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Journal articles on the topic 'MICR clearing'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 3 June 2025

Last updated: 31 July 2025

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1

Amith, Donald Menezes. "Evolution of Payment System." International Journal of Management, Technology, and Social Sciences (IJMTS) 2, no. 1 (2017): 45–52. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.821263.

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Clearing has been an important part of the banking system and will always remain a part of it for years to come. Clearing in banking indicates the transfer of fund from one person to another. This clearing of the fund can take place in 2 ways either through cash or through cheque. There has been no major change in the cash transactions except for the changes in the value of money. However, the cheque clearing system has undergone a lot of changes. The origin of cheque can be traced back to the first century AD, where banks in and around Persia used to issue letters of credit called “Sakks” whe

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Amith, Donald Menezes, and Pinto Prakash. "EMERGENCE OF CHEQUE TRUNCATION SYSTEM." International Journal of Management, IT and Engineering (IJMIE) 5, no. 7 (2022): 261–69. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7407805.

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Clearing has been an important part of the banking system and will always remain a part of it for years to come. Clearing in banking indicates the transfer of fund from one person to another. This clearing of fund can take place in 2 ways either through cash or through cheque. There has been no major change in the cash transactions except for the changes in value of money. However the cheque clearing system has undergone lot of changes. The origin of cheque can be traced back to the first century AD, where banks in and around Persia used to issue letters of credit called “Sakks” wh

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3

K.Uma and K.Kaleeswaran. "Trend and Growth of Retail E-Banking Payment Systems in India." Shanlax International Journal of Commerce 6, no. 4 (2018): 7–11. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1473298.

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Electronic banking and payment system automation has its origin from the year of 1950s itself. The Standard Research Institute and Bank of America in the United States put their hands togeth- er to bring out two significant innovations in the field of banking. Electronic Recording Method of Accounting (ERMA) for automating and recording transactions in accounts and Magnetic Ink Character Recognition (MICR) for cheque dispensation. This MICR based cheque clearing system was originally implemented in the USA in 1959 and has grown from systems in various modes and it remains the stamina for E-pay

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Rostek, Marzena, and Ji Hee Yoon. "Innovation in Decentralized Markets: Technology versus Synthetic Products." American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 16, no. 1 (2024): 63–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20220138.

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Advances in market-clearing technology for multiple assets and synthetic products present alternative ways to leverage complementarities and substitutabilites in asset payoffs. This paper compares their equilibrium and welfare effects. In competitive markets, either instrument can mimic the efficient design. When traders have price impact, however, synthetic products and market-clearing technology provide separate instruments for impacting markets’ performance and can generate synergies or trade-offs. Neither instrument can generally reproduce the other’s payoffs state by state. Moreover, inno

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Xu, Jianyi, Yi Dai, Ang Xuan, et al. "Tissue optical clearing imaging for structural changes of neuromuscular junctions after mice ischemic stroke [Invited]." Chinese Optics Letters 21, no. 12 (2023): 120061. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/col202321.120061.

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Khoma, Oleksandr, Jin-soo Park, Felix Michael Lee, Hans Van der Wall, and Gregory L. Falk. "Different clinical symptom patterns in patients with reflux micro-aspiration." ERJ Open Research 8, no. 1 (2021): 00508–2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/23120541.00508-2021.

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BackgroundPulmonary manifestation of gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (GORD) is a well-recognised entity; however, little primary reported data exists on presenting symptoms of patients in whom reflux micro-aspiration is confirmed. The aim of this study is to report symptoms and presenting patterns of a large group of patients with confirmed reflux micro-aspiration.Patients and methodsData was extracted from a prospectively populated database of patients referred to a tertiary specialist centre with severe, refractory or atypical reflux. Patients with reflux micro-aspiration on scintigraphy w

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Oetermann, Sylvia, Rense Jongsma, Anna Coenen, Jeanne Keller, and Alexander Steinbüchel. "LcpRVH2 – regulating the expression of latex-clearing proteins in Gordonia polyisoprenivorans VH2." Microbiology 165, no. 3 (2019): 343–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.000755.

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Ehlers, Stefan, and Elvira Richter. "Gamma Interferon Is Essential for Clearing Mycobacterium genavense Infection." Infection and Immunity 68, no. 6 (2000): 3720–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.68.6.3720-3723.2000.

