Academic literature on the topic 'Mice : nature study : juvenile literature'

COVID-19 mitigation efforts resulted in many schools making the transition to online and remote instruction. Juvenile delinquents, as a group, attained lower academic achievement before the pandemic, and little was known how juvenile delinquents’ education fared after schools ceased face-to-face instruction. Using a mixed methods approach, three steps were conducted to analyze the education of juvenile delinquents in the United States: a qualitative literature review, a grounded theory study of teachers’ concerns in traditional schools, and an instrumental case study of juvenile delinquents’ enrollment during COVID-19. Researchers and experts recommended the development of a community online and in remote instruction, but most teachers felt overwhelmed and unable to rise to the challenge. Juvenile delinquents responded by most students disappearing from school attendance rolls. A grand theme, to shift the nature of online learning, is offered based upon the convergence of the research findings. A theory of humanistic schooling online, centered on a community of learners with the dimensions of academics, physical health, social, and attention to the individual, offers to radically transform practices and past recommendations.

AbstractIn late eighteenth- and early nineteenth-century Britain, many contemporaries observed a striking phenomenon: that children were especially active in the boycotts of sugar produced by enslaved people. First-hand accounts often suggested that children's activism was unilateral and unmediated, whereas historians of British abolitionism have tended to assume that children were passive recipients of antislavery literature and adult influence. Engaging with both the historiography on British abolitionism and the new histories of childhood, this article examines the nature of juvenile engagement within the sugar boycotts. Collecting together some of the extensive but dispersed evidence of juvenile antislavery across the country, and focusing upon a case study of the Plymley household of Shropshire during the early 1790s, we explore the intricacies of children's involvement. Children's agency, we argue, needs to be understood as a specific, historicised phenomenon. Adults often chose to represent children's abolitionist activities as self-determined, for their participation in the boycotts affirmed both adult positions and their own child-rearing practices. However, whilst adults frequently solicited particular types of juvenile response, children often responded independently and in unexpected ways, negotiating their own positions in relation to their parents, siblings, and peers. We situate juvenile antislavery as a recursive process, operating within complex, intergenerational interactions.

Much attention in society is given to the problem of the impact of criminal and legal measures on juvenile offenders but it does not lead to radical change. Juveniles often commit various types of criminal offenses related to drug use and violence. In the process of analyzing the Criminal Code of Ukraine and special literature in order to study the legal nature of other measures of criminal law applicable to minors, the following their types are investigated: coercive measures of medical nature, special confiscation and coercive measures of educational nature. In order to treat, improve the mental state, prevent committing of new offenses against minors, coercive measures of medical nature are applied. Namely they are: providing compulsory outpatient psychiatric care; hospitalization in a psychiatric institution with regular supervision; hospitalization in a psychiatric institution of intensive care; hospitalization in a psychiatric institution under strict supervision. Special confiscation is a compulsory, gratuitous seizure by a court of state property of money, property and other property and applies to a minor in general. Determining the type of coercive measure takes place in court and depends on the severity of the crime and other circumstances. Coercive measures of educational nature are measures aimed at educating minors, providing additional control over them and preventing from committing of new socially dangerous actions. Types of such measures are warnings; restriction of leisure and establishment of special requirements for minor’s behavior; transferring under the supervision of parents or persons replacing them, or teaching or work staff with their consent, or individual citizens at their request; imposing on a minor who has reached the age of fifteen and has property, money or earnings, the obligation to compensate for the property damage caused; referral of a minor to a special educational institution and appointment of a minor educator. Key words: juvenile criminal law, Criminal Code of Ukraine, coercive measures of medical nature, special confiscation, coercive measures of educational nature, punishment.

