To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Micro-moths.
Journal articles on the topic 'Micro-moths'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 46 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Micro-moths.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Jarosław, Bury, Mazur Krzysztof, and Mazepa Jacek. "Uwagi o rozmieszczeniu wybranych gatunków motyli w południowo-wschodniej Polsce. Część I – wachlarzykowate (Lepidoptera: Crambidae)." ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEGO W BYTOMIU, PRZYRODA 28, online004 (2022): 1–17. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6240376.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Notes on the distribution of selected species of micro-moths in south-eastern Poland. Part I – the grass moths (Lepidoptera: Crambidae).</strong> During the field research conducted in last years on the distribution of the grass moths in the Podkarpacie Region 28 mainly rare, migrant or invasive species were found. The most interesting species is <em>Uresiphita gilvata</em> (Fabricius, 1794), which has been observed in Poland only three times in the last two decades and <em>Dolicharthria punctalis</em> ([Denis & Schiffermüller], 1775), the irregular migrant species, very rarely observed in Poland. Additionally, new data (about 200 records) from the period 2018-2021on invasive species <em>Cydalima perspectalis</em> (Walker, 1859) were also provided.
2
Doorenweerd, Camiel, Haren Merel van, Maarten Schermer, Sander Pieterse, and Nieukerken Erik van. "A Linnaeus NGTM interactive key to the Lithocolletinae of North-West Europe aimed at accelerating the accumulation of reliable biodiversity data (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae)." ZooKeys 422 (July 3, 2014): 87–101. https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.422.7446.
Full textAbstract:
We present an interactive key that is available online through any web browser without the need to install any additional software, making it an easily accessible tool for the larger public. The key can be found at http://identify.naturalis.nl/lithocolletinae. The key includes all 86 North-West European Lithocolletinae, a subfamily of smaller moths (“micro-moths”) that is commonly not treated in field guides. The user can input data on several external morphological character systems in addition to distribution, host plant and even characteristics of the larval feeding traces to reach an identification. We expect that this will enable more people to contribute with reliable observation data on this group of moths and alleviate the workload of taxonomic specialists, allowing them to focus on other new keys or taxonomic work.
3
Johns, Chris A., Emmanuel F. A. Toussaint, Jesse W. Breinholt, and Akito Y. Kawahara. "Origin and macroevolution of micro-moths on sunken Hawaiian Islands." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 285, no. 1885 (2018): 20181047. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2018.1047.
Full textAbstract:
The origins and evolution of Hawaiian biodiversity are a matter of controversy, and the mechanisms of lineage diversification for many organisms on this remote archipelago remain unclear. Here we focus on the poorly known endemic leaf-mining moth genus Philodoria (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae), whose species feed on a diversity of Hawaiian plant lineages, many of which are critically endangered. We use anchored hybrid enrichment to assemble the first phylogenomic dataset (507 loci) for any Hawaiian animal taxon. To uncover the timing and pattern of diversification of these moths, we apply two frequently used dating calibration strategies, biogeographic calibrations and secondary calibrations. Island calibrations on their own resulted in much younger and unrealistic dates compared to strategies that relied on secondary calibrations. Philodoria probably originated on the now partially sunken islands of Laysan or Lisianski, approximately 21 Ma, and were associated with host plants in the families Ebenaceae, Malvaceae or Primulaceae. Major feeding groups associated with specific host-plant families originated soon after the plants colonized the islands. Allopatric isolation and host shifts, in concert and independently, probably play major roles in the diversification of Philodoria . Our dating results indicate that Philodoria is among the oldest known Hawaiian arthropod lineages, and that island calibrations alone can lead to unrealistically young dates.
4
KRISTENSEN, NIELS P., MALCOLM J. SCOBLE, and OLE KARSHOLT. "Lepidoptera phylogeny and systematics: the state of inventorying moth and butterfly diversity." Zootaxa 1668, no. 1 (2007): 699–747. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.1668.1.30.
Full textAbstract:
The currently recognized robust support for the monophyly of the Lepidoptera (and the superorder Amphiesmenoptera comprising Lepidoptera + Trichoptera) is outlined, and the phylogeny of the principal lineages within the order is reviewed succinctly. The state of the taxonomic inventory of Lepidoptera is discussed separately for ‘micro-moths’, ‘macro-moths’ and butterflies, three assemblages on which work has followed historically somewhat different paths. While currently there are about 160,000 described species of Lepidoptera, the total number of extant species is estimated to be around half a million. On average, just over one thousand new species of Lepidoptera have been described annually in recent years. Allowing for the new synonyms simultaneously established, the net increase in species numbers still exceeds 800/year. Most of the additions are foreseeable in the micro-moth grade, but even for butterflies ca 100 species are added annually. Examples of particularly interesting new high-rank taxa that have been described (or whose significance has become realized) since the middle of the 20th century include the non-glossatan lineages represented by Agathiphaga and Heterobathmia and the heteroneuran families Andesianidae, Palaephatidae, Hedylidae and Micronoctuidae. Some thoughts on how present and future systematic lepidopterology might be prioritised are presented.
5
Barclay, Robert M. R., Mary-Anne Dolan, and Alvin Dyck. "The digestive efficiency of insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (1991): 1853–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1139/z91-256.
Full textAbstract:
To analyze foraging strategies and energy budgets, a knowledge of the digestive efficiency of animals is essential. There are no such data for insectivorous bats feeding on natural prey. We fed moths of various sizes to bats of three species, Myotis lucifugus, M. evotis, and M. volans and calculated digestive efficiencies using a micro-bomb calorimeter to measure the energy content of prey, uneaten remains and feces. Bats typically did not consume the legs or wings of the moths, and occasionally also rejected the heads. Despite this, all three species had mean digestive efficiencies between 75 and 78%, significantly lower than that of individuals fed mealworm larvae in this and previous studies (88–90%). There was a significant positive correlation between moth size and digestive efficiency, with small moths (20 mg) being digested at under 75% efficiency. Since most natural prey are even smaller than that and are typically consumed whole (including legs and wings), and many are likely less digestible than moths, we predict that actual digestive efficiencies realized by bats in the field will be under 70%. Variation in the efficiency of digestion of different prey may have significant implications for prey selection by bats. In addition, our results suggest that to meet energy demands, bats must consume greater quantities of prey than was previously estimated, and likely consume more than their own body weight per night during times of high energy demand, such as lactation.
6
Barclay, Robert M. R., Mary-Anne Dolan, and Alvin Dyck. "The digestive efficiency of insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (1991): 1853–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13465071.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To analyze foraging strategies and energy budgets, a knowledge of the digestive efficiency of animals is essential. There are no such data for insectivorous bats feeding on natural prey. We fed moths of various sizes to bats of three species, Myotis lucifugus, M. evotis, and M. volans and calculated digestive efficiencies using a micro-bomb calorimeter to measure the energy content of prey, uneaten remains and feces. Bats typically did not consume the legs or wings of the moths, and occasionally also rejected the heads. Despite this, all three species had mean digestive efficiencies between 75 and 78%, significantly lower than that of individuals fed mealworm larvae in this and previous studies (88–90%). There was a significant positive correlation between moth size and digestive efficiency, with small moths (20 mg) being digested at under 75% efficiency. Since most natural prey are even smaller than that and are typically consumed whole (including legs and wings), and many are likely less digestible than moths, we predict that actual digestive efficiencies realized by bats in the field will be under 70%. Variation in the efficiency of digestion of different prey may have significant implications for prey selection by bats. In addition, our results suggest that to meet energy demands, bats must consume greater quantities of prey than was previously estimated, and likely consume more than their own body weight per night during times of high energy demand, such as lactation.
7
Barclay, Robert M. R., Mary-Anne Dolan, and Alvin Dyck. "The digestive efficiency of insectivorous bats." Canadian Journal of Zoology 69, no. 7 (1991): 1853–56. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13465071.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) To analyze foraging strategies and energy budgets, a knowledge of the digestive efficiency of animals is essential. There are no such data for insectivorous bats feeding on natural prey. We fed moths of various sizes to bats of three species, Myotis lucifugus, M. evotis, and M. volans and calculated digestive efficiencies using a micro-bomb calorimeter to measure the energy content of prey, uneaten remains and feces. Bats typically did not consume the legs or wings of the moths, and occasionally also rejected the heads. Despite this, all three species had mean digestive efficiencies between 75 and 78%, significantly lower than that of individuals fed mealworm larvae in this and previous studies (88–90%). There was a significant positive correlation between moth size and digestive efficiency, with small moths (20 mg) being digested at under 75% efficiency. Since most natural prey are even smaller than that and are typically consumed whole (including legs and wings), and many are likely less digestible than moths, we predict that actual digestive efficiencies realized by bats in the field will be under 70%. Variation in the efficiency of digestion of different prey may have significant implications for prey selection by bats. In addition, our results suggest that to meet energy demands, bats must consume greater quantities of prey than was previously estimated, and likely consume more than their own body weight per night during times of high energy demand, such as lactation.
