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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro cantilever fracture test'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2025

Last updated: 15 July 2025

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Deng, Yun, Tarlan Hajilou, and Afrooz Barnoush. "Hydrogen-enhanced cracking revealed by in situ micro-cantilever bending test inside environmental scanning electron microscope." Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences 375, no. 2098 (2017): 20170106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsta.2017.0106.

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To evaluate the hydrogen (H)-induced embrittlement in iron aluminium intermetallics, especially the one with stoichiometric composition of 50 at.% Al, a novel in situ micro-cantilever bending test was applied within an environmental scanning electron microscope (ESEM), which provides both a full process monitoring and a clean, in situ H-charging condition. Two sets of cantilevers were analysed in this work: one set of un-notched cantilevers, and the other set with focused ion beam-milled notch laying on two crystallographic planes: (010) and (110). The cantilevers were tested under two environmental conditions: vacuum (approximately 5 × 10 −4 Pa) and ESEM (450 Pa water vapour). Crack initiation at stress-concentrated locations and propagation to cause catastrophic failure were observed when cantilevers were tested in the presence of H; while no cracking occurred when tested in vacuum. Both the bending strength for un-notched beams and the fracture toughness for notched beams were reduced under H exposure. The hydrogen embrittlement (HE) susceptibility was found to be orientation dependent: the (010) crystallographic plane was more fragile to HE than the (110) plane. This article is part of the themed issue ‘The challenges of hydrogen and metals’.

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Alshiddi, Ibraheem F., Syed Rashid Habib, Muhammad Sohail Zafar, Salwa Bajunaid, Nawaf Labban, and Mohammed Alsarhan. "Fracture Load of CAD/CAM Fabricated Cantilever Implant-Supported Zirconia Framework: An In Vitro Study." Molecules 26, no. 8 (2021): 2259. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26082259.

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The fracture resistance of computer-aided designing and computer-aided manufacturing CAD/CAM fabricated implant-supported cantilever zirconia frameworks (ISCZFs) is affected by the size/dimension and the micro cracks produced from diamond burs during the milling process. The present in vitro study investigated the fracture load for different cross-sectional dimensions of connector sites of implant-supported cantilever zirconia frameworks (ISCZFs) with different cantilever lengths (load point). A total of 48 ISCZFs (Cercon, Degudent; Dentsply, Deutschland, Germany) were fabricated by CAD/CAM and divided into four groups based on cantilever length and reinforcement of distal-abutment: Group A: 9 mm cantilever; Group B: 9 mm cantilever with reinforced distal-abutment; Group C: 12 mm cantilever; Group D: 12 mm cantilever with reinforced distal-abutment (n = 12). The ISCZFs were loaded using a universal testing machine for recording the fracture load. Descriptive statistics, ANOVA, and Tukey’s test were used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05). Significant variations were found between the fracture loads of the four ISCZFs (p = 0.000); Group-C and B were found with the weakest and the strongest distal cantilever frameworks with fracture load of 670.39 ± 130.96 N and 1137.86 ± 127.85 N, respectively. The mean difference of the fracture load between groups A (810.49 + 137.579 N) and B (1137.86 ± 127.85 N) and between C (670.39 ± 130.96 N) and D (914.58 + 149.635 N) was statistically significant (p = 0.000). Significant variations in the fracture load between the ISCZFs with different cantilever lengths and thicknesses of the distal abutments were found. Increasing the thickness of the distal abutment only by 0.5 mm reinforces the distal abutments by significantly increasing the fracture load of the ISCZFs. Therefore, an increase in the thickness of the distal abutments is recommended in patients seeking implant-supported distal cantilever fixed prostheses.

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Darnbrough, J. E., S. Mahalingam, and Peter E. J. Flewitt. "Micro-Scale Cantilever Testing of Linear Elastic and Elastic-Plastic Materials." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 57–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.57.

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t is increasingly a requirement to be able to determine the mechanical properties of materials: (i) at the micro-scale, (ii) that are in the form of surface coatings and (iii) that have nanoscale microstructures. As a consequence micro-scale testing is an important tool that has been developed to aid the evaluation of the mechanical properties of such materials. In this work cantilever beam specimens (typically 2μm by 2μm by 10μm in size) have been prepared by gallium ion milling and then deformed in-situ within a FEI Helios Dual Beam workstation. The latter is achieved using a force probe with a geometry suitable for loading the micro-scale test specimens. Thus force and displacement can be measured together with observing the deformation and fracture of the individual specimens. This paper considers the evaluation of the mechanical properties in particular elastic modulus, yield strength and fracture strength of materials that result in relatively large deflections to the micro-scale cantilever beams. Two materials are considered the first is linear elastic single crystal silicon and the other elastic-plastic nanocrystalline (nc) nickel. The results are discussed with respect to the reproducibility of this method of mechanical testing and the evaluated properties are compared with those derived by alternative procedures.

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Zhao, Zi Hua, Feng Cai Qi, Shuang Zhao, and Ming Lei. "Research on Fatigue Properties of Micron Scale Copper Bonding Wires." Key Engineering Materials 734 (April 2017): 176–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.734.176.

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Copper bonding wires are frequently used to connect to MEMS devices. Mechanical properties of copper wire are crucial to the reliability of MEMS system. The paper reported a symmetrical bending fatigue test on micron scale copper bonding wires. The test is based on the phenomenon that a micro-cantilever can be set into self-excited vibration between two electrodes under DC voltage. The results demonstrate that the yield strength, ultimate tensile strength and Young's modulus of copper wires with diameter of 20μm are higher than those with a diameter of 30μm and 40μm, which significantly performs size effect. In fatigue test, the number of cycles to failure is 104~107. Under the same stress condition, fatigue strength (N=106) of copper wires (d=20μm, 30μm, 40μm) is 140MPa, 97MPa, 70MPa respectively. The tensile fracture surface is the chisel-shaped peak, and the surface of the fracture appears many spaced strip drawing traces. The fatigue fracture surface is flat. Two cracks almost simultaneously originate from the surface, and the final rupture region is just like a narrow sheet.