Indonesia merupakan salah satu daerah penyebaran dan pengekspor ikan napoleon (Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell 1835) di dunia. Pemanfatan jenis ikan ini telah diatur baik ditingkat nasional yang dilindungi terbatas berdasarkan ukuran dan ditingkat internasional masuk di dalam daftar Appendiks II CITES. Salah satu kabupaten di Indonesia yang memiliki sumber daya ikan napoleon melimpah adalah Kabupaten Natuna. Pemanfaatan sumber daya ikan napoleon dengan cara membesarkan anakan yang ditangkap dari alam. Tulisan ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan kegiatan pemanfaatan dan opsi pengelolaan sumber daya ikan napoleon di Kabupaten Natuna. Metodologi pengumpulan data dan informasi dilakukan dengan studi literatur yang dianalisis secara deskriptif. Hasil sintesis menunjukkan, kegiatan pemanfaatan ikan napoleon di Kabupaten Natuna terdiri atas penangkapan benih di alam dan pembesaran di karamba. Kedua kegiatan tersebut merupakan sebagai rangkaian kegiatan yang tidak terpisahkan sehingga membentuk sistem perikanan budidaya. Hasil identifikasi terhadap kode sumber produksi hasil kegiatan budidaya ikan napoleon di Kabupaten Natuna sebagai penangkaran (ranching/”R”). Oleh karena itu, volume kuota ekspor ikan napoleon dari Kabupaten Natuna diberikan di luar volume kuota yang selama ini berlaku. Pengembangan sistem budidaya tersebut harus mempertimbangkan prinsip kehati-hatian di dalam penangkapan anakan dari alam. Keadaan ini perlu dilakukan upaya pengelolaan yang tepat melalui: i) pembatasan ukuran anakan ikan yang ditangkap; ii) membentuk kawasan suaka perikanan; iii) restoking hasil budidaya ke alam; iv) pengendalian penangkapan dan v) pengembangan kelembagaan pemanfaat.Indonesia is one of the distribution regions and exporter country of napoleon fish (Cheilinus undulatus Rüppell 1835) in the world. The utilization of this species has been regulated at the national level with limited protection based on size and at the international level included in the CITES Appendix II. Natuna waters are one of distribution area of napoleon fish in Indonesia, where it could be found in the high abundance. Utilization of napoleon resources by raising juvenile were captured from nature. The aim of this paper is to described the utilization activities and management options of napoleon in Natuna Regency. Data and information were collected through literature study then descriptively analized. Result showed that the sea ranching activity are divided into two main steps, there are catch of juvenile in nature and growing up the juvenile in cage. The both of these activities are as a series of activities that are inseparable part, so establish aquaculture system. Identification results to the source code of aquaculture activity production of napoleon in Natura Regency as a rancing/R. Therefore, the quota volume of napoleon export from Natuna regency is given outside the quota volume that has been in force. The development of the aquaculture system must consider the precautionary principle in the capturing juvenile from nature. To improve the management measures of napoleon fish in Natuna waters, the sea ranching activity is need to be combined with: i) limitation of fish size caught in nature, ii) develop napoleon fish sanctuary in nature to protect napoleon fish brooder, iii) restocking of sea ranched fish, iv) effort control, v) governance development of napoleon fish stake holder.

Russia's accession to the Council of Europe and the signing of relevant international agreements contributed to the development of regulations on the rights of a child and branching juvenile law in the Russian legal system. Meanwhile, it should be pointed out that processes of legal regulation in the field of the formation of the legislative basis of juvenile law are in some way incomplete, which is the result of the imperfection of the existing legal acts affecting the rights and interests of minors. The issue of the expediency of creating juvenile justice in Russia is being discussed for a long time in the legal papers and at the legislative level. The provision on the formation of juvenile justice was included in the 1991 Concept of Judicial Reform in the Russian Federation. Later, different authors worked out several draft Laws on Juvenile Justice. At parliamentary hearings in the State Duma, the prospects of creating juvenile courts in the system of courts of general jurisdiction were considered. Meanwhile, such close attention to the indicated problem does not have a significant impact on the increasing child and adolescent crime in the country. The plurality of the above-mentioned legal problems and their multifaceted nature necessitate improvement of justice in relation to minors. This raises a number of theoretical, legal, practical and ethical issues that require studying and adopting relevant decisions at the legislative level. Therefore, studies that allow analyzing the current Russian criminal procedure legislation from the point of view of the possibility of functioning of juvenile justice on its basis relying on international legal standards are really urgent. The criminal procedure legislation in the Russian Federation as a whole is focused on continuous improvement in the context of ensuring the maximum number of procedural guarantees of the legality of criminal proceedings, as well as observance of human rights with the application of their minimum restrictions, including in relation to such category of persons involved in criminal proceedings as minors. In this article, the authors consider the institution of juvenile justice as an additional guarantee of securing the rights of minors in criminal proceedings in Russia, propose the ways to address current and debatable aspects of this problem. The paper analyzes the current criminal procedural legislation, decisions of the Plenums of the Supreme Court of the Russian Federation as well as the judgements of the courts in specific cases concerning the problems of the study. In the study of individual topics of the issue, scientific literature as well as statistical data have been used. The conclusions and proposals made in the work are aimed at improving the current legislation of the Russian Federation and law enforcement practice, and can also be used in the educational process.

