Relevant bibliographies by topics / Micro refrigerator

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  1. Journal articles
  2. Dissertations / Theses
  3. Books
  4. Book chapters
  5. Conference papers

Academic literature on the topic 'Micro refrigerator'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 5 February 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Micro refrigerator"

1

Edelman, V. S. "An autonomous dilution micro refrigerator." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 150, no. 1 (February 1, 2009): 012011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/150/1/012011.

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Wang, Tuo, Feng Wu, Jin Hua Fei, and Ming Fang Liu. "Thermodynamic Performance of an Actual Thermo-Acoustic Refrigeration Micro-Cycle." Advanced Materials Research 614-615 (December 2012): 64–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.614-615.64.

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Thermo-acoustic refrigerator is a new type of engine, which is based on the thermo-acoustic effect. A new model which expresses as an ellipse in pressure-volume diagram is established to investigate the thermodynamic performance of an actual thermo-acoustic refrigeration micro-cycle. The demarcation points of endothermic processes and exothermic processes in the actual micro-cycle are found. The analytic expressions of the dimensionless cooling load and the coefficient of performance (COP) are deduced. The relationship between the dimensionless cooling load and the COP are investigated by numerical examples. The results show that the dimensionless cooling load is a monotonically increasing function of the COP and the pressure amplitude.
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Nie, Wenjie, Jizhou He, and Xian He. "A micro-/nanothermosize refrigerator and its performance analysis." Journal of Applied Physics 103, no. 11 (June 2008): 114909. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.2937256.

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Dang, Linh Tuan, Tung Huu Dang, Thao Thi Thu Nguyen, Thuat Tran Nguyen, Hue Minh Nguyen, Tuyen Viet Nguyen, and Hung Quoc Nguyen. "Thermoelectric Micro-Refrigerator Based on Bismuth/Antimony Telluride." Journal of Electronic Materials 46, no. 6 (March 9, 2017): 3660–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11664-017-5343-x.

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5

Jeong, Sangkwon. "How difficult is it to make a micro refrigerator?" International Journal of Refrigeration 27, no. 3 (May 2004): 309–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijrefrig.2003.11.004.

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6

EDELMAN, V. "Operation of a dilution refrigerator in a micro mode." Physica B: Condensed Matter 329-333 (May 2003): 1574–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0921-4526(02)02300-1.

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Arena, G., M. G. Castellano, R. Leoni, G. Torrioli, and P. Carelli. "Sub-Micron Normal-Insulator-Superconductor Tunnel Junctions for Sensitive Thermometry and Micro-Refrigerators." International Journal of Modern Physics B 13, no. 09n10 (April 20, 1999): 1241–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0217979299001247.

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We report on measurements of normal-insulator-superconductor tunnel junctions at temperatures below 1K. The junctions have been fabricated by shadow mask technique and e-beam lithography and have submicron dimensions. The measurements on our junctions show that their characteristics are very sensitive to temperature changes making them suitable to be used as a sensitive secondary thermometer. To demonstrate this we use this tunnel structure for sensing the electron temperature drop in a copper strip of an electronic micro-refrigerator, that was made by arrays of tunnel junctions, as well.
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SAITO, Hisao, and Tetsuo HASHIMURA. "Centennial Review of Refrigerator, Rice Cooker and Micro Wave Oven." Journal of the Society of Mechanical Engineers 100, no. 939 (1997): 151–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmemag.100.939_151.

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9

He, Jing, Jianghong Wu, Hangye Zhang, Yaokang Zhang, and Biwang Lu. "Numerical simulation of a fully solid-state micro-unit regeneration magnetic refrigerator with micro Peltier elements." Applied Thermal Engineering 186 (March 2021): 116545. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2021.116545.

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NISHIDA, Hiroshi, Takao KOSHIMIZU, and Daisaku KASAO. "809 Numerical Analysis of the Regenerative Heat Exchanger for a Micro-Refrigerator." Proceedings of Conference of Kyushu Branch 2010.63 (2010): 293–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmekyushu.2010.63.293.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro refrigerator"

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Yildiz, Seyfettin. "Design And Simulation Of A Vapor Compression Refrigeration Cycle For A Micro Refrigerator." Master's thesis, METU, 2010. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12612133/index.pdf.

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Cooling of electronic equipments has become an important issue as the advances in technology enabled the fabrication of very small devices. The main challenge in cooling is the space limitation. The use of miniature refrigerators seems to be a solution alternative for the cooling problem. The objective of this study is to design and simulate a vapor compression refrigeration cycle for a micro-scale refrigerator. A MATLAB code is developed for the simulations. The four components of the refrigerator, namely, the condenser, evaporator, compressor and the capillary tube are designed separately. The cycle is successfully completed nearly at the same point where it begins. The cold space temperature, ambient air temperature, condensation and evaporation temperatures, and the evaporator heat load are the predetermined parameters. A fan is used to cool the condenser, and the compressor is selected as isentropic. R-134A is selected as the refrigerant and a simple interpolation code is developed to obtain the thermophysical properties of R-134A. The original design is carried out with an isentropic compressor. For the purpose of comparison, a cycle with a polytropic compressor is also considered. Similarly, two alternative designs for the evaporator are developed and simulated. A second law analysis is performed at the end of the study.
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Souza, Sérgio Turano de. "O detector de ondas gravitacionais Mario Schenberg: uma antena eférica criogênica com transdutores paramétricos de cavidade fechada." Universidade de São Paulo, 2012. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/43/43134/tde-24042012-143218/.