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Wang, K. F., B. L. Wang, and Y. Y. Fan. "Mode-I fracture analysis of micro-scale high-temperature superconductors via the double cantilever beam model and gradient elasticity theory." Modern Physics Letters B 34, no. 33 (2020): 2050376. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217984920503765.

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In this paper, fracture behavior of a micro-scale double cantilever beam (DCB) made of superconducting materials is investigated based on the strain gradient theory. Both zero-field cooling (ZFC) and field cooling (FC) magnetization processes are considered. The closed-form solutions of the energy release rates and stress intensity factors are obtained. For ZFC process, superconducting materials are easy to damage during the process of reducing magnetic field rather than increasing magnetic field. For FC process, applied magnetic field will impede superconductors to damage. Moreover, the normalized energy release rate predicted by classical beam theory is larger than that predicted by strain gradient theory. As the characteristic length increases, the normalized energy release rate decreases. The present model may be useful for designing experiments to test the fracture toughness of micro-scale high-temperature superconductors.

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Mathew, Eldho, Sunil Chandrakant Joshi, and Periyasamy Manikandan. "Enhancement in Interply Toughness of BMI Composites Using Micro-Thin Films." Journal of Composites Science 5, no. 2 (2021): 49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcs5020049.

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Nowadays, laminated composites are widely used in the aerospace sector. All laminates have interply/interlaminar interfaces even if they are made using automated processes. The interfaces act as the areas of weaknesses and the potential crack initiation regions. Hence, any enhancement in the crack initiation and propagation resistance is always sought after. Usage of polymeric thin films is one of the promising and viable ways to achieve this. It is also easy to incorporate micro-thin films into any automation process. In the present study, different customized thin films that are compatible with Glass/BMI composites are fabricated. Fracture toughness tests in Mode I (opening mode), Mode II (sliding mode) and Mixed Mode I/II are conducted respectively using Double Cantilever Beam (DCB), End Notch Flexure (ENF) and Mixed Mode Bending (MMB) test specimens. This paper discusses the manufacturing of compatible micro-thin films. The various challenges faced during the manufacturing and incorporation of thin films are presented. The results of the various fracture toughness tests are examined. Mechanisms through which the different films help in resisting the crack initiation and propagation are deliberated and discussed. The incorporation of this technique in Automated Fiber Placement (AFP) is also discussed.

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Hyun, So-Hee, Mi-Song Kim, Won Sik Hong, Jae-Hyung Lee, and Tae-Jong Lee. "Tensile Strength Property with PdCo-Cu Multi-Layer Lamination and Heat Treatment of MEMS Probe for Probe Card." Journal of Welding and Joining 42, no. 5 (2024): 560–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5781/jwj.2024.42.5.13.

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Cantilever wire probe card has limited to transport high-speed signal because of long wire but it is suitable for inspecting high-current and high voltage semiconductor such as wide band gap (WBG) power semiconductors.Superior mechanical property of a probe card wire is in demand because it is respectively used wafer inspection with in and out pad on the top surface of the power semiconductor wafer. Therefore, in this study, tensile specimens of micro electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) probe alternatively layered and electroplated with palladium (Pd)-cobalt (Co) alloy layers and copper (Cu) layers. MEMS probe was also measured tensile strength and elongation with multi-lamination and heat treatment conditions. Additionally, fractography of fracture surface after tensile test were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM). As the number of PdCo-Cu multi-layer increased, 11, 15 and 21 layered specimens showed higher tensile strength and longer elongation than 5 layered specimens because of the increase of laminated interface of PdCo and Cu. 7 layered specimen after isothermal aging had higher tensile strength and longer elongation than before isothermal aging. In 5, 11, 15 and 21 layered specimens, the fracture surfaces of tensile test specimens without aging treatment showed a ductile-brittle mixed fracture mode. Fracture surfaces of 7-layered specimen before and after isothermal aging showed a ductile-brittle mixed fracture mode.

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Panjan, Peter, Aleksandar Miletić, Aljaž Drnovšek, et al. "Cracking Resistance of Selected PVD Hard Coatings." Coatings 14, no. 11 (2024): 1452. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings14111452.

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In this study, we used the depth-sensing indentation technique to determine the cracking resistance of different PVD hard coatings deposited on tool steel substrates. By comparison, with the load–displacement curves, measured at the sites of carbide inclusion and a tempered martensite matrix in the D2 tool steel substrate surface, we observed different fracture mechanisms on TiAlN hard coating prepared by sputtering. Additional information about the deformation and fracture phenomena was obtained from the SEM images of FIB cross-sections of both types of indents. We found that the main deformation mechanism in the coating is the shear sliding along the columnar boundaries, which causes the formation of steps on the substrate surface under individual columns. Using nanoindentation test, we also analyzed the cracking resistance of a set of nl-(Cr,Al)N nanolayer coatings with different Cr/Al atomic ratios, which were sputter deposited in a single batch. From the indentation curves, we determined the loads (Fc) at which the first pop-in appears and compared them with the plasticity index H3/E2. A good correlation of both parameters was found. We also compared the indentation curves of the TiAlN coating, which were prepared by cathodic arc evaporation using 1-fold, 2-fold and 3-fold rotation of the substrates. Additionally, on the same set of samples, the fracture toughness measurements were performed by micro-cantilever deflection test. The impact of growth defects on the cracking resistance of the hard coatings was also confirmed.

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Sampino, Samuele, Raffaele Ciardiello, Domenico D’Angelo, Laura Cagna, and Davide Salvatore Paolino. "Effect of the Atmospheric Plasma Treatment Parameters on the Surface and Mechanical Properties of Carbon Fabric." Materials 17, no. 11 (2024): 2547. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma17112547.