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ABSTRACT Factors determining the in vivo replication of the opportunistic pathogen Mycobacterium genavense are largely unknown. Following intravenous injection of a patient isolate, M. genavense could not be recovered by culture or detected by PCR in the livers or spleens of infected BALB/c mice. In contrast, M. genavense was found to chronically persist and multiply in the livers and spleens of intravenously infected syngeneic gamma-interferon-gene-deficient (GKO) mice as evidenced by acid-fast stains of infected tissues and recovery by both PCR and liquid culture following organ homogenizati

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Prokop, Stefan, Kelly R. Miller, Natalia Drost та ін. "Impact of peripheral myeloid cells on amyloid-β pathology in Alzheimer’s disease–like mice". Journal of Experimental Medicine 212, № 11 (2015): 1811–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20150479.

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Although central nervous system–resident microglia are believed to be ineffective at phagocytosing and clearing amyloid-β (Aβ), a major pathological hallmark of Alzheimer’s disease (AD), it has been suggested that peripheral myeloid cells constitute a heterogeneous cell population with greater Aβ-clearing capabilities. Here, we demonstrate that the conditional ablation of resident microglia in CD11b-HSVTK (TK) mice is followed by a rapid repopulation of the brain by peripherally derived myeloid cells. We used this system to directly assess the ability of peripheral macrophages to reduce Aβ pla

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Bjarnsholt, Thomas, Peter Østrup Jensen, Thomas B. Rasmussen, et al. "Garlic blocks quorum sensing and promotes rapid clearing of pulmonary Pseudomonas aeruginosa infections." Microbiology 151, no. 12 (2005): 3873–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.27955-0.

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The opportunistic human pathogen Pseudomonas aeruginosa is the predominant micro-organism of chronic lung infections in cystic fibrosis patients. P. aeruginosa colonizes the lungs by forming biofilm microcolonies throughout the lung. Quorum sensing (QS) renders the biofilm bacteria highly tolerant to otherwise lethal doses of antibiotics, and protects against the bactericidal activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs). It has been previously demonstrated that QS is inhibited by garlic extract. In this study, the synergistic effects of garlic and tobramycin, and PMNs activities have been e

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Kenoyer, Aimee L., Yukang Lin, Johnnie J. Orozco, et al. "Pre-Targeted Radioimmunotherapy Employing a Recombinant Bispecific Antibody Using a Murine Xenograft Model of Human Leukemia." Blood 124, no. 21 (2014): 3749. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v124.21.3749.3749.

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Abstract Introduction: Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) has a high rate of relapse despite hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Pre-targeted radioimmunotherapy (PRIT) prior to HCT offers a promising approach to reduce relapse for high-risk patients. PRIT studies with antibody-streptavidin (Ab-SAV) conjugates have shown promise, but may be limited by SAV immunogenicity. We have developed a recombinant anti-human CD45 bispecific Ab with picomolar affinity to radiolabeled DOTA chelates for targeting AML xenografts in a preclinical model. Methods: We engineered a bispecific Ab recognizing CD45 an

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Wittwer, Milena. "Connecting Disconnected Financial Markets?" American Economic Journal: Microeconomics 13, no. 1 (2021): 252–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mic.20180314.

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In most financial markets, securities are traded in isolation. Such a disconnected market design can be inefficient if agents trade more than one security. I assess welfare effects of connecting markets by allowing orders for one security to depend on prices of other securities. I show that everyone trades identical amounts under both market structures if and only if the clearing prices are perfectly correlated or all are price-takers. Prices in disconnected markets might allow strategic traders to extract higher rents from nonstrategic traders. In expectation, connected markets generate highe

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Kim, Sojeong, Haerim Chung, Jeong-Eun Kwak, et al. "Clearing soluble MIC reverses the impaired function of natural killer cells from patients with multiple myeloma." Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer 12, no. 1 (2024): e007886. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jitc-2023-007886.