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A existência de ondas gravitacionais foi confirmada indiretamente pela observação astronômica de pulsares binários. Detectores de ondas gravitacionais tem sido desenvolvidos desde o trabalho pioneiro de Weber nos anos 60. Esforços estão sendo realizados no sentido de aumentar a sensibilidade dos detectores e realizar uma detecção direta, que ainda não foi confirmada. O Grupo GRAVITON está aperfeiçoando e melhorando a sensibilidade de um detector de ondas gravitacionais que se encontra no Laboratório de Estado Sólido e Baixas Temperaturas do Instituto de Física da Universidade de São Paulo (LESBT/IFUSP), na cidade de São Paulo com apoio da FAPESP (processo 2006/56041-3). Esse detector, denominado MARIO SCHENBERG, é composto por uma massa ressonante esférica de CuAl(6%) com 65 cm de diâmetro, com aproximadamente 1150 kg, que deverá atingir a sensibilidade h ~ 10-22 em uma banda passante de 50 Hz, em torno de 3200 Hz, quando estiver operando a temperaturas da ordem de 0,05 K. Atualmente o detector já tem toda a sua infraestrutura criogênica montada e testada para resfriamentos a 4 K e toda a suspensão da esfera bem como todo o sistema de filtragem mecânica construídos e montados. Já foram realizadas as primeiras corridas comissionadas em 2006, 2007 e 2008, quando foram realizados vários diagnósticos sobre o sistema e desde então vem sendo desenvolvidos os transdutores para colocar o detector novamente em operação com melhor sensibilidade. Paralelamente, foram realizadas melhorias no próprio detector em razão dos diagnósticos realizados. O trabalho aqui apresentado está associado ao projeto acima. O autor desenvolveu atividades associadas à construção e desenvolvimentos do detector, que podem ser divididas em três partes principais: na parte mecânica, foi desenvolvido, instalado e testado um novo sistema de isolamento vibracional da suspensão da esfera; na parte criogênica foram feitas novas conexões térmicas, cálculos de gastos de hélio líquido e feitos desenvolvimentos para o funcionamento do refrigerador por diluição; e na parte eletrônica foi feita a instalação da eletrônica responsável pela transdução do sinal, além do desenvolvimento de um novo par de antenas de microfita.
The existence of gravitational waves has been confirmed indirectly by astronomical observation of binary pulsars. Gravitational wave detectors have been developed since the pioneering work of Weber in the 60s. Efforts are being made to increase the sensitivity of the detectors and perform a direct detection, wich has not been confirmed yet. The GRAVITON Group is enhancing and improving the sensitivity of a gravitational wave detector which is at the Laboratório de Estado Sólido e Baixas Temperaturas of the Instituto de Física of the Universidade de São Paulo (LESBT / IFUSP), in São Paulo city and is supported by FAPESP (processo 2006/56041-3). This detector, called MARIO SCHENBERG, consists of a spherical resonant mass of CuAl (6%) with 65 cm in diameter, and approximately 1150 kg, which should reach the sensitivity of h ~ 10-22 in a bandwidth of 50 Hz around 3200 Hz, when operating at temperatures of 0.05 K. Currently the detector already has all its infrastructure assembled and tested for cryogenic cooling down to 4 K and the whole suspension of the sphere as well as all mechanical isolation system constructed and assembled. Commissioning runs have already been done in 2006, 2007 and 2008, when several diagnoses on the system were performed and since then there have been many developments on the transducers to put back the detector into operation with improved sensitivity. At the same time, improvements have been made within the detector itself due to the diagnoses. The work presented here is associated with the above project. The author has developed activities and developments associated with the detector construction, which can be divided into three main parts: the mechanical part, in which a new system of vibration isolation was designed for the sphere suspension, installed and tested; the cryogenic part, in which new connections and thermal calculations of liquid helium boil-off rate were made as well as other developments for the operation of a dilution refrigerator; and the electronic part, in which the installation of the electronic signal responsable for the transduction was made, besides the development of a new pair of micro-strip antenna.
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Zhang, Yan. "Design and characterization of micro-scale refrigerators and heaters /." Diss., Digital Dissertations Database. Restricted to UC campuses, 2005. http://uclibs.org/PID/11984.

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Guo, Dongzhi. "Design, Analysis, Modeling and Testing of a Micro-scale Refrigeration System." Research Showcase @ CMU, 2014. http://repository.cmu.edu/dissertations/450.

