Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Micro-résonateurs'
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Girault, Pauline. "Micro-résonateurs intégrés pour des applications capteurs." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016REN1S144/document.
Full textMicro-resonators have become key element for integrated optical sensor because they offer the advantage of significantly minimizing the device size, which allows an easily integration on lab-on-chip and greatly reduces the amount of molecules to be detected. Moreover, micro-resonators are extremely sensitive to the effective index variation induced by the presence of molecules in the detection medium. The thesis focuses on two different materials: polymers and porous silicon. Firstly, polymers, easily implementable with a low cost fabrication, are used to validate the simulation tools developed for the study of micro-resonators characteristics in order to perform sensing application based on the detection by evanescence. Then, porous silicon is investigated in order to operate another type of detection, the detection by volume. The molecules to be detected and present in the medium detection infiltrate into the material and interact directly with the light. Using simulation tools and by adapting the photolithographic process used for polymers micro-resonators fabrication, the first micro-resonators based on porous silicon ridge waveguides are obtained and characterized. The work contained in this thesis demonstrate experimentally the possibility of sensing concentrations of glucose with a sensitivity of 600 nm/RIU, using volume detection, which is higher than the state of the art, for domains using the sensing and analysis of molecules (health, food industries, security and environment)
Zermane, Aziza. "Contribution à l'étude et la faisabilité de micro-résonateurs en structure planaire." Phd thesis, Université Jean Monnet - Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00695553.
Full textGhisa, Laura. "Couplage de micro résonateurs. Applications aux fonctions optiques de traitement du signal." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00383746.
Full textDans une première partie nous présentons un modèle matriciel pour décrire la propagation de la lumière dans des structures à anneaux couplés. L'utilisation de ce modèle se résume pour des structures dont on connaît les coefficients de couplage entre les guides.
Dans le cas de résonateurs constitués d'un milieu qui ne présente pas d'effets non-linéaires nous avons montré que les structures à anneaux couples permettent de réaliser la synthèse de filtres optiques.
Si les résonateurs sont le siège d'une non linéarité dispersive d'ordre 3 nous avons deux cas possibles en fonction du type d'excitation. Hors résonance nous avons montré que nous pouvons obtenir potentiellement des dispositifs /N+1/ stables en utilisant un système formé de /N/ anneaux couplés, ainsi que la tristabilité dans un seul anneau en utilisant un signal de commande. A résonance nous avons montré que l'on peut obtenir la fonction de remise en forme du signal pour des débits de 40 Gb/s.
La deuxième partie porte sur les travaux réalisés sur l'oscillateur optoélectronique. Dans le schéma classique d'un tel oscillateur la fonction de retard optique est obtenue en utilisant une ligne à fibre optique de longueur proportionnelle au retard nécessaire. Nous voulons remplacer cette ligne avec une ligne à retard à base de microrésonateurs. Nous présentons des procédés de fabrication de résonateurs sphériques et diverses méthodes de mesure de leurs facteurs de qualité, proportionnel au retard induit.
Mejaouri, Salim. "Conception et fabrication de micro-résonateurs pour la réalisation d'une puce neuromorphique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/11143/11930.
Full textMortada, Oussama. "Conception et réalisation de micro-résonateurs piezoélectriques sur substrat de silicium sur isolant." Thesis, Limoges, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LIMO0075/document.
Full textThe acoustic waves, theoretically demonstrated in 1885 by the English scientist Lord Rayleigh, are nowadays an interesting research subject. It became essential to the fabrication of miniature and efficient systems of telecommunication, such as filters, oscillators or sensors. Devices using the acoustic waves are known as piezoelectric devices, because they transform RF signal into acoustic waves, and vice versa, thanks to the direct piezoelectric phenomenon. The development of these piezoelectric devices was essential to meet the particular and extreme requirements of the current systems of telecommunication (selectivity, miniaturization, low cost, ease of manufacturing and integration). This thesis is part of a global approach to develop the piezoelectric devices, notably the piezoelectric micro-resonators which constitute the latest generation. Two main axes have been developed during the research work: the theoretical study of piezoelectric micro-resonators through an electric modelling, on one hand, and, on the other hand, the description of the manufacturing processes accomplished in clean room of XLIM’s laboratory
Legrand, Bernard. "CONTRIBUTION AU DOMAINE DES ACTIONNEURS ET RÉSONATEURS MICRO-‐ÉLECTROMÉCANIQUES. APPLICATIONS À LA NANO‐CARACTÉRISATION." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00706851.
