Journal articles: 'Micro/nano-scale properties'

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TAGUCHI, Yoshihiro, and Yuji NAGASAKA. "Micro and Nano-scale Thermophysical Properties Sensing." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 111, no. 1071 (2008): 80–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.111.1071_80.

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Sumigawa, Takashi, Shinsaku Ashida, and Takayuki Kitamura. "OS12-7 Criterion for Crack Propagation due to Nanometer-scale Singular Stress Field in Silicon Single Crystal(Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials-2,OS12 Mechanical properties of nano- and micro-materials,MICRO AND NANO MECHANICS)." Abstracts of ATEM : International Conference on Advanced Technology in Experimental Mechanics : Asian Conference on Experimental Mechanics 2015.14 (2015): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmeatem.2015.14.189.

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Liu, Han Lian, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, and Jing Sun. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of two Kinds of Al₂O₃/SiC Nanocomposites." Materials Science Forum 471-472 (December 2004): 243–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.471-472.243.

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Two kinds of Al2O3 /SiC nanocomposites with different alumina powder are developed, one is fabricated only by nano-scale alumina powders, the other is by micro-scale with partial nano-scale alumina powders. Both of the two composites may get higher flexural strength and fracture toughness than that of micro-scale monolithic alumina ceramics, but the latter is more preferable than the former. The microstructure and the strengthening and toughening mechanisms of the new ceramic tool materials are investigated, the improvement of mechanical properties may be mainly attributed to the transgranular fracture mode induced by the added nano-scale SiC, while adding nano-scale alumina powder to micro-scale powder, both of the nano-scale Al2O3 and nano-scale SiC may strengthen the micro-scale Al2O3 matrix, that means the nano-scale Al2O3 acted as the dispersed phase.

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Liu, Yue, Chuan Zhen Huang, Han Lian Liu, Bin Zou, Peng Yao, and Liang Xu. "Effect of Nano-Additives on Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Ti(C,N)-TiB₂-WC Composite Ceramic Cutting Tool Materials." Key Engineering Materials 589-590 (October 2013): 337–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.589-590.337.

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Ti(C,N)-TiB2-WC composite ceramic cutting tool materials with nano-scale additives Ni and Mo, and micro-scale additives Ni and Mo as sintering aids were sintered respectively at a temperature of 1550 °C for holding time of 1hour in vacuum by a hot-press technique. The effects of nano-scale additives Ni and Mo, and micro-scale additives Ni and Mo on microstructure and mechanical properties of composites were compared and investigated. It is concluded that the wettability of nano-scale Ni and Mo to the composites is better than that of micro-scale Ni and Mo. The nano-scale whiskers were found in the composite ceramic tool materials with nano-scale additives. The addition of nano-scale Ni and Mo instead of micro-scale Ni and Mo could make the ﬂexural strength and fracture toughness of Ti(C, N)-TiB2 –WC composites have a promotion, but could not make the hardness of the composites increase in this study.

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Zhang, Yihuai, Maxim Lebedev, Gregory Smith, Yu Jing, Andreas Busch, and Stefan Iglauer. "Nano-mechanical Properties and Pore-Scale Characterization of Different Rank Coals." Natural Resources Research 29, no. 3 (October 18, 2019): 1787–800. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11053-019-09572-8.

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ABSTRACT Characterization of coal micro-structure and the associated rock mechanical properties are of key importance for coal seam exploration, coal bed methane development, enhanced coal bed methane production and CO2 storage in deep coal seams. Considerable knowledge exists about coal chemical properties, but less is known about the nanoscale to the micro-scale structure of coals and how they change with coal strength across coal ranks. Thus, in this study, 3D X-ray micro-computed tomography (with a voxel size of 3.43 µm) and nano-indentation tests were conducted on coal samples of different ranks from peat to anthracite. The micro-structure of peats showed a well-developed pore system with meso- and micro-pores. The meso-pores essentially disappear with increasing rank, whereas the micro-pores persist and then increase past the bituminous rank. The micro-fracture system develops past the peat stage and by sub-bituminous ranks and changes into larger and mature fracture systems at higher ranks. The nano-indentation modulus showed the increasing trend from low- to high-rank coal with a perfect linear relationship with vitrinite reflectance and is highly correlated with carbon content as expected.

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Yao, Ying Xue, Shahjada Ahmed Pahlovy, and Sadao Momota. "Effect of Low Energy ECR Ion Beam Irradiation on Micro Nano Scale Mechanical Properties of Silicon." Applied Mechanics and Materials 10-12 (December 2007): 344–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.10-12.344.

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Most mechanical parts like bearings, gears, and shafts are produced by finishing processes such as hard turning, grinding and/or honing. The durability and reliability of these precision products are directly influenced by mechanical behavior of material. If those parts are in micro nano scale such as micro interconnector, micro valve, micro actuator, and micro switch in that case micro nano mechanical properties is an important factor for better performance. This present paper discusses the low energy ECR ion beam irradiation effects on mechanical property of material in micronano scale. To complete this research ion beams were irradiated for different accelerating energy to Si surface. Nano indentations were done for hardness and elasticity measurement. AFM was used for roughness and depth measurement. From data analysis It shows accelerating energy is an important factor to control mechanical property of material during nano scale fabrication by ion beam.

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Liu, Han Lian, Chuan Zhen Huang, Shou Rong Xiao, Hui Wang, and Ming Hong. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Multi-Scale Titanium Diboride Matrix Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool Materials." Key Engineering Materials 431-432 (March 2010): 523–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.431-432.523.