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BackgroundMajor histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I chain-related protein (MIC) is a stress-induced ligand released from multiple myeloma (MM) cells during progression, and soluble MIC impairs natural killer group 2D (NKG2D) activating receptor-mediated recognition and function of natural killer (NK) cells. However, whether clearing soluble MIC with a monoclonal antibody (mAb) can restore NK cell activity of MM patients remains undetermined.MethodsWe analyzed The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation (MMRF) CoMMpass data set to examine the prognostic significance

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Liu, Linying, Yan Li, Huan Peng та ін. "Targeted exosome coating gene-chem nanocomplex as “nanoscavenger” for clearing α-synuclein and immune activation of Parkinson’s disease". Science Advances 6, № 50 (2020): eaba3967. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aba3967.

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The most critical problem in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases is brain neuronal protection, which can be overcome by clearing pathological substances and regulating the immune environment. In the above treatment strategies, the traditional poor drug delivery problem is inevitable. Here, we show an engineering core-shell hybrid system named rabies virus glycoprotein (RVG) peptide–modified exosome (EXO) curcumin/phenylboronic acid-poly(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl acrylate) nanoparticle/small interfering RNA targeting SNCA (REXO-C/ANP/S). It is a nanoscavenger for clearing α-synuclein aggre

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Qiu, Zhijuan, Jonathan Schouten, Subhajit Mukherjee, et al. "Pregnane X receptor dependent TLR4 expression regulates innate immune response to intracellular bacteria (117.25)." Journal of Immunology 188, no. 1_Supplement (2012): 117.25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.188.supp.117.25.

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Abstract The Pregnane X receptor (PXR) is a member of the nuclear receptor family, which is highly expressed in liver as well as in intestine and regulates the transcription of genes involved in the metabolism, transport and elimination of xenobiotics. Recently, the role of PXR and xenobiotic metabolism in regulating inflammation has become evident. Here we demonstrate that in addition to its role in xenosensing and drug metabolism, PXR signaling is also essential for mediating innate antimicrobial immune responses. Mice lacking PXR were highly susceptible to the intracellular bacteria Listeri

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Aoyama, Hisayuki, Futoshi Iwata, Jisuke Fukaya, and Akira Sasaki. "Miniature Robot with Micro Capillary Capturing Probe for Surface Clearing Operation." Journal of Robotics and Mechatronics 7, no. 6 (1995): 488–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20965/jrm.1995.p0488.

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In this report, a micro capillary capturing probe based on the surface tension of water is described. This probe is composed of a capillary of glass, small solenoids, and a micro magnetic piston. The quick reciprocating motion of the magnetic piston which is accelerated by solenoids current can push and pull the water in the capillary. At the end of the capillary, the water drop can grow to reach the small object on the surface, contain it with the help of surface tension, and retract into the capillary. The basic principle and design will be discussed, and the experimental results of capturin

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Wu, Hao, Xiaoquan Yang, Siqi Chen, et al. "On-line optical clearing method for whole-brain imaging in mice." Biomedical Optics Express 10, no. 5 (2019): 2612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/boe.10.002612.

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Martin, A. R., and M. G. Richardson. "Rodent eradication scaled up: clearing rats and mice from South Georgia." Oryx 53, no. 1 (2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003060531700028x.

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AbstractThe Subantarctic island of South Georgia lost most of its birds to predation by rodents introduced by people over 2 centuries. In 2011 a UK charity began to clear brown rats Rattus norvegicus and house mice Mus musculus from the 170 km long, 3,500 km2 island using helicopters to spread bait containing Brodifacoum as the active ingredient. South Georgia's larger glaciers were barriers to rodent movement, resulting in numerous independent sub-island populations. The eradication could therefore be spread over multiple seasons, giving time to evaluate results before recommencing, and also

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Marini, Leonardo, Susanna Marini, James Cutlan, and Irena Hreljac. "Q-S laser micro-drilling and multipass full-beam Q-S laser for tattoo removal — a case series." Lasers in Medical Science 37, no. 3 (2021): 1763–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10103-021-03431-w.

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Abstract The purpose of this study was to evaluate the safety and efficacy of a new combined method of Q-S laser-assisted tattoo removal. Ten patients with 13 professional, mostly mono-chromatic black tattoos were recruited. All tattoos received the same Q-S laser treatment sequence. An objective evaluation of tattoo clearing was assessed by careful analysis of a standardized collection of digital images taken from each tattoo, 2 months after each laser session, with the help of a custom-made pigment-fading percentage photographic ruler. The percentages of pigment clearance and side effects we

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Perrotta, Paola, Isabel Pintelon, Margreet R. de Vries, et al. "Three-Dimensional Imaging of Intraplaque Neovascularization in a Mouse Model of Advanced Atherosclerosis." Journal of Vascular Research 57, no. 6 (2020): 348–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000508449.