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The use of Atmospheric Pressure Plasma Jet (APPJ) technology for surface treatment of carbon fabrics is investigated to estimate the increase in the fracture toughness of carbon-fiber composite materials. Nitrogen and a nitrogen–hydrogen gas mixture were used to size the carbon fabrics by preliminarily optimizing the process parameters. The effects of the APPJ on the carbon fabrics were investigated by using optical and chemical characterizations. Optical Emission Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared-Attenuated Total Reflection, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy and micro-Raman spectroscopy were adopted to assess the effectiveness of ablation and etching effects of the treatment, in terms of grafting of new functional groups and active sites. The treated samples showed an increase in chemical groups grafted onto the surfaces, and a change in carbon structure was influential in the case of chemical interaction with epoxy groups of the epoxy resin adopted. Flexural test, Double Cantilever Beam and End-Notched Flexure tests were then carried out to characterize the composite and evaluate the fracture toughness in Mode I and Mode II, respectively. N2/H2 specimens showed significant increases in GIC and GIIC, compared to the untreated specimens, and slight increases in Pmax at the first crack propagation.

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Dixit, Subrat Mani, Hari Bahadur Dura, and Hemanta Dulal. "Experimental Evaluation of Wöhler Curve for Mild Steel Plates Manufactured In Nepal." Journal of Advanced College of Engineering and Management 7, no. 01 (2022): 173–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jacem.v7i01.47343.

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This research work was carried out to explore the fatigue behavior of Mild Steel Plates manufactured in Nepal and determine the Wöhler Curve of the plates by preparing test specimens and conducting fatigue experiment of the specimens in the rotating cantilever bending fatigue test machine. The laboratory data thus obtained were plotted to generate the Wöhler Curve of the material. Along with the curve the Basquin’s Coefficients and Endurance limitup to 106 cycles were determined. Specimen was designed in accordance to ASME E 466-15 and the machining was done in accordance to IS 1075-1985 and then was subjected to various different loads. Exploratory tensile test of the material was also done in order to find out the proportion of the applied load with respect to the ultimate strength of the material. Surface crack was also inspected.Micro void coalescence and Micro cleavage formations were noticed in the fractured section.

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Rodrigues, Vasco C. M. B., Ana T. F. Venâncio, Eduardo A. S. Marques, et al. "Mechanical Characterization of a Novel Cyclic Olefin-Based Hot-Melt Adhesive." Materials 18, no. 4 (2025): 855. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma18040855.

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A novel hot-melt cyclic olefin-based adhesive was designed as a transparent, non-tacky film of amorphous thermoplastic with a unique polymer micro-structure. The aim of the present paper is to assess the mechanical properties of the 0.1 mm thick COP hot-melt adhesive film through adhesive characterizations tests. The glass transition temperature was determined using dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). For mechanical characterization, bulk and thick adherend shear specimens were manufactured and tested at a quasi-static rate, where at least three specimens were used to calculate the average and standard deviation values. Tensile tests revealed the effects of molecular chain drawing and reorientation before the onset of strain hardening. Thick adherend shear specimens were used to retrieve shear properties. Fracture behaviour was assessed with the double cantilever beam (DCB) test and end-notched flexure (ENF) test, for characterization under modes I and II, respectively. To study the in-joint behaviour, single lap joints (SLJs) of aluminium and carbon fibre-reinforced polymer (CFRP) were manufactured and tested under different temperatures. Results showed a progressive interfacial failure following adhesive plasticization, allowing deformation prior to failure at 8 MPa. An adhesive failure mode was confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis of aluminium SLJ. The adhesive exhibits tensile properties comparable to existing adhesives, while demonstrating enhanced lap shear strength and a distinctive failure mechanism. These characteristics suggest potential advantages in applications involving heat and pressure across automotive, electronics and structural bonding sectors.

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SHAMS EDDIN, Sana, Elie JASSER, Mohammad CHAMS EDDIN, Joseph MAKHZOUME, Carole YARED, and Paul J. BOULOS. "Distal cantilever length comparison in esthetic material for hybrid implant prosthesis: an in vitro study." International Arab Journal of Dentistry 14, no. 1 (2023): 47–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.70174/iajd.v14i1.861.

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Objective: the assessment of distal cantilever length in implant supported prothesis (Hybrid prosthesis) by comparing the load to fracture in two different esthetic framework materials (Zirconia and Polyetheretherketone (PEEK)) with two different cantilevers loading distances (10mm, 15mm). Material and methods: 20 frameworks were fabricated and divided into 4 groups (n=5): according to the material type, Peek, zirconia, and according to the cantilever loading distance (10), or (15) mm and a load-to-fracture test was used until complete fracture of specimens occurs. Results: The effect of material type and cantilever loading distance were statistically significant for the mean load-to-fracture values (P< 0.05). The Zirconia group failed at higher fracture loads (817 N) than the Peek one (651 N). Frameworks with 10 mm cantilever loading distance failed at higher fracture loads than specimens with 15 mm. Conclusion: Peek is a suitable material for hybrid implant prosthesis (with distal cantilever in specific situations, and for zirconia the success chances are higher in these types of prosthesis when the distal cantilever length is kept at its minimal value (10 mm).

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Costin, Walter, Olivier Lavigne, and Andrei G. Kotousov. "Characterisation of Fracture and HAC Resistance of an Individual Microstructural Constituent with Micro-Cantilever Testing." Key Engineering Materials 713 (September 2016): 66–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.713.66.

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This paper focuses on the application of miniaturized fracture tests to evaluate the fracture and hydrogen assisted cracking (HAC) resistance of a selected microstructural constituent (acicular ferrite, AF) which only occurs in microscopic material volumes. Site-specific Focused Ion Beam (FIB) micro-machining was used to fabricate sharply notched micro-cantilevers into a region fully constituting of AF. The micro-cantilevers were subsequently tested under uncharged and hydrogen charged conditions with a nanoindenter. The load displacement curves were recorded and analysed with a simplified plastic hinge model for the uncharged specimen, as AF demonstrated an essentially ductile behaviour. The simplified model assisted with FE simulations provided values of the critical plastic crack tip opening displacement (CTOD). A value of the conditional fracture toughness was thereby determined as 12.1 MPa m1/2. With LEFM, a threshold stress intensity factor, Kth, to initiate hydrogen crack propagation in AF was found to range between 1.56 MPa m1/2 and 4.36 MPa m1/2. All these values were significantly below the corresponding values reported for various ferrous alloys in standard macro-tests. This finding indicates that the fracture and HAC resistance at the micro-scale could be very different than at the macro-scale as not all fracture toughening mechanisms may be activated at this scale level.