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Under the liquid-phase hot-pressing technique, the multi-scale titanium diboride matrix nanocomposite ceramic tool materials were fabricated by adding both micro-scale and nano-scale TiN particles into TiB2 with Ni and Mo as sintering aids. The effect of content of nano-scale TiN and sintering temperature on the microstructure and mechanical properties was studied. The result showed that flexural strength and fracture toughness of the composites increased first, and then decreased with an increase of the content of nano-scale TiN, while the Vickers hardness decreased with an increase of the content of nano-scale TiN. The optimal mechanical properties were flexural strength 742 MPa, fracture toughness 6.5 MPa•m1/2 and Vickers hardness 17GPa respectively. The intergranular and transgranular fracture mode were observed in the composites. The metal phase can cause ductility toughening and crack bridging, while crack deflection and transgranular fracture mode could be brought by micro-scale TiN and nano-scale TiN respectively.

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Kvačkaj, Tibor, and Jana Bidulská. "From Micro to Nano Scale Structure by Plastic Deformations." Materials Science Forum 783-786 (May 2014): 842–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.783-786.842.

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Nowadays, the strategy for improving of mechanical properties in metals is not oriented to alloying followed by heat treatment. An effective way how to improve the mechanical properties of metals is focused on the research looking for some additional structural abilities of steels. Structural refinement is one of the ways. Refinement of the austenitic grain size (AGS) carried out through plastic deformation in a spontaneous recrystallization region of austenite, formation of AGS by plastic deformations in a non-recrystallized region of austenite will be considered as potential ways for AGS refinement. After classic methods of plastic deformations, next structure refinement can be obtained by an application of severe plastic deformation (SPD) methods.

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Huang, Chuan Zhen, Jun Wang, Li Qiang Xu, Sui Lian Wang, and Han Lian Liu. "Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-Scale Al₂O₃ Toughened Ti (C,N) Matrix Cermet Tool Materials." Materials Science Forum 532-533 (December 2006): 37–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.532-533.37.

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Advanced Ti(C, N) matrix cermet tool materials with higher mechanical properties are successfully developed by dispersing nano-scale Al2O3 powder into the micro-scale Ti(C, N) matrix and Ni-Mo bonding phases powder. The effect of the content of nano-scale alumina on the microstructure and mechanical properties of micro-scale Ti(C, N) matrix cermet tool materials are investigated. The research results show that a type of Ti(C, N) matrix cermet tool material has the most optimal flexural strength of 900MPa, Vickers hardness of 17.4GPa and fracture toughness of 9.95MPa.m1/2 when the content of nano-scale alumina is 12% in term of mass. It is found from the microstructure analysis that the main reason of the mechanical properties improvement is the grain fining effect caused by nano-scale Al2O3.

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Armstrong, Ronald W., and Wayne L. Elban. "Crystal Strengths at Micro- and Nano-Scale Dimensions." Crystals 10, no. 2 (February 5, 2020): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst10020088.

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Higher strength levels, achieved for dimensionally-smaller micro- and nano-scale materials or material components, such as MEMS devices, are an important enabler of a broad range of present-day engineering devices and structures. Beyond such applications, there is an important effort to understand the dislocation mechanics basis for obtaining such improved strength properties. Four particular examples related to these issues are described in the present report: (1) a compilation of nano-indentation hardness measurements made on silicon crystals spanning nano- to micro-scale testing; (2) stress–strain measurements made on iron and steel materials at micro- to nano-crystal (grain size) dimensions; (3) assessment of small dislocation pile-ups relating to Griffith-type fracture stress vs. crack-size calculations for cleavage fracturing of α-iron; and (4) description of thermally-dependent strain rate sensitivities for grain size strengthening and weakening for macro- to micro- to nano-polycrystalline copper and nickel materials.

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LUO, DONG-MEI, YING-LONG ZHOU, and HONG YANG. "ANALYSES OF INFLUENCE FACTORS ON MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CERAMIC COMPOSITES REINFORCED BY NANO-MICRO PARTICLES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 23, no. 06n07 (March 20, 2009): 1352–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979209060932.

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The main influence factors on mechanical properties of ceramic composites reinforced by spherical nano-micro particles are investigated in this study. The sizes of the particles vary from micro (0.5 µm) to nano-scale (40 nm). Two kinds of representative volume elements (RVE) are applied to describe different arrays of nano-micro particles. One is the nesting array in which a nano-particle is nested within the microscopic particles, and the other is the enwrapping array in which a micro-particle is enwrapped by some nano-particles. The finite element (FE) analysis is conducted by the global-local homogenization method with precise period boundary conditions. The numerical simulation is performed with the changes of radius ratios of nano-micro particles, volume fractions and the interfacial properties. The results show that the effective Young's modulus of the composites with the enwrapping array has an obvious increase as compared to those with the nesting array for high volume fraction of micro-particles, and it is dependent on the radius ratios of nano-micro particles within certain volume fractions. The interfacial damage between nano-micro particles and their matrix decreases significantly the effective Young's modulus. It is significant to improve the mechanical properties of ceramic materials by mixing some nano- and micro-particles into the matrix with mature interface properties.

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Wu, Na, Ningning Hu, Gongbo Zhou, and Jinhe Wu. "Tribological properties of lubricating oil with micro/nano-scale WS2 particles." Journal of Experimental Nanoscience 13, no. 1 (November 23, 2017): 27–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/17458080.2017.1405164.

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Liu, Qing Feng, and Qian Liu. "Effect of Grain Size on the Luminescent Properties of Nano-Scale Gd₂O₃:Eu." Journal of Metastable and Nanocrystalline Materials 23 (January 2005): 15–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jmnm.23.15.

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Nano-scale Gd2O3:Eu phosphor powders were synthesized by combustion method. In this process, the grain sizes of nano-scale Gd2O3:Eu were controlled by changing the amount of citric acid. Compared with micro-scale powders obtained from co-precipitation process, XRD revealed that the lattice parameter of nano-scale powders Gd2O3:Eu decreased. Further detailed study show that the luminescent properties were related to the grain size of nano Gd2O3:Eu powders under UV excitation.

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Gao, Jun-Guo, Xia Li, Wen-Hua Yang, and Xiao-Hong Zhang. "Space Charge Characteristics and Electrical Properties of Micro-Nano ZnO/LDPE Composites." Crystals 9, no. 9 (September 14, 2019): 481. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cryst9090481.

