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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro-extrusion'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 17 February 2022

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1

Geißdörfer, S., A. Rosochowski, L. Olejnik, U. Engel, and M. Richert. "Micro-extrusion of ultrafine grained copper." International Journal of Material Forming 1, S1 (April 2008): 455–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-008-0093-1.

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2

C E, LEE, Hwang W T, and Kim H K. "Micro-Extrusion for a Gear Shaft." International Journal of Engineering Trends and Technology 68, no. 4 (April 25, 2020): 13–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.14445/22315381/ijett-v68i4p203s.

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3

Zheng, Jian Xin, Chuan Shao Liu, and Yue Min Zhang. "Basic Research on Ultrasonic Extrusion for 45 Steel Shaft." Key Engineering Materials 455 (December 2010): 288–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.455.288.

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Research on ultrasonic extrusion under different process parameters for 45 steel shaft based on orthogonal test is carried out. The influences of various process parameters on shaft surface roughness and micro hardness are analyzed. The experimental results show that the influences of tool radius, pre-pressure, feed rate and rotating speed in the ultrasonic extrusion on surface roughness and micro hardness are different, but there are optimal values in the given experimental conditions. Compared with conventional extrusion, it can reduce the part surface roughness and improve surface micro hardness significantly in the process of ultrasonic extrusion.

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4

Tian, Jing, Run Zhang, Jiayuan Yang, Weimin Chou, Ping Xue, and Yun Ding. "Additive Manufacturing of Wood Flour/PHA Composites Using Micro-Screw Extrusion: Effect of Device and Process Parameters on Performance." Polymers 13, no. 7 (March 31, 2021): 1107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym13071107.

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Based on additive manufacturing of wood flour and polyhydroxyalkanoates composites using micro-screw extrusion, device and process parameters were evaluated to achieve a reliable printing. The results show that the anisotropy of samples printed by micro-screw extrusion is less obvious than that of filament extrusion fused deposition modeling. The type of micro-screw, printing speed, layer thickness, and nozzle diameter have significant effects on the performance of printed samples. The linear relationship between the influencing parameters and the screw speed is established, therefore, the performance of printed products can be controlled by the extrusion flow rate related to screw speed.

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5

Preedawiphat, Pavaret, Numpon Mahayotsanun, Sedthawatt Sucharitpwatskul, Tatsuya Funazuka, Norio Takatsuji, Sujin Bureerat, and Kuniaki Dohda. "Finite Element Analysis of Grain Size Effects on Curvature in Micro-Extrusion." Applied Sciences 10, no. 14 (July 10, 2020): 4767. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10144767.

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The precision and accuracy of the final geometry in micro-parts is crucial, particularly for high-value-added metallic products. Micro-extrusion is one of the most promising processes for delivering high-precision micro-parts. The curving tendency observed in micro-extrusion parts is a major concern, significantly affecting the final part geometry. The purpose of this paper was to investigate the driving mechanism behind the curvature in micro-extrusion at room temperature. A finite element (FE) simulation was carried out to observe the influential primary factors: (1) grain size, (2) grain boundary, (3) grain orientation, and (4) bearing length of a 6063 aluminum alloy. The Extrusion Curvature Index (ECI) was also established to indicate the level of curvature in micro-extruded parts. The results showed that the grain boundary at the high strain and die opening area was the dominant factor for single-grain conditions. The interactive effects of the grain boundary and grain orientation also affected the curvature under single-grain conditions. If the number of grains across the specimen increased up to 2.7 (poly-grains), the curvature effect was dramatically reduced (the pins were straightened). For all conditions, the curvature in micro-extrusion could be eliminated by extending the bearing length up to the exit diameter length.

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6

Rajenthirakumar, D., R. Sridhar, R. Abenethiri, and Dwarkesh Bagri. "Experimental Investigations of Material Behaviour in Forward Micro Extrusion." Applied Mechanics and Materials 813-814 (November 2015): 536–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.813-814.536.

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Micro manufacturing has received good attention globally in terms of its manufacturing methods and processes. One of the most popular micro manufacturing processes is micro forming. Although there were efforts made to realize micro extrusion for industrial application, the technology itself was seen as being insufficiently mature and unlike conventional methods, there is no in-depth knowledge. It has become essential to develop a proper understanding which in turn could be used to develop dedicated processes for the manufacturing of metallic micro components. In this work, an attempt has been made to realize this special application of metal forming. A novel experimental setup consisting of forward extrusion assembly and a loading set-up has been developed to obtain the force-displacement response. The effects of minaturization on micro components and the material behavior during forward extrusion are investigated. As per industrial requirement and application of micro part in micro manufacturing process, grain size is an important factor. In this context the effect of grain size is also studied in this work. The realization of such a productive forward extrusion assembly poses significant advantages when compared to the conventional manufacturing technologies in the production of micro parts.