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Multiple lines of evidence suggest that intraplaque (IP) neovascularization promotes atherosclerotic plaque growth, destabilization, and rupture. However, pharmacological inhibition of IP neovascularization remains largely unexplored due to the limited number of animal models that develop IP neovessels and the lack of reliable methods for visualizing IP angiogenesis. Here, we applied 3D confocal microscopy with an optimized tissue-clearing process, immunolabeling-enabled three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs, to visualize IP neovessels in apolipoprotein E-deficient (ApoE<sup&g

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Wilson, Timothy James, Aminul A. Islam, and Luis A. Actis. "Natural antibodies mediate resistance to Acinetobacter baumanniirespiratory infections." Journal of Immunology 210, no. 1_Supplement (2023): 241.19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.210.supp.241.19.

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Abstract Acinetobacter baumanniiis a growing public health threat due to increasing incidence of carbapenem-resistant strains in U.S. hospitals. With widespread antibiotic resistance, there is an urgent need for alternative therapies to treat these infections, which are often acquired in hospital intensive care units. Antibody-based immunotherapies offer one potential treatment avenue, however, adaptive immune responses to A. baumanniihave not been well characterized. Pilot experiments, using a mouse pneumonia model to explore the role of adaptive immunity in clearing A. baumannii, uncovered a

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Debus, S. J. S., and L. R. Tsang. "Further dietary samples for Eastern Barn Owls Tyto javanica near Tamworth, New South Wales, revealed by habitat clearance." Australian Field Ornithology 40 (2023): 46–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.20938/afo40046048.

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The diet of the Eastern Barn Owl Tyto javanica was investigated by examination of two samples of pellets (n = 11 and 39), pellet debris and prey remains from: (1) an occupied nest with fledgling in May 2009, and (2) an Owl’s winter roost in August 2009 near Tamworth in the grain belt of New South Wales. The breeding diet consisted, by number, of 91% mammals (90% rodents, including 87% House Mice Mus musculus) and 9% common farmland birds (n = 116 food items). The winter diet consisted of 99% House Mice and 1% bird (n = 188 food items). The fledgling Owl was killed when it failed to flush from

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Xiao, Zhao Xia, and Hong Wei Fang. "Transient Stability Analysis of MicroGrids Containing Multiple Micro Sources." Advanced Materials Research 403-408 (November 2011): 3608–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.403-408.3608.

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Transient stability of the MicroGrid in which the micro sources use the P-f & Q-V droop control and PQ control was investigated. The impacts of motor load, different types of faults and the different locations of faults on the transient stability of the MicroGrid are presented in this paper. And the relation between the proportion of motor load and Fault Clearing Time (FCT) was explored.

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Tan, Gek-Yen Gladys, Yichun Liu, Suppiah Paramalingal Sivalingam, et al. "Burkholderia pseudomallei aerosol infection results in differential inflammatory responses in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice." Journal of Medical Microbiology 57, no. 4 (2008): 508–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/jmm.0.47596-0.

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Melioidosis is caused by the Gram-negative bacterium Burkholderia pseudomallei, whose portals of entry into the body include subcutaneous, ingestion and inhalation routes. Animal models play an important role in furthering our understanding of this disease, which is associated with high morbidity and mortality in susceptible subjects. Previous studies using intranasal inoculation showed a differential susceptibility to inhalational melioidosis in BALB/c and C57Bl/6 mice and attributed the difference to genetic factors and host response. However, a recent study found no difference in susceptibi

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Geng, Shuo, Hironori Matsushima, Takashi Okamoto, et al. "Emergence, origin, and function of neutrophil–dendritic cell hybrids in experimentally induced inflammatory lesions in mice." Blood 121, no. 10 (2013): 1690–700. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2012-07-445197.

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Key Points Neutrophils differentiate into neutrophil–dendritic cell hybrids upon recruitment to sites of inflammation or infection. Hybrids play dual protective roles against bacterial infection by rapidly clearing bacteria and presenting bacterial antigens to T cells.