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The synergistic effects of zinc oxide (ZnO) Micro/Nano particles simultaneously filled in low-density polyethylene (LDPE) on the space charge characteristics and electrical properties has been investigated by melt blending micro-scale and nanoscale ZnO additive particles into LDPE matrix to prepare Micro-ZnO, Nano-ZnO, and Micro-Nano ZnO/LDPE composites. The morphological structures of composite samples are characterized by Polarizing Light Microscopy (PLM), and the space charge accumulations and insulation performances are correlated in the analyses with Pulse Electronic Acoustic (PEA), DC breakdown field strength, and conductance tests. It is indicated that both the micro and nano ZnO fillers can introduce plenty of heterogeneous nuclei into the LDPE matrix so as to impede the LDPE spherocrystal growth and regularize the crystalline grains in neatly-arranged morphology. By filling microparticles together with nanoparticles of ZnO additives, the space charge accumulations are significantly inhibited under an applied DC voltage and the minimum initial residual charges with the slowest charge decaying rate have been achieved after an electrode short connection. While the micro-nano ZnO/LDPE composites acquire the lowest conductivity, the breakdown strengths of the ZnO/LDPE nanocomposite and micro-nano composite are, respectively, 13.7% and 3.4% higher than that of the neat LDPE material.

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Fu, Jia. "Nano-indentation experiment for determining mechanical properties of typical cement phases at nano/micro-scale." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 439 (November 5, 2018): 042019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/439/4/042019.

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Okadome, H., M. S. Hossen, K. Nanayama, I. Sotome, and T. Sasaki. "Analysis of processing properties of rice flour by micro/nano-scale grinding." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1213 (September 2018): 325–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2018.1213.47.

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Zhang, Xiaosheng, Qianli Di, Fuyun Zhu, Guangyi Sun, and Haixia Zhang. "Wideband anti-reflective micro/nano dual-scale structures: fabrication and optical properties." Micro & Nano Letters 6, no. 11 (2011): 947. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2011.0487.

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Jeong, Joonho, Maenghyo Cho, and Jinbok Choi. "Effective mechanical properties of micro/nano-scale porous materials considering surface effects." Interaction and multiscale mechanics 4, no. 2 (June 25, 2011): 107–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.12989/imm.2011.4.2.107.

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Lee, Hye Jin, Nak Kyu Lee, Hyoung Wook Lee, Hoon Jae Park, and Tae Hoon Choi. "Nano Scale Material Property Measurement of MEMS Material Using Piezo Actuated Material Testing Machine." Materials Science Forum 510-511 (March 2006): 734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.510-511.734.

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Many micro technology researches have been concentrated in the field of materials and a process field. But the properties of micro materials should be understood to give still more advanced results. Among the various material properties, mechanical material properties such as tensile strength, elastic modulus, etc., is the basic property. To measure mechanical properties in micro or nano scale, actuating must be very precise. Piezo is a famous actuator, frequently used to measure very precise mechanical properties in micro research field. But piezo has a nonlinearity called hysteresis. Not precision result is caused because of this hysteresis property in piezo actuator. Therefore feedback control method is used in many researches to prevent this hysteresis of piezo actuator. Feedback control method produces a good result in processing view, but causes a loss in a resolution view. In this paper, hysteresis is compensated by using an open loop control method. To apply the open loop control method to piezo actuated nano scale material testing machine, hysteresis property is modeled in a mathematical function, and a compensated control input is constructed using inverse function of original data. The reliability of this control method can be confirmed by testing nickel, aluminum, and copper micro thin foil that is used in MEMS material broadly. If these MEMS material properties are used in a MEMS research field, more economical and high performance MEMS materials can be obtained.

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Huan, Yuchun, Kaidi Wu, Changjiu Li, Hanlin Liao, Marc Debliquy, and Chao Zhang. "Micro-nano structured functional coatings deposited by liquid plasma spraying." Journal of Advanced Ceramics 9, no. 5 (August 10, 2020): 517–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s40145-020-0402-9.

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Abstract Inspired by the micro-nano structure on the surface of biological materials or living organisms, micro-nano structure has been widely investigated in the field of functional coatings. Due to its large specific surface area, porosity, and dual-scale structure, it has recently attracted special attention. The typical fabrication processes of micro-nano structured coatings include sol-gel, hydrothermal synthesis, chemical vapor deposition, etc. This paper presents the main features of a recent deposition and synthesis technique, liquid plasma spraying (LPS). LPS is an important technical improvement of atmospheric plasma spraying. Compared with atmospheric plasma spraying, LPS is more suitable for preparing functional coatings with micro-nano structure. Micro-nano structured coatings are mainly classified into hierarchical-structure and binary-structure. The present study reviews the preparation technology, structural characteristics, functional properties, and potential applications of LPS coatings with a micro-nano structure. The micro-nano structured coatings obtained through tailoring the structure will present excellent performances.

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Squires, Todd M. "Micro-plumes for nano-velocimetry." Journal of Fluid Mechanics 832 (October 26, 2017): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/jfm.2017.688.

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Fluid flows through nano-scale channels depend sensitively on the physical and chemical properties of the walls that surround them. The sub-micron dimensions of such channels, however, are impossible to resolve optically, which rules out most methods for flow visualization. Classic calculations by Squire (Q. J. Mech. Appl. Maths, vol. IV, 1951, pp. 321–329) and Landau & Lifshitz (Fluid Mechanics, vol. 6, 1959, Pergamon) showed that the laminar flow driven outside a capillary, by fluid emerging from the end of the capillary, is identical to the flow driven by a point force proportional to the average velocity in the capillary. Secchi et al. (J. Fluid Mech. 826, R3) analyze the dispersion of a solute that is injected along with the fluid, whose concentration decays slowly with distance but with a strong angular dependence that encodes the intra-capillary velocity. Fluorescence micrographs of the concentration profile emerging from the nanocapillary can be related directly to the average fluid velocity within the nanocapillary. Beyond their remarkable capacity for nano-velocimetry, Landau–Squire plumes will likely appear throughout micro- and nano-fluidic systems.