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Liu, Shuangjie, Yongping Hao, and Xiannan Zou. "Study on the stress of micro-S-shaped folding cantilever." Advances in Mechanical Engineering 12, no. 5 (2020): 168781402092486. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1687814020924865.

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Micro-cantilever has shown wide application prospect in the field of micro-sensors, actuators, gyroscope, and so on. There are abundant research studies on simple cantilever beam models, but there are few on S-shaped folding cantilever with complex structure, although it is widely used. In order to study the deformation failure of S-shaped folding cantilever, the force analysis of S-shaped folding cantilever was carried out in this article, and the stress values of different positions under the external load of the cantilever were deduced. The finite element model about S-shaped folding cantilever was built based on software ANSYS. The theoretical calculation was compared with the finite element calculation, and the results showed that the max stress is 681 MPa based on the derived theoretical formula, the max stress is 673 MPa based on the ANSYS, the error is 1.18%, which can prove formula is accurate. To further validate the stress predicted by the mathematical modeling, a micro-force testing platform was built to test the cantilever. Since the stress value cannot be measured directly in the test, the force corresponding to the stress was taken as standard and compared it with the simulation. The tested external force was corresponding the yield limit. The results showed that the experimental force was 0.06462 N before the plastic deformation occurred, the theoretical outcome was 0.065231 N corresponding the yield limit, the error was 0.94%. Both simulation and experimental results depict that the theoretical model is effective for predicting the stress of the S-shaped folded cantilever. The theoretical model helps to enhance the efficiency, and improve the performance, predictability, and control of the S-shaped folding cantilever.

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Rajpoot, Devashish, Parag Tandaiya, R. Lakshmi Narayan, and Upadrasta Ramamurty. "Size effects and failure regimes in notched micro-cantilever beam fracture." Acta Materialia 234 (August 2022): 118041. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2022.118041.

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Koyama, Satoru, Kazuki Takashima, and Yakichi Higo. "Fracture Toughness Measurement of a Micro-Sized Single Crystal Silicon." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 292–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.292.

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Reliability is one of the most critical issues for designing practical MEMS devices. In particular, the fracture toughness of micro-sized MEMS elements is important, as micro/nano-sized flaws can act as a crack initiation sites to cause failure of such devices. Existing MEMS devices commonly use single crystal silicon. Fracture toughness testing upon micro-sized single crystal silicon was therefore carried out to examine whether a fracture toughness measurement technique, based upon the ASTM standard, is applicable to 1/1000th sized silicon specimens. Notched cantilever beam type specimens were prepared by focused ion beam machining. Two specimens types with different notch orientations were prepared. The notch plane/direction were (100)/[010], and (110)/[ ＿ ,110], respectively. Fracture toughness tests were carried out using a mechanical testing machine for micro-sized specimens. Fracture has been seen to occur in a brittle manner in both orientations. The provisional fracture toughness values (KQ) are 1.05MPam1/2 and 0.96MPam1/2, respectively. These values meet the micro-yielding criteria for plane strain fracture toughness values (KIC). Fracture toughness values for the orientations tested are of the same order as values in the literature. The results obtained in this investigation indicate that the fracture toughness measurement method used is applicable for micro-sized components of single crystal silicon in MEMS devices.

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Alfred Franklin, V., T. Christopher, and B. Nageswara Rao. "Influence of Root Rotation on Delamination Fracture Toughness of Composites." International Journal of Aerospace Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/829698.

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Large deviations have been observed while analysing composite double cantilever beam (DCB) specimens assuming each cracked half as a simple cantilever beam. This paper examines the effect of rotational spring stiffness(K)on the critical fracture energy(GIC)considering nonzero slope at the crack-tip of the DCB specimen by modelling each cracked half as the spring-hinged cantilever beam. The critical load estimates of DCB specimens fromGICare found to be in good agreement with in-house and existing test results of different composite material systems.

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Wetherhold, Robert C., and James A. Forand. "Improving stability in the double-cantilever-beam fracture test." Materials Science and Engineering: A 147, no. 1 (1991): L17—L20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0921-5093(91)90816-6.

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Němeček, Jiří, and Jiří Němeček. "Microscale Tests of Cement Paste Performed with FIB and Nanoindentation." Key Engineering Materials 760 (January 2018): 239–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.760.239.

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This study deals with experimental determination of tensile properties of cement paste hydration products at micro-scale. Cantilever micro-beams with length of about 16 µm and pentagon cross section with micrometer dimensions were fabricated by focused ion beam milling on hydrated cement paste samples. Nanoindentation was used for evaluating elastic properties while tensile properties were derived from beam bending tests. Displacement controlled micro-scale tests give access to both tensile strength and estimates of fracture energy based on the load-displacement curves measured with the nanoindenter. The mean tensile strength and the fracture energy of inner hydration product were assessed as 791 MPa and 16.7 J/m2, respectively. The huge difference of the micro-scale properties when compared to macroscopic values comes from the scaling properties of concrete.

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Lv, Jian An, Zhen Chuan Yang, Gui Zheng Yan, Yong Cai, Bao Shun Zhang, and Kevin J. Chen. "Characterization of AlGaN/GaN Cantilevers Fabricated with Deep-Release Techniques." Key Engineering Materials 483 (June 2011): 14–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.483.14.

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In this article, integrated AlGaN/GaN cantilevers on (111) silicon substrate are fabricated and characterized. The process started with AlGaN/GaN HEMTs fabrication followed by a series of dry-etch-only MEMS process. To characterize the residual stress distribution, Micro-Raman spectroscopy is used and the residual stress in suspended GaN cantilever is found ~ 90% lower after releasing. A type of micro-bending test is used to characterize the piezoresponse of AlGaN/GaN HEMT on the GaN cantilever. An output current modulation greater than 20% can be observed when the cantilever is vertically downward deflected ~ 30 µm.