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Chip scale refrigeration system is critical for the development of electronics with the rapid increase of power consumption and substantial reduction of device size, resulting in an emergent demand on novel cooling technologies with a high efficiency for the thermal management. In this thesis, active refrigeration devices based on Stirling cycle and an electrocaloric material, are designed and investigated to achieve a high cooling performance. Firstly, a new Stirling micro-refrigeration system composed of arrays of silicon MEMS cooling elements is designed and evaluated. The cooling elements are fabricated in a stacked array on a silicon wafer. A regenerator is placed between the compression (hot side) and expansion (cold side) diaphragms, which are driven electrostatically. Under operating conditions, the hot and cold diaphragms oscillate sinusoidally and out of phase such that heat is extracted to the expansion space and released from the compression space. A first-order of thermodynamic analysis is performed to study the effect of geometric parameters. Losses due to regenerator non-idealities and chamber heat transfer limitation are estimated. A multiphysics computational approach for analyzing the system performance that considers compressible flow and heat transfer with a large deformable mesh is demonstrated. The optimal regenerator porosity for the best system COP (coefficient of performance) is identified. To overcome the computational complexity brought about by the fine pillar structure in the regenerator, a porous medium model is used to allow for modeling of a full element. The analysis indicates the work recovery of the system and the diaphragm actuation are main challenges for this cooler design.The pressure drop and friction factor of gas flow across circular silicon micro pillar arrays fabricated by deep reactive ion etch (DRIE) process are investigated. A new correlation that considers the coupled effect of pillar spacing and aspect ratio, is proposed to predict the friction factor in a Reynolds v number range of 1-100. Silicon pillars with large artificial roughness amplitudes is also fabricated, and the effect of the roughness is studied in the laminar flow region. The significant reduction of pressure drop and friction factor indicates that a large artificial roughness could be built for pillar arrays in the regenerator to enhance the micro-cooler efficiency. The second option is to develop a fluid-based refrigeration system using an electrocaloric material poly(vinylidene fluoride-trifluoroethylene-chlorofluoroethylene) [P(VDF-TrFE-CFE)] terpolymer. Each cooling element includes two diaphragm actuators fabricated in the plane of a silicon wafer, which drive a heat transfer fluid back and forth across terpolymer layers that are placed between them. Finite element simulations with an assumption of sinusoidal diaphrahm motions are conducted to explore the system performance detailedly, including the effects of the applied electric field, geometric dimensions, operating frequency and externally-applied temperature span. Multiphysics modeling coupled with solid-fluid interaction, heat transfer, electrostatics, porous medium and moving mesh technique is successfully performed to verify the thermal modeling feasibility. The electrocaloric effect in thin films of P(VDF-TrFE-CFE) terpolymer is directly measured by infrared imaging at ambient conditions. At an electric field of 90 V/μm, an adiabatic temperature change of 5.2 °C is obtained and the material performance is stable over a long testing period. These results suggest that application of this terpolymer is promising for micro-scale refrigeration.
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LOPES, Arthur Vinicius Lago. "Micro-organismos indicadores e caracterização de Escherichia coli isoladas de leite cru refrigerado." Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, 2018. http://www.tede2.ufrpe.br:8080/tede2/handle/tede2/7504.

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The storage of food at low temperatures is the most widely used form of preservation in the production and distribution of fresh food. The practice of storing raw milk refrigerated at the source of production was instituted by the Ministry of Agriculture, Livestock and Food Supply (MAPA) in 2002, aiming to reduce the losses due to the acidifying action of mesophiles. The research of contaminating microorganisms allows the identification of the flaws that lead to the proliferation of these bacterial groups with consequent loss of product quality, and allows the adoption of control measures in order to meet the standards established by the legislation. The objective was to determine the microbiological quality of raw milk from 12 farms located in Pernambuco, Brazil, through quantification of mesophiles and coliforms, which are the micro-organisms of choice for quality control of refrigerated raw milk, whose maximum amounts are established in the current legislation. After quantification and establishment of the cooling effect, 80 isolates of these microorganisms were stocked and passed through molecular tests for genotypic identification of the Escherichia coli strain O157: H7 species. Refrigeration for 24 hours did not interfere with microbial proliferation (P≥0.05) and E. coli O157: H7 was not identified. It is concluded that the milk produced in the properties of three municipalities that compose the milk basin of the state of Pernambuco presents low microbiological quality, which can result in harm to the producers.
O armazenamento de alimentos a baixas temperaturas é a forma de conservação mais utilizada na produção e distribuição de alimentos frescos. A prática de estocagem do leite cru refrigerado na fonte de produção foi instituída pelo Ministério da Agricultura, Pecuária e Abastecimento - MAPA em 2002, visando reduzir as perdas por ação acidificante de mesófilos. A pesquisa de micro-organismos contaminantes permite a identificação das falhas que levam a proliferação desses grupos bacterianos com consequente perda da qualidade do produto, e possibilita a adoção de medidas de controle de forma a atender os padrões estabelecidos pela legislação. Objetivou-se determinar a qualidade microbiológica do leite cru de 12 propriedades localizadas no agreste pernambucano, por meio de quantificação de mesófilos e coliformes, que são os micro-organismos indicadores de eleição para o controle da qualidade do leite cru refrigerado, cujo as quantidades máximas permitidas são estabelecidas na legislação vigente. Após a quantificação e o estabelecimento do efeito da refrigeração, 80 isolados desses micro-organismos foram estocados e passaram por testes moleculares para identificação genotípica da espécie Escherichia coli cepa O157:H7. A refrigeração por 24 horas não interferiu na proliferação microbiana (P≥0,05) e a E. coli O157:H7 não foi identificada. Conclui-se que o leite produzido nas propriedades de três municípios que compõem a bacia leiteira do estado de Pernambuco apresenta baixa qualidade microbiológica, o que pode resultar em prejuízo aos produtores.
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Gowreesan, Vamadevan. "Process-structure-property relationship of micro-channel tube for CO₂ climate control systems." Ohio : Ohio University, 2004. http://www.ohiolink.edu/etd/view.cgi?ohiou1107891543.