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Sabev, H. A., P. S. Handley, and G. D. Robson. "Fungal colonization of soil-buried plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) and the impact of incorporated biocides." Microbiology 152, no. 6 (2006): 1731–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28569-0.

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Plasticized polyvinyl chloride (pPVC) with or without incorporated biocides was buried in grassland and forest soil for up to 10 months. The change with time in viable counts of fungi on the plastic surface was followed, together with the percentage capable of clearing the two plasticizers dioctyl adipate (DOA) and dioctyl phthalate (DOP). With time fungal total viable counts (TVC) on control pPVC increased and the fraction able to clear DOA was considerably higher than the average estimated in both soil types. A total of 92 fungal morphotypes were isolated from grassland soil and 42 from fore

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Sofyanita, Eko Naning, Arya Iswara, and Djoko Priyatno. "Minyak Zaitun Sebagai Pengganti xylene pada Prosesing Jaringan Histologis Untuk Pewarnaan Kulit dan Hepar Mencit dengan Hematoxylin Eosin: Sebuah Studi Perbandingan." Jaringan Laboratorium Medis 4, no. 2 (2022): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.31983/jlm.v4i2.8688.

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Clearing results in histological processing can be affected due to tissue density and viscosity of the clearing agent. xylene is the most commonly used aromatic solvent for clearing agents and deparaffinizing agents in histopathology laboratories, but xylene is one of the most dangerous chemicals found in histology laboratories. Based on the dangers posed by xylene, a replacement material is needed. Several xylene substitutes such as reagents derived from limonene, aliphatic hydrocarbons, vegetable oils and mineral oils have been commercially developed, but the available xylene substitutes are

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Condiff, Emily K., Pedro Milanez-Almeida, Weizhe Li, Michael Y. Gerner, and Ronald N. Germain. "3D visualization of sex differences in the immune response to influenza infection in the mouse lung." Journal of Immunology 198, no. 1_Supplement (2017): 203.22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.203.22.

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Abstract Recent developments of imaging techniques, including histo-cytometry and a new tissue clearing and staining protocol called Clearing-enhanced 3D (Ce3D), allow for high-resolution, 3D multiplex quantitative imaging and analysis of cell populations in intact organ material. We have established a panel of 10–14 markers for use in Ce3D-cleared 250μm-thick sections of lung tissue to visualize both innate and adaptive aspects of the immune response as comprehensively as possible. This panel, combined with quantitative analysis provided by histo-cytometry, allows for the collection of larger

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Kazachkina, Natalia, Victoria Zherdeva, Asiya Saydasheva, et al. "Topical Gadobutrol Application Causes Fluorescence Intensity Change in RFP-expressing Tumor-Bearing Mice." Journal of Biomedical Photonics & Engineering 7, no. 2 (2021): 020301. http://dx.doi.org/10.18287/jbpe21.07.020301.

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Optical clearing (OC) allows one to observe tissue structures and metabolic processes occurring in opaque tissues at the depths significantly exceeding the depths that can be reached without OC. Recently, we have shown that gadobutrol is a promising agent for OC of tissues in vivo. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of time-dependence optical clearing caused by gadobutrol on intensity of fluorescent protein constitutively expressed in subcutaneous tumors in vivo. The measurements were performed in nu/nu mice bearing HEp-2 tumors expressing the red fluorescent protein TagRFP. G

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Schroeder, M. C., U. Andral, and J. P. Wolf. "Opto-mechanical expulsion of individual micro-particles by laser-induced shockwave in air." AIP Advances 12, no. 9 (2022): 095119. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/5.0106645.

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It was recently demonstrated that laser filamentation was able to generate an optically transparent channel through clouds and fog for free-space optical communications applications. However, no quantitative measurement of the interaction between the laser-induced shockwave and the aerosol particles has been carried out so far, leaving the precise nature of the clearing mechanism up for discussion. A critical question was the maximum distance at which the filament could still act on the aerosol particle. Distances widely exceeding the filament diameter and its energy reservoir exclude other po

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Rabie, Tamer, David Varga-Szabo, Markus Bender, et al. "Diverging signaling events control the pathway of GPVI down-regulation in vivo." Blood 110, no. 2 (2007): 529–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2006-11-058107.

