modulations of neural activity are not exactly the same as those obtained after an injection of diazepam, a reference benzodiazepine, or YLGYL, a derivative of α-CZP, even though observed behaviours are similar. Eventually, it has been demonstrated that an anxiety-inducing situation is needed to trigger the central effects of α-CZP. This work allowed a better understanding of the mode of action of a bioactive peptide from alimentary origin that has a positive action on its consumer’s mood and behaviour

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Naiff, Victor de Freitas. "Nicotina e/ou estresse por contenção durante a adolescência de camundongos: efeitos em comportamentos de ansiedade, sociabilidade e comportamentos associados à depressão." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2014. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=9017.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico Há um extenso número de evidências apontando para o estresse como tendo um papel crítico na iniciação, manutenção e relapso após a retirada, do hábito do tabagismo. De modo geral, adolescentes são mais sensíveis aos efeitos no sistema nervoso central de ambos estresse e nicotina, principal componente psicoativo do cigarro. No entanto, há uma escassez de estudos em neurobiologia básica que avaliem as possíveis interações entre os efeitos no sistema nervoso central entre nicotina e estresse nesta idade. Deste modo, o objetivo do presente estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da exposição à nicotina e estresse durante a adolescência de camundongos em comportamentos sociais e comportamentos associados a ansiedade e depressão. Para este estudo utilizamos camundongos Suíços de ambos os sexos. A partir do 30 dia pós-natal (PN) camundongos foram expostos à nicotina (até PN40) e/ou estresse (até PN38 para os animais avaliados em PN39-40 e PN40 para os animais avaliados nas outras idades). Desta forma, utilizamos quatro grupos experimentais: 1) Exposição concomitante de solução de nicotina (diluida na água potável, 50g/ml) e estresse por contenção (1h/dia); 2) Exposição somente à nicotina via oral; 3) Exposição somente ao estresse por contenção; 4) Grupo controle. Para a avaliação comportamental utilizamos: o teste do labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), o teste de abordagem social de três câmaras (TS) e o teste do nado forçado (FST). Cada animal foi avaliado nos três testes, em um entre três momentos: ao final do período de exposição (PN39/40), após um curto período a partir do término da exposição (PN44/45) ou na vida adulta (PN69/70). A exposição ao estresse promoveu menor ganho de massa corporal durante a adolescência, sendo o consumo de nicotina incapaz de alterar este parâmetro. Além disso, o estresse não afetou o consumo da solução de nicotina. Nosso modelo não foi capaz de alterar os parâmetros de ansiedade avaliados pelo teste do LCE. Entretanto, a exposição de estresse em concomitância com nicotina gerou hiperatividade ao final do período de exposição em ambos os sexos. Na avaliação do TS e do FST observamos alterações significativas somente após período de retirada. Após um curto período de abstinência pela nicotina, fêmeas apresentaram aumento do comportamento associado à depressão, tendo este efeito sido revertido pela exposição concomitante ao estresse. De forma contrária, na mesma idade, somente a exposição combinada promoveu aumento do comportamento associado à depressão em machos. Além disso, nossos resultados sugerem um aumento de sociabilidade no grupo submetido a exposição combinada após longo período de interrupção da exposição durante a vida adulta. O presente trabalho fornece evidências experimentais que indicam que nicotina e estresse interagem durante a adolescência resultando em alterações na resposta emocional durante o período de exposição e tardiamente, após a sua interrupção causando alterações que perduram até o início da vida adulta. Extensive evidence points out to psychological stress as having a key role in initiation, maintenance and relapse after withdrawal, of cigarette smoking. Adolescents tend to be more sensitive to the central nervous systems effects of both psychological stress and nicotine, the main psychoactive compound in cigarettes. However, there are few basic neurobiology studies evaluating the possible interactions between nicotine and psychological stress at this age. Therefore, our objective was to study the effects of nicotine and stress exposure during adolescence on anxiety-like, social and depressive-like behaviors in mice. For this study, we have used male and female Swiss mice. Starting on the 30th post-natal day (PN), mice were exposed to nicotine (ending on PN40) and/or stress (ending in PN38 for mice evaluated on PN39/40, and on PN40 for mice evaluated at other ages). Thus, four experimental groups were formed: 1) Simultaneous exposure to nicotine (drinking water, 50g/ml) and restraint stress (1h/day); 2) Nicotine-only exposure; 3) Stress-only exposure; 4) Control group. For behavioral assessment, we utilized: elevated plus-maze test (EPM), three-chambered social approach (TS) and forced swimming test (FST). We evaluated each animal on all tests at one among three time points: At the end of the exposure (PN39/40), after a short period of withdrawal (PN44/45) and at adulthood (PN69/70). Stress exposure reduced body mass gain during adolescence while nicotine had no effect on body mass during the same period. Also, stress did not affect nicotine consumption. Our model was not capable of altering anxiety parameters evaluated in EPM. However, stress+nicotine exposure caused hyperactivity at the end of exposure in both sexes. Concerning TS and FST, we have only observed significant behavioral differences after the end of the exposure. In a short period of withdrawal, nicotine-only exposed females showed an increase in depressive-like behavior, an effect that disappeared by simultaneous stress exposure. Conversely, in the same age, only combined exposure promoted an increase of depressive-like behavior in males. Our data also suggests a long-term increase of sociability in stress+nicotine exposed mice. This work provides experimental evidence for an interaction between nicotine and stress exposure in adolescence resulting in immediate, short-term and long-term alterations in emotional responses.

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Cavina, Cristiane Cursino. "Efeitos da exposição à fumaça de cigarro e/ou etanol durante a adolescência: alterações dos níveis de ansiedade e da atividade locomotora em camundongos durante o período de exposição e em período curto e longo de retirada." Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, 2012. http://www.bdtd.uerj.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=6256.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico O consumo de tabaco está freqüentemente associado ao consumo de álcool e a maioria dos usuários inicia o uso e abuso destas drogas na adolescência. Como a ansiedade pode ser um fator de risco para a etiologia do uso e da retirada destas drogas, no presente estudo investigamos os efeitos da fumaça do cigarro e/ou exposição ao etanol durante a adolescência nos níveis de ansiedade ao final do período de exposição e em período curto e longo após retirada. Do 30 ao 45 dia de vida pós-natal (PN30-PN45), camundongos Suíços de ambos os sexos foram expostos a fumaça do cigarro gerada a partir da queima de cigarros para pesquisa contendo 1,7mg de nicotina 8 h/dia e/ou ao etanol (2g/kg, 25%, v/v) através de injeção intraperitoneal em dias alternados. Assim foram utilizados 4 grupos experimentais: 1) SMK+ETOH (exposição a fumaça de cigarro e injeção i.p. de etanol); 2) SMK (exposição a fumaça de cigarro e a salina i.p.); 3) ETOH (exposição a ar e injeção i.p. de etanol); 4) VEH (exposição a ar e injeção i.p. salina). Ao final do período de exposição (PN44-45) e durante a retirada de curta (PN49-50) e longa duração (PN74-75) utilizamos o Labirinto em Cruz Elevado (LCE) para avaliar os níveis de ansiedade e o Teste de Campo Aberto (CA) para avaliar os níveis de ansiedade e a atividade locomotora. Ao final do período de exposição, as fêmeas do grupo SMK apresentaram uma resposta ansiolítica no LCE. Esta resposta foi intensificada pela co-exposição ao etanol. A retirada de curto prazo da fumaça do cigarro provocou um efeito ansiogênico. Os machos do grupo ETOH apresentaram um efeito ansiogênico no LCE ao final do período de exposição, no entanto, este efeito não persistiu em um período curto de retirada. Embora nem os efeitos da fumaça de cigarro, nem os efeitos do etanol tenham persistido após um período longo de retirada, os animais do grupo SMK+ETOH apresentaram uma resposta ansiogênica no CA. Assim, nossos resultados sugerem que fêmeas adolescentes são mais susceptíveis aos efeitos ansiolíticos do fumo do tabaco. O efeito mais intenso no grupo SMK+ETOH sugere que as fêmeas co-usam estas drogas para chegar a níveis mais baixos de ansiedade. Além disso, um aumento da ansiedade após um período longo da retirada conjunta do cigarro e do etanol, pode facilitar as recaídas ao uso destas drogas. Tobacco smoking is frequently associated with alcohol drinking and most individuals start the use and abuse of these drugs during adolescence. Since anxiety could be a critical factor in the etiology of drug use and withdrawal, in the present work we investigated the effects of cigarette smoke and / or ethanol exposure during adolescence on anxiety levels at the end of the exposure period and during a short- and long-term withdrawal. From postnatal day 30 to 45 (PN30-PN45), male and female Swiss mice were exposed to cigarette smoke generated from the burning of research cigarettes containing 1.7 mg of nicotine in a cigarette smoking machine 8h/day and/or ethanol i.p. injections (2g/kg, 25%, v/v) on alternate days. For this study four experimental groups were used: SMK + ETOH (animals exposed to cigarette smoke and i.p. ethanol injections), SMK (animals exposed to cigarette smoke and i.p. saline), ETOH (i.p. ethanol and air exposure) and VEH (animals received i.p. saline and air exposure). At the end of the exposure period (PN44-45) and during a short- (PN49-50) and long-term (PN74-75) withdrawal, we used the elevated plus maze (EPM) to assess anxiety levels and the open field (OF) test to evaluate both anxiety levels and locomotor activity. At the end of the exposure period, SMK females presented an anxiolytic response in the EPM. This response was intensified by co-exposure to ethanol. A short-term withdrawal from SMK elicited an anxiogenic state. As for males, ETOH elicited an anxiogenic effect in the EPM, however, this effect failed to persist within a few days of withdrawal. Although neither smoke or ethanol effects persisted at long-term withdrawal, SMK+ETOH male and female mice exhibited an anxiogenic response in the OF. Our results suggest that adolescent female mice are more susceptible to the anxiolytic effects of smoke. The stronger effect in the SMK+ETOH group suggests that females combine drinking and smoking to reach lower anxiety levels. Additionally, increased anxiety during long-term smoking and drinking withdrawal may facilitate relapse to drug use.