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7

Li, Ming, Rui Fan, Li Bao, Xue Yuan Zhang, Hong Yan Wang, and Michele M. Blum. "Simulation Research on Ploughing Extrusion Angle Influence on Machinability." Materials Science Forum 980 (March 2020): 117–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.980.117.

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In order to research the ploughing extrusion angle influence on cutting performance and realize the virtual design and manufacture of ploughing-extrusion forming cutter, the plough-extrusion forming process of wick micro-groove structure was simulated by DEFORM-3D software. The micro-copper tube with diameter of 6 mm was simplified to 0.4 mm thick copper plate in this paper. In the simulation process, only the single parameter of tool extrusion angle was changed (45°, 60°, and 90°). The structure, stress and strain distributions of copper plate fins formed by three kinds of extrusion angle cutters were analyzed. It is concluded that the plough-extrusion cutting performance of 60 degree extrusion angle cutter is the best.

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8

Sucharitpwatskul, Sedthawatt, Numpon Mahayotsanun, Sujin Bureerat, and Kuniaki Dohda. "Effects of Tool Coatings on Energy Consumption in Micro-Extrusion of Aluminum Alloy 6063." Coatings 10, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 381. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings10040381.

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The tool wear rate and energy consumption were typically unknown in micro-extrusion, which made it difficult to optimize the tool design for both the final part quality and production cost. This study investigated the effects of tool coatings on energy consumption in the micro-extrusion of aluminum alloy 6063. Three main factors were considered in this study: (1) tool coating types, (2) bearing length, and (3) extrusion ratio. The micro-extrusion finite element simulation model was developed and validated with the micro-extrusion experiment. The results showed that increasing bearing lengths led to the increase in tool wear rate and energy consumption for all the coating types. The decreasing coefficient of friction values of the tool-billet interface led to a decrease in energy consumption. High hardness values of the tool surface and low bearing lengths helped increase tool life. Low values of coefficient of friction and bearing lengths helped decrease energy consumption.

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9

Liu, Xiang Ru, and Xu Dong Zhou. "Brass H62 Hot Extrusion of Micro Gear." Materials Science Forum 704-705 (December 2011): 236–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.704-705.236.

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Gears are very important and widely used driving components in mechanical instruments, and the demands of micro-gears are increasing more and more active as the MEMS technology develops in recent years. In this paper, a brass micro gear, which modulus m = 0.125 mm, pressure angle α = 20°, number of teeth z = 6, addendum circle diameter d = 1 mm, hot extruded from brass H62 billet with size Φ3×3 mm at 650°C was studied by experimental method. The microstructure of the micro gear was observed by scanning electron microscope and optical microscope, and the conclusions are as follows: the fiber flow lines within the micro-gear were formed by the extrusion, so that the anisotropic mechanical properties of the micro-gear was happened; The tissue distribution of micro-gear was that, the surface of the gear is almost entirely α-phase, while the internal part of the gear was the mixture of α-phase and β-phase, because the α-phase with lower hardness flowing outward to the surface of the gear during the extrusion process.

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10

Bunget, Cristina, and Gracious Ngaile. "Influence of ultrasonic vibration on micro-extrusion." Ultrasonics 51, no. 5 (July 2011): 606–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ultras.2011.01.001.

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11

Olejnik, L., W. Presz, and A. Rosochowski. "Backward extrusion using micro-blanked aluminium sheet." International Journal of Material Forming 2, S1 (August 2009): 617–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0533-6.

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12

Rosochowski, Andrzej, Wojciech Presz, Lech Olejnik, and Maria Richert. "Micro-extrusion of ultra-fine grained aluminium." International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology 33, no. 1-2 (February 16, 2007): 137–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00170-007-0955-6.

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13

Hirota, K. "Fabrication of micro-billet by sheet extrusion." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 191, no. 1-3 (August 2007): 283–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2007.03.024.

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14

Asghari Ganji, Amirreza, Mohammad Bakhshi-Jooybari, and Hamid Gorji. "Forming of micro gears by compressing a pure copper sheet through its thickness." MATEC Web of Conferences 190 (2018): 10004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201819010004.

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Currently, micro gears are mostly fabricated by LIGA technology and micromachining. These processes have some limitations. Forming processes not only satisfy mass production and appropriate productivity rate but also present superior mechanical properties. A major problem preventing the bulk micro metal forming is the preparation of micro billets and their precise transfer between the forming stages. The purpose of this study is developing a method to form a micro gear without the need to a separate micro billet preparation. In this paper, pure copper sheets were compressed into the predetermined micro gear profiles though their thicknesses, so that there is no need for preparation of micro billets and also its troublesome transforming. The tests were performed at room temperature, in two cases of single extrusion process and extrusion-forging process. Micro gears with 6 teeth and 250μm in module were formed completely with good repeatability in both the cases. A major advantage of the proposed study compared with the blanking process is that, in blanking, the process is merely cutting the edges, while here the material fills the die by deformation. Thus, better mechanical properties will be achieved. Measuring the micro-hardness of the formed parts in comparison with raw material, verified this point. In general, the micro-hardnesses of combined extrusion-forging parts were higher than those of single extrusion ones in the same positions on the micro gears surface.