8
Zhang, Chengqi, Peter H. Adler, Daria Monaenkova, et al. "Self-assembly of the butterfly proboscis: the role of capillary forces." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 15, no. 144 (2018): 20180229. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2018.0229.
Full textAbstract:
The proboscis of butterflies and moths consists of two C-shaped fibres, the galeae, which are united after the insect emerges from the pupa. We observed that proboscis self-assembly is facilitated by discharge of saliva. In contrast with vertebrate saliva, butterfly saliva is not slimy and is an almost inviscid, water-like fluid. Butterfly saliva, therefore, cannot offer any viscoelastic adhesiveness. We hypothesized that capillary forces are responsible for helping butterflies and moths pull and hold their galeae together while uniting them mechanically. Theoretical analysis supported by X-ray micro-computed tomography on columnar liquid bridges suggests that both concave and convex liquid bridges are able to pull the galeae together. Theoretical and experimental analyses of capillary forces acting on natural and artificial proboscises show that these forces are sufficiently high to hold the galeae together.
9
Adam, Klasiński, and Larysz Adam. "Microlepidoptera zebrane w roku 2020 w okolicach Olsztyna w środkowej części Wyżyny Krakowsko-Wieluńskiej." ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEGO W BYTOMIU, PRZYRODA 27, online001 (2021): 1–12. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4506492.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>Microlepidoptera collected in 2020 in Olsztyn vicinity in the central part of the Kraków-Wieluń Upland</strong>. Recent field research yielded 158 species of micro-moths from 31 families. Two of them were for the first time recorded in Poland: <em>Trifurcula subnitidella</em> (Haw.), <em>Aethes bilbaensis</em> (Rössler), the other 10 species are new to the Kraków-Wieluń Upland and Province of Silesia: <em>Depressaria artemisiae</em> Nickerl, <em>Mompha miscela </em>(Den. et Schiff.), <em>Coleophora ditella</em> Zell., <em>Coleophora silenella</em> H.-S., <em>Coleophora vulnerariae</em> Zell ., <em>Bryotropha desertella</em> (Dougl.), <em>Scrobipalpula psilella</em> (H.-S.), <em>Stomopteryx remissella</em> (Zell .), <em>Cochylis atricapitana</em> (Steph.) and <em>Phiaris schulziana</em> (F.).
10
Jarosław, Buszko, and Ceynowa-Giełdon Mirosława. "Występowanie Dichrorampha heegerana (Duponchel, 1843) i Carposina berberidella Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 w okolicach Torunia (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae, Tortricidae)." Acta entomologica silesiana 29, online033 (2021): 1–5. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5806112.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>The occurrence of <em>Dichrprampha heegerana</em> (Duponchel, 1843) and <em>Carposina berberidella</em> Herrich-Schäffer, 1854 (Lepidoptera) in the vicinity of Toruń (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae, Tortricidae).</strong> New records for two rare species of micro-moths are provided. <em>Dichrorampha heegerana</em> is known from only one locality in Poland. <em>Carposina berberidella</em> apart from the Pieniny Mountains it was also found in Toruń.
11
Moraes, Simeão S., Max S. Söderholm, Tamara M. C. Aguiar, André V. L. Freitas, and Pasi Sihvonen. "Micro-CT imaging in species description: exploring beyond sclerotized structures in lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Arctiinae, Lithosiini)." PeerJ 11 (July 14, 2023): e15505. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.15505.
Full textAbstract:
X-ray micro-computed tomography imaging (micro-CT) is valuable for systematic research since it permits the non-destructive scanning and imaging of internal structures of very rare species and/or type specimens. Additionally, micro-CT allows to view the morphology and the functional anatomy of structures in their natural anatomical position, without deformations that typically occur using classical dissection protocols. In this study we provide the description of two new species of lichen moths (Lepidoptera: Erebidae, Lithosiini) from the Atlantic Forest in eastern Brazil: Nodozana heliae Moraes sp. nov. from Rio de Janeiro state and Epeiromulona pataxo Moraes & Aguiar sp. nov. from Bahia state. The male and female genitalia as well as the wing morphology were examined by means of non-destructive micro-CT, subsequent 3D model reconstruction, 360 degree spinning animations, 2D images from different angles, and those were compared against classical genitalia dissections from the same specimens. We conclude that techniques complement each other, micro-CT being particularly useful to study wing venation, sclerotized internal structures and muscles, while classical dissection is useful to study membranous structures, particularly in the female genitalia, abdominal skin and specialised scales on the male 8th sternite.
12
Nuñeza, Keren Jollia M., Olga M. Nuñeza, and Aimee Lynn B. Dupo. "Species Richness of Lepidoptera in Bega Watershed, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur, Philippines." Bulletin of Environment, Pharmacology and Life Sciences 5, no. 8 (2016): 83–90. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8207413.
Full textAbstract:
The Philippines is a megadiverse country as well as a global biodiversity hotspot with high diversity of butterflies. This study aimed to determine the species richness of butterflies and moths (Lepidoptera) in Bega Watershed, Prosperidad, Agusan del Sur, Philippines. A survey using the sweep netting method was conducted on May 8-14, 2014. Three sampling sites were established. Seventeen species of Lepidoptera of which 13 species are butterflies and four species are moths under eight families were documented. Family Nymphalidae was the most dominant in the study area. Among the three sites, Site 1, the riparian area, had the highest abundance (63.77%), species richness (S=13), and species diversity (H’=2.31) of Lepidoptera. The two species, Eurema hecabe and Anthene sp. were present in all the three sites. Results showed that Bega Watershed had moderate to high species diversity with a relatively even distribution which may be attributed to micro-habitats within the study area. However, continuing conversion of forest land for agriculture may affect the species richness and diversity of Lepidoptera.
13
Adam, Larysz, and Zamorski Roman. "Materiały do poznania fauny motyli (Lepidoptera) Polski." ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEGO W BYTOMIU, PRZYRODA 23, online001 (2017): 1–9. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.839616.
Full textAbstract:
New data on 23 recorded species of macro- and micro-moths from Poland are presented. As a result of the field research and after revision of materials from the Upper Silesian Museum in Bytom new data for a rare species, e.g.: <em>Nemapogon nigralbella</em>, <em>Yponomeuta irrorella</em>, <em>Ethmia dodecea</em>, <em>Blastobasis glandulella</em>, <em>Mompha ochraceella</em>,<em> Acompsia subpunctella</em>, <em>Synanthedon loranthi</em>, <em>Phiaris schulziana</em>, <em>Cydia illutana</em>, <em>Grapholita lobarzewskii</em>, <em>Agdistis adactyla</em>, <em>Stegania cararia</em>, <em>Eublemma purpurina</em> are given.
14
Fazekas, Imre, and Arnold Schreurs. "Microlepidoptera Pannoniae meridionalis, VIII. : Data to knowledge of micro-moths from Dombóvár (SW Hungary) (Lepidoptera)." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 17 (2010): 273–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2010.17.273.
Full textAbstract:
A list of 436 species of micro-moth recorded from the area around Dombóvár-Gunaras (Tolna County, SW Hungary) is presented. Most of the material is from light traps, and several rarities have been found personally by Arnold Schreurs and Imre Fazekas between 1985 and 2009. Faunistic and biological notes on 35 species are given. Structure of genitalia and morphological characteristics of wings are illustrated with figures. Specimens are deposited in the private collections of Arnold Schreurs (NL), Willy Biesenbaum (D) and in the collection of Regiograf Institute (H). One species, Coleophora alnifoliae Barasch, 1934 is new to the fauna of Hungary. 14 species of Microlepidoptera are recorded as new to the fauna of the Transdanubian Hills: Borkhausenia fuscescens (Haworth, 1828) (Oecophoridae), Coleophora pseudorepentis Toll, 1960 (Coleophoridae), C. artemisicolella Bruand, 1855 (Coleophoridae), C. onobrychiella Zeller, 1849 (Coleophoridae), Sorhagenia lophyrella (Douglas, 1846) (Cosmopterigidae), Aristotelia subdecurtella (Stainton, 1858) (Gelechiidae), Caryocolum blandulella (Tutt, 1887) (Gelechiidae), Gynnidomorpha alismana (Ragonot, 1883) (Tortricidae), Apotomis betuletana (Haworth, 1811) (Tortricidae), Eucosma flavispecula Kuznetzov, 1964 (Tortricidae), Pammene regiana regiana (Zeller, 1849) (Tortricidae), P. aurita Razowski, 1992 (Tortricidae), Phycitodes inquinatella exustella (Ragonot, 1888) (Pyralidae) and Catoptria permutatella (Herrich-Schäffer, 1848) (Crambidae).