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Monte, Bruno Gabriel Oliveira do. "QTLs associados com emocionalidade em fêmeas pósparto de camundongos LG/J x SM/J." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5497.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:21:28Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4203.pdf: 1547039 bytes, checksum: fbfd6a9b5b93509ee40ca815bcf3a07b (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-02-14 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos In mammals, newborns need parental care, mostly maternal care, to succeed in development. Mother emotionality may affect development at initial stages or even emotionality of the offspring in adulthood. In the present study we investigate emotionality, in maternal period, by performing the open field test in mice females from SM/J, LG/J inbred lines and generations F1 and F2 from this intercross. F2 females were also tested in nonmaternal phase. We investigate if F2 females emotionality was associated with variation in weight gain and offspring viability. Finally, we perform QTLs analysis (Quantitative Trait Loci) aiming to study genetic architecture of emotionality at postpartum phase. Ethological analysis indicates that LG/J females seem to have higher level of anxiety when compared to SM/J females. F1 and F2 generations did not show significant differences in most of the phenotypes analyzed. In the contrast between maternal and non-maternal phases of F2 females, it seems females were less anxious in non-maternal phase. In the relationship between anxiety and weight gain among F2 females we observed that several ethological data show significant association with weight gain in some period of life of these females. However, the ethological variations do not seem to interfere in the offspring survival. QTL analysis revealed 11 individual QTLs associated to the phenotypes grooming, immobility, activity at center, and motor activity, that accounts between 5 and 9% of emotionality variation. Beside individual QTLs, we found a total of 88 epistatic QTLs involving the five evaluated phenotypes that together with the individual QTLs explain 24 to 53% of emotionality variation in postpartum females. The present study allowed the identification of putative candidate genes, as well as their relative size effects and patterns of gene action affecting mice emotionality. These results reveal that genetic architecture of emotionality of LG/J x SM/J dams is complex, since indicate the existence of many genes, including the interaction among them in a complex network of epistasis. Besides the genetic basis, is worth noted that environment also have a important impact in emotions through epigenetic mechanisms. Em mamíferos, filhotes recém-nascidos necessitam de cuidados para que tenham sucesso em seu desenvolvimento. Esse sucesso está diretamente relacionado ao cuidado materno, cujas alterações na emocionalidade da mãe podem afetar o desenvolvimento dos filhotes nos estágios iniciais ou mesmo a própria emocionalidade dos filhotes na idade adulta. No presente estudo investigamos a emocionalidade no período materno, utilizando o teste de campo aberto, em fêmeas de camundongos SM/J, LG/J e gerações F1 e F2 deste intercruzamento, sendo a última também testada para fase não materna. Também averiguamos se a emocionalidade em fêmeas F2 estava associada com a variação do ganho em peso nestas fêmeas e com a viabilidade de sua progênie. Finalmente, utilizamos a análise de QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) com o intuito de estudar a arquitetura genética da emocionalidade na fase pós-parto. A análise etológica revela indícios de que fêmeas LG/J apresentam um maior nível de ansiedade quando comparadas com fêmeas SM/J. As gerações F1 e F2 não apresentaram diferenças significativas na maioria dos fenótipos analisados e no contraste entre fase materna e não materna para fêmeas F2, as últimas parecem ser menos ansiosa que as primeiras. Na relação entre ansiedade e ganho em peso entre as fêmeas F2, verificamos que vários dados etológicos estão significativamente associados com o ganho em peso em algum período da vida destas fêmeas. No entanto, as variações etológicas parecem não interferir na sobrevivência da progênie. A análise de QTL revelou 11 QTLs individuais associados aos fenótipos groming, imobilidade, atividade no centro e atividade motora, que respondem entre 5 a 9% da variação de emocionalidade. Além dos QTLs individuais, encontramos um total de 76 QTLs epistáticos envolvendo os cinco fenótipos avaliados, que juntamente com os QTLs individuais explicam de 24 a 53 % da variação de emocionalidade em fêmeas pós-parto. Este estudo permitiu a identificação de potenciais genes candidato, bem como o tamanho relativo dos efeitos do gene e os padrões de ação gênica afetando emocionalidade em camundongos. Esses resultados revelam que a arquitetura genética da emocionalidade de mães LG/J x SM/J é complexa, pois indica a existência de muitos genes, incluindo as interações entre eles em uma complexa rede de epistasia. Além da base genética, vale ressaltar que o ambiente também pode apresentar um grande impacto nas emoções por meio de mecanismos epigenéticos.

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Castell, Almuni Laia. "Rôle de la signalisation dopaminergique dans l'amygdale étendue dans le contrôle des comportements de défense." Thesis, Montpellier, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020MONTT057.

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La sélection et l’exécution d’une réponse comportementale adéquate reposent sur l’utilisation d’informations (stimuli sensoriels et/ou contextuels) prédictives d’évènements motivationnels positifs ou aversifs. Les mécanismes d’apprentissage contrôlé par la récompense conduisant à l’optimisation de ces comportements motivés requièrent l’intégrité de la transmission dopaminergique (DA). L’amygdale étendue (AE), composée de l’écorce (shell) du noyau accumbens, de l'amygdale centrale (CEA) et du noyau du lit de la strie terminale (BNST), joue un crucial dans le contrôle de la motivation, l’intégration de stimuli sensori-émotionnels, et dans les apprentissages associés à la peur et l’anxiété. Des dérégulations au sein de ces circuits neuronaux précipitent l’apparition de troubles anxieux généralisés caractérisés entre autre par une réaction exacerbée de peur en l’absence de danger. De manière intéressante, des études récentes suggèrent que la transmission DA joue un rôle essentiel dans l’optimisation de réponses comportementales adaptées pour faire face à un danger. Récemment, mon laboratoire d’accueil a mise en évidence que l’activation des D2R au niveau du BNST et du CEA, joue un rôle critique dans la mise en place des apprentissages associés à la discrimination de stimuli prédictifs d’évènements aversifs. Si ces résultats montrent clairement un rôle de la transmission DA dans le contrôle de la peur généralisée, les circuits neuronaux au sein desquels la signalisation D2R contrôlent ces apprentissages sont encore peu connus.Pour répondre à cette question, nous avons généré des souris mutantes conditionnelles nous permettant d'inactiver sélectivement les D2R dans les neurones de l’amygdale étendue (D2R-cKO) ainsi que dans les neurones DA du mésencéphale (autoD2R-cKO). Mes résultats ont permis de mettre en évidence que la signalisation D2R de l'amygdale étendue 1) module l'expression des stratégies de défense passives (immobilité) en réponse à la présentation des stimuli auditifs et contextuels associés à un danger, 2) facilite l'extinction d’une peur conditionnée, et 3) est nécessaire pour l'apprentissage d’évitement actif du danger. Ces phénotypes ne résultent pas d’une altération des systèmes sensoriels puisque les seuils auditifs ainsi que la sensibilité mécanique et thermique sont intactes chez les souris D2R-cKO. L’analyse de ces mêmes comportements chez les souris autoD2R m’a permis de révéler que les D2R exprimés par les neurones DA jouent un rôle clé dans la discrimination entre les stimuli neutres et ceux prédictifs d’un évènement aversif ou en danger. L’ensemble de mon travail suggère que la signalisation DA via les D2R exprimés par des populations neuronales distinctes contribue à l'optimisation des comportements de défense passifs et actifs mis en jeu pour faire face à situations dangereuses Learning appropriate defensive behavioral responses to threatening situations is tightly controlled and requires a fine balance between memory specificity and generalization. However, inappropriate processing of threat learning can lead to excessive generalization resulting in the emergence of strong defensive reactions towards neutral cues. The central extended amygdala (EA) is a neuronal continuum critically involved in the control of behavioral responses towards threatening stimuli. Its core components, the nucleus accumbens, the central amygdala (CEA) and the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis (BNST), share similar inputs/outputs connectivity, and serve complementary roles in the integration of threat relevant information and the orchestration of fear- and anxiety-related behaviors. By conveying salience and valence, dopamine (DA) facilitate the encoding of discriminative learning between stimuli representing safety or threat and recent studies indicate that distortion of DA signaling is associated with maladaptive threat processing. We recently uncovered that DA gates overgeneralization of conditioned threat responses through concomitant activation of DA D2 type receptors (D2R) in both the CEA and the BNST. Despite these evidences, genetically-identified neural circuits of the extended amygdala in which, D2R signaling control threat processing, remain largely unknown.To tackle this issue, we have generated to D2R conditional knock-out mice allowing us to inactivate selectively D2R in extended D2R-expressing neurons (D2R-cKO) as well as in midbrain DA neurons (autoD2R-cKO). Our results revealed that extended amygdala D2R signaling modulates the expression of passive responses (i.e. freezing) to threat-conditioning auditory and contextual stimuli. We also found that extended amygdala D2R signaling facilitates extinction of threat conditioned stimulus and is required for active avoidance learning. Such impairments are not a consequence of sensory defaults since auditory brainstem response-evoked thresholds as well as Mechanical and thermal sensitivity are intact in D2R-cKO. On the other hand, we uncovered that autoD2R tunes the discrimination between stimuli representing safety or threat in discriminative auditory threat learning. Together our work suggest that, extended amygdala D2R signaling in distinct neural circuits contribute to the optimization of passive and active defensive behaviors in responses to threatening situations

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Lima, Vera Targino Moreira. "Evaluation of the central effects of yangambin isolated from Ocotea duckei Vattimo: Behavioral and neurochemical study in mice motor cortex and striatum." Universidade Federal do CearÃ, 2005. http://www.teses.ufc.br/tde_busca/arquivo.php?codArquivo=23.

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CoordenaÃÃo de AperfeiÃoamento de Pessoal de NÃvel Superior The effects of the acute administration of yangambin (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg intraperitoneal and oral), were studied in some animals behavioral models (open field, rotarod, forced swimming test, barbiturate-induced sleeping time, hole board, elevated plus maze, pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsion). Binding in vitro with differents concentrations of yangambin (0.5-200 microlitre), had been carried out to evaluate its interaction with the dopaminergic receptors (D1- and D2-like), muscarinic receptors (M1+M2)-like and serotonergic receptors (5-HT2)-like, as well as, HPLC studies to determine the effects of yangambin (25, 50 e 75 mg/kg, i.p.) after 24 h of its acute administration on the monoamines levels and its metabolites in mice motor cortex and striatum. The results showed that yangambin induced a significant reduction in the locomotor activity and the frequencies of rearing and grooming in the open field test, indicative of possible ansiolytic-like effect. These results can have related with the dopaminergic system, since that it had interaction of the yangambin with D1- e D2-sÃmile receptors, in striatum and D2-sÃmile in motor cortex, followed by a dopamine reduction, indicating a probable dopaminergic antagonistic action. The yangambin did not cause alteration in the motor coordination of the animals in the rotarod test, suggesting that the reduction of the locomotor activity can involve central action. It had a significant increase in the immobility of the mice in the forced swimming test induced by the yangambin. This effect, taken together with the reduction of the dopamine, noradrenaline and serotonin induced by yangambin in striatum, can explain its depressant effect in this model. Moreover, corroborating these results, the yangambin increased pentobarbital-induced sleeping time in treated mice, suggestive of central depressant effect. Yangambin in the doses used in this work, did not protect the animals from pentilenotetrazole-induced convulsions, suggesting that this effect depends on the used dose. In the hole board test, the yangambin increased the number of the head dips, in all the doses studied, intraperitoneal or oral, demonstrating ansiolytic activity. The ansiolytic effect of yangambin (75 mg/kg, i.p. and 25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, p.o.) was also confirmed in the elevated plus maze, where it presented significant increase in the percentage of the entries number in the open arms and the percentage of the time of permanence in the open arms. Yangambin 50 and 75 mg/kg, p.o., also increased the number of entries and the time of permanence in the open arms, respectively. However, yangambin 25 and 50 mg/kg, i.p., presented ansiogenic effect evidenced by the reduction of the time of permanence in the open arms which probably due to the absence of the formation of some active metabolite generated in the first-pass metabolism. The ansiolytic effect induced for yangambin 75 mg/kg, p.o., in the plus maze, was reverted with flumazenil (2.5 mg/kg, i.p.), indicating the possible participation of the GABAergic receptors in its mechanism of action. The ansiolytic effect of the yangambin, observed in the hole board and the plus maze test, was followed by a reduction of noradrenaline and serotonin in striatum, however, in the motor cortex, yangambin (75 mg/kg, i.p.), induced an increase of the noradrenaline levels, as well as yangambin (25, 50 and 75 mg/kg, i.p.) induced serotonin increase, demonstrating that the ansiolytic effect associated to the reduction of noradrenaline and serotonin depends on the cerebral area. The blockade of the dopaminergic receptors induced by yangambin was synergic to its agonist action on the cholinergic receptors, since that it did not modify the reduction of the locomotive activity of the animals in the open field test. The present work shows an interaction between the systems dopaminergic, cholinergic, serotonergic and GABAergic, that suggest the importance of yangambin in illnesses that modify these systems of neurotransmission. The yangambin presented compatible behavioural and neurochemical alterations with ansiolytic-like effect. Os efeitos da administraÃÃo aguda da iangambina (25, 50 e 75 mg/kg, por via intraperitoneal e oral), foram estudados em vÃrios modelos animais de comportamento (campo aberto, rota rod, nado forÃado, tempo de sono induzido por pentobarbital, placa perfurada, labirinto em cruz elevado, convulsÃo induzida por pentilenotetrazol). Binding in vitro com diferentes concentraÃÃes de iangambina (0,5-200 microlitros), foram realizados para avaliar sua interaÃÃo com os receptores dopaminÃrgicos (D1- e D2-sÃmile), receptores muscarÃnicos (M1+M2)-sÃmile e receptores serotonÃrgicos (5-HT2)-sÃmile, bem como, estudo em HPLC para determinar os efeitos da iangambina (25, 50 e 75 mg/kg,i.p.) apÃs 24 horas de sua administraÃÃo aguda sobre os nÃveis de monoaminas e seus metabÃlitos em cÃrtex motor e corpo estriado de camundongos. Os resultados mostraram que a iangambina induziu uma diminuiÃÃo significativa na atividade locomotora e nas freqÃÃncias de rearing e grooming no teste de campo aberto, indicativo de possÃvel efeito ansiolÃtico. Estes resultados podem estar relacionados com o sistema dopaminÃrgico, desde que houve interaÃÃo da iangambina com os receptores D1- e D2-sÃmile, em corpo estriado e D2-sÃmile em cÃrtex motor, acompanhado de uma reduÃÃo de dopamina, indicando uma provÃvel aÃÃo antagonista dopaminÃrgica. A iangambina nÃo causou alteraÃÃo na coordenaÃÃo motora dos animais no teste de rota rod, sugerindo que a reduÃÃo da atividade locomotora possa envolver aÃÃo central. Houve um aumento significativo na imobilidade dos camundongos no teste do nado forÃado induzido pela iangambina. Este efeito, juntamente com a reduÃÃo da dopamina, noradrenalina e serotonina induzida pela iangambina em corpo estriado, pode explicar seu efeito depressor neste modelo. AlÃm disso, corroborando estes resultados, a iangambina potenciou o tempo de sono induzido pelo pentobarbital em camundongos, sugestivo de efeito depressor central. Iangambina nas doses empregadas neste trabalho, nÃo protegeu os animais das convulsÃes induzidas por pentilenotetrazol, sugerindo que este efeito depende da dose usada. No teste da placa perfurada, a iangambina aumentou o nÃmero de head dips, em todas as doses estudadas, por via intraperitoneal ou oral, demonstrando atividade ansiolÃtica. O efeito ansiolÃtco da iangambina (75 mg/kg, i.p e 25, 50 e 75 mg/kg, v.o.) tambÃm foi confirmado no teste do labirinto em cruz elevado, onde apresentou aumento significativo na percentagem do nÃmero de entradas nos braÃos abertos e na percentagem do tempo de permanÃncia nos braÃos abertos. Iangambina (50 e 75 mg/kg, v.o.) tambÃm aumentou o nÃmero de entradas e o tempo de permanÃncia nos braÃos abertos, respectivamente. No entanto, iangambina 25 e 50 mg/kg, i.p., apresentou efeito ansiogÃnico evidenciado pela reduÃÃo do tempo de permanÃncia nos braÃos abertos o que provavelmente pode dever-se a ausÃncia da formaÃÃo de algum metabÃlito ativo gerado no metabolismo de primeira passagem. O efeito ansiolÃtico induzido pela iangambina 75 mg/kg, v.o., no modelo do labirinto, foi revertido com o flumazenil (2,5 mg/kg,i.p), indicando a possÃvel participaÃÃo dos receptores GABAÃrgicos no seu mecanismo de aÃÃo. O efeito ansiolÃtico da iangambina, observado no teste da placa perfurada e no labirinto em cruz elevado, foi acompanhado por uma reduÃÃo de noradrenalina e serotonina em corpo estriado, no entanto, em cÃrtex motor, iangambina (75 mg/kg, i.p.), induziu um aumento dos nÃveis de noradrenalina, assim como iangambina (25, 50 e 75 mg/kg, i.p.) induziu aumento de serotonina, demonstrando que o efeito ansiolitico associado a reduÃÃo de noradrenalina e serotonina depende da Ãrea cerebral. A iangambina interagiu com receptores muscarÃnicos em cÃrtex motor e corpo estriado. O bloqueio dos receptores dopaminÃrgicos induzido pela iangambina foi sinÃrgico Ã sua aÃÃo agonista sobre os receptores colinÃrgicos, desde que nÃo alterou a reduÃÃo da atividade locomotora dos animais no modelo de campo aberto. O presente trabalho mostra uma interaÃÃo entre os sistemas dopaminÃrgico, colinÃrgico, serotonÃrgico e GABAÃrgico, revelando a importÃncia da iangambina em doenÃas que alteram estes sistemas de neurotransmissÃo. A iangambina apresentou alteraÃÃes comportamentais e neuroquÃmicas compatÃveis com efeito ansiolÃtico-sÃmile.