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15

Xu, Linhong, Yulan Lei, Haiou Zhang, Zhaochen Zhang, Yuchu Sheng, and Guangchao Han. "Research on the Micro-Extrusion Process of Copper T2 with Different Ultrasonic Vibration Modes." Metals 9, no. 11 (November 10, 2019): 1209. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/met9111209.

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As an effective method for the fabrication of miniature metallic parts, the development of micro-forming process (MFP) is still restricted by the existence of size effect. To improve the micro-forming performance of metal material, ultrasonic vibration assisted MFP had been studied extensively for its superiorities in improving materials flow stress and reducing interfacial friction. However, from the literature available, the high frequency vibration was usually found to be superimposed on the forming tool while seldom on the workpiece. Our group developed a special porous sonotrode platform which can realize tool vibration and workpiece ultrasonic vibration independently. In this work, ultrasonic micro-extrusion experiments for copper T2 material under tool vibration and the workpiece vibration condition, respectively, were conducted for comparing the micro-forming characteristic of different vibration modes. The micro-extrusion experiment results of copper T2 show that the lower extrusion flow stress, the higher micro-extrusion formability and surface micro-hardness, and more obvious grain refinement phenomenon can be obtained under the workpiece vibration condition compared with that of tool vibration. These findings may enhance our understanding on different ultrasonic forming mechanisms and energy transmission efficiency under two different vibration modes.

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16

Sahmel, Olga, Stefan Siewert, Klaus-Peter Schmitz, Daniela Arbeiter, Niels Grabow, Christine Friederike Kreiner, and Rudolf Guthoff. "Extrusion as a manufacturing process for polymer micro-tubes for various bio-medical applications." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 5, no. 1 (September 1, 2019): 489–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2019-0123.

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AbstractIn various biomedical applications extrusion represents a common manufacturing process for polymeric semi-finished products. Extrusion allows the processing of a wide range of biomaterials, as well as different cross-sectional geometries. The present work focuses on the development of an extrusion process for polymer micro-tubes used for medical devices manufacturing, e.g. microstents for minimally invasive glaucoma therapy. Semi-finished products were manufactured by means of extrusion and dip-coating. Morphology was investigated using biaxial laser measurement and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). For the analysis of mechanical and thermal properties of the specimens uniaxial tensile testing and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) were performed. While dip-coated micro-tubes reveal a smooth and homogeneous surface, SEM micrographs of extruded micro-tubes exhibit some longitudinal grooves. Mechanical properties of extruded and dip-coated micro-tubes are comparable, so that the presented extrusion process can be regarded suitable for the manufacturing of polymer microtubes in a sub-millimeter scale. A future improvement of nozzle design will allow for a smooth surface of extruded semi-finished products.

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17

Tang, Ding, Qing Qing Zhang, Da Yong Li, and Ying Hong Peng. "Numerical and Experimental Study on Seam Welding Behavior in Extrusion of Micro-Channel Tube." Key Engineering Materials 491 (September 2011): 189–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.491.189.

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Micro-channel tube with submillimeter-diameter channels is a kind of newly developed heat transfer tube based on theory of micro-scale heat transfer. As the micro-channel tube has multiple welding points and work under high pressure condition, welding strength is one of the key problems for the extrusion process. This paper presented a new method in evaluation of the seam welding strength formed in the extrusion process. Firstly, FE simulation is carried out for the status of the billet in the welding chamber during the extrusion process. Then, thermo mechanical experiment is done for the relationship between the welding strength and three key factors. Combining the relationship with the numerical results, welding strength of the micro-channel tube can be evaluated. Pressure bearing test shows that the evolution method is reliable. The study is helpful for the optimization the extrusion process and improvement of the seam weld quality.

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18

Sucharitpwatskul, Sedthawatt, Numpon Mahayotsanun, Sasawat Mahabunphachai, Tatsuya Funazuka, Norio Takatsuji, and Kuniaki Dohda. "Effects of Friction Models, Geometry and Position of Tool on Curving Tendency of Micro-Extrusion 6063 Aluminum Alloy Pins." Key Engineering Materials 739 (June 2017): 135–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.739.135.