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Cortezi, Alessandra Maria. "Condições higiênico-sanitárias e de manejo de rebanhos leiteiros correlacionados à qualidade do leite cru refrigerado /." Jaboticabal, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/122073.

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Orientador: Ana Maria Centola Vidal Martins
Coorientador: Karina Paes Bürger
Banca: Arlindo Saran Netto
Banca: Angela Cleusa de Fátima Banzatto de Carvalho
Resumo: O objetivo do presente trabalho foi de avaliar 10 propriedades, produtoras de leite cru refrigerado, localizadas no Sudeste do Estado de São Paulo, quanto ás condições higiênico-sanitárias do rebanho bem como o manejo; e correlacionar á qualidade do leite produzido por cada uma delas com o estabelecido pela IN62 de 2011. Foi aplicado um checklist, foi avaliado o índice de mastite clínica e subclínica e identificados os micro-organismos envolvidos e seu perfil de sensibilidade á antimicrobianos, assim como analisados os parâmetros físicoquímicos, de Contagem de Células Somáticas (CCS) e microbiológicos estabelecidos pela legislação vigente. Após a aplicação do checklist era realizado o teste da caneca de fundo escuro e o California Mastits Tests (CMT), e colhidas amostras dos quartos positivos em tubos estéreis para isolamento microbiológico. As amostras de leite colhidas dos tanques de expansão eram submetidas à CCS, Contagem Bacteriana Total (CBT) e a análise de composição. Dos 1280 quartos mamários avaliados, 43,67% foram positivos ao CMT, caracterizando mastite subclínica e 2,89% dos quartos positivos ao teste da caneca de fundo escuro caracterizando mastite clínica. O Staphylococcus aureus foi o micro-organismo mais isolado, sendo que nos casos de mastite clínica ele representou 64,86%, seguido de S. epidermidis com 18,91% e 2,70% de S. intermedius. Nos casos de mastite subclínica o S. aureus foi isolado de 73,60% dos quartos analisados, seguido de S. epidermidis com 16,57%, Corynebacterium sp. com 3,66%, S. dysgalactiae com 3,08%, S. intermedius com 1,93%, Bacillus sp. com 0,58% e Enterococcus sp. com 0,59%. No teste de sensibilidade antimicrobiana, in vitro, o Florfenicol foi o antimicrobiano, do qual os micro-organismos isolados nos casos de mastite clínica apresentaram maior sensibilidade. Das 10 propriedades produtoras de leite sete apresentaram valores superiores ao de 500 mil céls./mL para ...
Abstract: The objective this study was to assay 10 dairy farms that produce refrigerated raw milk, located in the southeastern of São Paulo State, on the hygenicsanitary conditions and management of the herd and, if possible, to correlate the quality of the milk produced with the standards recommended by IN62. For this, a checklist was applied together with the assessment of the rate of clinical and subclinical mastitis, identification of the microorganisms involved and their sensitivity to antimicrobials. The microbiological, physical-chemical and SCC parameters were also analyzed according to the established by law. Following application of the checklist,test of the black deep mugand CMT were performed and samples from the positive mammary quarters were collected in sterile tubes for microbiological isolation. Bulk tank milk samples were submitted to SCC, TBC and composition analysis. From 1280 mammary quarters evaluated, 43.67% were positive for the CMT, characterizing subclinical mastitis; and 2.89%, in the test of the black deep mug, characterizing clinical mastitis. Staphylococcus aureus was the most frequently isolated microorganism, and in cases of clinical mastitis, represented 64.86% of all positive samples, followed by S. epidermidis 18.91% and S. intermedius 2.70%. In cases of subclinical mastitis, S. aureus was isolated from 73.60% of the quarters examined, followed by S. epidermidis 16.57%, Corynebacterium sp. 3.66%, S. dysgalactiae 3.08%, S. intermedius 1.93%, Enterococcus sp. 0.59% and Bacillus sp. 0.58%. Regarding the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility test, florfenicol was the antibiotic to which the microorganisms isolated in clinical mastitis cases showed higher sensitivity. Of the 10 farms milk producers seven had values higher than the 500,000 cels. / mL for SCC in relation to that established by IN62, but for TBC and protein, all attended the set of at least 300,000 CFU / mL and 2.9 g / 100g, respectively, but for ...
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Lima, Luiz Henrique Pinheiro de. "An?lise do desempenho de um refrigerador dom?stico funcionando com uma v?lvula de expans?o microm?trica." Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Norte, 2015. http://repositorio.ufrn.br/handle/123456789/20603.