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Al-Shehri, M. A. S. "Analysis of the behavioural effects of barley and sertraline in two in-vivo models of stress.Anti-depressant and anti-nociceptive effects of barley in mice and sertraline effects on anxiety in the offspring of prenatally-stressed rats." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14131.

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To prove the post-natal depression model, the antidepressant sertraline, was assessed in rat mothers (n=14) divided into Prenatally Stressed (PS) and Non-Stressed (NS) groups. The data failed to support the hypothesis that ‘the progeny of 10mg of sertraline-treated PS mothers displayed less anxiety than the progeny of vehicle-treated PS mothers’. The forced swim test (FST) was used to examine depressive-like behaviour in mice. Barley successfully increased mobility in mice exposed to the FST. Barley was antidepressant at low doses (0.8g/kg and upwards) if used subchronic; and at high doses(6.4g/kg and 12.8g/kg) if used acutely;(n=113,56acute,57 subchronic- treated). Barley (6.4g/kg) was also able to alleviate the depressive-behaviour in mice induced by the Reserpine Test (n=114, 58 reserpinised, 56 non-reserpinised) and Social ‘Defeat’ Test (n=24, 8 vehicle undefeated, 8 barley defeated, 8 vehicle defeated mice). To confirm that the anti-depressant effects of barley(6.4g/kg) were not simply due to increased locomotor activity in the FST, an Open Field Test(OFT) was undertaken (n=14,7 vehicle, 7 barley). Barley had no effect on locomotor activity and also caused no significant changes in weight (n=16, 8vehicle, 8 barley). In mice,Barley(6.4g/kg) significantly delayed the tremorogenic effects of Physostigmine (n=18, 6 control,6 Physostigmine, 6 Physostigmine with barley); reduced bradykinesia induced by reserpine (n=18,6 control, 6 vehicle, 6 barley treated);and was analgesic in nociception tests (n =20, 5 control, 5 barley, 5 pain, 5 pain with barley). Overall, barley was seen to have many useful properties, though its effect in PND remains to be assessed. Saudi Cultural Bureau in London; Medical Services Department of the Ministry of Interior in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The full text of this thesis is embargoed indefinitely.

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Al-Shehri, M. A. S. "Analysis of the behavioural effects of barley and sertraline in two in-vivo models of stress : anti-depressant and anti-nociceptive effects of barley in mice and sertraline effects on anxiety in the offspring of prenatally-stressed rats." Thesis, University of Bradford, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/14131.

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To prove the post-natal depression model, the antidepressant sertraline, was assessed in rat mothers (n=14) divided into Prenatally Stressed (PS) and Non-Stressed (NS) groups. The data failed to support the hypothesis that ‘the progeny of 10mg of sertraline-treated PS mothers displayed less anxiety than the progeny of vehicle-treated PS mothers’. The forced swim test (FST) was used to examine depressive-like behaviour in mice. Barley successfully increased mobility in mice exposed to the FST. Barley was antidepressant at low doses (0.8g/kg and upwards) if used subchronic; and at high doses(6.4g/kg and 12.8g/kg) if used acutely;(n=113,56acute,57 subchronic- treated). Barley (6.4g/kg) was also able to alleviate the depressive-behaviour in mice induced by the Reserpine Test (n=114, 58 reserpinised, 56 non-reserpinised) and Social ‘Defeat’ Test (n=24, 8 vehicle undefeated, 8 barley defeated, 8 vehicle defeated mice). To confirm that the anti-depressant effects of barley(6.4g/kg) were not simply due to increased locomotor activity in the FST, an Open Field Test(OFT) was undertaken (n=14,7 vehicle, 7 barley). Barley had no effect on locomotor activity and also caused no significant changes in weight (n=16, 8vehicle, 8 barley). In mice,Barley(6.4g/kg) significantly delayed the tremorogenic effects of Physostigmine (n=18, 6 control,6 Physostigmine, 6 Physostigmine with barley); reduced bradykinesia induced by reserpine (n=18,6 control, 6 vehicle, 6 barley treated);and was analgesic in nociception tests (n =20, 5 control, 5 barley, 5 pain, 5 pain with barley). Overall, barley was seen to have many useful properties, though its effect in PND remains to be assessed.

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Neto, João Soares da Cunha. "Avaliação da exposição prévia a estímulos estressores aversivos inatos e aprendidos sobre o comportamento agressivo de camundongos (Mus musculus albinus): influência de mecanismos GABAérgicos e dopaminérgicos." Universidade de São Paulo, 2018. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/59/59134/tde-04052018-144812/.

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Os animais são expostos a diferentes situações que podem colocar em risco sua sobrevivência. Na natureza estas situações, em geral, eliciam medo e ou ansiedade. A agressão é um conjunto de comportamentos direcionados a um indivíduo co específico, ou não, que tem como objetivo a aquisição de recursos ou proteção em situações de risco à sobrevivência. Considerando a interação entre medo/ansiedade e agressividade, este trabalho teve como objetivo estudar se essas situações podem modificar o comportamento agressivo agressividade em camundongos. O propósito deste estudo foi investigar se a pre-exposição de camundongos a estímulos estressores incondicionados (campo aberto, labirinto em cruz elevado, exposição ao rato, exposição a odor de rato) e condicionados (choque nas patas) podem modular o futuro comportamento agressivo em camundongos. Para atingir esse objetivo, os animais foram previamente expostos a diferentes situações capazes de provocar um estado de ansiedade e/ou medo e posteriormente submetidos ao encontro agonístico (teste residente intruso). As alterações na reatividade emocional induzidas pelas variáveis independentes foram medidas usando a resposta de sobressalto potencializado pelo medo e a análise de vocalizações ultrassônicas. Devido à influência relevante da neurotransmissão de GABA na agressão, as mudanças comportamentais induzidas pelas variáveis utilizadas foram associadas com o benzodiazepínico diazepam. Os dados obtidos no presente estudo após análise mostrou que a pré-exposição de camundongos a situações aversivas que provocam medo e / ou ansiedade alteram o seu comportamento. Aggression is defined as a behavioral repertoire mainly directed to a conspecific for acquisition of resources and protection. In this context, anxiety and fear-like behaviors is commonly triggered by these survivors situations. Since aggression and fear are highly correlated in the present study we investigated whether previous exposure to environmental unconditioned (rat presence and rat odor, open field and elevated plus-maze tests, foot-shocks) and conditioned aversive stimuli (fear-potentiated startle) can modulate future aggressive behavior in mice. To achieve this goal, the animals were previously exposed to different situations able to elicit a state of anxiety and/or fear and later submitted to the agonistic encounter. Changes on the emotional reactivity induced by the independent variables used were measured using the fear-potentiated startle response and ultrasonic vocalizations analysis. Due to the relevant influence of GABA neurotransmission on aggression, behavioral changes induced by the variables used were challenged with the prototypic benzodiazepine diazepam. In addition, regarding human aggression, the most effective and enduring pharmacological intervention rely on compounds that act as dopaminergic antagonists. Therefore, in our study, in order to verify the influence of dopamine neurotransmission on the modulation of aggression pharmacological manipulation was conducted with the systemic administration of the dopamine D2 agonist apomorphine. Both drugs were administered previously to the resident-intruder test. The data obtained in the present study after analysis show that the pre-exposure to aversive situations that trigger fear and/or anxiety changes mice behavior.