15
LOPEZ-VAAMONDE, Carlos, Floris C. BREMAN, David C. LEES, Jeroen VAN HOUDT, and Jurate DE PRINS. "Analysis of tissue dependent DNA yield for optimal sampling of micro-moths in large-scale biodiversity surveys." European Journal of Entomology 109, no. 1 (2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.14411/eje.2012.001.
Full text
16
ROBINSON, JEANNE, JEREMY GIBSON, HELBER ADRIÁN ARÉVALO-MALDONADO, JURATE DE PRINS, and JAMES WINDMILL. "A non-destructive virtual dissection by micro-CT reveals diagnostic characters in the type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella (Lepidoptera: Gracillariidae)." Zootaxa 4441, no. 1 (2018): 137. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4441.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Nearly a century ago, wing venation was introduced in gracillariid taxonomy as a means to diagnose closely related genera and species groups. Recent advances in non-destructive virtual micro-dissections suggest promising approaches with which to revisit the relevance of wing venation characters on historic primary type specimens. Many unique type specimens in Gracillariidae and other microlepidoptera groups preserved in museum collections are in poor condition, and over the course of history have suffered loss or damage to their abdomens. Consequently, genitalia morphology is not available for diagnoses and comparisons. In this paper we emphasize the need to include the type species and type specimens into the broader context of taxonomic studies on micro-moths in general and the family Gracillariidae in particular. The genus Caloptilia has a world-wide distribution and has been the subject of research for more than 200 years, yet the generic boundaries and groupings within the genus are still unresolved due to the lack of a reliable set of taxonomic characters obtained from the primary types. We describe a method of virtual descaling of the fore- and hindwings using the unset micro-moth type specimen of Caloptilia stigmatella Fabricius, 1781, in order to demonstrate that the study of historic and fragile type specimens and diagnoses of their internal morphological characters becomes possible by applying new and non-destructive technology.
17
Fazekas, Imre, and Arnold Schreurs. "Microlepidoptera Pannoniae meridionalis, IX. Data to the knowledge of micro-moths from Dombóvár, No. 2 (SW Hungary) (Lepidoptera)." Natura Somogyiensis, no. 22 (2012): 189–203. http://dx.doi.org/10.24394/natsom.2012.22.189.
Full textAbstract:
46 species of Microlepidoptera are recorded as new to the fauna of Dombóvár-Gunaras area (SW Hungary). Specimens are deposited in the private collections of A. Schreurs (NL-Kerkade) and in Regiograf Institute (H-Komló). Bucculatrix humiliella Herrich-Schäffer, [1855] and Epermenia falciformis (Haworth, 1828) is new species in Hungary. Pelochrista modicana (Zeller, 1847), Caloptilia cuculipennella (Hübner, 1796), Prays fraxinella (Bjerkander, 1784), Blastobasis huemeri Sinev, 1993, Ancylis tineana (Hübner, 1799), Cydia exquisitana (Rebel, 1889) and Ancylosis oblitella (Zeller, 1848) new to the fauna of the Transdanubian Hills. Biological data and habitats of the species are presented. Distribution is shown on maps. Structure of genitalia and morphological characteristic of wings are illustrated with color figures and distributed map. With 7 figures.
18
Borg-Karlsona, Anna-Karin, and Raimondas Mozuraitis. "Solid Phase Micro Extraction Technique Used for Collecting Semiochemicals. Identification of Volatiles Released by Individual Signalling Phyllonorycter sylvella Moths." Zeitschrift für Naturforschung C 51, no. 7-8 (1996): 599–602. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/znc-1996-7-820.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The SPME (solid phase micro extraction) technique was used in the collection of volatiles released by calling females of the 4 -6 mm long tentiform leafminer moth Phyllonorycter sylvella (Lepidoptera, Gracillariidae). The volatiles released by the calling P. sylvella females were identified by GC-M S as a mixture of Z10-tetradecenyl acetate (92 %), E10-tetrad ecen yl acetate (2 %) and Z8 -tetradecenyl acetate (6 %). The amount of volatiles released by one calling female during three hours and collected on a polydimethylsiloxane fibre, was as large as the amount extracted from the glands of 20 females. The SPME technique gives the opportunity of continuously following the release of behaviour mediated signals from weak scented living organisms.
19
Stavenga, Doekele G., Hein L. Leertouwer, Andrej Meglič, et al. "Classical lepidopteran wing scale colouration in the giant butterfly-moth Paysandisia archon." PeerJ 6 (April 11, 2018): e4590. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.4590.
Full textAbstract:
The palm borer moth Paysandisia archon (Castniidae; giant butterfly-moths) has brown dorsal forewings and strikingly orange-coloured dorsal hindwings with white spots surrounded by black margins. Here, we have studied the structure and pigments of the wing scales in the various coloured wing areas, applying light and electron microscopy and (micro)spectrophotometry, and we analysed the spatial reflection properties with imaging scatterometry. The scales in the white spots are unpigmented, those in the black and brown wing areas contain various amounts of melanin, and the orange wing scales contain a blue-absorbing ommochrome pigment. In all scale types, the upper lamina acts as a diffuser and the lower lamina as a thin film interference reflector, with thickness of about 200 nm. Scale stacking plays an important role in creating the strong visual signals: the colour of the white eyespots is created by stacks of unpigmented blue scales, while the orange wing colour is strongly intensified by stacking the orange scales.
20
Adam, Larysz, and Maroń Jacek. "Nowe dane na temat motyli (Lepidoptera) rezerwatu "Łężczok"." ROCZNIK MUZEUM GÓRNOŚLĄSKIEGO W BYTOMIU, PRZYRODA 24, online003 (2018): 1–10. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1924961.
Full textAbstract:
New data on the Lepidoptera of the “Łężczok” Nature Reserve (Upper Silesia, S Poland). New data on 26 recorded species of macro- and micro-moths from the water-forest nature reserve “Łężczok” (Upper Silesia, S Poland) are presented. As a result of the field research new data for a rare species: <em>Lampronia rupella</em>, <em>Dialectica imperialella</em>, <em>Argyresthia albistria</em>, <em>Chrysoclysta linneella</em>, <em>Elachista gleichenella</em>, <em>Deuterogonia pudorina</em>, <em>Denisia augustella</em>, <em>Hypatopa segnella</em>, <em>Coleophora ochripennella</em>,<em> Stenolechia gemmella</em>, <em>Teleiodes sequax</em>, <em>Psoricoptera gibbosella</em>, <em>Celypha woodiana</em>, <em>Cydia amplana</em>, <em>Cydia illutana</em>,<em> Cydia inquinatana</em>,<em> Pammene aurita</em>, <em>Pammene regiana</em>, <em>Apomyelois bistriatella</em>, <em>Cydalima perspectalis</em>, <em>Chesias legatella</em>, <em>Lycia pomonaria</em>, <em>Schrankia costaestrigalis</em>, <em>Aedia leucomelas</em>, <em>Atypha pulmonaris</em> and <em>Hydraecia ultima</em> are given.
21
Heidrich, Lea, Roland Brandl, Christian Ammer, et al. "Effects of heterogeneity on the ecological diversity and redundancy of forest fauna." Basic and Applied Ecology 73 (June 12, 2023): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456984.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Heterogeneity in forests might promote biodiversity not only through an increase in niche volume but also through other processes, such as an increase in resources and their spatial distribution. However, negative re lationships between heterogeneity and biodiversity have also been observed, which may indicate that hetero geneity acts as a filter for some species. This study examined the effects of different facets of heterogeneity in forest stands, i.e. deadwood, plant diversity, forest stand structure, and micro-scale topography, on the ecological (functional-phylogenetic) diversity and redundancy of nine animal groups: moths, true bugs, different functional groups of beetles, spiders, birds, and bats. Overall, we found positive effects of heterogeneity on ecological di versity and redundancy. Although the effect of heterogeneity at the local scale was moderate compared with the general effect of region, greater heterogeneity could be beneficial to some species groups and lead to more resilient species communities.
22
Heidrich, Lea, Roland Brandl, Christian Ammer, et al. "Effects of heterogeneity on the ecological diversity and redundancy of forest fauna." Basic and Applied Ecology 73 (June 7, 2023): 72–79. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13456984.