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Os refrigeradores de uso dom?stico s?o equipamentos que apresentam uma parcela significativa do consumo de energia el?trica nas resid?ncias brasileiras. O uso destes equipamentos com baixa efici?ncia energ?tica contribui para o aumento do consumo de energia. A efici?ncia energ?tica de um refrigerador ? fun??o da intera??o o fluido refrigerante e os componentes do ciclo termodin?mico. Altera??es na carga e/ou natureza do refrigerante podem modificar as press?es de condensa??o e/ou evapora??o. A capacidade volum?trica do compressor, a vaz?o m?ssica de refrigerante e a pot?ncia de compress?o s?o par?metros dependentes das press?es de evapora??o e condensa??o. Assim, os dispositivos de expans?o exercem um papel importante no equil?brio destas press?es, sendo fundamentais para o melhor desempenho do ciclo de refrigera??o. A presente pesquisa experimental tem como prop?sito investigar a sensibilidade dos par?metros de desempenho de um refrigerador dom?stico operando com R134a e em diferentes press?es de evapora??o. Para tanto, um refrigerador de pequeno porte foi instrumentado com sensores de temperatura, de press?o e de outras vari?veis de interesse, instalados ao longo do circuito frigor?fico, de modo a permitir o mapeamento t?rmico e a avalia??o dos par?metros de desempenho do equipamento. A varia??o da perda de carga no fluido refrigerante resultante da atua??o da v?lvula de expans?o de ajuste microm?trico modifica a temperatura de evapora??o, influenciando sensivelmente os par?metros de desempenho do ciclo termodin?mico de refrigera??o.
Household refrigerators are equipments that represent a significant portion on the eletricity consumption of Brazilian homes. The use of these devices with low energy efficiency contributes to increase the energy consumption. The energy efficiency of a refrigerator is a function of the interaction between the coolant fluid and the components of the thermodynamic cycle. Changes in load and/or nature of the coolant may modify the condensing and/or evaporation pressures. The volumetric capacity of the compressor, the mass flow of coolant and the compression power are dependent parameters of the condensation and evaporation pressures. Thus, the expansion devices exert an importante role in the balance of these pressures, being fundamental for the better performance of the refrigeration cycle. This experimental research aims to investigate the sensitivity of the performance parameters of a household refrigerator operating with R134a and at different evaporation pressures. Therefore, a small refrigerator was instrumented with temperature, pressure sensors and other variables of interest, installed along the cooling circuit, in order to allow the thermal mapping and the evaluation of the equipment performance parameters. The variation of pressure loss in the coolant fluid resulting from the operation of the expansion valve with micrometric adjustment that modifies the evaporation temperature, influencing significantly the performance parameters of the thermodynamic refrigeration cycle.
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Cha, Jeesung Jeff. "Hydrodynamic Parameters of Micro Porous Media for Steady and Oscillatory Flow: Application to Cryocooler Regenerators." Diss., Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092007-194225/.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Jeremy P. Harvey, Committee Member ; Carl S. Kirkconnell, Committee Member ; Kurt D. Pennell, Committee Member ; S. Mostafa Ghiaasiaan, Committee Chair ; Prateen V. Desai, Committee Member ; Sheldon M. Jeter, Committee Member.
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Clearman, William M. "Measurement and correlation of directional permeability and Forchheimer's inertial coefficient of micro porous structures used in pulse tube cryocoolers." Thesis, Available online, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2007, 2007. http://etd.gatech.edu/theses/available/etd-07092007-111541/.

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Thesis (M. S.)--Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008.
Kirkconnell, Carl S., Committee Member ; Ghiaasiaan, S. Mostafa, Committee Chair ; Desai, Prateen V., Committee Member ; Jeter, Sheldon M., Committee Member.
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Books on the topic "Micro refrigerator"

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International Institute of Refrigeration. Commission B2., ed. Advances in refrigeration and heat pump technology achieved by the application of micro-electronicsand the control of systems by micro-electronic devices: Proceedings of meetings of Commission B2, 3-7 September 1984. Paris: Institut international du froid, 1985.