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Fei, Yu Huan, Chuan Zhen Huang, Han Lian Liu, and Bin Zou. "Mechanical Properties of Al₂O₃-TiN Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool Materials." Key Engineering Materials 499 (January 2012): 108–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.499.108.

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Al2O3-TiN nanocomposite ceramic tool materials were fabricated by hot-pressing technique and the mechanical properties were measured. Mechanical properties such as room temperature flexural strength, Vickers hardness and fracture toughness were measured through three-point bending test and Vickers indentation. The effects of the content of nano-scale TiN, sintering temperature and holding time on the mechanical properties were investigated. The results shows that the addition of nano-scale TiN can improve the mechanical properties of alumina ceramics. Both the flexural strength and the fracture toughness first increased then decreased with an increment in the content of nano-scale TiN. Both the Vickers hardness and the fracture toughness increased with an increment in the sintering temperature. The flexural strength increased with an increment in the holding time, while the fracture toughness decreased with an increment in the holding time. The composites with only nano-scale TiN have the highest Vickers hardness for the holding time of 30min, while the hardness of the composites with nano-scale TiN and micro-scale TiN decreased with an increment in the holding time.

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Liu, Han Lian, Chuan Zhen Huang, Jun Wang, and Bing Qiang Liu. "Study on the Multi-Scale Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool Material." Key Engineering Materials 315-316 (July 2006): 118–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.315-316.118.

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An advanced ceramic cutting tool material was developed by means of micro-scale SiC particle cooperating with nano-scale SiC particle dispersion. With the optimal dispersing and fabricating technology, this multi-scale nanocomposite may get both higher flexural strength and fracture toughness than that of the single-scale composite. The improved mechanical properties may be mainly attributed to the inter/intragranular microstructure with a lot of micro-scale SiC particles located on the grain boundary and a few nano-scale SiC particles located in the matrix grain. Because of the thermal expansion mismatch between SiC and Al2O3 resulting in the compressive stress on the SiC/Al2O3 interface, the interface bonding strength between Al2O3 and SiC was reinforced, which can compel the crack propagating into the relatively weak matrix when meeting the SiC particle on the boundary; while the alumina grain boundary is not the same strong as the SiC/Al2O3 interface and the Al2O3 grain, therefore the crack propagates sometimes along the Al2O3 grain boundaries and sometimes through the grains, when reaching to the nano-scale SiC particle inside the matrix, the crack was pinned and then deflected to the sub-grainboundaries. These coexisting transgranular and intergranular fracture mode induced by micro-scale and nano-scale SiC and the fining of matrix grain derived from the nano-scale SiC resulted in the remarkable strengthening and toughening effect.

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Chen, Qing, Sheng Wang, and Lian Mao Peng. "Wetting and Contact Properties Studied Using the Nanoprobe System." Materials Science Forum 475-479 (January 2005): 4081–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.475-479.4081.

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Using a nanoprobe system, we have studied the wetting and the contact properties of Ga with Au, TiN on Al, SiO2 and carbon nanotubes in micro and nano meter scale. Some new phenomena have been observed.

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Huang, Chiung Fang, Hsin Chung Cheng, Yi Lin, and Yung Kang Shen. "Study on Cellar Behaviors on Different Micro/Nano Structures of Anodic Aluminum Oxide Template." Advanced Materials Research 647 (January 2013): 111–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.647.111.

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In this paper, we are investigating the different cultured structures scale in micrometer and nanometer. The experiment have been fabricated four types aluminum substrate structures which included none-structure, micro-structure, nano-structure, and combined micro/nano structure to fulfill the research in osteoblast-like cell (MG 63). Finally we performed the sterilization method to deal with the patterns of alumina sheet product in the clean room. Meanwhile, we demonstrated the osteoblast-like cell (MG63) to culture on the thin film. Finally, we have been used MTT assay study the behavior of cultured osteoblast-like cell to obtain the different properties between none-structure、micro-structure, nano-structure and micro/nano structure for adhesion, elongation and proliferation.

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Fu, Jia. "Realization of Mechanical Properties Prediction from Nano- to Macro- Scale Structure: An Achievement of C-S-H Hydrated Phases." Materials Science Forum 956 (June 2019): 332–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.956.332.

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The performance prediction of C-S-H gel is critical to the theoretical research of cement-based materials. In the light of recent computational material technology, modeling from nano-scale to micro-scale to predict mechanical properties of structure has become research hotspots. This paper aims to find the inter-linkages between the monolithic "glouble" C-S-H at nano-scale and the low/high density C-S-H at the micro-scale by step to step method, and to find a reliable experimental verification method. Above all, the basic structure of tobermorite and the "glouble" C-S-H model at nano-scale are discussed. At this scale, a "glouble" C-S-H structure of about 5.5 nm3 was established based on the 11Å tobermorite crystal, and the elastic modulus of the isotropic "glouble" is obtained by simulation. Besides, by considering the effect of porosity on the low/high density of the gel morphology, the C-S-H phase at micro-scale can be reversely characterized by the "glouble". By setting different porosities and using Self-Consistent and Mori-Tanaka schemes, elastic moduli of the low density and high density C-S-H from that of "glouble" are predicted, which are used to compare with the experimental values of the outer and inner C-S-H. Moreover, the nanoindentation simulation is carried out, where the simulated P-h curve is in good agreement with the accurate experimental curve in nanoindentation experiment by the regional indentation technique(RET), thus the rationality of the "glouble" structure modeled is verified and the feasibility of Jennings model is proved. Finally, the studies from the obtained ideal "glouble" model to the C-S-H phase performance has realized the mechanical properties prediction of the C-S-H structure from nano-scale to micro-scale, which has great theoretical significance for the C-S-H structural strengthening research.