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Pereira, Barbara Caetano. "Avaliação da memória emocional em camundongos : efeito da injeção de midazolam na substância cinzenta periaquedutal." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6037.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:30:54Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4805.pdf: 574299 bytes, checksum: 5bb78686ed42e85503db237f6aa036cc (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-12-10 Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos Several studies have shown that benzodiazepines (BDZ) in periaqueductal gray (PAG) can produce anxiolytic-like effects in different animal models of anxiety. In addition, BDZ drugs also impair learning and memory performance in rodents. Despite the known role of PAG in modulated defensive behaviors in animal models, little is known about its role in modulated of emotional memory. In this sense, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of midazolam, injected into the PAG, on the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of aversive memory. For this, we used male mice of the Swiss-Albino weighing between 25-30g (n=7-11). After stereotactic surgery with implantation of a cannula in the PAG, the animals on the test day were divided into three experiments for later exposed to the test "step-down" (SD), as follows: Experiment 1, intra-PAG with saline and midazolam (MDZ) at doses of 3.0 and 30 nmol/0.1μl, in condition of pre-training to evaluate the acquisition of aversive memory; Experiment 2 was like Experiment 1, except for the condition of the injection pretest to evaluate the retrieval of aversive memory; Experiment 3 was like Experiment 1, except for the condition of injection post training to evaluate the consolidation of aversive memory. The animals were trained in the inhibitory avoidance task that was to distributed the animals into two groups: N/Sh - without exposure to shock, W/Sh - with exposed to shock (0.5 mA) for 10 seconds, to record the latency of descent (L1). Twenty-four hours later, each animal was exposed again on SD to record latency (L2), but without shock. The results were evaluated by analysis of variance (ANOVA) of three factors (Factor 1: condition; Factor 2: pre-treatment Factor 3: treatment) for L1 and L2. The results showed that there was an increase of L2 after exposure of mice to SD without shock, confirming that the aversive stimulus (shock) was strong enough to promote facilitation of aversive memory. The two doses (3.0 and 30 nmol) of MDZ intra-PAG decreased the risk assessment of mice, characterized by the fast descent of the platform in L1. This result suggests that GABAbenzodiazepine agonist impaired the acquisition, consolidation and retrieval of aversive memory in mice. Taken together, these results suggest that GABAA receptors within PAG seem to modulate the response related to aversive memory induced by shock. Varios estudos tem demonstrado que os benzodiazepinicos (BDZ), administrados na substancia cinzenta periaquedutal (SCP), podem produzir efeito ansiolitico em diferentes modelos animais de ansiedade e tambem prejudicar a aprendizagem e a memoria em roedores. Apesar do ja conhecido papel da SCP em modular comportamentos defensivos em modelos animais, pouco se sabe sobre o seu papel na modulacao da memoria emocional. Neste sentido, o objetivo desde estudo foi investigar os efeitos do midazolam, intra-SCP, sobre a aquisicao, consolidacao e evocacao da memoria aversiva. Para isto, utilizamos camundongos machos da linhagem Suico-Albino, pesando entre 25-30g (n=7-11/grupo). Os animais apos cirurgia estereotaxica com implantacao de canula na SCP, no dia do teste foram distribuidos em tres Experimentos para posteriormente serem expostos ao teste de step-down (SD), a saber: Experimento 1, injecao intra-SCP com salina e midazolam (MDZ) nas doses de 3,0 e 30 nmol/0,1μl, na condicao de pre-treino ao SD para avaliar a aquisicao da memoria aversiva; Experimento 2, conforme Experimento 1, exceto pela condicao de injecao pre-teste ao SD para avaliar a evocacao da memoria aversiva; Experimento 3, conforme Experimento 1, exceto pela condicao de injecao pos-treino ao SD para avaliar a consolidacao da memoria aversiva. Os animais foram treinados na tarefa de esquiva inibitoria que consistiu em distribuir os animais em dois grupos: S/Ch - sem exposicao ao choque; C/Ch com exposicao ao choque (0,5mA) por 10s, para registro da latencia de descida (L1). Vinte e quatro horas apos, cada animal foi exposto novamente ao SD para registro da latencia (L2), mas sem o choque. Os resultados foram avaliados pela analise de variancia (ANOVA) de tres fatores (Fator 1: condicao; Fator 2: pre-tratamento; Fator 3: tratamento), durante L1 e L2. Os resultados mostraram que ocorreu aumento de L2, apos a exposicao de camundongos ao SD sem apresentacao de choque, confirmando que o estimulo aversivo (choque) foi forte o suficiente para promover facilitacao da memoria aversiva. As duas doses (3,0 e 30 nmol) de MDZ intra-SCP diminuiram a avaliacao de risco dos camundongos, caracterizada pela rapida descida da plataforma em L1. Este resultado sugere que este agonista GABABenzodiazepinico, prejudicou a aquisicao, evocacao e consolidacao da memoria aversiva em camundongos. Em conjunto, esses resultados sugerem que os receptores GABAA localizados na SCP participam da modulacao das respostas relacionadas a memoria aversiva induzida pelo choque.

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Füchsl, Andrea Monika [Verfasser], Inga [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Reber, and Armin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurtz. "Effects of chronic psychosocial stress on HPA axis functionality in male C57BL/6 mice and the impact of trait anxiety on the individual stress vulnerability / Andrea Monika Füchsl. Betreuer: Inga Neumann ; Stefan Reber ; Armin Kurtz." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065445253/34.

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Füchsl, Andrea Monika [Verfasser], Inga D. [Akademischer Betreuer] Neumann, Stefan [Akademischer Betreuer] Reber, and Armin [Akademischer Betreuer] Kurtz. "Effects of chronic psychosocial stress on HPA axis functionality in male C57BL/6 mice and the impact of trait anxiety on the individual stress vulnerability / Andrea Monika Füchsl. Betreuer: Inga Neumann ; Stefan Reber ; Armin Kurtz." Regensburg : Universitätsbibliothek Regensburg, 2015. http://d-nb.info/1065445253/34.

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Serafim, Kelly Regina. "O papel dos receptores histaminérgicos H1 da amídala na modulação da ansiedade e evocação da memória emocional em camundongos reexpostos ao labirinto em cruz elevado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2012. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/5137.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T20:18:16Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 4093.pdf: 1119616 bytes, checksum: e2ff33f63d45e943c166e8047c606c07 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2012-01-27 Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais This study investigated the role of H1 amygdala receptors in state-dependent memory deficits induced by L-histidine (LH).To address this question, we investigated the effects of H1 antagonist chlorpheniramine (CPA) microinjected into the amygdala on anxiety and emotional memory retrieval in mice submitted to the EPM. Experimental subjects were 117 adult male Swiss mice weighing 25-32g at testing. Tests using an elevated plus-maze (EPM) were performed on two consecutive days: Trial 1 (T1) and Trial 2 (T2). Before each trial, mice were intraperitoneally (IP) injected with LH (500mg/kg), a histaminergic precursor. Two hours later, they were microinjected with chlorpheniramine (CPA; 0.016, 0.052, or 0.16 nmol/ 0.1 μl), or saline (SAL) into the amygdala, and five minutes later reexposed to the EPM. For each CPA dose administered, the animals were randomly assigned to four groups based on drug treatment: control (i.p injection and i.a SAL), LH-SAL (i.p injection LH and i.a SAL), SAL-CPA (i.p injection SAL and i.a CPA) and LH-CPA (i.p injection of LH and i.a CPA). The data were analyzed using two-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Fisher LSD tests. IP injection of LH and microinjection of CPA into the amygdala did not induce significant T1 differences between groups for percentages of open arm entries (%OAE) or open arm time (%OAT) (ANOVA, p > 0.05), which indicated that the drugs did not affect anxiety. In T2, the control group and the groups that received IP injection of SAL and an 0.016- or 0.052-mnol infusion of CPA (SAL-CPA) demonstrated significant reductions in open arm exploration (%OAE and %OAT) (p < 0.05), suggesting a retrieval of aversive information concerning the open arms. Importantly, the LH groups that received an injection of SAL (LH-SAL) or CPA (LH-CPA) did not exhibit decreased open arm activity; no significant differences in %OAE and %OAT (p > 0.05) were observed between T1 and T2, suggesting that the LH-induced deficit in emotional memory retrieval was not reversed by CPA injection. Furthermore, animals that received IP injections of SAL and 0.16 nmol infusion of CPA (SAL-CPA) did not exhibit decreased open arm exploration in T2 compared to T1 (p > 0.05). No significant changes were observed in the number of enclosed arm entries (EAE), an EPM index of general exploratory activity. Taken together, these results suggest that the H1 receptors in the amygdala are not implicated in anxiety-like behaviors but are involved in emotional memory deficits induced by the T1/T2 EPM protocol in mice. O objetivo do presente estudo foi investigar o papel dos receptores histaminérgicos H1 sobre o déficit de evocação da memória emocional induzido pela Lhistidina. Para essa investigação, foi verificado o efeito da Clorfeniramina (CPA), antagonista H1, administrada na amídala, sobre a ansiedade e a evocação da memória emocional em camundongos submetidos ao labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE). Foram utilizados 117 camundongos machos da cepa Suíço-Albino, pesando entre 25 e 32 g. O teste comportamental foi realizado em dois dias consecutivos: teste 1 (T1) e teste 2 (T2). Em ambos os dias, as drogas foram administradas pré-teste. Os animais receberam injeção intraperitoneal (i.p) de Lhistidina (LH), precursor histaminérgico, na dose de 500mg/kg, e duas horas depois receberam injeções na amídala (i.a) de SAL ou CPA, nas doses de 0,016nmol/0,1 μl; 0,052nmol/0,1μl e 0,16 nmol /0,1μl. Após cinco minutos da injeção central os animais foram expostos ao LCE. Para cada dose de CPA administrada os animais foram divididos aleatoriamente em 4 grupos experimentais de acordo com o tratamento farmacológico: controle (injeção i.p SAL e i.a SAL); LH-SAL (injeção i.p LH e i.a SAL); SAL-CPA (injeção i.p SAL e i.a CPA); LH-CPA (injeção i.p LH e i.a CPA). Os dados foram analisados usando a ANOVA de duas vias e o teste post hoc de Fisher LSD. A injeção i.p de LH e a infusão de CPA não induziram diferenças significativas entre os grupos em T1 para as medidas de ansiedade (%entradas nos braços abertos, %EBA; % tempo gasto nos braços abertos, %TBA), nas diferentes doses de CPA utilizadas (ANOVA, p > 0.05), indicando que as drogas não induziram efeitos nas medidas de ansiedade. Em T2 houve uma redução significativa na exploração dos braços abertos (%EBA e %TBA) em relação a T1, para os grupos controle e SAL-CPA nas doses de CPA de 0,016 nmol e 0,052 nmo/0,1 μl (p < 0,05), sugerindo uma evocação da aprendizagem aversiva relacionada aos braços abertos. Os grupos LH que receberam infusão de SAL (LH-SAL) ou CPA (LH-CPA) não diminuíram significativamente as %EBA e %TBA (ANOVA, p > 0,05) nas três doses de CPA. Adicionalmete, na maior dose de CPA (0,16 nmol/0,1 μl), apenas o grupo controle diminuiu as %EBA e %TBA (p < 0,05) em T2. Não houve mudanças significativas nas entradas dos braços fechados (EBF) (ANOVA, p > 0,05), medida representativa da atividade locomotora dos animais. Nossos resultados sugerem que a L-histidina e os receptores H1 presentes na amídala não participam dos estados de ansiedade, mas estão envolvidos no comprometimento da memória emocional em camundongos reexpostos ao LCE.

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Silva, Luana Tenório da. "Avaliação do papel dos receptores 5-HT3 da substância cinzenta periaquedutal de camundongos submetidos ao labirinto em cruz elevado." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2009. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/1306.