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Bohnert, C., N. J. Schmitt, S. M. Weygand, O. Kraft, and R. Schwaiger. "Fracture toughness characterization of single-crystalline tungsten using notched micro-cantilever specimens." International Journal of Plasticity 81 (June 2016): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijplas.2016.01.014.

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Saseendran, Vishnu, and Christian Berggreen. "Mixed-mode fracture evaluation of aerospace grade honeycomb core sandwich specimens using the Double Cantilever Beam–Uneven Bending Moment test method." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 4 (2018): 991–1018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636218777964.

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Fracture testing of aerospace grade honeycomb core sandwich composites is carried out using the Double Cantilever Beam specimen loaded with Uneven Bending Moments, and a Double Cantilever Beam–Uneven Bending Moment test rig capable of applying pure moments is utilized. Specimens with carbon fiber-reinforced plastic face sheets are employed with a range of honeycomb core grades comprising of Nomex® and Kevlar paper. The sandwich specimens are reinforced with steel doublers to reduce excessive rotation of the face sheets. The mode mixity phase angle pertaining to a particular ratio of moments between the two arms of the Double Cantilever Beam specimen is determined using the numerical mode mixity method—Crack Surface Displacement Extrapolation method. For Nomex® honeycomb core sandwich specimens, it is observed that the mode I interface fracture toughness increases with increase in core density. The interface fracture toughnesses for Nomex®-based honeycomb cores are also compared against specimens with Kevlar paper-based honeycomb cores. Crack propagation is observed at the interface just beneath the meniscus layer for the majority of the tested specimen configurations. The Double Cantilever Beam–Uneven Bending Moment test methodology with the concept of direct application of moments on both crack flanks has proven to have a significant potential for mixed mode face/core fracture characterization of aerospace grade sandwich composites.

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Liu, Dong, and Peter E. J. Flewitt. "The Measurement of Mechanical Properties of Thermal Barrier Coatings by Micro-Cantilever Tests." Key Engineering Materials 525-526 (November 2012): 13–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.525-526.13.

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Micro-scale cantilever beam specimens have been created in air plasma sprayed thermal barrier coatings (APS-TBC) by focus-ion beam milling and tested in-situ using a force measurement technique. The elastic modulus, fracture toughness and the flexural strength of the specimens are calculated from the loading-deflection curve. In addition, the failure modes of the tested TBC are analysed.

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Cho, Ki Ho, Hak Joo Lee, Jae Hyun Kim, Jong Man Kim, Yong Kweon Kim, and Chang Wook Baek. "A Study of Nano-Indentation Test Using Rhombus-Shaped Cantilever in Atomic Force Microscope." Key Engineering Materials 326-328 (December 2006): 207–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.326-328.207.

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We have designed and fabricated diamond-shaped AFM cantilevers capable of performing multi-functioning tasks by using single crystal silicon (SCS) micromachining techniques. Structural improvement of the cantilever has clearly solved the crucial problems resulted from using conventional simple beam-AFM cantilever for mechanical testing. After forcecalibration of the cantilever, indentation tests are performed to determine the mechanical behaviors in micro/nano-scale as well as topographic imaging. A diamond Berkovich tip of which radius at the apex is approximately 20 nm is attached on the cantilever for the indentation test and 3D topography measurement. The indentation load-depth curves of nano-scale polymeric pattern (PAK01-UV curable blended resin) are measured and surface topography right after indenting is also obtained. Development of this novel cantilever will extend the AFM functionality into the highly sensitive mechanical testing devices in nano/pico scale.

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Pan, Shi-Dong, Lin-Zhi Wu, Yu-Guo Sun, and Zheng-Gong Zhou. "Fracture test for double cantilever beam of honeycomb sandwich panels." Materials Letters 62, no. 3 (2008): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.matlet.2007.05.084.

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Novais, Mariana, António Sérgio Silva, Joana Mendes, Pedro Barreiros, Carlos Aroso, and José Manuel Mendes. "Fracture Resistance of CAD/CAM Implant-Supported 3Y-TZP-Zirconia Cantilevers: An In Vitro Study." Materials 15, no. 19 (2022): 6638. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma15196638.

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(1) Introduction: Implant-supported fixed complete dentures are mostly composed of cantilevers. The purpose of this work was to evaluate the fracture resistance of zirconia (Prettau®, second generation, or Ice Zirkon Translucent, first generation) with cantilever lengths of 6 and 10 mm, and zirconia’s fracture resistance in relation to an average bite force of 250 N. (2) Materials and methods: Forty structures were created in CAD/CAM and divided into four groups: group A (6 mm cantilever in IZT), group B (10 mm cantilever in IZT), group C (6 mm cantilever in Pz), and group D (10 mm cantilever in pz). The study consisted of a traditional “load-to-failure” test. (3) Results: A statistically significant result was found for the effect of cantilever length, t(38) = 16.23 (p < 0.001), with this having a large effect size, d = 4.68. The 6 mm cantilever length (M = 442.30, sd = 47.49) was associated with a higher mean force at break than the 10 mm length (M = 215.18, sd = 40.74). No significant effect was found for the type of zirconia: t(38) = 0.31 (p = 0.757), and d = 0.10. (4) Conclusions: All the components with cantilever lengths of 6 mm broke under forces higher than 250 N. Cantilevers larger than 10 mm should be avoided.

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Henry, Ronan, Thierry Blay, Thierry Douillard, et al. "Local fracture toughness measurements in polycrystalline cubic zirconia using micro-cantilever bending tests." Mechanics of Materials 136 (September 2019): 103086. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mechmat.2019.103086.

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Iqbal, F., J. Ast, M. Göken, and K. Durst. "In situ micro-cantilever tests to study fracture properties of NiAl single crystals." Acta Materialia 60, no. 3 (2012): 1193–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2011.10.060.