Full textAbstract:
(Uploaded by Plazi for the Bat Literature Project) Heterogeneity in forests might promote biodiversity not only through an increase in niche volume but also through other processes, such as an increase in resources and their spatial distribution. However, negative re lationships between heterogeneity and biodiversity have also been observed, which may indicate that hetero geneity acts as a filter for some species. This study examined the effects of different facets of heterogeneity in forest stands, i.e. deadwood, plant diversity, forest stand structure, and micro-scale topography, on the ecological (functional-phylogenetic) diversity and redundancy of nine animal groups: moths, true bugs, different functional groups of beetles, spiders, birds, and bats. Overall, we found positive effects of heterogeneity on ecological di versity and redundancy. Although the effect of heterogeneity at the local scale was moderate compared with the general effect of region, greater heterogeneity could be beneficial to some species groups and lead to more resilient species communities.
23
Lin, He, Mingzhao Ouyang, Bingxu Chen, et al. "Design and Fabrication of Moth-Eye Subwavelength Structure with a Waist on Silicon for Broadband and Wide-Angle Anti-Reflection Property." Coatings 8, no. 10 (2018): 360. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/coatings8100360.
Full textAbstract:
Reflection loss on the optical component surface is detrimental to performance. Several researchers have discovered that the eyes of moths are covered with micro- and nanostructured films that reduce broadband and wide-angle light reflection. This research proposes a new type of moth-eye subwavelength structure with a waist, which is equivalent to a gradient refractive index film layer with high–low–high hyperbolic-type fill factor distribution. The diffraction order characteristics of a moth-eye subwavelength structure are first analyzed using a rigorous coupled wave analysis. The moth-eye structural parameters are optimized within the spectral range of 2–5 μm using the finite-difference time-domain method. The experimental fabrication of the moth-eye structure with a waist array upon a silicon substrate is demonstrated by using three-beam laser interferometric lithography and an inductively coupled plasma process. The experimental and simulation results show good agreement. The experimental results show that the reflectivity of the moth-eye structure with a waist is less than 1.3% when the incidence angle is less than 30°, and less than 4% when the incidence angle is less than 60°. This research can guide the development of AR broadband optical components and wide-angle applications.
24
Prada, Fausto, Elena E. Stashenko, and Jairo René Martínez. "Volatiles Emission by Crotalaria nitens after Insect Attack." Molecules 26, no. 22 (2021): 6941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26226941.
Full textAbstract:
Plants are known to increase the emission of volatile organic compounds upon the damage of phytophagous insects. However, very little is known about the composition and temporal dynamics of volatiles released by wild plants of the genus Crotalaria (Fabaceae) attacked with the specialist lepidopteran caterpillar Utetheisa ornatrix (Linnaeus) (Erebidae). In this work, the herbivore-induced plant volatiles (HIPV) emitted by Crotalaria nitens Kunth plants were isolated with solid phase micro-extraction and the conventional purge and trap technique, and their identification was carried out by GC/MS. The poly-dimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fiber showed higher affinity for the extraction of apolar compounds (e.g., trans-β-caryophyllene) compared to the Porapak™-Q adsorbent from the purge & trap method that extracted more polar compounds (e.g., trans-nerolidol and indole). The compounds emitted by C. nitens were mainly green leaf volatile substances, terpenoids, aromatics, and aldoximes (isobutyraldoxime and 2-methylbutyraldoxime), whose maximum emission was six hours after the attack. The attack by caterpillars significantly increased the volatile compounds emission in the C. nitens leaves compared to those subjected to mechanical damage. This result indicated that the U. ornatrix caterpillar is responsible for generating a specific response in C. nitens plants. It was demonstrated that HIPVs repelled conspecific moths from attacked plants and favored oviposition in those without damage. The results showed the importance of volatiles in plant–insect interactions, as well as the choice of appropriate extraction and analytical methods for their study.
25
Cote, Braden, Samuel Weston, and Mark Jankauski. "Modeling and Analysis of a Simple Flexible Wing—Thorax System in Flapping-Wing Insects." Biomimetics 7, no. 4 (2022): 207. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biomimetics7040207.
Full textAbstract:
Small-scale flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) are an emerging robotic technology with many applications in areas including infrastructure monitoring and remote sensing. However, challenges such as inefficient energetics and decreased payload capacity preclude the useful implementation of FWMAVs. Insects serve as inspiration to FWMAV design owing to their energy efficiency, maneuverability, and capacity to hover. Still, the biomechanics of insects remain challenging to model, thereby limiting the translational design insights we can gather from their flight. In particular, it is not well-understood how wing flexibility impacts the energy requirements of flapping flight. In this work, we developed a simple model of an insect drive train consisting of a compliant thorax coupled to a flexible wing flapping with single-degree-of-freedom rotation in a fluid environment. We applied this model to quantify the energy required to actuate a flapping wing system with parameters based off a hawkmoth Manduca sexta. Despite its simplifications, the model predicts thorax displacement, wingtip deflection and peak aerodynamic force in proximity to what has been measured experimentally in flying moths. We found a flapping system with flexible wings requires 20% less energy than a flapping system with rigid wings while maintaining similar aerodynamic performance. Passive wing deformation increases the effective angle of rotation of the flexible wing, thereby reducing the maximum rotation angle at the base of the wing. We investigated the sensitivity of these results to parameter deviations and found that the energetic savings conferred by the flexible wing are robust over a wide range of parameters.
26
Palahí i Torres, Aleix, Lars Höök, Karin Näsvall, et al. "The fine-scale recombination rate variation and associations with genomic features in a butterfly." Genome Research 33, no. 5 (2023): 810–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/gr.277414.122.
Full textAbstract:
Recombination is a key molecular mechanism that has profound implications on both micro- and macroevolutionary processes. However, the determinants of recombination rate variation in holocentric organisms are poorly understood, in particular in Lepidoptera (moths and butterflies). The wood white butterfly (Leptidea sinapis) shows considerable intraspecific variation in chromosome numbers and is a suitable system for studying regional recombination rate variation and its potential molecular underpinnings. Here, we developed a large whole-genome resequencing data set from a population of wood whites to obtain high-resolution recombination maps using linkage disequilibrium information. The analyses revealed that larger chromosomes had a bimodal recombination landscape, potentially caused by interference between simultaneous chiasmata. The recombination rate was significantly lower in subtelomeric regions, with exceptions associated with segregating chromosome rearrangements, showing that fissions and fusions can have considerable effects on the recombination landscape. There was no association between the inferred recombination rate and base composition, supporting a limited influence of GC-biased gene conversion in butterflies. We found significant but variable associations between the recombination rate and the density of different classes of transposable elements, most notably a significant enrichment of short interspersed nucleotide elements in genomic regions with higher recombination rate. Finally, the analyses unveiled significant enrichment of genes involved in farnesyltranstransferase activity in recombination coldspots, potentially indicating that expression of transferases can inhibit formation of chiasmata during meiotic division. Our results provide novel information about recombination rate variation in holocentric organisms and have particular implications for forthcoming research in population genetics, molecular/genome evolution, and speciation.
27
Dantes, Elena, Anca Hancu, Madalina Iliescu, et al. "Nursing’s approach and rehabilitation in a severe case of miliary tuberculosis complicated with stroke." ARS Medica Tomitana 22, no. 1 (2016): 56–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsm-2016-0010.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background: Miliary tuberculosis is a haematogenuous dissemination of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (M. tuberculosis) witch involves especially lungs, central nervous system and lymph node. It is a very severe disease with an increased risk of respiratory failure, extensive neurologic sequelas and high mortality. A rapid diagnosis and specific treatment is tremendous important for outcome. Association of strokeis common in tuberculous meningitis (MTB) and could delay the diagnosis and worse the prognosis. Case presentation: We present a case of 24 years old male, who present asthenia and 20 kilo weight lossduring the last 2 years before admission in hospital. He came in hospital, directly in Intensive CareUnit (ICU) for left hemiplegia followed within hours of fever, repeated focal seizures and coma, reaching a Glasgow score of 6 about 48 hours after admission. Patient requiredorotracheal intubation. The Chest radiograph reveal micro-nodular opacities compatible with miliary TB and the cerebrospinal fluid (CFS) examination led to suspicion of TB meningitis. The Tb etiology was bacteriologically confirmed in sputum and cerebrospinal fluid. After 24 hors, theCT and angio-MRI detected the ischemic lesion in the middle cerebral arterial territory. The injectable antituberculous treatment with 4 drugs was immediately initiated. Parenteral cortichosteroids, anticoagulant, symptomatictreatments were associated. The patient received a very complex and prolonged nursing intervention followed by neurologic and pulmonary rehabilitation in ICU and in the Pneumophtisiology Department. The rehabilitation team identifies the all subjective and objective demands and plan the nursing process of care. When patient gains consciousness the neurologic and pulmonary rehabilitation were started. The evolution was slow, but favorable, after 6 moths of treatment the impairment of left hand movement being the only remaining sign of the past disease. Conclusions: Collaboration medical team consisting of a neurologist, pulmonologist, infection disease specialist and physiotherapist increased the success rate, diminish the sequelas and improve the quality of life of the patient.