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Zhang, Li Qiang, Ping Yang, Fang Wei Xie, Tao Xi, Xin Gang Yu, and Xi Fu Song. "MD-ISE-FE Multiscale Modeling and Numerical Simulation of Thermal Conductivity of Cu Film Interface Structure." Advanced Materials Research 382 (November 2011): 242–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.382.242.

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With the devices miniaturization, the properties of materials at the micro/nano scale were much different from what at Macro-scale because of the scale effect. The Interface Stress Element (ISE) was introduced into the multi-scale model. These three methods, Molecular Dynamics (MD), ISE and Finite Element (FE) were effectively combined by designing a handshake region and using the transition interface element method. The multi-scale model of film was built based on MD-ISE-FE. The sequential coupling method was used to calculate, and then, the results of the FE and ISE region were applied to the MD region. The EAM potential was used to simulate. The results were the basically same with the other experimental and simulation results in the reference. It indicated that the multi-scale analysis method could be applied to calculate the thermodynamics properties of the interface structure at the Micro/nano scale.

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He, Wenjing, Caihe Fan, Hong Ao, Nanshan Dai, Zeyi Hu, and Tong Shen. "Research progress of ceramic particles reinforced Al-based composites with micro-nano-scale and high volume fraction." Materials Express 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 801–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1998.

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Al-based composites reinforced by high volume fraction ceramic particles have attracted much attention because of their high specific strength, high specific modulus, good wear resistance, and low thermal expansion properties. The preparation technology, advantages, and disadvantages of Al-based composites reinforced by high ceramic content are reviewed in this study. The research status of the microstructure and mechanical properties of Al-based composites reinforced by high ceramic particles content is summarized. The effects of ceramic content and preparation technology on the properties of Al-based composites are described. The strengthening mechanism of micro-nano-scale ceramic particles in composites is also expounded. The development trend of micro-nano-scale high content ceramic particle-reinforced Al-based composites is prospected.

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Al-Wahab Ali, Manolia Abed, Mohammed Jawad Kadhim, and Ibtesam F. Nasser. "Some Properties of Cement Mortar Incorporating Micro and Nano-Metakaolin Materials." Materials Science Forum 1021 (February 2021): 231–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.231.

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There are many reasons neededfor continuous evolution in concrete technology; one of them concern on the greenhouse gas emission and depletion of natural resource as a results of high production of Portland cement. Many solutions are used to solve these problems; one of them is using cement replacement materials in concrete like metakaolin (in micro or Nano scale) which offered positive effect on the properties of cement concrete. Therefore, the main aim of this study is to evaluate and compare the effects of metakaolin (MK) and Nano-metakaolin (NMK) on some physical and mechanical properties of cement mortar. For this purpose, mortar mixes are prepared by substituting cement (by weight) with (10%) metakaolin or (1, 3, 5, and 7%) Nano - metakaolin. The amount of binder for mortar mixtures is 700 kg/m with a constant water / binder ratio of 0.33. Workability, apparent density, water absorption, compressive strength, and flexural strength of all mortar mixes are determined and compared with reference mix without any mineral admixture (0% MK or NMK). The results indicated that the performance of mortar mixes can be enhanced by metakaoline replacement. Furthermore, Nano-metakaolin has significantly positive impacts on the properties of mortar mixes which have found to be improved with increasing the Nano-metakaolin replacement, due to better pore refinement, micro filling action, and higher pozzolanic reaction. The optimum Nano-metakaolin substitution ratio (7%) causes increase in compressive and flexural strength reach to (82.6% and 59.5%), respectively compared with the reference mix, at age of 28 days.

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Kondo, Yoshifumi, Tomoyo Goto, and Tohru Sekino. "Sr2+ sorption property of seaweed-like sodium titanate mats: effects of crystallographic properties." RSC Advances 11, no. 30 (2021): 18676–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d1ra03088d.

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Seaweed-like sodium titanate mats (SSTs) have excellent sorption capacity of Sr²⁺ compared to sodium trititanate monodispersed nanofibers due to the sodium dititanate structure and its unique nano/micro-scale morphologies.

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Awan, Maqbool S., Arshad Ali, Perviz S, and Yousaf S. Awan. "Carbon Nano Fibre Reinforcements In Concrete." Indonesian Journal of Science and Technology 4, no. 1 (March 7, 2019): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.17509/ijost.v4i1.4140.

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Graphite nanomaterials offer distinct advantages over micro-scale reinforcing fibers in terms of engineering properties and geometric attributes. Thorough dispersion and effective interfacial interactions through proper functionalization of carbon nanofibers are the prerequisites for their effective use in high performance cementitious matrices. Furthermore, use of nano- and micro-scale reinforcements together provides reinforcing effects at different scales, thus rendering balanced gains in engineering properties of the matrix. However, their use in coarser high-performance matrices has not been evaluated thoroughly. The results show improvements in all flexural attributes, impact and abrasion resistance of DSP concrete with addition of 0.16 vol.% of oxidized and poly-acrylic acid physisorbed carbon nanofibers, over the corresponding properties of plain matrix. The results also point to synergetic effect of hybrid reinforcements in improving the various engineering properties of DSP concrete matrix, especially with low modulus polypropylene microfibers.

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Li, Hongke, Xiaoyang Zhu, Zhenghao Li, Jianjun Yang, and Hongbo Lan. "Preparation of Nano Silver Paste and Applications in Transparent Electrodes via Electric-Field Driven Micro-Scale 3D Printing." Nanomaterials 10, no. 1 (January 5, 2020): 107. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10010107.