Abstract The eastern elliptio Elliptio complanata is a common, abundant, and ecologically important freshwater mussel that occurs throughout the Atlantic Slope drainage in the United States and Canada. Previous research has shown E. complanata glochidia to be host fish generalists, parasitizing yellow perch Perca flavescens, banded killifish Fundulus diaphanus, banded sculpin Cottus carolinae, and seven centrarchid species. Past laboratory studies have been conducted in the Midwest; however, glochidia used in these studies were obtained from adult mussels in the Great Lakes or St. Lawrence River basins, or glochidia sources were not reported. The objective of this study was to identify host fishes for E. complanata from streams in the Mid-Atlantic region. We used artificial laboratory infections to test host suitability of 38 fish and 2 amphibian species with E. complanata glochidia from the Chesapeake Bay drainage. Glochidia successfully metamorphosed into juvenile mussels on five fish species: American eel Anguilla rostrata, brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis, lake trout Salvelinus namaycush, mottled sculpin Cottus bairdii, and slimy sculpin Cottus cognatus. American eel was the most effective host, yielding the highest overall metamorphosis success (percentage of attached glochidia that transformed into juvenile mussels; ≥0.90) and producing 13.2 juveniles per fish overall. No juvenile E. complanata metamorphosed on other fish or amphibian species tested, including many previously identified host fishes that appear in the literature. Reasons for discrepancies in published host fish could include geographic variation in host use across the species' range, differences in host use between lentic and lotic populations, or poorly resolved taxonomy within the genus Elliptio.

Purpose The scant literature on MICE (meetings, incentives, conferences and exhibitions) tourists’ gambling behavior calls for a need to explore how their decision to gamble (hereafter, “gambling decision”) may unfold. Consequently, several questions germane to the inter-relationships among event tourists’ characteristics, casinos attributes, and gambling behaviors remain largely unaddressed. This paper aims to address the void in the literature by investigating event participants’ gambling decision. Design/methodology/approach Data were collected based on two samples, and a multilevel design was used to test the proposed model. Demographic and event-related participant characteristics were examined as antecedents of gambling decision at the individual level. Event goers’ accommodation characteristics such as brand equity and type of hotel were explored as cross-level effects on the individual-level factors and relationships. Findings Results of the study illustrate a joint influence – in terms of both direct and moderating effects – of individual-level and organizational-level characteristics on gambling decision. In particular, brand equity moderates the relationships leading from demographic and event-related characteristics to gambling decision. Practical implications The inter-relationships among events, accommodations and casinos present an opportunity for hospitality practitioners to better integrate these three services in a more coherent experiential offering for the ever-demanding MICE attendees. Findings also help practitioners to justify their targeting strategy. Originality/value The proposed framework presents the dynamic nature of the hospitality industry in which the event, hotel and casino sectors are interdependent, a picture hitherto prevented by the single-level oriented nature of gambling and hospitality research which largely focuses on the individual perspective. Given the dynamic nature of the hospitality industry, the findings elucidate a complex interdependency of customer needs.