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Made available in DSpace on 2016-06-02T19:22:50Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 2381.pdf: 1192808 bytes, checksum: b6bdb4da58bced09244d3a1f38c4a657 (MD5) Previous issue date: 2009-04-24 Universidade Federal de Sao Carlos The exposure of animals to aversive situations, such as elevated plus-maze (EPM), activates serotonergic pathways with projections into structures involved in the defense system, such as the amygdala, septum, hypothalamus, hippocampus and periaqueductal grey matter (PAG), producing behavioral changes that can be characterized as anxiety. However the serotonin (5-HT) presents a dual role in this modulation. Thus, while the stimulation of the receptor subtype 5-HT1A and 5-HT2 prosencephalic in structures such as amygdala and hippocampus result in potentiation of responses of anxiety in rodents, the activation of these receptors in the PAG, often tends to reduce behaviors related to anxiety . This study focused the role of 5-HT3 receptors in the PAG in the anxiety in the mice EPM test. In experiments 1 and 2, mice received infusions intra-PAG of ondansetron (0, 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 nmol/0.1 μL) and mCPBG (0, 40, 80 and 160 nmol/0.1 μL), 5-HT3 receptors antagonist and agonist, respectively. As the mCPBG not changed any of the conventional indices (% open-arm entries and % open-arm time) and risk assessment, we investigated in experiment 3 the possibility of interaction between 5-HT3 and 5-HT2 receptors. For this, we perform combined microinfusions of intra-PAG ondansetron and mCPP, an agonist of 5-HT2B/2C receptors, on behavior of maze-naïve mice. The results showed that intra-PAG infusions of ondansetron (3.0 nmol) increased the behavioral indices of anxiety. None of the doses of intra-PAG infusions of mCPBG modified the conventional and ethological indices of anxiety. The anxiolytic-like effect produced by intra-PAG infusions of mCPP (0.03 nmol) was blocked by infusions of ondansetron (1.0 nmol) in the same mesencephalic structure. All effects were observed in the absence of significant changes in locomotor activity (closed-arm entries). Our results indicate that there is a possible interaction between 5-HT3 and 5-HT2B/2C receptors modulation into the PAG of anxiety in mice. A exposição de animais a situações aversivas, tais como o labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), ativa vias serotoninérgicas com projeções para estruturas envolvidas no sistema de defesa tais como, amídala, septo, hipotálamo, hipocampo e substância cinzenta periaquedutal (SCP), produzindo alterações comportamentais que podem ser caracterizadas como ansiedade. Entretanto, a serotonina (5-HT) apresenta um papel dual nesta modulação. Assim, enquanto a estimulação de receptores do subtipo 5-HT1A ou 5-HT2 em estruturas prosencefálicas como, amídala e hipocampo resultam na potencialização de respostas de ansiedade em roedores, a ativação dos mesmos receptores na SCP, freqüentemente tende a diminuir comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade. Este estudo investigou o papel dos receptores 5-HT3 da SCP na modulação da ansiedade em camundongos avaliados no LCE. Nos Experimentos 1 e 2, camundongos receberam microinjeções intra-SCP de ondansetron (0, 0,3, 1,0, 3,0 nmol/0,1 μl) e mCPBG (0, 40, 80 e 160 nmol/0,1 μl), antagonista e agonista dos receptores 5-HT3, respectivamente. Como o mCPBG não alterou nenhum dos índices convencionais de ansiedade (porcentagem de entrada e tempo gasto nos braços abertos) e de avaliação de risco, verificamos no experimento 3 a possibilidade de interação entre receptores 5-HT3 e 5-HT2. Para isso, realizamos microinjeções combinadas de ondansetron e mCPP, um agonista dos receptores 5-HT2B/2C. Os resultados mostraram que microinjeções de ondansetron (3,0 nmol) aumentaram os índices convencionais de ansiedade. Nenhuma das doses de mCPBG intra-SCP, alteraram os índices convencionais e etológicos de ansiedade. O efeito ansiolítico produzido pela administração intra-SCP do mCPP (0,03 nmol), foi bloqueado pela infusão de ondansetron (1,0 nmol) na mesma estrutura mesencefálica. Todos os efeitos foram observaA exposição de animais a situações aversivas, tais como o labirinto em cruz elevado (LCE), ativa vias serotoninérgicas com projeções para estruturas envolvidas no sistema de defesa tais como, amídala, septo, hipotálamo, hipocampo e substância cinzenta periaquedutal (SCP), produzindo alterações comportamentais que podem ser caracterizadas como ansiedade. Entretanto, a serotonina (5-HT) apresenta um papel dual nesta modulação. Assim, enquanto a estimulação de receptores do subtipo 5-HT1A ou 5-HT2 em estruturas prosencefálicas como, amídala e hipocampo resultam na potencialização de respostas de ansiedade em roedores, a ativação dos mesmos receptores na SCP, freqüentemente tende a diminuir comportamentos relacionados à ansiedade. Este estudo investigou o papel dos receptores 5-HT3 da SCP na modulação da ansiedade em camundongos avaliados no LCE. Nos Experimentos 1 e 2, camundongos receberam microinjeções intra-SCP de ondansetron (0, 0,3, 1,0, 3,0 nmol/0,1 μl) e mCPBG (0, 40, 80 e 160 nmol/0,1 μl), antagonista e agonista dos receptores 5-HT3, respectivamente. Como o mCPBG não alterou nenhum dos índices convencionais de ansiedade (porcentagem de entrada e tempo gasto nos braços abertos) e de avaliação de risco, verificamos no experimento 3 a possibilidade de interação entre receptores 5-HT3 e 5-HT2. Para isso, realizamos microinjeções combinadas de ondansetron e mCPP, um agonista dos receptores 5-HT2B/2C. Os resultados mostraram que microinjeções de ondansetron (3,0 nmol) aumentaram os índices convencionais de ansiedade. Nenhuma das doses de mCPBG intra-SCP, alteraram os índices convencionais e etológicos de ansiedade. O efeito ansiolítico produzido pela administração intra-SCP do mCPP (0,03 nmol), foi bloqueado pela infusão de ondansetron (1,0 nmol) na mesma estrutura mesencefálica. Todos os efeitos foram observados sem alteração da atividade locomotora (entrada nos braços fechados). Os nossos resultados sugerem uma possível interação entre receptores 5-HT3 e 5-HT2B/2C da SCP na modulação da ansiedade em camundongos.dos sem alteração da atividade locomotora (entrada nos braços fechados). Os nossos resultados sugerem uma possível interação entre receptores 5-HT3 e 5-HT2B/2C da SCP na modulação da ansiedade em camundongos.

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Castagnet, Nelly. "La relaxation : contribution à sa mise en place en médecine générale." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2M043.

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Bahi, Nadine. "L'agir au féminin : mise en jeu du corps et impossible identification sexuelle." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2020. https://publication-theses.unistra.fr/restreint/theses_doctorat/2020/BAHI_Nadine_2020_ED519.pdf.

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Cette thèse porte sur le recours aux agirs et les difficultés d' identifications chez certaines femmes. L'hypothèse est une mise en jeu du corps pour pallier une impossible identification sexuelle. A partir des théorisations freudiennes et lacaniennes sur l'angoisse et la pulsion, les concepts d '«agieren » (agirs), acting et passage à l'acte sont revisités et interrogés au regard de l'inhibition et du symptôme. La notion d'acte pulsionnel est proposée comme agir en-deçà de la dynamique désirante, hors processus de symbolisation. Le féminin est étudié dans le champ freudien, à partir de la construction sexuelle et oedipienne. Les fantasmes, les enjeux des destins des pulsions (position passive, rapport à l 'autre) sont spécifiés. Le féminin est caractérisé par la possibilité de pulsions à buts passifs. Une reprise de certains travaux d Hélène Deutsch souligne l 'existence de fantasmes spécifiques et la place particulière du masochisme. La castration, le type de jouissance et les formules de la sexuation de Lacan mettent en évidence l'impossible de l'identité femme, et le rapport au phallus des sujets sous la bannière femme. Le féminin est spécifié par la jouissance autre (que phallique) qui est hors langage et ne peut de ce fait se transmettre. La nécessité d 'une construction subjective au une par une est posée. A partir du concept de ravage de Lessana concernant la relation mère-fille est explicitée. L 'impossible transmission du féminin, et le corps comme lieu du féminin. L'hypothèse d'un clivage du moi structural chez les sujets ayant accès à la position féminine est proposée. Le matériel de recherche est constitué de cinq cas de femmes dans une mise en jeu particulière de leur corps. Deux sont dans des agirs qui impliquent le corps propre (boulimie, violence), une subit des atteintes de son corps, une est en proie à une extrême tension corporelle et la dernière offre son corps à tatouer. La discussion porte sur l'imaginaire spéculaire et a-spéculaire, sur l'idéal du moi, sur la mobilisation de l'image du corps pour assurer le sentiment d'existence et sur le masochisme pour maintenir l'intrication pulsionnelle. La femme a deux images du corps génitales : une spéculaire et une a-spéculaire. La première renvoie au rien, la deuxième à des éprouvés. Cette contradiction produit des difficultés narcissiques et un investissement particulier de la pulsion scopique. Le regard du père est primordial dans le devenir femme. Des agirs qui mobilisent des images inconscientes du corps peuvent être une solution de recours lorsque le sentiment d'existence vacille. Les questions d'une analogie avec la forclusion du mécanisme d'identification et de la place du déni sont posées dans les perspectives This thesis concerns the use of acting out and the difficulties of identification for sorne women. The hypothesis is that of a particular and specificway of engaging the body] to overcome an impossible sexual identification. From the Freudian and Lacanian theories about anxiety and drives, the concepts of «agieren »(acting out), acting out and taking action are revisited and questioned in regard to inhibition and symptom. The concept of driven acts is proposed as acts situated below the dynamics of desire, and out of the symbolization process.The notion of feminin is studied in the Freudian field, from sexual and oedipian construction. Fantasies, drives destinies (passive position, relation to another) are specified. The feminin is considered and specified through the idea of a possible passive aims of the drive. The resumption of sorne of Helen Deutsch's works, shows the existence of specifie fantasies and the particular place of masochism. Castration, jouissance 's ways and processes and Lacan 's sexual formul as highlight the impossibility of woman identity, and the relation to phallus for subjects positionned under the banner of women. The feminin is specified by an other jouissance (than phallic) which is out of language and there fore cannot be transmitted. The need for a subjective construction as one-by-one is raised. On the basis of Lessana's concept of ravage concerning the mother-daughter relationship, the impossible transmission of the feminin as weil as the idea of the body being the realsite of the feminin are made explicit. The hypothesis of a structural splitting of the Ego in subjects refered to the feminin position is developed. The research material consists in five cases of women showing a particular way of engaging their body : two of the mare acting by involving directly the proper body itself (bulimia, violence), one suffers from damaging her body, one is subject to extreme body tension, and the last one offers her body to tatooing. The discussion is about specular and aspecular imaginary, about ego ideal, about the mobilization of body image for reensuring the feeling of existence and about masochism as a way of maintaining the drives entanglement. Woman has two genital body images : one specular and one a-specular. The first one refers to the nothing, the second one to feelings experiences. This contradiction produces narcissistic difficulties and a particular investment of the scopic drive. The gaze of the father is essential in woman becoming. Acts which mobilize unconscious body images can be a resort when the feeling of existence wavers.The questions of an analogy with the repudation of the identification mechanism as weil as the place of disavowal are raised in prospects

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Kugener, Ivan. "Aspects du syndrome anxio-dépressif réactionnel à la mise en situation militaire : à propos de 70 cas." Bordeaux 2, 1989. http://www.theses.fr/1989BOR25214.

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Parent, Alexandre. "Mise au point d'un modèle rongeur d'anxiété causée par une douleur chronique d'origine inflammatoire." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2010. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/4044.

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Selon l'Association canadienne de la douleur chronique (ACDC), plus de 18 % de la population souffre de douleur chronique, produisant un fardeau financier qui excède les 10 milliards de dollars. En plus d'avoir un impact néfaste sur la qualité de vie générale de la population, la douleur contribue largement à l'élévation du taux d'absentéisme au travail, créant ainsi une perte d'efficacité considérable. Environ 55 % des patients souffrant de douleur chronique ont aussi des troubles d'anxiété, contribuant davantage à la diminution de la qualité de vie. Bien que la douleur et l'anxiété semblent co-occurrentes, un analgésique ou un composé anxiolytique (ou antidépresseur) utilisé seul s'avère souvent inefficace pour entraver l'ensemble des symptômes. En combinaison, une telle polythérapie induit des effets secondaires additifs sévères. Pour ces raisons, le développement de composés analgésiques (opioïdergiques ou non) ayant des propriétés anxiolytiques pourrait s'avérer très intéressant pour le traitement de la douleur chronique. Afin de bien connaître les propriétés spécifiques des composés ciblés, il est essentiel de mettre au point un modèle animal de comportements anxieux associés à la douleur chronique. Le but du projet était donc de mettre en place un modèle de douleur inflammatoire chronique chez les rats Sprague-Dawley pour ( i ) caractériser l'apparition temporelle des comportements anxieux, (ii ) caractériser l'influence et les effets de composés analgésiques et anxiolytiques et ( iii ) déterminer les niveaux plasmatiques de corticostérone chez les rats au cours du développement de la douleur chronique. Dans notre modèle, l'allodynie mécanique causée par la douleur inflammatoire (mesurée avec le test du filament de von Frey) est présente sur une période de 2 mois. À des moments précis pendant cette période, les niveaux d'anxiété ont été évalués à l'aide de tests comportementaux (labyrinthe en croix surélevé, boîte sombre/éclairée, champ ouvert et interaction sociale). L'efficacité analgésique et/ou anxiolytique de la morphine, du diazépam et du kétorolac a aussi été caractérisée. Le contenu plasmatique en corticostérone a été mesuré pendant toute la durée du protocole expérimental. Considérant les résultats de l'étude, le modèle animal développé mime partiellement ce qui peut être observé cliniquement chez les patients souffrant de troubles d'anxiété co-morbides à la douleur chronique.