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Abstract Coronary artery thrombosis is often initiated by platelet activation on collagen-rich subendothelial layers in the disrupted atherosclerotic plaque. The activating platelet collagen receptor glycoprotein VI (GPVI) noncovalently associates with the Fc receptor γ-chain (FcRγ), which signals through its immunoreceptor-tyrosine–based activation motif (ITAM) via the adaptor LAT leading to the activation of phospholipase Cγ2 (PLCγ2). GPVI is a promising antithrombotic target as anti-GPVI antibodies induce the irreversible loss of the receptor from circulating platelets by yet undefined mech

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Willows, Jake W., Magdalena Blaszkiewicz, and Kristy L. Townsend. "A clearing-free protocol for imaging intact whole adipose tissue innervation in mice." STAR Protocols 3, no. 1 (2022): 101109. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.xpro.2021.101109.

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Oliphant, Samantha, J. Louise Lines, Melissa L. Hollifield, and Beth A. Garvy. "Regulatory T Cells Are Critical for Clearing Influenza A Virus in Neonatal Mice." Viral Immunology 28, no. 10 (2015): 580–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/vim.2015.0039.

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Grist, S. M., S. S. Nasseri, T. Poon, C. Roskelley, and K. C. Cheung. "On-chip clearing of arrays of 3-D cell cultures and micro-tissues." Biomicrofluidics 10, no. 4 (2016): 044107. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.4959031.

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Wang, Yunqi, Jayashri Ravishankar, and Toan Phung. "A study on critical clearing time (CCT) of micro-grids under fault conditions." Renewable Energy 95 (September 2016): 381–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.renene.2016.04.029.

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Martino, Michael, Jackie Paniccia, Beth Doncheck, et al. "373 The brain under stress: How a history of unpredictable shock affects neural processing of future stressors." Journal of Clinical and Translational Science 8, s1 (2024): 112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/cts.2024.329.

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OBJECTIVES/GOALS: Determine how a history of unpredictable foot shock in mice affects brain wide patterns of neural activation to future stressors. Additionally, we aimed to characterize how the paraventricular nucleus of the thalamus (PVT) is involved in the fear sensitization process. METHODS/STUDY POPULATION: We used a mouse model of stress enhanced fear learning, where stressed mice are first subjected to a series of unpredictable foot shocks in a novel context while control mice undergo exposure to the novel context without experiencing foot shock. Mice are then left undisturbed for 28 da

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Shi, Jiaoyu, Yuan Hu, Guangze Shao, et al. "Quantifying Podocyte Number in a Small Sample Size of Glomeruli with CUBIC to Evaluate Podocyte Depletion of db/db Mice." Journal of Diabetes Research 2023 (February 1, 2023): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/1901105.

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The loss of podocyte is crucial for diagnosis and prognosis of diabetic kidney disease, whereas commonly two-dimensional methods for quantifying podocyte number existed with issues of low fidelity and accuracy. In this study, clear, unobstructed brain imaging cocktails and computational analysis (CUBIC), one of three-dimensional optical clearing approaches, was used which combines tissue clearing, immunolabeling, and a light-sheet microscope to image and evaluate podocytes in C57BL/6 (C57) and db/db mice. We discovered that 77 podocytes per glomerulus were in C57 mice. On the subject of db/db

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Kim, H., J. Jang, M. Song, et al. "1160 Selective clearing of senescent dermal fibroblasts attenuates ultraviolet radiation-induced photoaging in mice." Journal of Investigative Dermatology 143, no. 5 (2023): S199. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jid.2023.03.1173.

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Prabhakara, Ranjani, Oded Foreman, Roberto De Pascalis, et al. "Epicutaneous Model of Community-Acquired Staphylococcus aureus Skin Infections." Infection and Immunity 81, no. 4 (2013): 1306–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.01304-12.

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ABSTRACTStaphylococcus aureusis one of the most common etiological agents of community-acquired skin and soft tissue infection (SSTI). Although the majority ofS. aureuscommunity-acquired SSTIs are uncomplicated and self-clearing in nature, some percentage of these cases progress into life-threatening invasive infections. Current animal models ofS. aureusSSTI suffer from two drawbacks: these models are a better representation of hospital-acquired SSTI than community-acquired SSTI, and they involve methods that are difficult to replicate. For these reasons, we sought to develop a murine model of

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Rasmussen, Thomas B., and Michael Givskov. "Quorum sensing inhibitors: a bargain of effects." Microbiology 152, no. 4 (2006): 895–904. http://dx.doi.org/10.1099/mic.0.28601-0.