28
Andrahennadi, Ruwandi, and Ingrid J. Pickering. "Arsenic accumulation, biotransformation and localisation in bertha armyworm moths." Environmental Chemistry 5, no. 6 (2008): 413. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/en08065.
Full textAbstract:
Environmental context. Insects play an important role in the impact of environmental pollutants such as arsenic. They may accumulate arsenic to high levels, potentially modifying its chemical form, which affects the insects’ toxicity to predators such as fish and birds. Here we use synchrotron X-ray techniques to determine the distribution and chemical form of arsenic in larva, pupa and adult of the bertha armyworm moth. Abstract. Insects are important in bioaccumulation and dispersal of environmental contaminants such as arsenic, and biotransformation of arsenic to various chemical forms directly impacts its toxicity to insects and to their predators. In a model study, the toxic effects and biotransformation of arsenic were examined in larvae, pupae and adults of bertha armyworm moth (Mamestra configurata Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). A synthetic diet containing 100 μM arsenate caused reduced larval survival and increased pupal stage duration but no effect on pupal weight or larval stage duration. Synchrotron X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) showed that larvae biotransformed dietary arsenate to yield predominantly trivalent arsenic coordinated with three aliphatic sulfurs, modelled as AsIII-tris-glutathione. Similar species were found in pupae and adults. XAS imaging with micro X-ray fluorescence imaging revealed highly localised arsenic species, and zinc and copper within the gut. The implication of these arsenic species in the diets of predators is discussed.
29
Lukhtanov, Vladimir A. "Two types of highly ordered micro- and macrochromosome arrangement in metaphase plates of butterflies (Lepidoptera)." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. 1 (2019): 19–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/compcytogen.v13i1.32614.
Full textAbstract:
In karyotype of many organisms, chromosomes form two distinct size groups: macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. During cell divisions, the position of the macro- and microchromosomes is often ordered within metaphase plate. In many reptiles, amphibians, birds, insects of the orthopteran family Tettigoniidae and in some plants, a so called “reptilian” type organization is found, with microchromosomes situated in the center of metaphase plate and with macrochromosomes situated at the periphery. An opposite, “lepidopteran” type is known in butterflies and moths (i.e. in the order Lepidoptera) and is characterized by macrochromosomes situated in the center and by microchromosomes situated at the periphery. The anomalous arrangement found in Lepidoptera was previously explained by holocentric organization of their chromosomes. Here I analyse the structure of meiotic metaphase I plates in ithomiine butterfly, Forbestraolivencia (H. Bates, 1862) (Nymphalidae, Danainae, Ithomiini) which has a clear “reptilian” organization, contrary to previous observations in Lepidoptera. In this species large bivalents (i.e. macrochromosomes) form a regular peripheral circle, whereas the minute bivalents (i.e. microchromosomes) occupy the center of this circle. The reasons and possible mechanisms resulting in two drastically different spatial chromosome organization in butterflies are discussed.
30
Lukhtanov, Vladimir A. "Two types of highly ordered micro- and macrochromosome arrangement in metaphase plates of butterflies (Lepidoptera)." Comparative Cytogenetics 13, no. (1) (2019): 19–25. https://doi.org/10.3897/CompCytogen.v13i1.32614.
Full textAbstract:
In karyotype of many organisms, chromosomes form two distinct size groups: macrochromosomes and microchromosomes. During cell divisions, the position of the macro- and microchromosomes is often ordered within metaphase plate. In many reptiles, amphibians, birds, insects of the orthopteran family Tettigoniidae and in some plants, a so called "reptilian" type organization is found, with microchromosomes situated in the center of metaphase plate and with macrochromosomes situated at the periphery. An opposite, "lepidopteran" type is known in butterflies and moths (i.e. in the order Lepidoptera) and is characterized by macrochromosomes situated in the center and by microchromosomes situated at the periphery. The anomalous arrangement found in Lepidoptera was previously explained by holocentric organization of their chromosomes. Here I analyse the structure of meiotic metaphase I plates in ithomiine butterfly, Forbestra olivencia (H. Bates, 1862) (Nymphalidae, Danainae, Ithomiini) which has a clear "reptilian" organization, contrary to previous observations in Lepidoptera. In this species large bivalents (i.e. macrochromosomes) form a regular peripheral circle, whereas the minute bivalents (i.e. microchromosomes) occupy the center of this circle. The reasons and possible mechanisms resulting in two drastically different spatial chromosome organization in butterflies are discussed.
31
Smart, Ben. "The status and distribution of the nationally rare micro-moth Anacampsis temerella (Lienig and Zeller, 1846) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Lancashire in 2021, with observations on other Salix repens L. – feeding Lepidoptera." Entomologist's Gazette 73, no. 2 (2022): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.732.1839.
Full textAbstract:
The history of Anacampsis temerella (Lienig and Zeller, 1846) in Lancashire, as well as nationally and internationally, is discussed. An account is given of a survey undertaken in May and June 2021 to look for larvae of A. temerella amongst Creeping Willow Salix repens L. on the dunes of the Sefton and Fylde coasts in Lancashire. Twenty A. temerella moths were reared from spun leaves of S. repens, as well as nineteen other species of Lepidoptera. The information gained proved the continued existence of the moth in the Sefton coast, and allowed differences to be identified between the larvae of A. temerella and Anacampsis populella (Clerck, 1759). The species was not detected on the Fylde coast during this survey. Recommendations are made regarding habitat management and future surveying to further assess distribution.
32
Smart, Ben. "The status and distribution of the nationally rare micro-moth Anacampsis temerella (Lienig and Zeller, 1846) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) in Lancashire in 2021, with observations on other Salix repens L. – feeding Lepidoptera." Entomologist's Gazette 73, no. 2 (2022): 97–116. http://dx.doi.org/10.31184/g00138894.732.1839.
Full textAbstract:
The history of Anacampsis temerella (Lienig and Zeller, 1846) in Lancashire, as well as nationally and internationally, is discussed. An account is given of a survey undertaken in May and June 2021 to look for larvae of A. temerella amongst Creeping Willow Salix repens L. on the dunes of the Sefton and Fylde coasts in Lancashire. Twenty A. temerella moths were reared from spun leaves of S. repens, as well as nineteen other species of Lepidoptera. The information gained proved the continued existence of the moth in the Sefton coast, and allowed differences to be identified between the larvae of A. temerella and Anacampsis populella (Clerck, 1759). The species was not detected on the Fylde coast during this survey. Recommendations are made regarding habitat management and future surveying to further assess distribution.
33
Nilam, Shendage, and V. Sathe T. "Tachinids as good biocontrol agents of agricultural pests." Biolife 4, no. 1 (2022): 79–83. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7309999.