Full textGutierrez, Napoléon. "Peignes de fréquences optiques par effet Kerr dans les micro et mini résonateurs optiques." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019TOU30273.
Full textOptical frequency combs find applications in optics, physics, precision spectroscopy and opto-electronics among others. The mode-locked laser is historically the system at the origin of these combs. More recently, in the quest for the miniaturization of optical frequency comb generators, micro-resonators and mini-resonators have emerged as attractive alternatives due to their compact nature as well as their mode selectivity and power enhancement properties. The work presented in this thesis is centered on the modeling of passive resonator based Kerr frequency combs. The first chapter of this thesis presents a state of the art of micro and mini Kerr frequency combs and puts forth the advantages of resonator-based platforms for the generation of optical frequency combs. The second chapter presents the model used to study passive optical resonators in the linear and non-linear regimes. The non-linear approach is based on an Ikeda map, allowing the study of Kerr comb formation in passive resonators. In the third chapter, Kerr frequency combs generated in an integrated resonator are presented. These results are compared to simulation results based on the model presented in the preceding chapter. The last chapter studies the impact of frequency-dependent access coupling parameters on the generation of Kerr frequency combs. Simulation results are presented, bringing to light the importance of the influence that these coupling parameters have on the combs generated in the resonator
Nagtegaele, Patrice. "Micro-résonateurs circulaires à base de polymère pour fonctions d'insertion-extraction en télécommunications optiques." Cachan, Ecole normale supérieure, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005DENS0001.
Full textHigh speed optical switching, modulation, wavelength multiplexing and filtering are becoming increasingly vital functions to realize fiber optic access networks that provide high bandwidth telecommunication services to the home or building. By using existing integrated optics microresonator technology and organic electro optic materials, large scale photonic integration of active functions is feasible. A new generation of integrated optics technology will be developed into robust densely integrated active photonic platform and eventually lead to the demonstration of low power, highly manufacturable and hence low cost multiwavelength transceivers for access networks. For the engineering of optical subsystems, two different approaches, both based on electro optic polymer microresonators vertically coupled to add drop waveguides, have been investigated and implemented. The first approach uses the hybrid integration of inorganic waveguides coupled to electro optic polymer microresonators whereas the second design associates polymer waveguides and microresonators. Using these approaches, we have designed and realized working microresonator prototypes used as mux/demux, high speed switches or modulators
Vallet, Olivier. "Etude de résonateurs compensés thermiquement et de dispositifs de stabilisation pour oscillateurs micro-onde." Besançon, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BESA2046.
Full textThis work consists of the study and realization of stable microwave oscillators by means of low temperature sensitivity microwave resonators and a correction circuit. The first resonator is a cavity made of a ceramic whose differential dilatation coefficient reaches zero at ambient temerature, ULE. An original metal layer deposition technique was developped. The cavity showed two turnover temperatures, -5ʿC and 23ʿC. The frequency curvatures around those temperatures are still quite high. The second resonator is a whispering gallery mode sapphire on which a rutile thin film was deposited. Both materials temperature sensitivities complement each other in the whole resonator. Its turnover temperature T0 is 45,7K, and its temperature sensitivity reaches 1,2. 10-7 (T-T0) K-1. The rutile presence has a very low influence on the Q0 factor. After some frequency correction methods comparison we choosed the Pound corrector, whose results are the best on long-term measurements. Two corrected oscillators were realized. We measured a 30 dB. Rad2/Hz Sj (100 Hz) reduction. The sapphire-rutile corrected oscillator's sy reached 2. 10-12 between 1 and 10 s. Sapphire-rutile resonator and Pound corrector displayed satisfying results and are from now on introduced in new devices
Arlotti, Clément. "Conception et analyse de micro-résonateurs optiques pour la génération de peignes de fréquences." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOU30248/document.