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Nano-silver paste, as an important basic material for manufacturing thick film components, ultra-fine circuits, and transparent conductive films, has been widely used in various fields of electronics. Here, aiming at the shortcomings of the existing nano-silver paste in printing technology and the problem that the existing printing technology cannot achieve the printing of high viscosity, high solid content nano-silver paste, a nano-silver paste suitable for electric-field-driven (EFD) micro-scale 3D printing is developed. The result shows that there is no oxidation and settlement agglomeration of nano-silver paste with a storage time of over six months, which indicates that it has good dispersibility. We focus on the printing process parameters, sintering process, and electrical conductivity of nano-silver paste. The properties of the nano-silver paste were analyzed and the feasibility and practicability of the prepared nano-silver paste in EFD micro-scale 3D printing technology were verified. The experiment results indicate that the printed silver mesh which can act as transparent electrodes shows high conductivity (1.48 Ω/sq) and excellent transmittance (82.88%). The practical viability of the prepared nano-silver paste is successfully demonstrated with a deicing test. Additionally, the experimental results show that the prepared silver mesh has excellent heating properties, which can be used as transparent heaters.

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Bhaskar, Umesh, Vikram Passi, Azeem Zulfiqar, Ulf Södervall, Bengt Nilsson, Goran Petersson, Mats Hagberg, Thomas Pardoen, and Jean Pierre Raskin. "On-Chip Tensile Testing of the Mechanical and Electro-Mechanical Properties of Nano-Scale Silicon Free-Standing Beams." Advanced Materials Research 276 (July 2011): 117–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.276.117.

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A simple and versatile on-chip tensile testing method is proposed for the statistical evaluation of size effects on the mechanical strength of silicon thin films along with the simultaneous study of (from low to ultra) strain effects on the carrier transport. Mechanical results are presented on the fracture strength of micro-nano scale silicon beams, followed with a discussion on interface states and problems facing reliable nano-electronic and nano-electromechanical characterizations.

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Zhou, Yong Hui, Xing Ai, Jun Zhao, Xun Liang Yuan, and Qiang Xue. "Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Al₂O₃/(W, Ti)C Nanocomposite." Key Engineering Materials 368-372 (February 2008): 717–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.368-372.717.

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The Al2O3/(W, Ti)C nanocomposite was fabricated by hot pressing technique at 1650-1700°C under 30MPa for 10min. The fracture toughness remarkably increased by adding nano-scale Al2O3 (11vol %) particles into Al2O3 matrix. The flexural strength, fracture toughness and Vickers hardness are 840 MPa, 6.55 MPa•m1/ 2 and 20.1 GPa, respectively. The microstructure of the nanocomposite is homogenous skeleton structure. Nano particles could refine matrix grains and lead to the crack deflection as well as branching and bridging. The coexistence of nano-scale Al2O3, micro-scale Al2O3 and (W, Ti)C can reduce the sintering temperature and sintering time as well as the grain size, and improve the densification and mechanical properties of materials.

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35

Chyzy, Adam, Monika Tomczykowa, and Marta E. Plonska-Brzezinska. "Hydrogels as Potential Nano-, Micro- and Macro-Scale Systems for Controlled Drug Delivery." Materials 13, no. 1 (January 2, 2020): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma13010188.

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This review is an extensive evaluation and essential analysis of the design and formation of hydrogels (HGs) for drug delivery. We review the fundamental principles of HGs (their chemical structures, physicochemical properties, synthesis routes, different types, etc.) that influence their biological properties and medical and pharmaceutical applications. Strategies for fabricating HGs with different diameters (macro, micro, and nano) are also presented. The size of biocompatible HG materials determines their potential uses in medicine as drug carriers. Additionally, novel drug delivery methods for enhancing treatment are discussed. A critical review is performed based on the latest literature reports.

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Kim, Y., A. Y. Abuelfilat, S. P. Hoo, A. Al-Abboodi, B. Liu, Tuck Ng, P. Chan, and J. Fu. "Tuning the surface properties of hydrogel at the nanoscale with focused ion irradiation." Soft Matter 10, no. 42 (2014): 8448–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c4sm01061b.

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With the site-specific machining capability of Focused Ion Beam (FIB) irradiation, we aim to tailor the surface morphology and physical attributes of biocompatible hydrogel at the nano/micro scale particularly for tissue engineering and other biomedical studies.

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37

Moulahi, A., and F. Sediri. "Pencil-like zinc oxide micro/nano-scale structures: Hydrothermal synthesis, optical and photocatalytic properties." Materials Research Bulletin 48, no. 10 (October 2013): 3723–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.materresbull.2013.05.116.

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KIM, Doo-In, Duc-Thuan VU, Tengfei ZHANG, Minghan LI, Lu SHEN, Xiaobing ZHOU, Myung Yung JEONG, et al. "Transition in micro/nano-scale mechanical properties of ZrO2/multi-wall carbon nanotube composites." Journal of the Ceramic Society of Japan 122, no. 1432 (2014): 1028–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.2109/jcersj2.122.1028.

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Zhu, Min, Yufei Mo, Wenjie Zhao, and Mingwu Bai. "Micro/macrotribological properties of several nano-scale ionic liquid films on modified silicon wafers." Surface and Interface Analysis 41, no. 3 (March 2009): 205–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sia.3007.

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Jin, Kan, and Cao Wei. "A Micro-Fracture Model and its Application in Hardened Cement Paste." Advanced Composites Letters 25, no. 2 (March 2016): 096369351602500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/096369351602500204.

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A micro-fracture model is presented to investigate mechanics properties of porous media such as cement paste on basis of micromechanics theory and fracture theory. Relationships between mechanics properties of porous media and the parameters of pores such as shape, size, and porosity are analysed by this model. Calculation results show that, to a hypothetic porous media with same porosity, the ultimate strength and elastic properties are reduced with an increase of average pore diameter. Nano-scale pores have little effect on the ultimate strength of this porous media while the micron-scale pores have great effect on it. The stress-strain relationship of this porous media with the micron-scaled pores is nonlinear obviously. The results also show that the ultimate strength and elastic properties of the porous media are reduced with an increase of the porosity and shape parameter. Mechanics properties of a cement paste with water cement ratio of 0.5 are tested. The calculation results from the model are in agreement with the experimental results.