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Micro-extrusion process is one of the micro-forming technology for fabrication of micro-parts such as micro-gear shaft for microelectromechanical system (MEMS) and micro pins for electronic parts. This paper presents the friction models effects and geometry effects on curving tendency of micro-extrusion 6063 aluminum alloy pins. Three friction models were considered: (1) Coulomb friction, (2) plastic shear friction, and (3) combined (Coulomb & plastic shear) friction. The finite element simulation was carried out and the results showed that the combined friction model accurately predicted the micro-extrusion results. Then, four tool geometry and position effects were investigated: (1) punch shift length, (2) die angle, (3) die shift length, and (4) bearing length. The finite element simulation was carried out to determine these tool geometry and position effects on the curving tendency of micro-extruded pins. The results showed that punch shift length and die angle did not affect the curving tendency. However, die shift length caused the micro-extruded pins to curve. The increase in bearing length helped straighten the micro-extruded pins.

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19

Chang, Chao Cheng, and Teng Chiao Wang. "Effects of Grain Size on Micro Backward Extrusion of Copper." Advanced Materials Research 83-86 (December 2009): 1092–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.83-86.1092.

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This study investigates the effects of grain size on the micro backward extrusion of copper cups. An equal channel angular extrusion (ECAE) technique was applied to refine the grain size in copper. Commercial available copper was annealed, deformed by six-pass ECAE at room temperature and then heat treated to obtain a microstructure with a grain size of about 4μm. Microstructure was examined and mechanical properties including hardness and stress-strain relationship were also investigated. The processed copper was then used in a micro backward extrusion of cups with the diameter of 3 mm and the wall thickness of 0.1 mm. The extruded cups were compared with those resulting from the coppers with larger grain size prepared by different heat treated processes. This study shows that the quality of the micro extruded cup increases as the grain size decreases. By using the refine-grained coppers for the micro backward extrusion, the cups with even rim height and uniform wall thickness can be easily produced.

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20

Milanez, Alexandre, Lírio Schaeffer, Anderson Daleffe, and Mateus Milanez. "Manufacturing Dies for Micro and Meso Direct Extrusion Processes." Journal for Manufacturing Science & Production 13, no. 3 (October 25, 2013): 177–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/jmsp-2013-0009.

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AbstractThis work describes the development and manufacture of micro and meso extrusion dies used to extrude metal materials. The die design was based on different extrusion angles and diameters of input materials. An extrusion die was made to input material measuring 1 mm and for reduction to 0.8 mm with a 30° angle of extrusion. For the same diameter of material, another two dies were manufactured with extrusion angles of 45° and 60°. For meso sized extrusion, another three dies were made and the diameter of the input material was 4 mm with a reduction to 3 mm and extrusion angles of 30°, 45° and 60°. During the machining of the extrusion dies, high speed steel (HSS) drills were used with a tip angle according to the extrusion angles. After machining, the dies were treated thermally and polished to diminish the friction coefficient between the part to be extruded and the die. The results of the machining process indicate that extrusion dies can be manufactured using quick HSS drill and polishing can be done using diamond paste with satisfactory results.

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21

Zhou, Xu Dong, and Xiang Ru Liu. "Experimental Study of Hot Extrusion Micro Gear of Brass H62." Advanced Materials Research 189-193 (February 2011): 2903–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.189-193.2903.

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A new micro-forming method, combining a metal’s super-plastic behavior with hot extrudsion technology, has been developed for manufacturing micro-gear from brass H62. The micro-gear, which modulus m = 0.125mm, pressure angle α = 20°, number of teeth z = 6, tip diameter d = 1mm, was selected and its dies were designed with a better die approach angle based on the DEFORM-3D FEA simulation results of the hot extrusion process. Finally the micro-gear was successfully hot extruded at 650°C from blank Φ3mm×3mm with extrusion ratio about 17. A good dimensional accuracy for micro-gear was obtained by using this hot extrusion technology. In the special die set, the split die structure was designed, and the special die materials were chosen, such as the pressure ram was made of tungsten carbide, and the other dies were made of mold materials 4Cr5MoSiV1.

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22

Takatsuji, Norio, Kuniaki Dohda, and Tatsuya Funazuka. "Influence of Tribological Condition on Construction of Minute Parts in Micro-Meso Extrusion of A6063 Alloy." Advanced Materials Research 966-967 (June 2014): 336–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.966-967.336.

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The recent trend towards miniaturization of products and technology has boosted a strong demand for such metallic micro-parts with micro features and high tolerances. Conventional forming technologies, such as extrusion and drawing, have encountered new challenges at the micro-scale level due to the ‘size effects’ that tends to be predominant at this scale level. Friction is one of the predominant factors exercising strong effects in micro-forming. Previous studies varied grain size of the test pieces in order to examine size effects in micro-extrusion. In addition, the effects on the extrusion load, forming shape, as well as hardness of different grain sizes, die coatings and lubricants were compared. DLC coating has been proven effective as a die coating. Increasing grain size was effective with lubricants having high viscosity. In this study, the effect of different die angles and lubricants is compared and examined.