Full textAbstract:
<strong>ABSTRACT</strong> Tachinids (Diptera: Tachinidae) are good biocontrol agents of agricultural and other crop plants. They are broadly divided into macro egg laying and micro egg laying individuals. Macro egg laying tachinids deposited their eggs directly on the insect pest body while, micro egg laying tachinids laid on the host plants of insect pests. In both cases, after getting the entry into the host body, eggs hatched into maggots and maggots consumed internal tissues of the pest insects by killing them when they came out by breaking the body wall of pest stages like larvae and pupae. Mostly pest larvae have been found attacked by tachinids. The diversity of tachinids and their biocontrol potential is summarized in the paper. <strong>KEY WORDS: </strong>Tachinids, diversity, biocontrol potential. <strong>REFERENCES</strong> Arnaud P. H. Jr. A Host-Parasite Catalog of North American Tachinidae (Diptera). USDA Misc. Publ. 1319. 860 (1978). Al-Dobai, S., Reitz, S. and Sivinski, J. Tachinidae (Diptera) associated with flowering plants: estimating floral attractiveness. <em>Biological Control</em>, <strong>61</strong>: 230–239 (2012). Allen G. R. The biology of the phonotactic parasitoid, <em>Homotrixia</em> sp. (Diptera: Tachinidae), and its impact on the survival of male Sciarasaga quadrata (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae) in the field. <em>Ecol. Entomol.,</em> 20:103–10 (1995). Belshaw R. Tachinid flies. Diptera: Tachinidae. Handbooks for the identification of British Insects. London: <em>R. Entomol. Soc. London,</em> 10, Part 4a(i). 170 (1993). Boettner, G. H., Elkinton, J. S. and Boettner, C. J. Effects of a biological control introduction on three nontarget native species of saturniid moths. <em>Conservation Biology,</em> <strong>14</strong>: 1798–1806 (2000). Crosskey R. W. A taxonomic conspectus of the Tachinidae (Diptera) of the Oriental Region. <em>Bull. Br. Mus. Natl. Hist. Entomol. Suppl., </em>26. 357 (1976). Feener D. H. Jr, Brown B V. Diptera as parasitoids. <em>Ann. Rev. Entomol., </em>42: 73–97 (1997). Felland C. M. Habitat-specific parasitism of the Stalk Borer (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) in Northern Ohio. <em>Environ. Entomol.,</em> 7:162–66 (1990). Fielder, A. and D. Landis, Plant characteristics associated with natural enemy abundance at Michigan native plants. <em>Environmental Entomology,</em> 36, 878–886 (2007). Irwin, M. E., Schlinger, E. I. and Thompson, F.C. Diptera, true flies pp. 692- 702. In: Goodman, S. M. and Benstead, J. P. The Natural History of Madagascar, University of 18 Chicago Press, Chicago & London, 1728 (2003). Mannion, C. M., Carpenter, J. E. and Gross, H. R. Integration of inherited sterility and a parasitoid, <em>Archytas marmoratus </em>(Diptera: Tachinidae), for managing <em>Helicoverpa zea</em> (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae): acceptability and suitability of hosts. <em>Environmental Entomology, </em> <strong>24</strong>: 1679–1684 (1995). Monteith L. G. Host preferences of <em>Drino bohemica</em> Mesn. (Diptera: Tachinidae) with particular reference to olfactory responses. <em>Can. Entomol.,</em> 87: 509–30 (1955). O’ hara, J. E. World Genera of the Tachinidae (Diptera) and their Regional Occurrence Version. 4.0, University of Guelph (2008). Roth J. P, King E G, Hensley S D. Plant, host, and parasite interactions in the host selection sequence of the tachinid <em>Lixophaga diatraeae. Environ. Entomol.,</em> 11:273–77(1982). Sathe, T. V. Biodiversity of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Western Maharashtra. <em>International Journal of Plant Protection, </em><strong>5</strong>: 368–370. 2012. Sathe, T. V. Recent Trends in Biological pest control. Astral Int. Pvt. Ltd, Daya publishing house New Delhi 1-204 (2014). Sathe, T. V., Bhoje, P. M. and Desai, A. S. Floral host plants of tachinid flies (Diptera: Tachinidae) from Kolhapur- 26 The Tachinid Times Issue 28, 2015 Kolhapur and Satara districts, India. <em>Journal of Entomological Research</em>, 38: 183–188 (2014a). Sathe T. V., Anna Gophane and Nilam Shendage Colour attractivity and occurrence of some cell sap sucking pests on crop plants. ISSN (online): 2320-4257 biolife 3(2):540-546 (2015). Sathe, T.V., Jadhav, B.V., Desai, A.S., Shendage, N., Kamble, C. and Jadhav, A.D. Ecology, ethology and control of green stink bug <em>Plautia affinis </em>Dallas (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on mulberry <em>Morus alba </em>L. varieties V-1 and M-5 from Kolhapur. Biolife <strong>2</strong>: 1347–1353(2014). Sathe, T. V., P. M. Bhoje, A. S. Desai and Nilam Shendage. Diversity of Tachinids from agroecosystems of Kolhapur district. <em>Recent Trends in Biological pest control</em>, 19, 132-135 (2014b). Shendage Nilam and T. V. Sathe, Biology of <em>Eucelatoria bryani</em> Sabrosky (Diptera: Tachinidae), a larval parasitoid of <em>Helicoverpa armigera</em> (Hubn.). (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). <em>Recent Trends in Biological pest control</em>, 18, 126-131 (2014a). Shendage, N. and Sathe, T.V. Biology of <em>Actia monticola</em> Mall (Diptera: Tachinidae), an internal larval parasitoid of <em>Tarache notabilis</em> (Walker) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). <em>Global Journal for Research Analysis</em>, 3 (6): 15–16 (2014b). Shima H. Parasitic way of life in tachinid flies. <em>Insectarium, </em>26:4–9; 46–51; 88–94; 120–26 (1989). Sivinski, J., Wahl, D., Holler, T., and S. Al-Dobai. Conserving natural enemies with flowering plants: estimating floral attractiveness to parasitic Hymenoptera and attractions correlates to flower and plant morphology. <em>Biological Control, </em>58, 208–214 (2011). Stireman, John, O. III, O’ hara, J. E. and Wood, D. M. Tachinidae: Evolution, Behavior and Ecology. <em>Ann. Rev. Entomol.,</em> <strong>51: </strong>525-555 (2006).
34
Atwater, Montana M., Jacqueline Y. Miller, Jaret C. Daniels, and James D. Ackerman. "Moth‐pollination through the looking glass: Structure of a flower‐settling moth network reveals functional groups." Ecological Entomology, April 23, 2025. https://doi.org/10.1111/een.13446.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Plant–pollinator mutualisms are key to sustaining ecosystem function and biodiversity. The study of plant–pollinator networks has conventionally focused on diurnal interactions, while flower‐settling moths are among the most diverse yet least understood pollinator groups. Previous network studies provide a valuable lesson on the important role of settling moths in supporting pollination systems. However, little is known regarding the structure of flower‐settling moth networks or the ecological and evolutionary mechanisms that may shape these interactions. Our main objective was to bring to focus the structure of a flower‐settling moth network, using records from a previous pollination study in the Florida Sandhill. We integrated key taxonomic, life history and functional traits of moths as potential drivers of network structure and discussed potential implications for the structure and long‐term stability of plant–pollinator networks in general. Flower‐settling moth networks were robust, diverse and significantly structured (modular), with functionally similar moths linked more often to particular modules (micro, small and macro). Notably, the average proboscis length and wingspan of moths varied significantly among modules (macro vs. micro/small), further suggesting that modules were at least partially determined by the similar function of moths. In addition, we provide the following scale to categorise moths by size guild or potential functional group: (1) micro‐settling (wingspan ≤14.5 mm; proboscis ≤4.39 mm); (2) small‐settling (14.5 < wingspan < 25.0; 4.40 ≤ proboscis ≤ 7.49) and (3) macro‐settling (wingspan ≥25.0 mm, proboscis ≥7.50 mm). Given the immense diversity and abundance of settling moths, it is not surprising that a continuum of functional traits (such as body size and proboscis length) has helped shape pollination niches among settling moths. We conclude that flower‐settling moth assemblages are more functionally diverse than previously understood and offer a glimmer of hope in the darkness for pollinator conservation.
35
Palaoro, Alexandre V., Daria Monaenkova, Charles E. Beard, Peter H. Adler, and Konstantin G. Kornev. "Biomechanical drivers of the evolution of butterflies and moths with a coilable proboscis." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 291, no. 2035 (2024). http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2024.0903.
Full textAbstract:
Current biomechanical models suggest that butterflies and moths use their proboscis as a drinking straw pulling nectar as a continuous liquid column. Our analyses revealed an alternative mode for fluid uptake: drinking bubble trains that help defeat drag. We combined X-ray phase-contrast imaging, optical video microscopy, micro-computed tomography, phylogenetic models of evolution and fluid mechanics models of bubble-train formation to understand the biomechanics of butterfly and moth feeding. Our models suggest that the bubble-train mechanism appeared in the early evolution of butterflies and moths with a proboscis long enough to coil. We propose that, in addition to the ability to drink a continuous column of fluid from pools, the ability to exploit fluid films by capitalizing on bubble trains would have expanded the range of available food sources, facilitating diversification of Lepidoptera.
36
I., Fazekas G. Pastoralis Z. Tokar. "Bucculatrix ulmicola Kuznetzov, 1962, Phyllonorycter cerris (Gregor, 1952) and Notocelia mediterranea (Obraztsov, 1952) - new records for the Hungarian fauna (Lepidoptera: Bucculatricidae, Gracillariidae, Tortri-cidae)." March 13, 2023. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7727844.
Full textAbstract:
The study introduces three species of micro-moths previously unknown in Hungary: Bucculatrix ulmicola Kuznetzov, 1962, Phyllonorycter cerris (Gregor, 1952) and Notocelia mediterranea (Obraztsov, 1952). It analyses the taxonomy, diagnosis, bionomics, and geographical distribution of species. Describes the habitus and genital structure of species. The locations of the species are shown on maps. It is concluded that, based on these studies, all three species are new to the Hungarian fauna.