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Liu, Han Lian, Chuan Zhen Huang, Xin Ying Teng, and Hui Wang. "New Thought for Designing the Multi-Phase and Multi-Scale Nanocomposite Ceramic Tool Materials." Key Engineering Materials 359-360 (November 2007): 329–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.359-360.329.

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The new thought for designing the multi-phase and multi-scale nanocomposites was proposed to improve the comprehensive mechanical properties. Multi-phase and multi-scale particles are added to the matrix, and one of the additives is nano-scale particle, thus the comprehensive mechanical properties can be improved by the synergic effects of micro-scale toughening, nano-scale strengthening and mutual benefit between multi-phases. The ideal microstructure of multi-phase and multi-scale nanocomposites was designed. With this microstructure, the trans/intergranular fracture modes can be formed, which will consume more fracture energy during the crack propagation, therefore, both the flexural strength and fracture toughness can be improved. An advanced ceramic tool material has been fabricated based on this new thought.

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Arefi, Mohammad, Masoud Kiani, and Ashraf M. Zenkour. "Size-dependent free vibration analysis of a three-layered exponentially graded nano-/micro-plate with piezomagnetic face sheets resting on Pasternak’s foundation via MCST." Journal of Sandwich Structures & Materials 22, no. 1 (September 29, 2017): 55–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1099636217734279.

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The present work is devoted to the free vibration analysis of elastic three-layered nano-/micro-plate with exponentially graded core and piezomagnetic face-sheets using the modified couple stress theory. To capture size-dependency for a nano-/micro-sized rectangular plate, the couple stress theory is used as a non-classical continuum theory. The rectangular elastic three-layered nano-/micro-plate is resting on Pasternak’s foundation. The present model contains one material length scale parameter and can capture the size effect. Material properties of the core are supposed to vary along the thickness direction based on the exponential function. The governing equations of motion are derived from Hamilton’s principle based on the modified couple stress theory and first-order shear deformation theory. The analytical solution is presented to solve seven governing equations of motion using Navier’s solution. Eventually the natural frequency is scrutinized for different side length ratio, thickness ratio, inhomogeneity parameter, material length scale, and parameters of foundation numerically.

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43

Wang, Jie, Daniel Adami, Bo Lu, Chuntai Liu, Abderrahim Maazouz, and Khalid Lamnawar. "Multiscale Structural Evolution and Its Relationship to Dielectric Properties of Micro-/Nano-Layer Coextruded PVDF-HFP/PC Films." Polymers 12, no. 11 (November 5, 2020): 2596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym12112596.

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An understanding of the structural evolution in micro-/nano-layer co-extrusion process is essential to fabricate high-performance multilayered products. Therefore, in this work, we reveal systematically the multiscale structural development, involving both the layer architecture and microstructure within layers of micro-/nano-layer coextruded polymer films, as well as its relationship to dielectric properties, based on poly(vinylidene fluoride-co-hexafluoropropylene) (PVDF-HFP)/polycarbonate (PC) system. Interestingly, layer architecture and morphology show strong dependences on the nominal layer thicknesses. Particularly, with layer thickness reduced to nanometer scale, interfacial instabilities triggered by viscoelastic differences between components emerge with the creation of micro-droplets and micro-sheets. Films show an enhanced crystallization with the formation of two-dimensional (2D) spherulites in microlayer coextruded systems and the oriented in-plane lamellae in nanolayer coextruded counterparts, where layer breakup in the thinner layers further changes the crystallization behaviors. These macro- and microscopic structures, developed from the co-extrusion process, substantially influence the dielectric properties of coextruded films. Mechanism responsible for dielectric performance is further proposed by considering these effects of multiscale structure on the dipole switching and charge hopping in the multilayered structures. This work clearly demonstrates how the multiscale structural evolution during the micro-/nano-layer coextrusion process can control the dielectric properties of multilayered products.

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Wang, Wen Yi, Guo Quan Wang, Xiao Fei Zeng, Ji Rui Song, and Jian Feng Chen. "Study on the Micro Structure and Mechanical Properties of Nano-CaCO₃/ABS Composites." Solid State Phenomena 121-123 (March 2007): 1459–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.121-123.1459.

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The nano-CaCO3/Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene (ABS) composites were prepared by melting-blend with the single-screw extruder. The mechanical properties of the nanocomposites and the dispersion of nano-CaCO3 were investigated by means of transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and mechanical tests. The micro structure of the fracture section of the nanocomposites was analyzed by means of scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The results show that not only the impact property but also the rigidity property and the bending modulus of the system have been increased evidently by added modificated nano-CaCO3. However, the tensile strength of the nano-composites has a little decreased by added the modificated nano- CaCO3. The modificated nano-CaCO3 has been dispersed well in the matrix in the nanometer scale. The micro structure of the fracture section of the nanocomposites proved that when the composites have been impacted, the modificated nano-CaCO3 particles have taken an action of initiating and terminating crazing (silver streak), which can absorb more impact energy than the pure ABS resin. Compared with the pure ABS resin material, the notched impact strength of the nano-CaCO3/ABS composites added 2 percent hundred resin (PHR) modificated nano-CaCO3 reach 36.77 kJ/m2, which have been increased up to 44%. At the same time, the rigidity of the nanocomposites has also been enhanced by 23.5% which is increased from 28.16N to 34.87 N.

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Ferraris, Sara, Fernando Warchomicka, Jacopo Barberi, Andrea Cochis, Alessandro Scalia, and Silvia Spriano. "Contact Guidance Effect and Prevention of Microfouling on a Beta Titanium Alloy Surface Structured by Electron-Beam Technology." Nanomaterials 11, no. 6 (June 2, 2021): 1474. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano11061474.