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Wang, Xiao Qian, Shu Bin Yan, Ke Zhen Ma, Peng Fei Xu, and Wen Dong Zhang. "A Novel Noise Resistance Optical Accelerometer Based on Micro-Ring Resonant Cavity." Key Engineering Materials 562-565 (July 2013): 232–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.562-565.232.

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To meet a high-precision accelerometer resistance of temperature, humidity and other external noise, a new multi-ring cascade optical accelerometer structure is designed. The micro-ring resonator on the cantilever beam based on the photo-elastic effect and the contrast are fabricated with the same manufacturing process and size, which can effectively meet the consistency of the contrast and test micro-ring resonator on the cantilever. The one resonance point curve will split into two under the acceleration, thus the acceleration value can be obtained by detecting the wavelength of the two resonant points. By testing the cascade race-track shaped micro-ring resonator at different temperatures, the Q=104, the test requirement of cascade race-track shaped micro-ring accelerometer in different environments is greatly met. The design can be widely applied to the occasions of penetration system with high impact, strong vibration and so on. And the anti-noise and anti-jamming features of the integrated miniaturized high-sensitivity MOEMS sensors are realized.

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Li, Xi De, and Zhao Zhang. "Probe-Type Microforce Sensor for Mirco/Nano Experimental Mechanics." Advanced Materials Research 33-37 (March 2008): 943–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.33-37.943.

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In recent years with the development of MEMS and NEMS, various micro and nano scale experiments are required. In general, the smaller the sample, the smaller the force is in the measurement. But it is difficult to load and measure such small force. We developed a probe-type loading and force sensor system to measure micro/nano samples. The system employs a semiconductor strain gauge of a cantilever type sensor and a micro manipulator. A highly sensitive, stable sensing cantilever beam made of single crystal silicon is ion implanted to form the P-type resistor (strain sensor). A tungsten probe with 100 nm radius of curvature was attached to the end of the cantilever as the micro loading tip. We constructed the measurement system and investigated its properties, such as linearity, dynamic response and stability. We also employed microspeckle interferometry to calibrate the force sensor. In preliminary experiments, we successfully obtained the force resolution 0.7 μN and applied our probe-type microforce sensor to calibrate an atomic force microscope (AFM) probe beam and test a single silkworm filament.

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Her, Shiuh Chuan, and Wei Bo Su. "Mode I Fracture Toughness of a Tri-Layered Structure with Interfacial Crack." Applied Mechanics and Materials 71-78 (July 2011): 1440–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.71-78.1440.

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Analytical model based on the Bernoulli beam theory and fracture mechanics have been developed to predict the fracture toughness of a tri-layered beam with interfacial crack. In this work, a double cantilever beam test is conducted to determine the fracture toughness of mode I. The strain energy release rate for the double cantilever beam is expressed as a function of the material properties and thickness of the tri-layer beam. The analytical solution is validated with the finite element result. Good agreement demonstrates that the proposed approach is able to provide an efficient way for the calculation of the fracture toughness of a multi-layered structure. The effects of material properties and thickness between the adjacent layers of the interfacial crack are examined through a parametric study.

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Robinson, P., and D. Q. Song. "A New Mode Iii Delamination Test for Composites." Advanced Composites Letters 1, no. 5 (1992): 096369359200100. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369359200100501.

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This letter reports a concept for a Mode III test method which eliminates the Mode II component experienced with the split cantilever beam test method. The success of the design is demonstrated by finite element analyses and by SEM fracture surface photographs. Initial test results are reported for a carbon fibre epoxy composite.

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Takahashi, Yoshimasa, Hikaru Kondo, Kazuya Aihara, et al. "Interfacial Fracture Strength of Micro-Scale Si/Cu Components with Different Free-Edge Shape." Key Engineering Materials 665 (September 2015): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.665.169.

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The strength against interfacial fracture initiation from a free-edge of Si/Cu micro-components was evaluated. The micro-scale cantilever specimens containing dissimilar interfaces were fabricated with a focused-ion-beam (FIB) technique, and they were loaded with a quantitative nanoindenter holder operated in a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The specimens were successfully fractured along the Si/Cu interface, and the critical loads at fracture were measured. The critical stress distribution near the free-edge was evaluated with the finite element method (FEM). The near-edge stress distributions of 90°/90°-shaped specimens were scattered while those of 135°/135°-shaped specimens were in good agreement despite the difference in specimen dimensions. Such a difference was discussed in terms of the relation between the magnitude of stress singularity and the microstructures of material.

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LOO, SHANE ZHI YUAN, PUAY CHENG LEE, ZAN XUAN LIM, et al. "INTERFACE FRACTURE TOUGHNESS ASSESSMENT OF SOLDER JOINTS USING DOUBLE CANTILEVER BEAM TEST." International Journal of Modern Physics B 24, no. 01n02 (2010): 164–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979210064095.

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In the current work, a test scheme to evaluate solder joint interface fracture toughness using double cantilever beam (DCB) test has been successfully demonstrated. The obtained results, in terms of critical energy release rate, predict the joint failure based on the principle of fracture mechanics. The results can be used as a materials property in the reliability design of various types of solder-ball joined packages. DCB specimens made of 99.9 wt% copper were selected in the current work. Eutectic Sn -37 Pb and lead-free Sn -3.5 Ag -0.5 Cu solders were used to join two pieces of the copper beams with controlled solder thickness. The test record showed steady propagation of the crack along the solder / copper interface, which verifies the viability of such a testing scheme. Interface fracture toughness for as-joined, extensively-reflowed and thermally aged samples has been measured. Both the reflow treatment and the thermal aging lead to degradation of the solder joint fracture resistance. Reflow treatment was more damaging as it induces much faster interface reaction. Fractographic analysis established that the fracture has a mixed micromechanism of dimple and cleavage. The dimples are formed as a result of the separation between the hard intermetallic compound (IMC) particles and the soft solder material, while the cleavage is formed by the brittle split of the IMCs. When the IMC thickness is increased due to extended interface reaction, the proportion of IMC cleavage failure increases, and this was reflected in the decrease of the critical energy release rate.