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International Institute of Refrigeration. Commission B2., ed. Progrès dus à l'application de l'informatique dans les équipements frigorifiques et pompes à chaleur et régulation des systèmes par dispositifs micro-électroniques: Compte rendu des réunions de Commission B2 = Advances in refrigeration and heat pump technology achieved by the application of micro-electronics and the control of systems by micro-electronic devices : proceedings of meetings of Commission B2, 3-7 September 1984. Paris: Institut international du froid, 1985.

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Book chapters on the topic "Micro refrigerator"

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Izumi, H., S. Harada, K. Matsubara, and S. Saito. "Development of Small Size Claude Cycle Helium Refrigerator with Micro Turbo-Expander." In Advances in Cryogenic Engineering, 811–18. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-2213-9_91.

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Broughton, Chad. "“Esa es Mi Visión”." In Boom, Bust, Exodus. Oxford University Press, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199765614.003.0015.

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Laura Flora Oliveros woke at 5 a.m. and used water in a plastic tub to wash off. She then ate toast and drank watery coffee before leaving around 6 a.m. to make her 7 a.m. shift. On the micro, maquila workers, most of them in their 20s and 30s, usually kept to themselves as they headed to the factories. Sometimes Flora sold manualidades (handicrafts), like the vibrant carrot-orange crocheted dress she had recently finished, on the bus to work. She made them on her day off, Sunday, and had been teaching Laura Suarez how to embroider a tortilla warmer. She also sold lotions and perfumes for JAFRA—a multilevel marketing company along the lines of Amway—to other women on the assembly line. By 2007 a three-year veteran of Planta Maytag III, Flora continued to believe that her girls had a better chance in Reynosa than in Tierra Blanca. In any case, there was no looking back. Production had recently intensified at the refrigerator factory. They were working on a big order to ship across the Rio Grande to Home Depot. The feeling in the plant was one of utter exhaustion, Flora said. They had been producing mountains of scrap as a result. By this point Flora despised Maytag, but she hated scrap more. It was demoralizing, a sign of a collective failure. The Mexican refrigerator makers felt the same weird devotion to production that Galesburg workers displayed even in the final days of production there. At the end of good days, days when the lines ran continuously and little scrap was produced, they’d congratulate one another and go home a little happier. For weeks Flora had often been on her feet until 7:45 p.m. in steel-toed shoes, performing the same tasks over and over again. She had learned thirteen jobs at Planta III, all of them tedious, some of them hard. Overtime bonuses, her paystubs revealed, inflated her average hourly take-home pay to as high as $1.80 an hour, though it was more typical for her to earn around $1.35 in 2007.
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Belo, João H., Daniel J. da Silva, João Ventura, João P. Araújo, André M. Pereira, Ana L. Pires, and Joana Cassilda Rodrigues Espain de Oliveira. "Magnetic Refrigeration Materials at Micro-Scale." In Reference Module in Materials Science and Materials Engineering. Elsevier, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-803581-8.11792-8.

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Cliff, A. D., M. R. Smallman-Raynor, P. Haggett, D. F. Stroup, and S. B. Thacker. "Technical Changes: Technology and Industry." In Infectious Diseases: A Geographical Analysis. Oxford University Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199244737.003.0015.

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In this chapter, we examine the second of the five overlapping drivers of disease emergence and re-emergence shown in Figure II.1—technology and industry. Technological developments have yielded immeasurable benefits to society. In the field of medicine, for example, improvements in sanitation and hygiene, along with the widespread use of vaccines and antimicrobial drugs, have served to control and prevent the spread of infectious diseases. Likewise, improvements in intensive care, surgical techniques, cancer therapy, and therapies for other conditions have led to prolonged survival and an enhanced quality of life for many millions of people. But negative effects, too, have sometimes resulted from technological developments. Not least, such developments can provide, occasionally unwittingly, supportive environments for the proliferation and spread of pathogenic micro-organisms. Following Breiman (1996), Figure 5.1 identifies several key areas to these developments. The impact of technology on food production, distribution, and processing has had a substantial effect on the spread of infectious diseases, with potential contamination occurring at all stages of production and processing. The centralization of production and the increased international sourcing of foodstuffs has also had an impact on foodborne disease activity. In addition, current methods of storing foods have resulted in the emergence of foodborne pathogens; an example is provided by outbreaks of Listeria monocytogenes. This bacterium has been found in a variety of raw foods, such as uncooked meats and vegetables, as well as in processed foods that become contaminated after processing, such as soft cheeses and cold cuts from delicatessens, in unpasteurized (raw) milk, and in foods made from unpasteurized milk. Listeria thrives in refrigerated environments and, in its presence, widespread contamination of stored refrigerated food products can occur. Legionnaires’ disease is the paradigmatic disease associated with technological innovation, with cooling towers, evaporative condensers, whirlpools, spas, and showers providing temperatures which promote the survival and proliferation of the causative bacterium, Legionella pneumophila. Municipal water systems are efficient conduits for the dissemination of pathogenic micro-organisms. While most water supplies in developed countries are effectively treated in municipal water treatment facilities, the treatment may occasionally be ineffective owing to faulty procedures or the development of resistance of an organism to routine procedures.
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Conference papers on the topic "Micro refrigerator"

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Kohno, M., A. Tanabe, Y. Kuwamoto, H. Kubota, and Y. Takata. "Flexible Joule-Thomson Micro-Refrigerator." In ASME 2009 7th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2009-82215.