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Nano- and micro-structuring of implantable materials constitute a promising approach to introduce mechanical contact guidance effect, drive cells colonization, as well as to prevent bacteria adhesion and biofilm aggregation, through antifouling topography. Accordingly, this paper aims to extend the application of e-beam surface texturing and nano-structuring to the beta titanium alloys, which are of great interest for biomedical implants because of the low Young modulus and the reduction of the stress shielding effect. The paper shows that surface texturing on the micro-scale (micro-grooves) is functional to a contact guidance effect on gingival fibroblasts. Moreover, nano-structuring, derived from the e-beam surface treatment, is effective to prevent microfouling. In fact, human fibroblasts were cultivated directly onto grooved specimens showing to sense the surface micro-structure thus spreading following the grooves’ orientation. Moreover, Staphylococcus aureus colonies adhesion was prevented by the nano-topographies in comparison to the mirror-polished control, thus demonstrating promising antifouling properties. Furthermore, the research goes into detail to understand the mechanism of microfouling prevention due to nano-topography and microstructure.

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Kalhori, Hamid, Raheb Bagherpour, Mohammad Amir Akhlaghi, Sayed Mohsen Mirdamadi, and Mehdi Nasiri Sarvi. "LABORATORY TESTS ON THE STRENGTHENING OF WET-MIX SHOTCRETE LINING WITH THE USE OF NANOMATERIALS." Rudarsko-geološko-naftni zbornik 36, no. 1 (2021): 49–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.17794/rgn.2021.1.5.

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Adding nanomaterials to concrete extends the size range of constituent particles well into nano-scale dimensions, which could help the compacting of particles in cement-based materials. Regarding the differences between shotcrete and cast concrete, in this study, the properties of shotcrete with nano and micro-silica and nano-clay were experimentally studied. The micro and nanomaterials have been added at different percentages (6%, 9%, and 12%) to a shotcrete paste. The comparison was based on the uniaxial compressive strength, flexural strength, tensile strength, and porosity tests of different specimens. The results indicated that the maximum increase in compressive, flexural, and tensile strengths of shotcrete was related to 12% nano-SiO2, while for 12% nano-clay, all of these strengths were decreased at 28 days. The optimum percentage for shotcrete substitution by nano-clay was established to be 6%. Also, the application of the nanomaterials led to a decrease in the water absorption and porosity of shotcrete. Eventually, the results revealed that the improvement of mechanical properties by the introduction of the nanomaterials in shotcrete could be satisfactory.

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WILKOWSKI, JACEK, MAREK BARLAK, JOANNA WACHOWICZ, ROMAN BOTTGER, and ZBIGNIEW WERNER. "Nano-scale hardness and elastic modulus of WC-Co composites and their relationship to the tools life during particleboard milling." Annals of WULS, Forestry and Wood Technology 106 (January 15, 2019): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0013.7738.

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Nano-scale hardness and elastic modulus of WC-Co composites and their relationship to the tool life during particleboards milling. The paper summarizes the results of the technique of hardness and elastic modulus determination using a load and displacement sensing indentation experiments. During the tests these properties were measured in nano-scale for different types of WC-Co composites using the Anton Paar TriTec Ultra Nano Hardness Tester (UNHT). In addition, durability examination of WC-Co tools during milling of particleboard was carried out. In the final stage, the correlation of the studied properties with the lifetime of tools was analyzed. The studies have revealed a relationship between micro-hardness and the total cutting length of the WC-Co tools.

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Adams, George G., Sinan Mu¨ftu¨, and Nazif Mohd Azhar. "A Scale-Dependent Model for Multi-Asperity Contact and Friction." Journal of Tribology 125, no. 4 (September 25, 2003): 700–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.1573232.

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As loading forces decrease in applications such as MEMS and NEMS devices, the size of the asperity contacts which comprise the real contact area tend to decrease into the nano scale regime. This reduction in size of the contacts is only partially offset by the nominally increased smoothness of these contacting surfaces. Because the friction force depends on the real area of contact, it is important to understand how the material and topographical properties of surfaces contribute to friction forces at this nano scale. In this investigation, the single asperity nano contact model of Hurtado and Kim is incorporated into a multi-asperity model for contact and friction which includes the effect of asperity adhesion forces using the Maugis-Dugdale model. The model spans the range from nano-scale to micro-scale to macro-scale contacts. Three key dimensionless parameters have been identified which represent combinations of surface roughness measures, Burgers vector length, surface energy, and elastic properties. Results are given for the friction coefficient versus normal force, the normal and friction forces versus separation, and the pull-off force for various values of these key parameters.

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Liao, Ning Bo. "Large-Scale Molecular Dynamics Modeling of a-SiO₂." Advanced Materials Research 602-604 (December 2012): 751–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.602-604.751.

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Silicon dioxide plays an important role in integrated circuits and microelectronics. However, the experiments have limitations in micro/nano-scale characterization of fracture properties at high temperatures. In this paper, the structural and fracture properties of amorphous silicon dioxide (a-SiO2) were studied at temperatures up to 1500K. The simulation results consist with the experiments on pair distribution functions, structure factor and angular distributions.

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Sumitomo, Taro, Hideki Kakisawa, Yusuke Owaki, and Yutaka Kagawa. "Structure of Natural Nano-Laminar Composites: TEM Observation of Nacre." Materials Science Forum 561-565 (October 2007): 713–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.561-565.713.

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Nacre is a natural composite material making up the inner structure of mollusk shells. It has been of great interest in materials research due to its mechanical properties far exceeding that of its individual components: well ordered plates of aragonite (a CaCO3 polymorph) within an organic polymer matrix. Generally the aragonite plates had been treated as single crystals and mechanical behavior explained as the result of micro-scale mechanisms between plates and matrix. However, recent work has shown that the plates themselves are made up of smaller nano-scale structures, which are also thought to contribute to the bulk properties. In this work, transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used to observe the nano-scale structure of nacre from abalone. “Nanograins” of aragonite surrounded by organic material was observed, showing composite structure within aragonite plates.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Micro/nano-scale properties'

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