The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of ensuring the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The theoretical and methodological study of the analyzed phenomenon allowed us to single out the general opinion of scientists and the factors that determine the current state of personal safety of juvenile convicts in educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, in the pre-trial detention centers of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, as well as at the stages of going to the place of serving the criminal sentence in in the form of deprivation of liberty and those under investigation for crimes committed in places of deprivation of liberty. The author of the article analyzes the provisions established in article 13 of the Criminal Procedure Code of the Russian Federation, the right of all convicted persons, as well as persons in custody in the pre-trial detention center of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, to trial for personal security is guaranteed by the penitentiary institutions of the Russian Federal Penitentiary Service, and this right is ensured by the following imperatives: 1). Article 13 of the Law of the Russian Federation of July 21, 1993 No. 5473-I "On Institutions and Bodies Executing Criminal Sentences of Imprisonment"; 2). Article 19 of the Federal Law of July 15, 1995 No. 103-FL "On the Detention of Suspects and Accused of Committing Crimes". The article analyzes legal scientific literature on the expression of various opinions of researchers regarding the personal safety of juvenile convicts in prison. The author completely agreed with many of the stated points of theoretical researchers, and at the same time formulating the following proposition. The author, in turn, determines that the problem of personal security of juvenile convicts in places of deprivation of liberty is also of great importance for the relations that are taking shape in the Russian penal system as a whole. This is due to the fact that punishment always involves the restriction of the rights and freedoms of persons who committed crimes in the educational colonies of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, and, as a result, the special nature of the relationship between the staff of the penitentiary institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia and convicts. So, the urgency of the problem today is, first of all, ensuring personal security, as well as the constitutional rights and legitimate interests of juvenile convicts in the investigation of crimes committed in the institutions of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, is also manifested in the fact that depriving citizens of their freedom, the state agrees to comply their legal status, to protect the life and health of the convict. It should be noted that the concentration of persons who committed crimes in prisons, a significant proportion of which are grave and especially grave, as well as a number of other reasons entail a real threat of new crimes committed by prisoners of various nature and degree of public danger. In this regard, there is the possibility of unlawful influence on juvenile convicts who are participants in the criminal process in the framework of a case instituted on the fact of committing a crime in the institution of the Russian penal system. As a result, the author’s concept is formulated - “Ensuring personal security, rights and legal interests of juvenile convicts”. This material presented in the article does not contain information (information) related to state secrets of the Russian Federation.

Background. The problem of the quality of life (QoL) is relevant nowadays, especially for patients with chronic diseases, including juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) and the subtype of JIA associated with uveitis (JIA-u). The purpose was to carry out a literature review on the QoL in children with JIA and JIA-u, with an analysis of existing tools, the possibility of their use in children, and to assess the QoL indicators of children with JIA, who were treated in a specialized department of the hospital. Materials and methods. The search was performed in the PubMed, Medline, and Google databases using the keywords: JIA, rheumatoid arthritis, uveitis, JIA-u, arthritis with uveitis, QoL, QoL in children. Inclusion criteria were as follows: publication after 2010, use of questionnaires to assess QoL, the sample of patients over 30 people. The type of instrument for assessing QoL, the sample nature, and the QoL indicators of patients were analyzed. The study was carried out at the premises of the State Institution “Institute for Children and Adolescents Health Care of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine” and involved 41 children with JIA (22 with polyarticular, and 19 with oligoarticular variants): 25 girls and 16 boys aged 3–17 years with disease duration of 40.2 ± 6.2 months. Thirty-six of them received methotrexate, and 5 — sulfasalazine. The disease activity was assessed by the Juvenile Arthritis Disease Activity Score (JADAS27) and the functional state — by the Childhood Health Assessment Questionnaire (CHAQ). For quality of life assessment, the Pediatric Quality of Life InventoryTM validated for Ukraine was used. Results. The analysis included 73 foreign scientific papers from 2011 to 2021, among which 11 are fully devoted to the assessment of QoL in children with JIA, and 62 partially cover this topic in children and adults with arthritis. In Ukraine, these issues are not discussed enough (6 articles on the evaluation of QoL in children), the factors for its deterioration remain unclear. The level of activity according to JADAS27 in children in subgroups with both poly- and oligoarticular variants was high (11.20 ± 7.04 and 8.9 ± 4.2 points), and the functional state (on CHAQ) — 0.19 ± 0.17. In children with JIA, QoL indicators are reduced, especially on the scales of emotional and school functioning, and closely correlate with disease activity (r = 0.784, p < 0.05). Conclusions. The analysis of the conducted studies showed that decreased disease activity is not accompanied by the QoL indicators optimization, which remain reduced. Recently, the situation with the QoL assessment in domestic medicine has been improving, relevant questionnaires are being actively introduced. However, the ambiguity of the results in world medicine and the presence of a small number of works on this topic determine the urgency of the problem of QoL in children with JIA in Ukraine.