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23

Ren, Zhong, and Xing Yuan Huang. "Effect of Inner Cavity’s Gas Flow Rate on the Extrusion Forming of Plastic Micro-Pipe." Key Engineering Materials 842 (May 2020): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.842.279.

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During the manufacture of plastic micro-pipe, a certain volume of gas should be properly injected into the inner cavity to overcome the collapse and adhesion problems. In this work, the extrusion forming of plastic micro-tube under the role of inner cavity’s gas were numerically studied. At the same time, the effect of inner cavity’s gas flow rate on the extrusion deformation of plastic micro-pipe was also numerically investigated by using the finite element method. A kind of 2D two-phase fluid geometric model and finite element mesh were established and some reasonable boundary conditions and material parameters were imposed. Under a fixed volume flow rate of melt, different flow rates of inner cavity gas were imposed on the inlet of inner cavity’s gas. The extrusion deformation profile and deformation ratio of plastic micro-pipe under different flow rates of gas were all obtained. To ascertain the mechanisms of effect of inner cavity’s gas flow rate on the extrusion deformation of plastic micro-tube, the flow velocities, pressure, shear rate, normal stress, and the first normal stress difference of melt all obtained and analyzed. Numerical results show that with the increase of inner cavity’s gas flow rate, the radial velocity, axial velocity, pressure, shear rate, normal stress, and the first normal stress difference of melt all increase, which makes the extrusion deformation become more and more serious. In practice, reasonable controlling of the inner cavity’s gas flow rate is very important. In the other hand, it can adjust the size of extruded plastic micro-pipe.

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24

Hemra, Khanthima, Duangduen Atong, and Pavadee Aungkavattana. "A-1 Preparation of Micro-porous Alumina Support by Extrusion(Session: Ceramics I)." Proceedings of the Asian Symposium on Materials and Processing 2006 (2006): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeasmp.2006.1.

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25

Luo, Cheng, Xingyuan Huang, Tongke Liu, and Hesheng Liu. "Research on Inner Gas Inflation Improvements in Double-layer Gas-assisted Extrusion of Micro-tubes." Polymers 12, no. 4 (April 13, 2020): 899. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12040899.

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Micro-tubes have small diameters and thin wall thicknesses. When using double-layer gas-assisted extrusion (DGAE) technology to process micro-tubes, due to the influence of flow resistance, airflow from the inner gas-assisted layer cannot flow into the atmosphere through the lumen. Over time, it will inflate or even fracture the micro-tubes intermittently and periodically. To solve this problem, a new double-layer micro-tube gas-assisted extrusion die was designed in this study. Its mandrel has an independent airway leading to the lumen of the extrudate, with which the gas flow into the lumen of the extrudate can be regulated by employing forced exhaust. Using the new die, we carried out extrusion experiments and numerical calculations. The results show a significant positive correlation between micro-tube deformation and gas flow rate in the lumen of a micro-tube. Without considering the refrigerant distortion of the microtube, the flow rate of forced exhaust should be set equal to that of the gas from the inner gas-assisted layer flow into the micro-tube lumen. By doing this, the problem of the micro-tube being inflated can be eliminated without causing other problems.

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26

Zhou, Jing, Guo Lin Duan, Dong Bin Zhu, and Jin Cai. "The Application of Micro-Flow Extrusion Forming Technology in the Denture Preparation." Key Engineering Materials 645-646 (May 2015): 1351–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.645-646.1351.

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The forming process of denture preparation based micro-flow extrusion was researched. The dental ceramic materials having health care function was preparation. Through analysis and calculation, the rheological properties of the ceramic slurry confirmed to be pseudo-plastic fluid . The extrusion head as a key part was designed. The pressure distribution and velocity distribution of the internal flow field of extrusion head were simulated by using START-CD software ,the analysis result can used to guide the optimal design of extrusion head.

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27

Singh, Manpreet, and Anant Kumar Singh. "Magnetorheological finishing of micro-punches for enhanced performance of micro-extrusion process." Materials and Manufacturing Processes 34, no. 14 (October 26, 2019): 1646–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426914.2019.1689262.

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28

Wu, X., J. J. Li, Z. Z. Zheng, L. Liu, and Y. Li. "Micro-back-extrusion of a bulk metallic glass." Scripta Materialia 63, no. 5 (September 2010): 469–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scriptamat.2010.05.004.

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29

Cho, Hoon, Duck-Young Hwang, Byoung-Soo Lee, and Hyung-Ho Jo. "Fabrication of micro condenser tube through direct extrusion." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 187-188 (June 2007): 645–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmatprotec.2006.11.156.