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Goharian, Amirhossein, Ahmad Ramli Rashidi, Mohammed Rafiq Abdul Kadir, R. A. Abdullah, and Mat Uzir Wahit. "Development of Novel Polymer Composite Beam Using Ultrasonic Welding Process for Acetabular Cup Prosthesis." Key Engineering Materials 471-472 (February 2011): 945–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.471-472.945.

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The objective of this study was to prepare a basic contributed model in beam to examine this novel composition supposed to apply for acetabular cup. Injection molding process used to manufacture of the component whereas ultrasonic welding was utilized to joint two components. Molding and welding value parameters were carried out by trial and error process. Strength bonding of two components was evaluated by single cantilever beam (SCB) test. The Interfacial fracture energy attained by single cantilever beam (SCB) test was exceeded over 1800 after 70 mm crack propagation.

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Budzik, Michal K., Henrik M. Jensen, and Julien Jumel. "Fracture in the Single Cantilever Beam Test with Large Scale Bridging." Key Engineering Materials 627 (September 2014): 221–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.627.221.

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A single cantilever beam test was performed on joints constituted from unidirectional carbon fiber composite flexible beam bonded to a rigid polyamide/aluminium block. The loading was following a constant separation rate rule, for which steady-state fracture energy can be obtained. In addition to the standard resistance curve we have investigated, using backface strain monitoring technique, fiber bridging effect on load distribution in the vicinity of the crack front. A big impact of the fiber bridging on the overallR-curve behaviour was confirmed with local non self-consistency of the crack propagation. The results are backed up analytically.

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Sundararaman, Viswanathan, and Barry D. Davidson. "An unsymmetric double cantilever beam test for interfacial fracture toughness determination." International Journal of Solids and Structures 34, no. 7 (1997): 799–817. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(96)00055-8.

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Kim, Y. C., H. K. Choi, and J. U. Cho. "Experimental Study On Fracture Property Of Double Cantilever Beam Specimen With Aluminum Foam." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 60, no. 2 (2015): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/amm-2015-0087.

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Abstract This study aims to investigate double cantilever beam specimen with aluminum foam bonded by spray adhesive to investigate the fracture strength of the adhesive joint experimentally. The fracture energy at opening mode is calculated by the formulae of British Engineering Standard (BS 7991) and International Standard (ISO 11343). For the static experiment, four types of specimens with the heights (h) of 25 mm, 30 mm, 35 mm and 40 mm are manufactured and the experimental results are compared with each other. As the height becomes greater, the fracture energy becomes higher. After the length of crack reaches 150 mm, the fracture energy of the specimen (h=35 mm) is greater than that of the specimen (h=40 mm). Fatigue test is also performed with DCB test specimen. As the height decreases, the fracture energy becomes higher. By the result obtained from this study, aluminum foam with adhesive joint can be applied to actual composite structure and its fracture property can possibly be anticipated.

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Saseendran, Vishnu, Leif A. Carlsson, and Christian Berggreen. "Shear and foundation effects on crack root rotation and mode-mixity in moment- and force-loaded single cantilever beam sandwich specimen." Journal of Composite Materials 52, no. 18 (2018): 2537–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0021998317749714.

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Foundation effects play a crucial role in sandwich fracture specimens with a soft core. Accurate estimation of deformation characteristics at the crack front is vital in understanding compliance, energy release rate and mode-mixity in fracture test specimens. Beam on elastic foundation analysis of moment- and force-loaded single cantilever beam sandwich fracture specimens is presented here. In addition, finite element analysis of the single cantilever beam specimen is conducted to determine displacements, rotations, energy release rate and mode-mixity. Based on finite element analysis, a foundation modulus is proposed that closely agrees with the numerical compliance and energy release rate results for all cases considered. An analytical expression for crack root rotation of the loaded upper face sheet provides consistent results for both loading configurations. For the force-loaded single cantilever beam specimen (in contrast to the moment-loaded case), it was found that the crack length normalized energy release rate and the mode-mixity phase angle increase strongly as the crack length decreases, a result of increased dominance of shear loading.

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Ding, Rengen, Yulung Chiu, Mingqiang Chu, Sanjooram Paddea, and Guanqiao Su. "A study of fracture behaviour of gamma lamella using the notched TiAl micro-cantilever." Philosophical Magazine 100, no. 8 (2020): 982–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/14786435.2020.1714088.

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Henry, Ronan, Isabelle Zacharie-Aubrun, Thierry Blay, et al. "Fracture properties of an irradiated PWR UO2 fuel evaluated by micro-cantilever bending tests." Journal of Nuclear Materials 538 (September 2020): 152209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jnucmat.2020.152209.

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Matoy, Kurt, Thomas Detzel, Matthias Müller, Christian Motz, and Gerhard Dehm. "Interface fracture properties of thin films studied by using the micro-cantilever deflection technique." Surface and Coatings Technology 204, no. 6-7 (2009): 878–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.surfcoat.2009.09.013.

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Deng, Yun, and Afrooz Barnoush. "Hydrogen embrittlement revealed via novel in situ fracture experiments using notched micro-cantilever specimens." Acta Materialia 142 (January 2018): 236–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.actamat.2017.09.057.

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Ogiso, Hisato, Mikiko Yoshida, Jun Akedo, and Shizuka Nakano. "2807 Compression Fracture Test for Micro-particle." Proceedings of the JSME annual meeting 2005.7 (2005): 157–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemecjo.2005.7.0_157.

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Mesquita, Luciane R., Sheila C. Rahal, Camilo Mesquita Neto, et al. "Development and mechanical properties of a locking T-plate." Pesquisa Veterinária Brasileira 37, no. 5 (2017): 495–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-736x2017000500012.