Purpose Recent research finds that youth who identify as transgender or gender-expansive are disproportionately incarcerated in juvenile justice systems and are treated differently from their non-trans peers (Himmelstein and Brückner, 2011; Hunt and Moodie-Mills, 2012; Irvine, 2010; Mitchum and Moodie-Mills, 2014). Juvenile justice systems have paid little attention to this group of young people in terms of their unique service needs and risk factors. Using qualitative methods, the researchers analyze in-depth interviews and focus group findings from formerly incarcerated trans youth in juvenile justice settings to better understand their experiences. This paper aims to examine the challenges for young people, and, as well as considered recommendations for juvenile justice professionals to study toward making changes in policies, practices and programs that are needed to support young people who are transgender or gender expansive. Design/methodology/approach Using qualitative, case examples and descriptive analysis, this paper describes the experiences of trans youth in juvenile justice settings and studies toward developing models of promoting trans-affirming approaches to enhance juvenile justice institutions for trans and gender-expansive youth placed in them. The paper describes the evolution of an approach used by the authors, in New York state juvenile justice settings to increase a trans-affirming perspective as a central role in the organization’s strategy and design, and the methods it is using to institutionalize this critical change. Findings culled from the focus groups and in-depth interviews with 15 former residents of juvenile justice settings and several (3) key staff members from the juvenile justice system, focusing on policies, practices and training models are useful tools for assessing progress and recommending actions to increase the affirming nature of such systems. At its conclusion, this chapter will provide clear outcomes and implications for the development of policies, practices and programs with trans and gender expansive youth in juvenile justice systems. Findings Finding are conceptualized in six thematic categories, namely, privacy, access to health and mental health care, the difference between sexual orientation and gender identity, name and pronoun use, clothing, appearance and mannerism, and housing issues. Research limitations/implications This study is limited as it focuses on formerly incarcerated youth in the New York City area. Practical implications The following implications for practice stemming from this study are as follows: juvenile justice professionals (including judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers and detention staff) must treat – and ensure others treat – all trans and gender-expansive youth with fairness, dignity and respect, including prohibiting any attempts to ridicule or change a youth’s gender identity or expression. Having written nondiscrimination and anti-harassment policy is also essential. These policies can address issues such as prohibiting harassment of youth or staff who are trans or gender expansive, requiring the use of respectful and inclusive language and determining how gender rules (e.g. usage of “male or “female” bathrooms, gender-based room assignments) will be addressed for transgender and gender-nonconforming youth. Programs should also provide clients and staff with training and helpful written materials. Juvenile justice professionals must promote the well-being of transgender youth by allowing them to express their gender identity through choice of clothing, name, hair-style and other means of expression and by ensuring that they have access to appropriate medical care if necessary. Juvenile justice professionals must receive training and resources regarding the unique societal, familial and developmental challenges confronting trans youth and the relevance of these issues to court proceedings. Training must be designed to address the specific professional responsibilities of the audience (i.e. judges, defense attorneys, prosecutors, probation officers and detention staff). Juvenile justice professionals must develop individualized, developmentally appropriate responses to the behavior of each trans youth, tailored to address the specific circumstances of his or her or their life. Social implications Providing trans-affirming services to youth in juvenile justice settings is a matter of equity and should be the goal strived for by all systems that care for these young people. Helping trans and gender-expansive youth reenter and reintegrate into society should be a primary goal. There are many organizations and systems that stand ready to assist juvenile justice systems and facilities in supporting trans and gender expansive youth in their custody and helping them to rehabilitate, heal and reenter a society that welcomes their participation and where they can thrive and not just survive. Originality/value The paper is original in that it examines the lived experiences of trans and gender-expansive youth in juvenile justice systems. An area, which has not been fully explored in the professional literature.