37
Bustamante, Jorge, Mahad Ahmed, Tanvi Deora, Brian Fabien, and Thomas L. Daniel. "Abdominal movements in insect flight reshape the role of non-aerodynamic structures for flight maneuverability I: Model predictive control for flower tracking." Integrative Organismal Biology, September 16, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/iob/obac039.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Research on insect flight control has focused primarily on the role of wings. Yet abdominal deflections during flight can potentially influence the dynamics of flight. This paper assesses the role of airframe deformations in flight, and asks to what extent the abdomen contributes to flight maneuverability. To address this, we use a combination of both a Model Predictive Control (MPC)-inspired computational inertial dynamics model, and free flight experiments in the hawkmoth, Manduca sexta. We explored both underactuated (i.e. number of outputs are greater than the number of inputs) and fully actuated (equal number of outputs and inputs) systems. Using metrics such as the non-dimensionalized tracking error and cost of transport to evaluate flight performance of the inertial dynamics model, we show that fully actuated simulations minimized the tracking error and cost of transport. Additionally, we tested the effect of restricted abdomen movement on free flight in live hawkmoths by fixing a carbon fiber rod over the thoracic-abdomen joint. Moths with a restricted abdomen performed worse than sham treatment moths. This study finds that abdominal motions contribute to flight control and maneuverability. Such motions of non-aerodynamic structures, found in all flying taxa, can inform the development of multi-actuated micro air vehicles.
38
Parlin, Adam F., and Patrick A. Guerra. "Dimorphic cocoons of the robin moth, Hyalophora cecropia, reflect the existence of two distinct architectural syndromes." Journal of Experimental Biology 224, no. 10 (2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.239780.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT The architectural design of animal structures forms part of an individual's extended phenotype that can be subjected to strong selection pressures. We examined cocoon architectural dimorphism in robin moths (Hyalophora cecropia), which construct multilayered silk-woven cocoons that possess either a ‘baggy’ or ‘compact’ morphology. These dimorphic cocoons reflect extended phenotypes that can enable survival during a critical developmental period (pupal stage to adult emergence), with cocoons occurring either sympatrically or as monomorphic groups across different climatic regions in North America. We hypothesized that cocoon dimorphism is related to the cocoon's role as a mediating barrier for moisture. We predicted that the macro- and micro-architectural differences between the cocoon morphs would be consistent with this function. We compared the cocoon morphs in terms of their orientation when spun under natural field conditions, examined how these orientations affected cocoon water absorption under simulated rain trials, and performed material surface tests to compare the hydrophobicity of cocoons. We found that compact cocoons had traits that increased water resistance, as they had significantly greater hydrophobicity than baggy cocoons, because they absorbed less water and released water vapor faster. In contrast, the increased water absorptiveness of baggy cocoons can allow for greater moisture retention, a function related to the prevention of desiccation. Our study suggests that cocoon dimorphism in robin moths reflects distinct architectural syndromes, in which cocoons are spun to optimize either water resistance or retention. These different functions are consistent with strategies that act to respond to uncertain external environmental conditions that an individual might encounter during development.
39
Zhou, Jia, Li‐Lin Chen, Yu‐Tong Zhu, Evan Siemann, and Nian‐Feng Wan. "Volatiles of the trap crop sunflowers: Effects on the behaviour of adult female Conogethes punctiferalis moths." Journal of Applied Entomology, September 12, 2023. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jen.13185.
Full textAbstract:
AbstractSunflowers (Helianthus annuus) are potential trap crops to attract the yellow peach moth (Conogethes punctiferalis) in orchards but the volatile compounds released from sunflowers and their effects on C. punctiferalis behaviour are not clear. Here we used solid phase micro‐extraction to collect volatiles released from flower disks of sunflowers, identified them by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, and examined the attractiveness of some of the compounds to mated female adult C. punctiferalis moths in Y‐tube olfactometer choice tests. We detected nine volatile compounds (α‐Pinene, β‐Phellandrene, Camphene, β‐Pinene, 3‐Carene, D‐Limonene, Eucalyptol, γ‐Terpinen, and Valencene) with consistently large peak areas for α‐Pinene and β‐Phellandrene. Among tested volatiles, both α‐Pinene and β‐Phellandrene were attractive to C. punctiferalis in olfactometer tests but this was only significant for higher concentrations of β‐Phellandrene. This suggests that β‐Phellandrene may promote C. punctiferalis oviposition on sunflower disks. This study provides insights into volatile chemical mediated responses of insect herbivores to trap crops.
40
Ankush R. Kayarkar, Vikas M. Mohture, and Dhananjay G. Madavi. "Microfungal Diversity of Botanical garden." International Journal of Advanced Research in Science, Communication and Technology, April 3, 2025, 242–49. https://doi.org/10.48175/ijarsct-24831.
Full textAbstract:
Botanical gardens are hub for the diverse fungi and the present study deals with the micro-fungal investigation in the botanical garden of RMG Arts & Science College, Nagbhid. This study has been conducted for a period of two moths employing petri plate exposure method. Total 537 fungal colonies belong to 13 genera and 24 species were recorded. Deuteromycota dominated with more than two third of total count of colonies, representing a largest contributor followed by Ascomycota. Cladosporium was observed to be the most dominant contributor followed by Fusarium, Alternaria, Curvularia and Aspergillus. The fungal isolates like Nigrospora, Penicillium, Bipolaris, Rhizopus and Torula were recorded at moderate count. Aspergillus dominated with highest species diversity i.e.8 species; Alternaria, Curvularia and Fusarium represented with 2 species each while other genera had single species. Diversity index like Shannon Diversity Index, Simpson Diversity Index and Margalef index showed that the maximum colony count was recorded in the month of February while the maximum diversity of fungal taxa was observed in the month of January.
41
Araya, Alemu, Abraha Gebretsadkan, Ibrahim Fitiwy, Sarah Tewelde-berhan, and Tewodros Tadesse. "Effects of Bio-rational Insecticides on Diamondback Moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and Cabbage Aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae L.) on Cabbage." Open Agriculture Journal 17, no. 1 (2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/18743315-v17-e230828-2023-23.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Cabbage is a subsistence crop for smallholder farmers in Ethiopia. Diamondback moths and cabbage aphids are among the devastating insects that cause yield losses of 90% and 30%. Objective: The aim was to test the efficacy of the bio-rational insecticides against diamondback moth and cabbage aphids, and their effect on cabbage yield and yield loss. Methods: A field experiment was conducted at the Gumsalasa micro dam with furrow irrigation during 2019/20 in Northern Ethiopia. Treatments were arranged in RCB design and replicated thrice. The experiment included five bio-rational insecticides; (R. obtusifolius), (P. dodecandra), (N. glauca), (T. minuta), (A. indica), Karate 5% EC (standard test), and control. Results: Phytolacca dodecandra aqueous leaf extract showed inspiring results, reducing diamondback moth larvae to 0.13 and aphid colonies to 0.16, 48 hours after the 4th spraying, leading to a higher (40.28 t ha-1) fresh cabbage yield followed by A.indica, which had reduced the invasion of diamondback moth and aphid colonies to 0.20 and 0.40 and the yield was recorded as 27.69 t ha-1 compared with 2.46 and 5.53 diamondback moth and aphid colonies, and 23.86 t ha-1 cabbage yield in the control group. Similarly, aqueous extracts of P. dodecandra showed a commendable yield (68.82%) increment over the control, and an estimated yield loss of 40.76% was recorded from the control plots due to the tested insect pests. Conclusion: This study concludes that foliar extracts of P. dodecandra can be used as an alternative management option to replace synthetic insecticides and thereby maintain food security.
42
van der Spek, Vincent. "The impact of fallow deer (Dama dama) grazing on the biodiversity of a Dutch coastal dune system." Lutra 67, no. 1/2 (2024). https://doi.org/10.63269/sjl5814.
Full textAbstract:
In the coastal dune system of Amsterdamse Waterleidingduinen (AWD), the Netherlands, numbers of the once introduced fallow deer (Dama dama) increased exponentially during the late 1990s and early 2000s. Thereby grazing pressure also increased. By the spring of 2016, the density was an estimated 190-220 deer/km². Several studies show that increased grazing pressure has resulted in loss of biodiversity. This was based on longrunning monitoring networks of plant and animal species (including citizen science by volunteers), databases for sightings of plant and animal species, vegetation mapping, data modelling, small-scale field experiments and judgements by independent (inter)national experts. Studied species included mammals, birds, reptiles, butterflies, micro and macro moths, bees, bumblebees, hoverflies, butterflies and plants, as well as vegetation and habitats. Temporal comparisons were used in order to detect changes within the area over time, spatial comparisons for differences between AWD and other, comparable dunes systems with little or no fallow deer grazing. This review summarizes all published papers and reports on this subject up to 2024. These reports are all in Dutch, and therefore this review also makes the conclusions of these publications available for a wider audience. The correlation between increased deer numbers and strongly decreasing numbers of many species (groups) is such that it is justified to conclude that a high grazing pressure has led to significant biodiversity loss, and that strictly protected Natura 2000 habitats are under pressure. Partially based on the impact on biodiversity, the responsible authorities have granted permission for population control of fallow deer since 2016.