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Many opportunistic pathogenic bacteria rely on quorum sensing (QS) circuits as central regulators of virulence expression. In Pseudomonas aeruginosa, QS-regulated gene expression contributes to the formation and maintenance of biofilms and their tolerance to conventional antimicrobials and the host innate immune system. Therefore, QS is an obvious target for a novel class of antimicrobial drugs which would function to efficiently block reception of the cognate QS signals in vivo, and thereby be capable of inducing chemical attenuation of pathogens. As QS is not directly involved in processes e

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Zhao, Yue, Jianjin Shi, Xuyan Shi, Yupeng Wang, Fengchao Wang, and Feng Shao. "Genetic functions of the NAIP family of inflammasome receptors for bacterial ligands in mice." Journal of Experimental Medicine 213, no. 5 (2016): 647–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1084/jem.20160006.

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Biochemical studies suggest that the NAIP family of NLR proteins are cytosolic innate receptors that directly recognize bacterial ligands and trigger NLRC4 inflammasome activation. In this study, we generated Naip5−/−, Naip1−/−, and Naip2−/− mice and showed that bone marrow macrophages derived from these knockout mice are specifically deficient in detecting bacterial flagellin, the type III secretion system needle, and the rod protein, respectively. Naip1−/−, Naip2−/−, and Naip5−/− mice also resist lethal inflammasome activation by the corresponding ligand. Furthermore, infections performed in

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Chou, Han-Hsuan, Wei-Hung Chien, Li-Ling Wu, et al. "Age-related immune clearance of hepatitis B virus infection requires the establishment of gut microbiota." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 112, no. 7 (2015): 2175–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1424775112.

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A unique feature of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection in humans is that viral clearance heavily depends on the age of exposure. However, the reason for this remains unclear. Here we show that gut microbiota contribute to the age dependence of HBV immunity in a hydrodynamic transfection mouse model. Although adult (12-wk-old) C3H/HeN mice cleared HBV within 6 wk postinjection (wpi), their young (6-wk-old) counterparts remained HBV-positive at 26 wpi. Sterilization of gut microbiota from 6 to 12 wk of age using antibiotics prevented adult mice from rapidly clearing HBV. Young mice with the Toll-

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Gomes, M. Salomé, Manuela Flórido, Teresa F. Pais, and Rui Appelberg. "Improved Clearance of Mycobacterium avium Upon Disruption of the Inducible Nitric Oxide Synthase Gene." Journal of Immunology 162, no. 11 (1999): 6734–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.162.11.6734.

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Abstract Mice genetically deficient in the inducible NO synthase gene (iNOS−/−) were used to study the role played by NO during infection by Mycobacterium avium. iNOS−/− macrophages were equally able to restrict M. avium growth in vitro following stimulation by IFN-γ and TNF-α as macrophages from wild-type mice. In vivo, the infection progressed at similar rates in wild-type and NO-deficient mice during the first 2 mo of infection, but the latter mice were subsequently more efficient in clearing the mycobacteria than the former. The increased resistance of iNOS−/− mice was associated with high

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Muniz-Junqueira, Maria Imaculada, Aluízio Prata, and Carlos Eduardo Tosta. "Factors influencing phagocytosis of Salmonella typhimurium by macrophages in murine schistosomiasis." Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 30, no. 2 (1997): 101–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0037-86821997000200003.

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We investigated the influence of Salmonella typhimurium load and specific antibodies on phagocytosis in schistosomiasis. Macrophages from Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice showed depressed capacity to increase the phagocytosis in the presence of a high bacterial load, due to a reduced involvement of these cells in phagocytosis and to a deficient ability to increase the number of phagocytosed bacteria. Normal and Salmonella-infected mice increased their phagocytic capacity when exposed to a high bacterial load. Antibody to Salmonella increased the phagocytic capacity of macrophages from Schisto

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Deliyannis, Georgia, David C. Jackson, Nicholas J. Ede, et al. "Induction of Long-Term Memory CD8+ T Cells for Recall of Viral Clearing Responses against Influenza Virus." Journal of Virology 76, no. 9 (2002): 4212–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jvi.76.9.4212-4221.2002.