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In this study, a prototype flexible Joule-Thomson micro-refrigerator was fabricated and its cooling power was examined. The micro-refrigerator uses N2, C2H4 or CO2 as a working gas and it consists mainly of a heat exchanger and an evaporator. The outside diameter of the heat exchanger outer tube is 0.9 mm and that of the inner tube is 0.4 mm. The length of the heat exchanger is 450mm. The inner diameter of the evaporator capillary is 0.1 mm. A cooling power of 100 mW at an evaporator temperature of 277 K was attained for inlet and outlet gas (CO2) pressures of 5.0 MPa and 0.1 MPa, respectively. To understand the cooling performance, a numerical analysis of the heat exchanger has been done and the effects of mass flow rate and dimensions of the heat exchanger on temperature profiles and effectiveness were examined.
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Takata, Y., K. Sugahara, T. Tachikawa, S. Moroe, H. Kubota, M. Kohno, K. Takahashi, and T. Koshimizu. "Micro-Refrigerator Fabricated on Silicon Wafer." In ASME 2007 5th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icnmm2007-30108.

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A prototype Joule-Thomson micro-cooler was fabricated on silicon wafer by making use of photofabrication. The micro-cooler uses ethylene as a refrigerant and it consists mainly of heat exchanger and evaporator. The cooling power of 20mW at evaporator temperature of 272K was attained at the inlet and outlet gas pressures of 2.5MPa and 0.1MPa, respectively. To understand the low cooling performance, numerical analysis of heat exchanger has been done and the effects of mass flow rate and thermal conductivity of solid on temperature profiles and effectiveness were examined. It was found that the flow rate of present experiment is too large and the decrease in flow rate gives better temperature effectiveness of heat exchanger. It was also found that the low thermal conductivity of solid improves the performance of heat exchanger.
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Jung, Jeheon, and Sangkwon Jeong. "Chemically Etched Cryogenic Micro Structure Heat Exchanger." In ASME 2005 Summer Heat Transfer Conference collocated with the ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ht2005-72249.

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A tandem 4 K pulse tube refrigerator requires a recuperator to be fully accomplished. The recuperator should be a counter-flow heat exchanger which has micro heat-transfer structure like a regenerator of cryogenic refrigerators. However, the technology of such a heat exchanger is not well established yet. Hence, the development of a counter-flow compact heat exchanger with micro structure is demanded first in order to proceed to the recuperative 4 K pulse tube refrigerator. This paper describes the design, fabrication and preliminary performance test of such a heat exchanger. The stainless steel micro structure with approximately 0.1 mm characteristic length has been created by chemical etching. The parallel V-shape double-sided micro channels (chevron stucture) in the heat exchanger enable the flow to be three-dimensionally well mixed so that the heat transfer at low Reynolds number can be enhanced. The etched plates are stacked and bonded through a vacuum brazing process to compose a plate-type heat exchanger. The chemically etched micro-structure heat exchanger has thermal effectiveness of 97%.
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M., Rajkumar, and A. Rathinam. "Effective power sharing between Solar Refrigerator and DC Micro Grid." In 2018 IEEE International Conference on Power Electronics, Drives and Energy Systems (PEDES). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/pedes.2018.8707802.

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Wikus, P., J. S. Adams, Y. Bagdasarova, S. R. Bandler, W. B. Doriese, M. E. Eckart, E. Figueroa-Feliciano, et al. "THE ADIABATIC DEMAGNETIZATION REFRIGERATOR FOR THE MICRO-X SOUNDING ROCKET TELESCOPE." In TRANSACTIONS OF THE CRYOGENIC ENGINEERING CONFERENCE—CEC: Advances in Cryogenic Engineering. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3422413.

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Baek, Seungwhan, and Sangkwon Jeong. "Investigation of Two Phase Heat Transfer Coefficients of Cryogenic Mixed Refrigerants." In ASME 2013 4th International Conference on Micro/Nanoscale Heat and Mass Transfer. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/mnhmt2013-22150.