Full textWhispering-gallery -mode micro-resonators, whether in the form of disks, rings or racetracks, have become the key building blocks of many high-performance photonic components. The embodiments exploiting the III-V semiconductors are particularly attractive for they open the possibility of integrating active and passive sections together and therefore diversify the functionalities on the same photonic chip. Furthermore, the vertical integration of the resonator above its access waveguide(s) makes it possible to distribute the active and passive functions on distinct planes and makes the realization of the components easier by using better-controlled methods. A fabrication technique recently introduced in the team and based on the AlGaAs / AlOx technological platform, allowed us to realize, by means of simple steps, vertically-coupled microdisks. The performance of these components, however, is limited due to their architecture, complicated by their constitutive multilayer stack. The research carried out during this PhD thesis focused on the feasibility of emitting an optical frequency comb from these resonators. For this purpose, the components must be designed so as to present a sufficiently high quality factor while maximizing the power circulating in the cavity in order to be able to trigger the non-linear processes required for the comb generation. For a transverse single-mode component, the intracavity power is maximal when the system operates in critical coupling regime, i.e .when the losses inside the cavity are equal to external losses (or coupling losses). As a first step, we have developed a semi-analytical tool based on a modal expansion in order to carry out a broadband parametric study of the performances of vertically coupled systems. Up to now, this coupling layout has indeed been little studied, both theoretically and practically. Our generic model, based on the coupled mode theory (CMT) and the universal relations governing the spectral properties of coupled micro-resonators, reveals two theoretical conditions for obtaining an achromatic critical-coupling regime when the cavity and its access waveguide are phase-mismatched. We first applied it to the simulation of single- mode racetrack resonators made of Si3N4 / SiO2 since several studies have already demonstrated comb generation using this technological platform. Our work resulted in the design of phase-mismatched and technologically feasible structures with critical-copuling bandwidths being increased by one order of magnitude compared to the reference case of phase- matched waveguides. We subsequently initiated a numerical evaluation of frequency comb generation, based on the iterative resolution of the non-linear Schrödinger equation taking into account the variations of the spectral and dispersive properties of these racetracks. The generic model has finally been applied to AlGaAs / AlOx microdisks. For this purpose, we have introduced a criterion allowing an unambiguous implementation of CMT in the case of asymmetric couplers having a multi-layer separation zone. The results, in good agreement with experimental data, allowed us to better understand the limitations of the fabricated devices and to propose new structures AlGaAs / AlOx with improved performances. The experimental validation of the proposed designs for both the Si3N4 / SiO2 and AlGaAs / AlOx components is currently in progress
Badev, Alexandre. "Matériaux diélectriques à faibles pertes utilisés comme résonateurs et filtres dans les circuits micro-ondes." Toulouse 3, 2008. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/480/.
Full textWith the request for information exchange via wireless communications, the needs for equipment using microwaves and microwave technology have been increasing in the last 10 years. At the beginning of the 21st century, relating to the field of telecommunications and aerospace, the microwave devices were miniaturized. Dielectric pellets were used as resonator-oscillator components, respectively micro-strip lines were integrated as waveguides. It should be noticed that a single microwave material is not universal and therefore cannot be used in a wide frequency range. The devices used in wireless communications tend to have smaller dimensions and larger capacity. Therefore the operating frequency shifts to a higher range, notably the GHz domain. Dielectric resonators are used in microwave integrated circuits in order to concentrate electric fields within the resonator body. Their quality factor (Q) is similar to that of resonant cavities, as they reflect a high linearity at high power levels. They are commonly used as frequency stabilizers for oscillators operating in the microwave frequency range. A dielectric resonator is characterized by its three main properties: a relatively high dielectric permittivity (er), low dielectric losses (tan d), and a thermal stability at a given resonant frequency (tf). The dielectric constant is a criterion for miniaturization of the resonator because the dielectric permittivity is inversely proportional to its size. The low loss (or high quality factor) allows greater selectivity of the bandwidth at the resonant frequency, a better noise suppression and low loss of transmitted power. .
Walter, Benjamin. "Fabrication de micro-résonateurs haute fréquence pour la microscopie à force atomique sur des objets biologiques." Thesis, Lille 1, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011LIL10168/document.
Full textHigh speed Atomic Force Microscopy (AFM) and its potential applications in nanobiotechnology need to increase the resonance frequency of the probes limited in the case of the usual cantilever to a few megahertz. The first chapter describes the state of the art of the AFM and focus on the potential of MEMS in this area. The second chapter treats of the conception of a sensor taking advantage of the high resonance frequency of a silicon bulk mode resonator integrating a nanotip fabricated in batch process. We describe in the next chapter the realization of MEMS-based AFM Nanoprobes with integrated in-plane nanotip and 80nm self-aligned capacitive transduction gaps. The probes are fabricated using a photolithographic process and deep reactive ion etching. Small gaps being critical to maximize the capacitive transduction, the self-aligned 80nm capacitive gaps are obtained by thermal oxidation of the resonator side walls and polysilicon refilling. A chemical wet etching defines the in-plane nanotip thanks to the selectivity between the silicon planes. The radius of the tip apex obtained is about 10-20nm.One probe, working at 11MHz and showing a Q factor of 1300 is optically and electrically fully characterized. The probe holder of a Multimode Veeco microscope is replaced by a dedicated circuit board supporting the MEMS probe. The sample is constituted by DNA origami which is bimolecular self-assembled structure programmed to form various geometric shapes. In this case, 50nm side and 2nm height squares of DNA deposited on mica surface are used. For this probe, the minimal detectable force is estimated at 5pN.Hz-1/2
Rasoloniaina, Alphonse. "Études expérimentales de dispositifs intégrés à base de micro-résonateurs à mode de galerie en verres actifs." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01009345.