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30

Chen, Cong Ping, Xiao Yun Wang, and Jie Guang Huang. "Study of the Wall Slip Effect on Viscous Fluid Micro-Extrusion Process." Applied Mechanics and Materials 799-800 (October 2015): 774–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.799-800.774.

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In micro-scale flow condition, the flow rate and fluid extrusion expansibility are always affected by the wall slip between the fluid and tube wall. In this research, a wall slip model based on a micro-tube flow was developed, and then the wall slip effect on the viscous fluid micro-extrusion process was explored by computational fluid dynamics (CFD) with different extruding pressures. The results showed that wall slip make the fluid resistance and expansibility decrease, and the fluid mass flow rate increase.

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31

Wang, Huakai, Pan Yang, Longxian Li, Nan Zhang, and Yongxi Ma. "Effects of Sources or Formulations of Vitamin K3 on Its Stability during Extrusion or Pelleting in Swine Feed." Animals 11, no. 3 (February 27, 2021): 633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani11030633.

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Two studies were conducted to determine the stability of vitamin K3 (VK3) in swine diets during extrusion or pelleting. The two sources were menadione sodium bisulfite (MSB) and menadione nicotinamide bisulfite (MNB), and the three formulations were crystal micro-capsule formulation and micro-sphere formulation. The recovery of six types of VK3 in swine diets was investigated after extrusion at 100 °C or 135 °C in Experiment 1. The recovery of six types of VK3 was investigated when the diets were pelleted at 60 °C (low temperature; LT) or 80 °C (high temperature; HT) and the length to diameter ratios were 5.2:1 (low length to diameter ratio; LR) or 7.2:1 (high length to diameter ratio; HR) in Experiment 2. In Experiment 1, MNB recovery (72.74%) was higher than MSB recovery (64.67%) after extrusion, while recovery of VK3 of crystal (74.16%) was higher than the recovery of micro-capsule (65.25%) and micro-sphere (66.72%). The recovery of VK3 (70.88%) was higher when extruded at 100 °C than that at 135 °C (66.54%). In Experiment 2, MNB recovery (86.21%) was higher than MSB recovery (75.49%) after pelleting, while the recovery of VK3 of micro-capsule (85.06%) was higher than the recovery of crystal (81.40%) and micro-sphere (76.09%). The recovery of VK3 (75.50%) was lower after HTHR pelleting than LTLR (83.62%), LTHR (81.52%) or HTLR (82.76%) treatment. Our results show that MNB has greater stability than MSB. VK3 of crystal or VK3 of micro-capsule were recommended for extrusion or pelleting, respectively.

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Wang, Yun, Zhen Ying Xu, Pei Long Dong, Guo Ding Yuan, and Lan Cai. "Investigation into the Warm Extrusion for Micropart with Laser-Aided Heating Method." Materials Science Forum 575-578 (April 2008): 462–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.575-578.462.

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The rapid market need of MEMS (Micro Electromechanical System) and metal microparts are increasing gradually. The plastic microforming has received more interests and applications in MEMS because it ensures high precision and manufacturing efficiency. However, it raises the higher demand on the microforming and plastic processing technology. Here we present one new process to micro-extrude microparts with laser-aided heating method. The new process is to selectively heat the workpiece with the laser radiation method to the suitable temperature that is between room temperature and recrystallization temperature, and to extrude the workpiece. This process is characterized by decreasing the influence of strain strengthening and lowering the resistance to deformation, and increasing the uniformity of material flow. The key elements of the approach concerning the warm micro-extrusion and temperature control, such as process parameters, laser heating system, micro-extrusion die structure, have been advanced. Furthermore, an important aspect of the research is that the developed system and theory of micro warm extrusion based on laser heating can be explored for further investigation and understanding of plastic microforming.

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33

Watanabe, Ikumu. "Two-Scale Finite Element Analysis of Equaled Channeling Angular Extrusion of Polycrystalline Metal." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 2713–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.2713.

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A two-scale finite element analysis method based on a micro-macro decoupled scheme is applied to an equaled channeling angular extrusion. At first, the macro-scale finite element analysis for one process of an equaled channeling angular extrusion is carried out with a non-liner explicit method to handle the contact and friction between die and bullet. Using the deformation history at a macroscopic material point in this process, the micro-scale finite element analysis is conducted for the multiple processes with a single crystal plasticity and a nonlinear implicit method. As the results, the deformation process of the polycrystalline aggregate during the equaled channeling angular extrusion is numerically reproduced.

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Geng, Xuesong, Guanxin Chi, Yukui Wang, and Zhenlong Wang. "High-efficiency approach for fabricating MTE rotor by micro-EDM and micro-extrusion." Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 27, no. 4 (July 2014): 830–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/cjme.2014.0527.101.