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Sartini, Nelly Bellou Abdelouahab. "Evaluation de l'anxiété , du coping et du soutien informatif chez les patients admis aux urgences étude de corrélation avec le degré de satisfaction /." [S.l] : [s.n], 2003. http://www.scd.uhp-nancy.fr/docnum/SCDMED_T_2003_SARTINI_NELLY.pdf.

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Almondes, Katie Moraes de. "Qualidade de sono e qualidade de vida em trabalhadores submetidos a diferentes esquemas de trabalho de uma empresa petroqu?mica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2007. http://repositorio.ufrn.br:8080/jspui/handle/123456789/17201.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-12-17T15:36:34Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 KatieMA.pdf: 1513045 bytes, checksum: 955957b28fd14373c71d44639284077e (MD5) Previous issue date: 2007-10-11 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior One of the largest problems of the present time resulting from the economic globalization and the modern technology, of the point of view of the biological rhytms of our organism, it is offering services and production of goods available in 24 o'clock, that it demands organized workers in several work schedules besides the hours of the day. Those schedules cause a series of biopsychosocial consequences in the worker's health, in function of circadian, homeostatic and psychosocial alterations. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to accomplish an evaluation of the effects of several works schedules in the pattern of the sleep wake cycle, anxiety, stress and in the health. We counted with a sample of 274 workers subdivided in 49 daytime worker groups and 225 workers in different shift work schedules with different speeds (rotating shift group, slower day shift group, faster day shift group). From the results analysis it is verified irregularities of the daily activities, stress and alterations in the workers' health in all schedules. It was also verified thata the workers thata presented irregularities in the daily activities were the mroe stressed. On the other hand, the shift works were considered more ansious and associated with bad sleep quality. It was verified that the workers with bad sleep quality were those presented larger levels of dispocional anxiety. There was no statistically significant correlation between bad sleep quality and irregular daily lifestyle. However, it can be affirmed thata shift work schendules doesn't are the main determinant for the circadian alterations, but the answers of the individuals to the shifts work; and that the inadequate behavioural strategies to work with the effects of the shift schedules. In conclusion, individual strategies related to the coping of the work in shift (adaptation and tolerance) should be extolled as indispensable tool in the ergonomic evaluation of the work Um dos maiores problemas hodiernos resultante da globaliza??o econ?mica e da tecnologia moderna, do ponto de vista da ritmicidade biol?gica do nosso organismo, ? a oferta de servi?os e produ??o de bens dispon?vels 24 horas, ininterruptamente, que exige trabalhadores organizados em v?rios equemas de trabalho. Esses hor?rios causam conseq??ncias biopsicossociais na sa?de do trabalhador, em fun??o de altera??es circadianas, homeost?ticas e psicossociais. A presente pesquisa realizou uma avalia??o dos efeitos de diversos esquemas de trabalhos no padr?o do ciclo sono vig?lia, na ansiedade, no estresse e na sa?de. A amostra foi constitu?da por 274 trabalhadores subdivididos em 49 trabalhadores em esquemas diurnos fixos e 225 em diferentes esquemas em turnos com velocidades diferentes (turnos alternante, diurno alternante com rota??o lenta e diurno alternante com rota??o r?pida). Com a an?lise dos resutados, verificou-se a ocorr?ncia de irregularidades nas atividades di?rias, estresse e altera??es na sa?de dos trabalhadores em todos os esquemas. Verificou-se tamb?m que os trabalhadores que apresentavam irregularidades nas atividades di?rias eram os mais estressados. Por outro lado, os esquemas de turnos foram considerados mais ansiog?nicos e associados ? qualidade do sono ruim. Constatou-se que os trabalhadores com qualidade de sono ruim eram os que apresentavam maiores n?veis de ansiedade disposicional. N?o foi encontrada associa??o entre irregularidade e qualidade de sono ruim. Dessa forma, sugere-se que os esquemas de turno n?o s?o determinantes para as altera??es circadianas, mas as respostas dos indiv?duos aos esquemas de turnos; e que as altera??es homeost?ticas seriam moduladas pelas caracter?sticas de personalidade que levam a estrat?gias comportamentais inadequadas para lidar com os efeitos dos esquemas de turnos. Conclui-se que estrat?gias individuais relacionadas ao enfretamento dotrabalho em turno (adapta??o e toler?ncia) devem ser preconizadas como ferramenta indispens?vel na avalia??o ergon?mica do trabalho

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Gonzaga, Luiz Ricardo Vieira. "Enfrentando provas escolares: rela??es com problemas de comportamento e rendimento acad?mico no Ensino M?dio." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica de Campinas, 2016. http://tede.bibliotecadigital.puc-campinas.edu.br:8080/jspui/handle/tede/850.

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Submitted by Fernanda Ciolfi (fernanda.ciolfi@puc-campinas.edu.br) on 2016-04-06T18:43:12Z No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Vieira Gonzaga.pdf: 4978693 bytes, checksum: 22e5218d6daab1bb1914d2919134607a (MD5) Made available in DSpace on 2016-04-06T18:43:12Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 1 Luiz Ricardo Vieira Gonzaga.pdf: 4978693 bytes, checksum: 22e5218d6daab1bb1914d2919134607a (MD5) Previous issue date: 2016-02-24 Coordena??o de Aperfei?oamento de Pessoal de N?vel Superior - CAPES Adolescence is a period of physical, psychological, social and cultural changes, include stressors in the school context as to do academic tests and admission exams for college. To deal with these situations, teenagers present different ways of coping which influence the academic engagement, studying and coping with test anxiety, that affects their academic performance. Therefore, the coping process can be a mediating or moderating variable of the impact of stress on school performance. This research aimed to describe and analyze the relations between academic stressors, test anxiety and its coping and the academic performance of High School students with and without behavior problems, using a developmental and self-regulating approach. Participated 411 students (girls: 59.85%), with 14-20 year olds (M = 16.27; SD=1.04) attending High School on a public school in S?o Paulo?s capital. We applied the following instruments in six classrooms: Brazilian Economic Classification Criteria (Brazilian Criteria), the Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) and Adolescent/Child?s Self Report Responses to Stress ? Academic Problems (RSQ-AS) - both translation processes authorized, the Youth Self-Report (YSR) and the Scale of Coping with Academic Tests, specially developed to access the coping process before, during and after tests. We did these statistical analisis: descriptive, correlations, structural equations modeling and network analysis. Most students had test anxiety (n= 379; 62.53%), girls in particular (n= 227; 66.96%), and n=379; 20.84% demonstrated behavioral problems (Internalizing: n=139; 36.68%; Externalizing: n=69; 18.21%). The student?s average grade in the subject was above five points (M = 6.63; SD=1.18). When facing academic stressors, they reacted with involuntary responses (M = 0.23; SD= 0.04). To deal with tests, the coping process is more adaptive than maladaptive (AC: M = 55.39; SD= 10.60; MAC: M = 41.64; SD=12.80), with ways of coping like Self-reliance, Support-seeking and Problem-solving. Classrooms showed significative differences in socioeconomic status, age groups, number of stressful sources and general average. Structural equation modeling indicates that students with better academic performance were those who had internalizing problems, not externalizing problems, higher adaptive coping score, secondary control engagement coping and involuntary engagement,and whose involuntary disengagement score was lower. Students who experienced test anxiety had higher involuntary engagement and higher number of academic stressors. Students who experienced higher number of academic stressors presented higher primary and secondary control engagement scores, voluntary and involuntary disengagement, and involuntary engagement. The students who had internalizing problems had more test anxiety and higher number of academic stressors. The students who had higher maladaptive coping scores had internalizing problems, test anxiety and higher number of academic stressors. The network analysis also indicated associations between: higher age, higher grades schooling and better academic performance; higher grades schooling and more stress; and low academic performance and academic stressors (not understanding classes or homework, having trouble studying, feeling pressured to do something, and having bad classes or teachers). The behavior problems stand out in this sampling, as well as coping difficulties regarding school events, which referee a psychological intervention in this educational grade. A adolesc?ncia ? um per?odo de mudan?as f?sicas, psicol?gicas e socioculturais, com muitos estressores, inclusive no contexto escolar, a exemplo da realiza??o de provas acad?micas e o vestibular. Para lidar com essas situa??es, os adolescentes apresentam diferentes estrat?gias de enfrentamento (EE), as quais influenciam o engajamento acad?mico, o comportamento de estudar e de lidar com a ansiedade em situa??es de provas, afetando seu rendimento acad?mico. O enfrentamento (coping), portanto, pode atuar como uma vari?vel moderadora ou mediadora do impacto do estresse sobre o desempenho escolar. Esta pesquisa teve por objetivo descrever e analisar as rela??es entre estressores acad?micos, ansiedade de provas escolares e seu enfrentamento, e o desempenho acad?mico, em alunos do Ensino M?dio, com e sem problemas de comportamento, adotando uma perspectiva desenvolvimentista e de autorregula??o. Participaram 411 alunos (meninas = 59,85%), com 14-20 anos (M = 16,27; DP=1,04), cursando o Ensino M?dio, em uma escola p?blica da capital paulista. Foram aplicados, nas 6 turmas: o Crit?rio de Classifica??o Econ?mica Brasil, o Test Anxiety Scale (TAS) e Adolescent/Child?s Self Report Responses to Stress ? Academic Problems (RSQ-AS), ambos com valida??o lingu?stica autorizada, o Youth Self-Report (YSR), e a Escala de Enfrentamento de Provas Escolares, especialmente elaborada, avaliando o coping antes, durante e depois de provas. Foram feitas an?lises estat?sticas: descritiva, correla??es, modelagem de equa??es estruturais e an?lise de redes. A maioria dos estudantes tinha ansiedade de provas (n= 379; 62,53%), especialmente as meninas (n=227; 66,96%), e n= 379; 20,84% apresentaram problemas de comportamento (Internalizantes: n= 139; 36,68%; Externalizantes: n= 69; 18,21%). A m?dia geral das notas das disciplinas das turmas ficou acima de cinco pontos (M = 6,63; DP= 1,18). Frente a estressores acad?micos, os alunos reagiam com respostas involunt?rias (M = 0,23; DP=0,04). Diante de provas, o coping era mais adaptativo do que mal adaptativo (CA: M = 55,39; DP= 10,60; CMA: M = 41,64; DP=12,80), com EE de autoconfian?a, busca de suporte e resolu??o de problemas. Houve diferen?as significativas entre as s?ries escolares no n?vel socioecon?mico, idade, n?mero de estressores e m?dia geral. As an?lises de equa??es estruturais indicaram que os alunos com maior desempenho acad?mico foram aqueles com problemas internalizantes, sem problemas externalizantes, maior escore de coping adaptativo, engajamento de controle secund?rio e engajamento involunt?rio, e menor escore de desengajamento involunt?rio. Alunos com ansiedade de provas apresentaram maior engajamento involunt?rio e maior n?mero de estressores. Os alunos com maior n?mero de estressores apresentaram maiores escores de engajamento de controle prim?rio e secund?rio, desengajamento volunt?rio e involunt?rio, e engajamento involunt?rio. Os alunos com problemas internalizantes foram aqueles com ansiedade de provas e maior n?mero de estressores. Os alunos com maiores escores de coping mal adaptativo foram aqueles com problemas internalizantes, ansiedade de provas e maior n?mero de estressores. A an?lise de redes indicou tamb?m associa??es entre: maioridade, maior escolaridade e melhor desempenho acad?mico; maior escolaridade e mais estresse; e baixo desempenho e estressores acad?micos (n?o entender as aulas e as tarefas, ter dificuldade para estudar, sentir-se pressionado e ter professores ruins). Os problemas de comportamento se destacaram nesta amostra, assim como as dificuldades de enfrentamento dos eventos escolares, indicando a necessidade de interven??es psicol?gicas nesse n?vel educacional.

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Untas, Aurélie. "Facteurs prédisant l’observance thérapeutique, l’état anxio-dépressif et la qualité de vie chez des patients mis en dialyse : mise en perspective d’une approche transactionnelle et d’une approche systémique en psychologie de la santé." Bordeaux 2, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009BOR21623.