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ABSTRACT: This study aimed to develop a locking T-plate and to evaluate its mechanical properties in synthetic models. A titanium 2.7mm T-plate was designed with a shaft containing three locked screw holes and one dynamic compression hole, and a head with two locked screw holes. Forty T-shaped polyurethane blocks, and 20 T-plates were used for mechanical testing. Six bone-plate constructs were tested to failure, three in axial compression and three in cantilever bending. Fourteen bone-plate constructs were tested for failure in fatigue, seven in axial compression and seven in cantilever bending. In static testing higher values of axial compression test than cantilever bending test were observed for all variables. In axial compression fatigue testing all bone-plate constructs withstood 1,000,000 cycles. Four bone-plate constructs failure occurred before 1,000,000 cycles in cantilever bending fatigue testing. In conclusion, the locking T-plate tested has mechanical properties that offer greatest resistance to fracture under axial loading than bending forces.

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Mc Auliffe, D., A. Karač, Neal Murphy, and Alojz Ivanković. "Characterisation of the Fracture Energy and Toughening Mechanisms of a Nano-Toughened Epoxy Adhesive." Key Engineering Materials 488-489 (September 2011): 573–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.488-489.573.

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In this study the adhesive joint fracture behaviour of a nano-toughened epoxy adhesive was investigated. Two experimental test methods were used; (i) the standard tapered double cantilever beam (TDCB) test to measure the mode I adhesive joint fracture energy, GIC, as a function of bond gap thickness and (ii) a circumferentially deep notched tensile test to determine the cohesive strength of the adhesive for a range of constraint levels. It was found that the fracture energy of the adhesive followed the well-known bond gap thickness dependency [1]. SEM analysis of the TDCB fracture surfaces revealed significant plastic void growth. Finally, numerical modelling of the experimental tests suggested that most of the fracture energy was dissipated via highly localised plasticity in the fracture process zone ahead of the crack tip.

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Kačmarčik, Josip, Pejo Konjatić, and Aleksandar Karač. "FRACTURE MODE-MIXITY IN SYMETRICAL BEAM SPECIMENS: FPZ LENGTH INFLUENCE." Mašinstvo 13, no. 3 (2016): 163–71. https://doi.org/10.62456/jmem.2016.03.163.

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&lt;p style=&quot;text-align: justify;&quot;&gt;Mixed-mode fracture in delamination test utilizing double cantilever specimens loaded with bending moments is investigated in the paper. FEM simulations are performed using cohesive zone model where different configurations of test loadings and two critical fracture energy values, ie. two fracture process zone lengths, are considered. Fracture energy partitioning is performed and fracture mode-mixity is determined using simulation results, i.e. mode I and mode II fracture parts in total fracture energy are calculated. The fracture mode-mixities numerically determined for different configurations are compared with results obtained using two analytical fracture energy partitioning theories, according to Williams and to Hutchinson and Suo. An excellent agreement between numerical and the analytical results is observed.&lt;/p&gt;

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Ma, Xi Hong, and Chang Long Li. "Test of Reliability of Micro-Accelerometer in Vibration Environment." Advanced Materials Research 588-589 (November 2012): 1881–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.588-589.1881.

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In order to quickly determine the weak links of micro-accelerometer in vibration environment, the test profile of step stress and sustained stress were designed in the vibration environment on micro-accelerometer, the relevant reliability enhancement test was actualized for micro-accelerometer of 10g, the failure time was given in the sustained stress. The failure mode and failure mechanism were analyzed by detailed test results, the ANSYS software was used to simulate the move route and stress distribution of cantilever beam in the conditions of being adhesion strength and without it. According to the step stress test and constant stress test of RET, the various stress limit, the relevant failure mode and the failure mechanism were given in the vibration environment.

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Peng, Xinlin, Yucheng Ji, Shuo Chen, et al. "Structural Optimization and Mechanical Simulation of MEMS Thin-Film Getter–Heater Unit." Micromachines 13, no. 12 (2022): 2252. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13122252.

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A MEMS thin-film getter–heater unit has been previously proposed for the vacuum packaging of a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) device, where the floating structure (FS) design is found to be obviously more power-efficient than the solid structure (SS) one by heat transfer capacity simulation. However, the mechanical strength of the FS is weaker than the SS by nature. For high temperature usage, the unit structure must be optimized in order to avoid fracture of the cantilever beam or film delamination due to strong excessive stress caused by heating. In this paper, COMSOL is used to simulate the stress and deformation of the MEMS thin-film getter–heater unit with the cantilever structure. By comparing various cantilever structures, it is found that a model with a symmetrically-shaped heater and edge–center-located cantilever model (II-ECLC model) is the most suitable. In this model, even when the structure is heated to about 600 °C, the maximum stress of the cantilever beam is only 455 MPa, much lower than the tensile strength of silicon nitride (Si3N4, 12 GPa), and the maximum deformation displacement is about 200 μm. Meanwhile, the interfacial stress between the getter and the insulating layer is 44 MPa, sufficiently lower than the adhesion strength between silicon nitride film and titanium film (400–1850 MPa). It is further found that both the stress of the cantilever structure and the interfacial stress between the getter and the insulating layer beneath increase linearly with temperature; and the deformation of the cantilever structure is proportional to its stress. This work gives guidance on the design of MEMS devices with cantilever structures and works in high temperature situations.

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Tang, Sen, Xinyu Wang, Beihai Huang, et al. "A Novel Ultrasonic Fatigue Test and Application in Bending Fatigue of TC4 Titanium Alloy." Materials 16, no. 1 (2022): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16010005.

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The very high cycle fatigue (VHCF) problems of thin-plate structures are usually caused by high-frequency vibrations. This paper proposes an accelerated fatigue test method based on ultrasonic loading technology in order to develop a feasible bending testing method and explore the bending fatigue characteristics of thin-plate structures in the VHCF regime. A new bending fatigue specimen with an intrinsic frequency of 20 kHz was designed based on cantilever bending through finite element simulation. It was verified by the axial load test with R = −1. The results showed that the method could effectively transfer the dangerous cross-section at the first-order cantilever bending restraint to the internal part of the specimen, thereby making the fracture location independent of the complex stresses. The linear relationship between the vibration amplitude and the maximum stress was also verified using strain measurements. Furthermore, the S-N curves and fracture morphology for different loading types were consistent with conventional studies to a certain extent, which indicated that the design of the bending test model was reasonable.

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