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35

Nanthakumar, S., D. Rajenthirakumar, and S. Avinashkumar. "Influence of temperature on deformation behavior of copper during microextrusion process." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 234, no. 9 (January 8, 2020): 1797–808. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954406219899114.

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Micro scale deformational behavior of metals is improved upon increasing the room temperature. Further, the drawbacks of micro forming caused by size effects are reduced significantly. In the current work, investigation on the material behavior of copper at elevated temperature ranging from room temperature to 200 ℃ is conducted. On the experimental part, a novel micro extrusion die set assembly has been developed along with temperature assistance, where the specimen is heated within the die assembly to study deformation behavior. When the forming temperature is raised, an enlargement of the forming limits is achieved along with a significant reduction in extrusion force. Further, the flow of material inside the die orifice was more uniform, and the micro pin showed a good replication of the die dimensions with homogeneous material deformation. During the increase of extrusion temperature and lubrication conditions (diamond-like carbon coating), the micro pin is more complete with higher dimensional accuracy and surface finish. The investigation on the influence of temperature showed that there is a reduction in microhardness of samples compared to the hardness of samples extruded at room temperature. However, there is a significant reduction of scattering due to homogenizing effect.

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36

Lee, Sang Mok, Hoon Jae Park, Seung Soo Kim, Tae Hoon Choi, E. Z. Kim, and Geun An Lee. "The Potentiality of Micro-Scaled Multi-Filament Wire Forming Using Repetitive Hydrostatic Extrusion Process." Advanced Materials Research 26-28 (October 2007): 77–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.26-28.77.

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Multi-filament fabrication process using repetitive hydrostatic extrusion of Cu/Al at high temperature was conducted to obtain micro-scaled Aluminum wires. In the process an aluminum rod claded with a copper tube was extruded repetitively three times where a number of the single extruded rods were bundled together and subjected to hydrostatic extrusion to obtain multi-filament wire bundle. Aafter final bundle extrusion the diameter of the aluminum rod was effectively reduced from 33.6 mm to 30μm.

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Chang, Chao Cheng, Dinh Hiep Nguyen, and Hsin Sheng Hsiao. "A Study on Warm Micro Backward Extrusion of SUS 304 Stainless Steel." Key Engineering Materials 486 (July 2011): 139–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.486.139.

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A metal forming system comprising an electrical heater, capable of conducting processes at elevated temperatures, was developed to perform micro backward extrusion processes of SUS 304 stainless steel. Two punches with diameters of 1.6 mm and 1.8 mm were used to extrude the billets inside the die with an inner diameter of 2 mm. All processes were lubricated with water-based graphite and conducted under isothermal conditions at 400 °C. The results show that the developed extrusion system can be used to produce the stainless steel components with a micro cup-shaped profile. Moreover, the variation in the rim height of the cups produced by the 1.8 mm diameter punch is greater than the one by the 1.6 mm diameter punch. The results show that a decrease in the clearance between the punch and die could lead to an increase in the inhomogeneity of material flow in the micro backward extrusion processes.

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38

Zhang, Xin Ping, and Sylvie Castagne. "FEM Investigation of Particle Behavior in Particulate Reinforced Metal-Matrix Composites during Micro-Extrusion." Key Engineering Materials 447-448 (September 2010): 417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.447-448.417.

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This paper is concerned with the deformation and the redistribution process of particles in SnO2/Ag particulate reinforced metal-matrix composites during micro-extrusion. The effects of the extrusion angle, the extrusion ratio and the ram speed on the deformation and redistribution of particles during the forming process were studied by finite element methods using Deform software. The deformation behavior and redistribution pattern are explained based on the non-uniform flow of the billet and the non-uniform stress distribution.

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FUNAZUKA, Tatsuya, Norio TAKATSUJI, Kuniaki DOHDA, and Tatsuhiko AIZAWA. "Effect of Grain Size on Formability in Micro-extrusion." Journal of the Japan Society for Technology of Plasticity 59, no. 684 (2018): 8–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.9773/sosei.59.8.

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40

Kern, F., and R. Gadow. "Extrusion and injection molding of ceramic micro and nanocomposites." International Journal of Material Forming 2, S1 (August 2009): 609–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-009-0487-8.

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Rosochowska, M., A. Rosochowski, and L. Olejnik. "FE simulation of micro-extrusion of a conical pin." International Journal of Material Forming 3, S1 (April 2010): 423–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12289-010-0797-x.

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42

Bruneaux, Julien, Daniel Therriault, and Marie-Claude Heuzey. "Micro-extrusion of organic inks for direct-write assembly." Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering 18, no. 11 (October 7, 2008): 115020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0960-1317/18/11/115020.