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Mixed Refrigerant Joule Thomson (MR-JT) refrigerators are widely used in various kinds of cryogenic systems these days. Although heat transfer coefficient estimation for a multiphase and multi-component fluid in cryogenic temperature range is necessarily required in the heat exchanger design of MR-JT refrigerator, it has been rarely discussed so far. In this paper, condensation and evaporation heat transfer coefficients of mixed refrigerant are measured in a microchannel heat exchanger. Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger (PCHE) has been developed as a compact microchannel heat exchanger and used in the experiment. Several two-phase heat transfer coefficient correlations are examined to discuss the experimental measurement results. The result of this paper shows that cryogenic mixed refrigerant heat transfer coefficients can be estimated by conventional two-phase heat transfer coefficient correlations.
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Chiriac, Victor, and Florea Chiriac. "An Alternative Method for the Cooling of Power Microelectronics Using Classical Refrigeration." In ASME 2005 Pacific Rim Technical Conference and Exhibition on Integration and Packaging of MEMS, NEMS, and Electronic Systems collocated with the ASME 2005 Heat Transfer Summer Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/ipack2005-73284.

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Classical refrigeration using vapor compression has been widely applied over the last decades to large-scale industrial systems, with few known applications to the microelectronics cooling field, due to the small size limitation. The present study proposes an efficient mechanical refrigeration system to actively cool the electronic components populating a Printed Circuit Board in High-Power Microelectronics System. The proposed system includes several miniaturized components — compressor, evaporator, condenser — part of a refrigeration system designed to fit the smaller scale power electronics. The system is thermally optimized to reach high COP (Coefficients of Performance). An array of micro-channels is used for the evaporator/condenser units. A previous study indicated that the R-134s refrigerant provides the best COP/feasibility ratio, while being the most suitable for microelectronics applications [1]. The present study develops an analytical model of the proposed small scale vapor compression refrigerator using the R-134a refrigerant. The refrigeration system is thermally optimized for cooling powers ranging from 20–100W, with the COP of the system reaching values up to 4.5. In the final section of the study, the efficiency of the proposed system is further compared to existing active cooling techniques using Thermoelectric Coolers (TEC). The advantages of the proposed system are highlighted, establishing a baseline performance vs. size relationship for vapor-compression refrigerators, to serve as the basis for comparison for future miniaturized refrigeration systems.
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Widyaparaga, Adhika, Masashi Kuwamoto, Naoya Sakoda, Masamichi Kohno, and Yasuyuki Takata. "Theoretical Study of a Flexible Wiretype Joule Thomson Micro-Refrigerator for Use in Cryosurgery." In ASME 2010 8th International Conference on Nanochannels, Microchannels, and Minichannels collocated with 3rd Joint US-European Fluids Engineering Summer Meeting. ASMEDC, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fedsm-icnmm2010-30127.

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We have developed a model capable of predicting the performance characteristics of a wiretype Joule-Thomson microcooler intended for use within a cryosurgical probe. Our objective was to be able to predict evaporator temperature, temperature distribution and cooling power using only inlet gas properties as input variables. To achieve this, the model incorporated changing gas properties due to heat transfer within the heat exchanger and isenthalpic expansion within the capillary. In consideration of inefficiencies, heat in-leak from free convection and radiation was also considered and the use of a 2D axisymmetric finite difference code allowed simulation of axial conduction. Two types of microcoolers differing in inner tube material, poly-ether-ether-ketone (PEEK) and stainless steel, were tested and simulated. CO2 was used as the coolant gas in the calculations and experimental trials for inlet pressures from 0.5 MPa to 2.0 MPa. Heat load trials of up to 550 mW along with unloaded trials were conducted. Comparisons to experiments show that the model was successfully able to obtain a good degree of accuracy. For the all PEEK microcooler in a vacuum using 2.0 MPa inlet pressure, the calculations predicted a temperature drop of 57 K and mass flow rate of 19.5 mg/s compared to measured values of 63 K and 19.4 mg/s therefore showing that conventional macroscale correlations can hold well for turbulent microscale flow and heat transfer as long as the validity of the assumptions is verified.
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Yoshida, Hideo, Yuhei Iwamoto, Akio Ueda, and Motohiro Saito. "Performance Evaluation of the Micro Cogeneration System Composed of Microturbine, Solid Oxide Fuel Cell, and H2O/LIBR Absorption Refrigerator." In ASME 2005 Power Conference. ASMEDC, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/pwr2005-50357.

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A micro cogeneration system composed of a microturbine (MGT), a solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) and an absorption refrigerator is analyzed thermodynamically. The performance analysis is conducted on the basis of the macroscopic mass and energy balances with additional empirical correlations and operating data. First, the basic characteristics of the power generation (MGT+SOFC) section and the absorption refrigerator section are clarified. Second, under the conditions of the cell temperature of 900 °C and the turbine inlet temperature of 900 °C, the optimum design points are determined. Furthermore, the energy saving obtained by the present system through the annual operation is also evaluated in the light of the measured data in Japan. As a result, the annual fuel consumptions are reduced by 32%, 36% and 42%, for apartments, offices and hotels, respectively.
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Tsukamoto, T., M. Esashi, and S. Tanaka. "Experimental estimation of cooling power of a solid state micro magnetic refrigerator using La(FexSi1−x)13Hy." In 2012 IEEE 25th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS). IEEE, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/memsys.2012.6170410.

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