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Introduction : La mise en dialyse est un événement de vie majeur pour les patients, mais également pour les proches. L’objectif de cette étude est de mieux comprendre l’influence de la famille et du vécu des proches sur l’ajustement du patient à la dialyse. Méthode : Nous avons mené une étude auprès de 120 patients, dont 61 dyades (patients-proches). Plusieurs variables socio-économiques, médicales, familiales, psychologiques et transactionnelles ont été mesurées un mois après la mise en dialyse, puis 6 et 12 mois plus tard. Les critères retenus étaient l’observance thérapeutique, l’état anxio-dépressif et la qualité de vie. Résultats : Le stress perçu et la recherche de soutien social diminuent au cours de la première année de dialyse alors que la qualité de vie physique augmente chez les patients. Le conflit familial et le stress perçu sont les principales variables expliquant l’ajustement des patients. L’influence des relations familiales est confirmée par des analyses typologiques identifiant l’ajustement des patients. L’influence des relations familiales est confirmée par des analyses typologiques identifiant trois profils familiaux : les familles conflictuelles, expressives et conventionnelles. Les parents des familles conflictuelles semblent particulièrement à risque de développer des symptômes anxieux et dépressifs. Des analyses dyadiques basées sur le Actor and Partner Interaction Model soulignent l’importance de l’optimisme et le recours à des stratégies de coping sur le problème chez les patients sur l’ajustement émotionnel du proche. Conclusion : Ces résultats montrent l’intérêt d’adopter une approche familiale en psychologie de la santé auprès des patients confrontés à la mise en dialyse et suggèrent des pistes de futures prises en charge Introduction : Dialysis initiation is a major life event for patients, but also for relatives. The aim of the present study was to better understand family and relatives influence on patients’ adjustment to dialysis. Method: We conducted a study on a sample of 120 patients, of whom 61 dyads (patient-relative). We measured socio-demographic, medical, familial, psychological and transactional variables one month after dialysis initiation, and then six and twelve months later. The criterions chosen were adherence, anxiety and depression states and quality of life. Results : Perceived stress and seek for social support decreased over time during the first year of dialysis whereas patients’ physical quality of life increased. Family conflict and perceived stress were the main variable explaining patients’ adherence, anxiety and depression states and quality of life. The influence of family relations on patients’ adjustment was confirmed by cluster analysis revealing three profiles: conflict, expressive and conventional families. Patients belonging to conflict families seemed especially a risk of developing symptoms. Dyadic analysis based on the Actor and Partner Interaction Model pointed out the importance of patients’ optimism and problem focused coping on relatives’ emotional adjustment to dialysis. Conclusion : These results show the importance of using a family approach in health psychology for patients confronted to dialysis initiation and suggest future psychosocial interventions

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Chu, Sin Chung Paul. "Conditional gene knockout approach to investigate Delta opioid receptor functions in the forebrain." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAJ054/document.

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Les récepteurs opioïde delta (DORs) sont des récepteurs couplés aux protéines G et sont fortement exprimés au niveau du bulbe olfactif, du cortex, du striatum, du noyau basolateral de l'amygdala et des noyaux du pons (Mansour et al., 1995; Le Merrer et al., 2009). Les souris mutantes de première génération (souris knockout, délétion totale du gène) ont déjà permis de démontrer que DOR joue un rôle critique dans le contrôle de la douleur chronique (Gavériaux-Ruff et al., 2011), la régulation de l’activité motrice et des réponses émotionnelles (Filliol et al ., 2000) et l’association drogue-contexte (Le Merrer et al., 2011). Le but de notre étude est d’identifier les circuits neuronaux dans lesquels les DORs contrôlent les processus émotionnels et cognitifs. Nous avons développé une lignée de souris de deuxième génération, dans laquelle les récepteurs sont supprimés spécifiquement dans les neurones GABAergiques du cerveau antérieur. Nous avons ensuite étudié le rôle des DORs exprimés par ces neurones dans les réponses émotionnelles, locomotrices et la sensibilité aux crises épileptiques Delta opioid receptors (DORs) are G-protein coupled receptors belonging to the opioid system, which play a central role in chronic pain and emotional responses. DORs are strongly expressed in olfactory bulb, cortex, striatum, basolateral nucleus of the amygdala and pons nuclei. Using constitutive gene knockout, we have previously demonstrated the role of DORs in reducingchronic pain (Gaveriaux-Ruff, Nozaki et al. 2011), anxiety-related behaviors and impulsivity(Olmstead,Ouagazzal et al. 2009), regulating locomotor activity (Filliol, Ghozland et al. 2000) and facilitating context learning (Le Merrer, Faget et al. 2012; Le Merrer, Rezai et al. 2013), Although these functions are well-established, neuronal networks and mechanisms underlying DOR-regulated behaviors remain poorly understood. The aim of this thesis work was to identify neuronal populations and brain circuits that support DOR functions. Recent evidence showed that DOR is highly expressed in GABAergic neurons (Scherrer et al.. 2006;Erbs et al., 2012; Rezai et al.. 2012). We therefore developed a conditional knockout mouse line (Dlx-DOR)by breeding floxed DOR gene (Oprd1) with a transgenic Dlx-5/6-Cre mouse line (Monorv et al., 2006) in order to produce a specific deletion of DOR in GABAergic neurons of the forebrain. We first determined brain distribution of delta receptors in Dlx-DOR at mRNA and protein levels. Then, behavioral analysis were performed to assess whether DORs expressed in forebrain GABAergic neurons contribute to the regulation of emotional contrai, locomotor activity as well as epileptogenic effect of SNC80, the prototypal DOR agonist. Finally, we initiated a project focused on DORs detected at the level of BLA

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Shum, Fanny Wan Fei. "Genetic alteration of anxiety and stress like behavior in mice lacking CaMKIV." 2006. http://link.library.utoronto.ca/eir/EIRdetail.cfm?Resources__ID=450654&T=F.

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Wu, Wei-Li, and 吳偉立. "The Effect of ASIC3 Knockout on Social and Anxiety Behavior in Mice." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/37857988654585689743.

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博士 國防醫學院 生命科學研究所 99 Sensory inputs are essential for emotion homeostasis. Sensory deprivation may lead to emotion abnormality. Acid sensing ion channel 3 (ASIC3) is predominately distributed in most sensory nervous systems in mammals. Inhibition of ASIC3 produced profound effect on sensory and nociception function. However, the effect of ASIC3 inhibition on emotion control had never been investigated. We hypothesized that ASIC3 inhibition may affect emotion expression through specific sensory deficit. In this thesis, we aimed to unravel the role of ASIC3 in emotion control by using genetically deletion of Asic3 in mice. In the first part, age-dependent hearing impairment in Asic3-/- mice was demonstrated by acoustic startle reflex and auditory brainstem response (ABR). Asic3-/- mice displayed normal in visual and olfactory tasks. Age-dependent hearing impairment in Asic3-/- mice leaded to maternal deficiency. Asic3-/- mice showed maternal deficiency in pup retrieval, caring pups, and nest-building behavior. The linkage between hearing impairment and maternal deficiency was further evidenced by ultrasonic vocalization (USV) recoding during pup retrieval test. Asic3-/- mice did not respond to pups’ USV, while wild type and Asic3+/- mice responded to certain calling rate, frequency and duration of USV. The maternal deficiency then hindered the offspring social development. Mice raised by Asic3-/- dam showed decreased social behaviors, low USV emission and increased stereotypic behaviors. The brain 5-HT turnover rate was also altered in Asic3-/- mice raised by Asic3-/- dam. Asic3 deletion exerted an epigenetic effect on mice social behavior resulting from hearing and maternal deficit. In the second part, we investigated the genetically driven phenotypes in Asic3-/- mice. At first, we examined we aimed to know whether the brain Asic3 playa a role for emotional control in mice. In the brain, Asic3 was found expressed in mice midbrain and brainstem by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry. Brain magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) showed reduction of cell activity at midbrain and brainstem of Asic3-/- mice. On the contrary, the hippocampal synaptic plasticity was normal in Asic3-/- mice. In behavior phenotyping, Asic3-/- mice only showed lower anxiety level on elevated plus maze (EPM) than wild type mice. The other cognitive functions including fear response, depression-like behavior, prepulse inhibition and motor function were intact in Asic3-/- mice. By centrally administrated high dose ASIC3 specific blocker- APETx2, wild type mice showed similar anxiolytic behavior with Asic3-/- mice on EPM. We conclude that inhibition of ASIC3 in the brain was effective on emotion control. In the third part, the possibility of Asic3-/- mice as ASD mice model was proposed and discussed. ASIC3 gene locates at human chromosome 7q35, which is considered as an autism spectrum disorder (ASD) association chromosome locus. We compared the behavioral phenotypes of Asic3-/- mice with ASD association genes on chromosome 7q and other known ASD mice models. In conclusion, inhibition of ASIC3 produced both genetic and epigenetic effects on mice emotion. The ASIC3-dependent sensory function is involved in mice social behavior display. However, the effect of brain ASIC3 on mice emotion control cannot be excluded. Brain ASIC3 may play a role in control anxiety behavior. Therefore, ASIC3 might be a new therapeutic target on social deficit and anxiety disorder.

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Carona, Mónica Tenreiro. "The effects of cage-divided housing on anxiety and working memory in mice." Master's thesis, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10451/43344.

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Trabalho Final de Mestrado Integrado, Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, 2019 Os ratinhos são seres sociais e que no seu habitat natural vivem em grupo. Devido a requisitos de protocolo ou para proteção do animal em casos de agressão contra os companheiros de gaiola, os ratinhos de laboratório têm que ser alojados individualmente durante a realização das experiências. As conclusões acerca das consequências que podem advir do alojamento individual dos ratinhos são contraditórias, mas a sugestão geral é que o alojamento individual deste animal está associado a um aumento da ansiedade e prejudica a memória, podendo afetar assim a replicabilidade dos resultados. Na tentativa de diminuir os efeitos negativos associados ao alojamento individual, criámos um novo tipo de gaiola. Esta inclui um divisor que impede o contacto físico entre os ratinhos, mas que permite o contacto olfativo e visual. O objetivo deste estudo é, portanto, investigar o processamento da ansiedade e da memória nos ratinhos alojados neste novo tipo de gaiola comparativamente com os ratinhos alojados em pares e individualmente. Ratinhos machos C57BL/6 de 8 semanas de idade forma divididos em três grupos que diferiam no modo de alojamento: alojamento individual, alojamento em pares e alojamento em pares na nova gaiola com divisor durante quatro ou dez semanas. Após esse período foram realizados testes comportamentais, “Fear Conditioning” e o teste de supressão de dexametasona. Primeiro, foi realizado o teste de Alternância Espontânea (Y-maze), onde se avaliou a memória de trabalho e as atividades locomotora e exploratória dos ratinhos. Os resultados não diferiam entre os grupos. O teste de campo aberto (Open Field) também não revelou quaisquer diferenças relativamente à atividade locomotora e comportamento ansioso. O teste de labirinto elevado (Elevated Plus Maze) foi também realizado. Neste, o tempo gasto nos braços abertos e a distância total percorrida também não diferiam entre os três grupos, confirmando os resultados obtidos no teste anterior. Relativamente ao “Fear Conditioning”, também podemos afirmar que não foram observadas diferenças significativas entre os grupos experimentais. Por último, o teste de supressão da dexametasona foi realizado para avaliar a responsividade do eixo hipotálamo-hipófise-adrenal (HPA). Alguns ratinhos foram tratados com dexametasona (análogo sintético da corticosterona), a qual consegue através de um mecanismo de feedback negativo suprimir a libertação de corticosterona nos ratinhos. Todos os grupos apresentaram níveis basais de corticosterona semelhantes entre eles. Dissecámos as glândulas supra-renais e a hipófise para análise posterior, pois o peso das glândulas supra-renais está associado à ansiedade e ao stress. O peso da glândula pituitária e adrenal normalizado em relação ao peso corporal não diferiu significativamente entre os grupos experimentais. Assim, os nossos resultados sugerem que tanto as quatro como as dez semanas de alojamento individual não afetaram a ansiedade nem a memória dos ratinhos, um tópico muito debatido em vista do bem-estar animal. As observações comportamentais foram consistentes com os níveis séricos de corticosterona, pois o teste de supressão da dexametasona sugeriu que não existia desregulação do eixo HPA em nenhuma das condições experimentais. Ambas as guidelines Americana e Europeias continuam a defender a importância de manter os ratos e ratinhos alojados em grupo. No entanto, resultados obtidos não mostram qualquer influência do alojamento individual no bem-estar do animal. Mais estudos são necessários para confirmar estes resultados e para compreender melhor o modo como a ansiedade e a memória são afetadas pelas condições de alojamento dos ratinhos de laboratório. Mice are social beings and they live in group in their natural habitat. Due to protocol requirements or for animal protection in case of aggression against cage mates, laboratory mice are individually housed during some experiments. The conclusions about the consequences that can result from the individual accommodation of mice are contradictory, but a general suggestion is that the individual accommodation of the mouse is associated with increased anxiety and impaired memory, what can influence the replicability of results. To lessen the effects associated with individual housing, we created a new type of cage. This cage includes a cage divider that separates mice and prevents physical contact between mice but allows visual and olfactory contact. The purpose of this study is, therefore, to investigate how housing in this new type of cage affects anxiety and working memory compared with mice that are paired and individually housed. Male eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were divided into three groups that differ in the mode of housing: individual housing, paired housed and paired in a new divider cage. They were housed for either four or ten weeks. After this period, several behavioural tests, fear conditioning and the dexamethasone suppression test were performed. First, the Y-maze Spontaneous Alternation test was performed, which assesses working memory, locomotive and exploratory activities of the mice. These parameters did not differ between groups. The open field test also revealed no significant differences in locomotor activity and anxiety-like behavior. The elevated plus maze test was also performed and revealed that the time spent in the open arms and the total distance travelled did not differ between the three groups, confirming the results obtained in the previous tests. Additionally, the Fear Conditioning test confirmed that housing conditions did not affect anxiety-like behavior in neither of the three groups. Finally, the dexamethasone suppression test was performed to assess the responsiveness of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Finally, mice were treated with the synthetic corticosterone analogue dexamethasone, which can, through a negative feedback mechanism, suppress corticosterone release in the mouse. There were no differences in corticosterone levels between the groups. We dissected the adrenal glands and pituitary gland for further analysis, as the weight of the adrenal glands is associated with anxiety and stress. The weight of the pituitary gland and adrenal gland normalized against body weight did not significantly differ between experimental groups. Therefore, our results suggest that both four weeks and ten weeks of individual accommodation do not affect the anxiety or memory of mice, a much-debated topic in view of animal welfare. Results obtained in the behavioural tests corresponded with corticosterone levels, as the dexamethasone suppression test suggested that there is no HPA axis dysregulation under any of the experimental conditions. Both the American and European guidelines continue to defend the importance of keeping rats and mice group housed. However, the results obtained in this study indicate that individual housing up to ten weeks does not affect anxiety and working memory. Further studies are required to confirm these results and to gain a better and more in depth understanding on how anxiety-like behavior and working memory are affected by various housing conditions in laboratory mice. Vrije Universiteit Brussels (VUB); Hospital Cuf Descobertas; Farmácia Aguiar