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YANG, Xudong, Toshihisa KURODA, Yukinori NAKAMURA, Yoshimasa KONDO, and Naoto OHTAKE. "321 Preparation of DLC Films on Micro-extrusion Dies." Proceedings of the Materials and processing conference 2001.9 (2001): 135–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemp.2001.9.135.

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Li, Ling, Shaik Mohamed Imran Ayub, and Leon L. Shaw. "Formulation and micro-extrusion of high concentration graphene slurries." Ceramics International 42, no. 7 (May 2016): 9086–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ceramint.2016.02.172.

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45

Wang, Xiaogang, Jianlong Liu, Xicheng Zhao, Xiaoyan Liu, Haibo Xie, and Zhengyi Jiang. "Micro extrusion of ultrafine grained titanium prepared by ECAP." Journal of Wuhan University of Technology-Mater. Sci. Ed. 32, no. 2 (April 2017): 437–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11595-017-1616-8.

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46

Li, Xibing, Zhe Yu, Xizhao Li, Weixiang Li, and Tengyue Zou. "Plough-extrusion Forming for Making Micro-groove Heat Pipes on Hydrostatic Thrust Bearings of Heavy Machinery." Strojniški vestnik – Journal of Mechanical Engineering 66, no. 12 (December 15, 2020): 724–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5545/sv-jme.2020.6910.

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The present paper focuses on the manufacturing of micro-groove heat pipes on hydrostatic thrust bearings of heavy machinery. Special multitooth tools were designed for plough-extrusion forming heat pipes on flat copper. Experimental results were conducted to determine whether the plough-extrusion forming could achieve better performance than traditional wire electrical discharge. Furthermore, the processing using multi-tooth tool with 10 mm length, 55 tooth number, 0.25 mm tooth depth and 0.22 tooth top width was found to achieve the best performance among the six optional tools. The 50 mm/min forming speed was determined to acquire the best surface quality of the microgroove structure. Through heat transfer testing, the theoretical model for a micro-groove heat pipe made by plough-extrusion forming was also verified.

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47

Li, Pan, Zhang Jian, and Xu Ma. "Numerical Simulation on the Microstructure during Extrusion Process of P91 Large Diameter Thick-Walled Tube." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 1959–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.1959.

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The subject of study is the vertical extrusion of P91 large diameter thick-walled seamless steel tube, simulate the variation of microstructure during the abbreviated ratio test. Compare the simulation results and the results of Steel pipe specimens metallographic which were in different extrusion ratio, research the influence of extrusion ratio on microstructure and properties from micro-organizational level, and verify the accuracy of the microstructure evolution of the mathematical model.

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48

Canta, Traian, Dan Frunză, Eniko Szilagyi, and Magdalena Lungu. "A New Low Friction Die Design for Equal Channel Angular Extrusion." Key Engineering Materials 367 (February 2008): 215–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.367.215.

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The paper presents the experimental results on an aluminum alloy and a silver alloy processed by equal channel angular extrusion in order to refine the grains. Two type of extrusion dies have been used for experimental works: one with fixed walls and the other one with movable walls in order to reduce the friction during extrusion process. The new concept of the die consists in simultaneously pressing of two samples in one entering channel with two opposite exit channels. The channel geometry, friction contact, strain rate, extrusion load and micro structure aspects are presented.

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Zhu, Dong Bin, and An Ping Xu. "Dual-Phase Materials Extrusion Process for Rapid Fabrication of Ceramic Dental Crown." Advanced Materials Research 97-101 (March 2010): 4050–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.97-101.4050.

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A novel ceramic forming process, dual-phase materials extrusion process based on solid freeform fabrication (also known as rapid prototyping), has been developed. It is a kind of selective slurry extrusion (SSE) technique previously proposed in our group. The dual-phase materials extrusion machine was constructed with micro-extrusion system and 3-axial positioning system. To demonstrate the usability of this machine, a functionalized dental crown was directly fabricated with support material and dental material from 3D model (STL format) of a human tooth. The fabrication time is usually in 20-50 min.

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Rout, Akshaya Kumar, Kali Pada Maity, and Sushant Kumar Rath. "A Numerical Investigation of Extrusion through Bezier Shaped Curved Die Profile." Key Engineering Materials 443 (June 2010): 93–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.443.93.

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The die profile plays an important role in reduction of extrusion load, evolution of uniform micro-structure and overall improvement of surface integrity of extruded product. In the present investigation, a numerical analysis has been carried out for extrusion through cosine die profile using DEFORM software for plane strain deformation using rigid plastic material. The extrusion load has been predicted. The effective stress, strain, strain rate and velocity distribution have been determined. It is proposed to investigate the evolution of uniform microstructure and the effect of strain hardening in the extrusion process in future work.

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