43
Reade, Joseph, Braden Cote, and Mark Jankauski. "Reduced-Order Modeling and Optimization of a Flapping-Wing Flight System." Journal of Computational and Nonlinear Dynamics, January 22, 2025, 1–32. https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4067703.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Flapping-wing micro air vehicles (FWMAVs) are an emerging technology inspired by flying insects that show promise in applications favoring maneuverability and vehicle compactness. However, current designs are limited by inefficient energetics, and current dynamical models of the flight system employ limiting assumptions when considering power demands. Here, we derive a system-level model of the insect flight system including the thorax, wing and wing hinge that can inform insect-inspired FWMAV design. We apply the model to study the flight system of a hawkmoth, and use a genetic algorithm optimization to tune uncertain model parameters to minimize the power required to hover. Results show that performance is improved by utilizing multimodal excitation to produce favorable flapping kinematics. This is achieved by locating the flapping frequency of the moth between the nonlinear resonant frequencies, resulting in magnified flapping response and aerodynamically-advantageous phase. The optimal flapping frequency can be predicted from the system?s underlying linear natural frequencies and is roughly 54% of the system?s mean natural frequency. Furthermore, effective solutions are configured so that the timing of the applied load and thorax responses are matched such that little effort is spent reversing the wing stroke. The optimized model parameters and corresponding kinematics show moderate agreement with those reported for the hawkmoth. To maintain hovering flight, the successful moths in the population expend approximately 58.5W/kg. The system-level model and the governing principles identified here can inform the design of energy efficient FWMAVs moving forward.
44
Sasamori, Márcio Hisayuki, Delio Endres Júnior, Silvana Vargas do Amaral, Simeão Moraes, and Annette Droste. "Microhabitat traits and herbivory of Calodesma collaris (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) affect the establishment of Vriesea incurvata (Bromeliaceae) plants translocated to the Atlantic Forest of southern Brazil." Australian Journal of Botany 73, no. 4 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1071/bt24027.
Full textAbstract:
Context Epiphytic tank bromeliads are a key functional group in Neotropical forests. Yet, they remain under-utilised in environmental restoration efforts. Limited knowledge suggests herbivores are not highly lethal, although they do impact plant establishment of translocated populations. Aims To assess survival and development of micropropagated Vriesea incurvata (Bromeliaceae) translocated to two micro-environments: (1) gallery forest (GF); and (2) forest interior (FI) under the influence of herbivory in the Atlantic Forest in Brazil. Methods Plants were translocated to phorophytes (3.5–4.0 m) in the GF environment and in the FI environment (76 plants per microhabitat) and monitored for 2 years. Herbivory on leaves, survival and morphometric traits were compared between herbivore-damaged and undamaged plants in the GF and FI environments. Abiotic variables were measured in each microhabitat. Key results Herbivory reduced plant survival in the FI environment (P = 0.039) and, together with low luminosity, was negatively associated with leaf number (LN, P < 0.001). All plants survived in the GF environment. In this microhabitat, herbivory was negatively associated with the length of the longest leaf and foliar rosette diameter (LLL/FRD, P < 0.001), while luminosity was positively related with FRD (P = 0.009) and number of leaves (LN) (P = 0.026). We reported for the first time Calodesma collaris larvae feeding on V. incurvata. Conclusions V. incurvata grows preferentially in the GF environment and serves as food for animals such as moths. Implications Herbivore pressure constitutes a key biotic factor affecting the translocated V. incurvata plants. Together with luminosity, herbivory plays a major role in explaining the observed survival and development patterns.
45
Nguvu, G., G. M. Rwegasira, and B. S. Wudil. "Influence of Temperature Variability on Survival and Development of Citrus Leaf Miner, Phyllocnistis citrella Stainton (Lepidoptera: Gracilariidae) in Tanzania." Asian Plant Research Journal, November 7, 2022, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/aprj/2022/v10i2185.
Full textAbstract:
Due to limited information on Phyllocnistis citrella’s Biology, study was aimed to examine the effects of different temperature levels on biology of citrus leaf miner under controlled laboratory conditions at the Entomology laboratory of Sokoine University of Agriculture (SUA), Tanzania from December 2011 to September 2012. Leaf samples (1,985 leaf samples) considered to contain larvae in serpentine mines were collected and individually incubated at room temperature. The emerging adults were wet preserved in 70% ethanol while some dry preserved using special micro pins under microscope for future identification. A Monterey LG8920 pheromone trap was set in every 10m2 at SUA citrus orchard to trap adult moths to supplement sample sources. Citrus leaf miners species collected were identified and four different temperature levels (20, 25, 30 and 35°C) were monitored at each developmental stage. Results revealed longer development time (egg to adult) at 200C and shorter at 300C in 28 and 10 days while the total mortality was 26.67% at 200C and 6.67% at 300C respectively. Oviposition period and rate were negatively and positively influenced by temperature (from 9.26 days at 200C to 6.21 days at 300C and 15.2 eggs/ female/ day at 300C and 6.8 eggs/ female/ day at 200C respectively). The overall fecundity was 28.2 eggs/ female at 200C and 57.1 eggs/ female at 300C. High larval mortality rate was recorded compared to the egg stage while no mortality observed at pupa stage. Conclusively, the pest on this temperature range (200C, minimum to 300C, maximum) has high fecundity, low mortality rate and the developmental time was positively correlated with high temperature, therefore considered optimum temperature range for its survival and development. Other researches especially Integrated Pest management are imperative for sound management package as per the pest in Tanzania and beyond.
46
Pedoto, Deianira, Adele Corcione, Diletta Apuzzo, et al. "P1814ATYPICAL FEATURES IN A TYPICAL DISEASE: ONE THOUSANDS FACES OF IGA NEPHROPATHY IN PAEDIATRIC PATIENTS." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 35, Supplement_3 (2020). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfaa142.p1814.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Background and Aims Immunoglobulin A Nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common cause of idiopathic glomerulonephritis in paediatric patients. The typical presentation is characterized by recurrent episodes of macroscopic haematuria or persistent microhaematuria with mild or overt proteinuria. Renal function is normally preserved, though a slow progression to chronic kidney disease (CKD) may occur. However, in rare cases IgAN may assume atypical features, presenting with nephrotic syndrome (NS), acute kidney injury (AKI) or assuming the characteristic of a rapidly progressive glomerulonephritis, leading to significant difficulties in management and critical impact on prognosis. Method Of total 756 renal biopsies performed in our centre from 2000 till 2019, 174 (23%) diagnosis of IgA nephropathy were made: 123 (70,6%) of 174 with a milder histological stage (I or II according to Lee’s) and 51 (29,3%) with severe stages (III-IV). Clinical onset of these 51 patients was mostly characterized by a nephritic syndrome with micro-macrohaematuria, though in 7 of them it assumed atypical features (table 1). Results Patients 1, 2, 3 and 4 showed a rapidly progressive IgAN with extensive crescentic lesions at histological evaluation. In all of the four patients the onset of the disease was characterised by a compromised renal function, thought, according to the medical history, in patients 2 and 4 clinical signs of nephropathy had started some months before the first medical evaluation. This detail, considering the poorer clinical outcome of patients 2 and 4 (table 1), strongly highlights the need of promptness in the treatment of these conditions. Patient 1 achieved a complete remission after steroid pulse therapy (Pozzi scheme), while for patients 2,3,4 an additional immunosuppressive treatment was required. The nephropathy of patient 5 was, instead, characterized by AKI with consistent macrohaematuria. Interestingly, the severity of the clinical presentation was not related to the glomerular lesion (the histology showed a minimal change disease), rather to the intra-tubular haemorrhage, causing an obstructive acute kidney injury. Patient 5 achieved a complete remission after steroid treatment. The onset of IgAN in patients 6 and 7 was characterized by a nephrotic syndrome, which is a very uncommon feature (&lt;2% of all IgAN). Patient 6, who showed a massive proteinuria (till 11 grams/24 hours) was promptly treated with steroid and tacrolimus, achieving a complete remission in 6 moths. Patient 7, a sri-lankan girl, was diagnosed in 2008 in Sri-Lanka. She underwent treatment with steroid and Mycophenolate and successively, for the persistence of proteinuria, with Cyclosporine A. From 2014 she has been followed by our centre. Despite a second cycle with Cyclosporine she has shown a persistence of proteinuria and a slow progression to CKD. Conclusion This study highlights that a typical disease like IgAN may hide behind an atypical and severe presentation. Moreover, the blackboard of the atypical forms is extremely heterogeneous, stretching from NS to crescentic and progressive diseases. As a consequence, the treatment of these conditions is not codified and represents an important challenge for the clinician. This calls for multicentric studies which could provide shared recommendation for the management of these atypical forms of IgAN.