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Bok, Philane, and 莫斐玲. "Investigate the effect of anxiety-like behaviour on Neuroligin 2 R215H knock-in mice." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/n998c7.

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碩士 長庚大學 生物醫學研究所 106 Synapse, the building block for signaling transmission between neurons in the brain plays an important role in the orchestra of a functional nervous system. Malfunction of the synapses might lead to neurodevelopmental diseases such as autism. Neuroligins (NLGNs) are the postsynaptic cell adhesion molecules that interact with presynaptic neurexins in regulation of synapse function. Among five of the neuroligins that have been discovered, neuroligin 2 (NLGN2) is one of the adhesion proteins that only presence in the inhibitory synapse and dysfunction of NLGN2 has been reported to associate with several neuropsychiatric disorders including anxiety, but the underlining mechanism remains unclear. Here we demonstrate that a mouse model with knock-in of human Nlgn2 exon 3 missense mutations R215H showed anxiety-like behaviours and decrease of PPI value in condition that without any external stress. Furthermore, we found that the HPA axis activity is higher in R215H knock-in mice with higher plasma corticosterone level detected 30 minutes after restraint stress. Intriguingly, neuronal activities in hippocampal dentate gyrus and CA3 regions and amygdala BLA region are decreased with less c-Fos, an immediate early gene often used as a marker for neuronal activation were detected in KI animals after acute stress. In mRNA expression analysis, GABA related gad67 neuron and parvalbumin interneuron as well as the some of the GABAA receptor subunits are up-regulated in prefrontal cortex of KI mice. Altogether, our findings revealed that the anxiety-like behaviour in R215H mice is related to higher HPA axis activity and the up-regulation of GABAergic neuronal transmission pathway in prefrontal cortex region of mouse brain.

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Tu, Chun-Hsien, and 杜俊賢. "Effects of Juniper and Bergamot Essential Oils on Anxiety and Methamphetamine Reward in Mice." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/67366770096159589615.

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碩士 國立成功大學 行為醫學研究所 92 The effects of juniper and bergamot essential oils (EOs) on modulating naïve anxiety responses in the elevated plus-maze (EPM) paradigm and psychostimulant-associated reinforcing efficacy in methamphetamine (MA)-induced conditioned place preference (CPP) paradigm were investigated in the current study. We found that the time spent in the open arms was higher in the juniper- and bergamot-treated groups as compared to it in vehicle-treated group, suggesting the potentially anxiolytic effects of these two EOs. Acute injections with juniper EO (1.8 g/kg, i.p., s.c.) or bergamot EO (1.8 g/kg, i.p.) before the conditioning attenuated the acquisition of MA-induced CPP, while chronic pretreatment with either EO (1.8 g/kg, s.c.) did not attenuate the acquisition of MA-induced CPP. Acute administration of both EOs did not seem to affect mouse locomotor activity. Taken together, we conclude that both juniper and bergamot EOs may exhibit anxiolytic effects and attenuate the reinforcing efficacy of MA in a dose not affecting the locomotor activity.

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Silva, Joana Andreia Joaquim da. "Characterization of the behavioural phenotype of calpain-knockout mice." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.1/8652.

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Dissertação de Mestrado, Ciências Biomédicas, Departamento de Ciências Biomédicas e Medicina, Universidade do Algarve, 2016 Adult neurogenesis consists of the production of new neurons in specific brain regions, or neurogenic niches. The most relevant niches in rodents are the subventricular zone lining the lateral ventricles and the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Neurogenesis has been shown to influence cognitive function dependent on these regions. Evidence from the literature suggests that calpains are able to influence neurogenesis. However, little information is available regarding their participation in neurological functions. We have evaluated the involvement of calpains in cognitive and emotional behaviour by evaluating these functions in mice genetically modified to lack calpain 1, calpain 2, or both calpains. In this work, 12 week old calpain knockout mice for calpain 1, calpain 2, both, or wild type (WT) littermates were used. The mice were tested in the open field, object recognition, Morris water maze, contextual and cued fear conditioning, passive avoidance, elevated plus maze and forced swimming tests, to evaluate neurological function. Results from the elevated plus maze show that calpain2 knockout mice and double knockout mice present an anxious phenotype comparing with WT mice, suggesting that calpain 2, but not calpain 1, is involved in anxiety. Memory, learning, locomotor activity and exploratory behaviour as well as helplessness were similar in calpain knockout and WT mice. Neurogenesis in calpain knockout mice was also similar to WT mice. Overall, our work shows that calpain 2 is involved in anxiety and a clear phenotype was identified in calpain knockout mice regarding their involvement in memory and learning, which is agreement with previously published data using mice that lack the small regulatory subunit of calpains. A neurogénese corresponde ao processo pelo qual novos neurónios são formados e ocorre em regiões específicas do cérebro, chamadas de nichos neurogénicos, tais como no hipocampo e nas paredes dos ventrículos laterais. Actualmente, sabe-se que a neurogénese está envolvida em funções cognitivas dependentes dessas mesmas regiões. Para além disso, tem-se vindo a identificar a influência das calpaínas na neurogénese, mas ainda pouco se sabe sobre de que forma as calpaínas influenciam este processo. Neste trabalho, de modo a avaliar o envolvimento das calpaínas no comportamento cognitivo e emocional, foram utilizados murganhos geneticamente modificados (murganhos sem calpaína1, sem calpaína2 e sem as duas). Neste trabalho, utilizámos murganhos com 12 semanas geneticamente modificados e os que apresentavam um genótipo WT, foram utilizados como controlo. De modo a avaliar as funções neurológicas, estes murganhos foram submetidos a vários testes de comportamento: campo aberto, reconhecimento de objectos, labirinto aquático, condicionamento por medo associado ao contexto e estímulo, esquiva aversiva, labirinto elevado em forma de cruz e natação forçada. No teste do labirinto elevado em forma de cruz, murganhos com knockout para a calpaína2 e para as duas calpaínas, apresentaram um fenótipo mais ansioso comparativamente com os murganhos WT. Estes resultados sugerem que a calpaína2, mas não a calpaína1, está envolvida na ansiedade. A memória, aprendizagem, actividade motora e exploratória, bem como a tendência para a depressão foram semelhantes nos murganhos knockout e nos murganhos WT. No geral, o nosso trabalho mostra que a calpaína2 está envolvida na ansiedade. No entanto, o fenótipo identificado nos murganhos knockouts relativos à memória e aprendizagem é normal. Estes resultados estão de acordo com informação publicada anteriormente em murganhos sem a subunidade pequena das calpaínas.

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Sun, Chao. "Behavioural effects of enhanced expression of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 or knockout of ecto-5’-nucleotidase in mice." 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1993/5274.

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Adenosine is an important neuromodulator. In the present study, we used mice with expression of human ENT1 (hENT1) and deficiency of CD73, respectively, to address the relative importance of intracellular and extracellular pathways in adenosine regulation. [3H]Nitrobenzylthioinosine binding assays were performed and found increased expression of hENT1 with increased gene dose. We performed a series of behavioural experiments with caffeine and ethanol and compared hENT1 heterozygous and homozygous transgenic mice to their wild type littermates. We found that the expression of hENT1 leads to a change in behavioural responses relative to wild type mice, but no sign of a gene dose dependent increase was observed. With CD73 knockout mice, we performed a series of behavioural experiments with caffeine and ethanol that showed a change in adenosine related behaviours. We also performed experiments that tested anxiety-like behaviours and found reduced anxiety-like behaviours with CD73 knockout mice relative to wild type mice. These studies show that mice with enhanced expression of ENT1 or knockout of CD73 have altered extracellular level of adenosine.

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Su, Shu-Wen, and 蘇淑文. "Prenatal exposure of bupropion may enhance agitation, anxiety responses, and sensitivity to cocaine effects in adult mice." Thesis, 2007. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/35663562863161930364.

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碩士 國立成功大學 行為醫學研究所 95 Major depression and dysthymia afflict a proportion of gravid and breast-feeding women. These women are frequently recommended on antidepressants to relieve their symptoms even if the drugs’ effects on fetal growth and postnatal development are not completely known. In a previous study, we reported that prenatal bupropion, but not fluvoxamine, citalopram, or trazodone, exposure seemed to enhance the hedonic value of cocaine in adult mice. This study was undertaken to examine the dose-related effects for prenatal bupropion exposure on altering the stress susceptibility, cocaine-associated reinforcing property, and cocaine-induced sensitization in adult mice. Our results showed that various doses (ranging 12.5-50 mg/kg) of prenatal bupropion administration at the third trimester of pregnancy did not alter body weight of the adult mice. Bupropion administration at 50 mg/kg enhanced both ambulatory and rearing responses in the open field test. Moreover, bupropion administration (at 25 and 50 mg/kg) significantly decreased the numbers in open arm entry in the elevated plus maze test. Furthermore, prenatal bupropion treatment appeared to facilitate the cocaine-induced place preference in a sex-dependent manner. Finally, prenatal bupropion exposure (at 25 and 50 mg/kg) accelerated and elevated the development of cocaine-induced sensitization in locomotor activity. While the antidepressant and smoking-curbing effects of bupropion have been addressed in literature, we suggest that prenatal bupropion exposure could run a risk of enhancing individual’s agitation, stress susceptibility and cocaine stimulating propensity in adulthood.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Mice Mice Anxiety'

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