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ABSTRACT Induction of cytotoxic T-cell-mediated virus-clearing responses by influenza virus T cell determinant-containing peptide immunogens was examined. The most potent synthetic immunogens for eliciting pulmonary viral-clearing responses contained peptides representing determinants for CD4 and CD8 T cells (TH and CTL peptides, respectively) together with two or four palmitic acid (Pal) groups. Inoculated in adjuvant, these Pal2- or Pal4-CTL-TH lipopeptides and the nonlipidated CTL peptide induced equivalent levels of cytolytic activity in the primary effector phase of the response. The abil

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Bao, Jiaolin, Renbo Ding, Lidi Zou, et al. "Forsythiae Fructus Inhibits B16 Melanoma Growth Involving MAPKs/Nrf2/HO-1 Mediated Anti-Oxidation and Anti-Inflammation." American Journal of Chinese Medicine 44, no. 05 (2016): 1043–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0192415x16500580.

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Forsythiae Fructus, the fruits of Forsythia suspensa (Thunb.) Vahl, Lianqiao in Chinese, is one of the most fundamental herbs in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It is a typical heat-clearing and detoxicating herb, according to TCM theory. In this study, we investigated the antitumor effect of Forsythiae Fructus aqueous extract (FAE) on B16-F10 melanoma cells in vivo. The transplanted B16-F10 melanoma in C57BL/6 mice was established and used for the evaluation of the in vivo antitumor effect of FAE. FAE strongly inhibited the growth of B16-F10 cells in vitro and the tumor in vivo. The survi

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Nishimura, Wataru, Asako Sakaue-Sawano, Satoru Takahashi, Atsushi Miyawaki, Kazuki Yasuda та Yasuko Noda. "Optical clearing of the pancreas for visualization of mature β-cells and vessels in mice". Islets 10, № 3 (2018): e1451282. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/19382014.2018.1451282.

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Garraud, Kévin, Aurélie Cleret, Jacques Mathieu, et al. "Differential Role of the Interleukin-17 Axis and Neutrophils in Resolution of Inhalational Anthrax." Infection and Immunity 80, no. 1 (2011): 131–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/iai.05988-11.

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ABSTRACTThe roles of interleukin-17 (IL-17) and neutrophils in the lung have been described as those of two intricate but independent players. Here we identify neutrophils as the primary IL-17-secreting subset of cells in a model of inhalation anthrax using A/J and C57BL/6 mice. With IL-17 receptor A knockout (IL-17RA−/−) mice, we confirmed that IL-17A/F signaling is instrumental in the self-recruitment of this population. We also show that the IL-17A/F axis is critical for surviving pulmonary infection, as IL-17RA−/−mice become susceptible to intranasal infection byBacillus anthracisSterne sp

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Pandiyan, Pushpa, Heather Conti, Sarah Gaffen, and Michael Lenardo. "Dual roles of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Tregs in regulating Th17 cells and promoting host resistance to Candida albicans (137.7)." Journal of Immunology 184, no. 1_Supplement (2010): 137.7. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.184.supp.137.7.

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Abstract Th17 cells and CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) are thought to promote and suppress inflammatory responses, respectively. However, their direct interaction in the context of an inflammation is unclear. Here we show that under Th17 conditions, Tregs suppress late but not early Th17 responses. Moreover, Tregs boost IL-17A, IL-17F and IL-22 in Th17 cells at early time-points. Transient up-regulation of Th17 cytokines by Tregs plays a protective role in clearing Candida albicans infection in mice. However, Tregs regain their suppressive functions over time and suppress Th17 cell

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Zhao, Yan-Jie, Ting-Ting Yu, Chao Zhang, et al. "Skull optical clearing window for in vivo imaging of the mouse cortex at synaptic resolution." Light: Science & Applications 7, no. 2 (2017): 17153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/lsa.2017.153.

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Abstract Imaging cells and microvasculature in the living brain is crucial to understanding an array of neurobiological phenomena. Here, we introduce a skull optical clearing window for imaging cortical structures at synaptic resolution. Combined with two-photon microscopy, this technique allowed us to repeatedly image neurons, microglia and microvasculature of mice. We applied it to study the plasticity of dendritic spines in critical periods and to visualize dendrites and microglia after laser ablation. Given its easy handling and safety, this method holds great promise for application in ne

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