Full textDouchet, Gabrielle. "Contribution à l'étude des matériaux piézoélectriques de synthèse LGS et LGT pour des applications micro-résonateurs basse fréquence." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00580729.
Full textPluchon, David. "Conception de micro-résonateurs 2D et 3D en photonique intégrée sur polymère : de l'approche théorique à la caractérisation optique." Rennes 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012REN1S035.
Full textStudy of micro-resonators in polymeric integrated photonics has recently emerged due to many applications in various fields. The work ranges from design to optical characterization of such integrated structures. The first part concerns the production of spherical resonators (3D) by micro-fluidics processes. Later, families of resonant 2D structures shaped as stadium and disc were produced by thin film deposition processes. Lithography called deep UV was used to achieve such resonant cavities. All the optical characterization of these systems was carried out on micro-optical bench using broadband spectral sources and optical spectrum analyzer. The presence of specific resonant modes called whispering gallery modes has been demonstrated with a view to adapting these structures for future sensors
Trebaol, Stephane. "Etudes expérimentales des propriétés dispersives de structures photoniques à base de micro-résonateurs pour la réalisation de fonctions optiques." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 1, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550001.
Full textTrebaol, Stéphane. "Études expérimentales des propriétés dispersives de structures photoniques à base de micro-résonateurs pour la réalisation de fonctions optiques." Rennes 1, 2010. https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00550001.
Full textFérachou, Denis. "Application des fibres creuses à cristal photonique pour la réalisation de résonateurs micro-ondes et de guides d’onde térahertz." Limoges, 2012. https://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/6c8250cd-a5a5-4db6-bc7c-1c9ffc8bbfbf/blobholder:0/2012LIMO4042.pdf.
Full textThe domain terahertz (THz) is a little studied frequency range. The difficulty to generate and detect in this domain has long prevented its development compared to the optical domain (> 100 THz) and microwaves (<100 GHz). The study proposed in this thesis concerns the terahertz waveguides based on structural adaptation of hollow core optical fibers composed of a photonic crystal. The low losses it is possible to achieve with this kind of optical fibers have been demonstrated. The interest of this adaptation is to find the same advantages of such structures in THz. An introductive chapter provides more detail on the THz domain and the constraints of this area. A state of the art of THz waveguides and the THz time domain spectroscopy setup developed for the study of waveguides are presented. The second chapter is devoted to models developed to explain the optical confinement in fibers based on photonic crystals and the adaptation of these crystals to microwave and THz domains. The last chapter deals with the optimization and realization of microwave resonators and waveguides THz based on adapted photonic bandgap crystals
Caillet, Thibaut. "Contribution au Développement de Méthodologies de Modélisation des Couplages Distribués dans les Technologies de Report." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01067427.
Full textLoiseau, Sébastien. "Développement d'un procédé industriel de fabrication de résonateurs Micro Electro Mechanical System (MEMS) à structure métal / nitrure d'aluminium (AlN) / métal." Caen, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010CAEN2042.
Full textNXP Semiconductors (Caen, France) planed to invest in TFEAR project involving industrialization of low cost, integrable and tunable RF MEMS resonator, based on a laboratory process using piezoelectric properties of AlN. This resonator should replace quartz resonator due to its compactness. The resonance frequency can be easily tuned by changing the photolithographic masks because the resonator works in the extensional mode. It is made up of aluminum based AlSiCu that is standard electrodes in industrial process and piezoelectric AlN, both prepared by DC magnetron sputtering. Exploring the deposition conditions of layers forming the resonator allowed d33,f coefficient of 2 pm. V-1 (for a theoretical maximum of 3. 93 pm. V-1). At the same time, adaptation of the process to industrial tools required feasibility study. The poor etching selectivity between aluminum and AlN during etching of AlN was found to be the main difficulty. However, electrical characterizations of resonators showed the industrial feasibility of such a project since quality factor of 1400 and motional resistance less than 1 kΩ were measured, for resonance frequencies between 15 and 20 MHz. The closing down of NXP Semiconductors factory of Caen diverted part of the PhD work into more microstructural characterizations in laboratory. This allows the more detailed study of relationship between d33,f coefficient and AlSiCu crystalline quality, as well as AlN crystallite sizes and stress (shear) in AlN layers
Le, Dantec Ronan. "Conception et étude de micro-cavités opo-mécaniques accordables sur InP pour le démultiplexage en longueur d'onde." Lyon, INSA, 1999. http://theses.insa-lyon.fr/publication/1999ISAL0009/these.pdf.
Full textWith the increase of information traffic, Wavelength Division Multiplexing W. D. M. Systems appear to be very promising. We have developed tunable devices (optical filters and detectors) for those applications. Our devices are based on micromachined Fabry-Perot cavity. Active wavelength is controlled by changing the air gap cavity length with the electrostatic force. To obtain active layers compatible with the 1. 55 micrometers telecommunication wavelength range, InP based tunable devices are needed. We have developed during this work an optical experimentation set up which take into account the dimension of the devices. We have then studied several InP tunable passive Fabry-Perot filter. The results show that the filter performances are compatible with the W. D. M. Specifications : the filter selectivity is lower than 1nm and the wavelength tuning range can be as large as 100 nm
Diallo, Souleymane. "Utilisation des non-linéarités Kerr et Brillouin dans les résonateurs à mode de galerie cristallins pour la synthèse de micro-ondes." Thesis, Besançon, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016BESA2028/document.
Full textWhispering galery mode resonators are dielectric cavities that support modes with ultra-high quality factor and small volume that remain confined in their inner periphery for time duratioons that can be as long as few microseconds. The strong confinement of these modes for such long durations strongly enhances nonlinear effect suchs as Kerr effect or Brillouin effect. These resonators can therefore be used for several applications such as spectroscopy, telecommunications or microwave generation. The objective of this thesis is to use Kerr and Brillouin nonlinearities in these resonators at the laser wavelength of 1550 nm, in order to generate high spectral purity microwave signals with frequencies rangong fros 5 to 30 GHz. The first chapter oh the thesis intriduces the theory, fabrication, coupling and characterisation of whispering gallery mode resonators. The second chapter is about the generation of Kerr optical frequency combs in these resonators and their application to the generation of microwave signals. We present our experimental resuktsdn the numerical modelling of Kerr combs, the analysis of oscillatory instabilities (due to thermal effect) observed during our experiments, and conclue. The third chapter concerns photon-phonon interactions via stimulated Brillouin scattering in these resonators and their application to the generation of microwave signals. We present our experimental results and the temporal model that we developed to track the dynamics of the forward and backscattered fields. The last chapter conclude the thesis. The research presented in this thesis has benne funded by the European Research Council through the project Nextphase
Roelens, Yannick. "Etude et caractérisations microondes en basses températures de résonateurs coplanaires supraconducteurs et de transistors en vue de réaliser des dispositifs micro-électroniques." Lille 1, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000LIL10131.
Full textHuet, Vincent. "Étude et réalisation de lignes à retard optique intégrées dans des micro-résonateurs à modes de galerie en verres actifs dopés erbium." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015REN1S108/document.
Full textGlass-based whispering gallery mode (WGM) microresonators are easy to produce by melting techniques. However, they suffer from surface contamination or residual absorption which limits their long term quality factor to only about 108. We show that an optical gain provided by erbium ions can compensate for residual losses. Moreover it is possible to control the coupling regime of an ultrahigh Q-factor microresonator from undercoupling to spectral selective amplification by changing the pumping rate. We demonstrate a critically coupled fluoride glass WGM microresonator with a diameter of 220 μm and a loaded Q-factor of 5,3×109. We also show that by introducing slow-light effects in a monolithic WGM microresonator it is possible to enhance the photon lifetime by several orders of magnitude and circumvent fabrication limitations. We experimentally demonstrate Erbium-doped fluoride glass microresonators with a photon lifetime up to 2,5 ms at room temperature, corresponding to a Q-factor of 3×1012 at 1530 nm, by combining WGM resonance effect and population oscillations
Moutaouekkil, Mohammed. "Etude de la propagation des ondes élastiques de Lamb dans les matériaux composites micro/nano structurés : Application pour l’ingénierie des propriétés physiques des résonateurs électromécaniques." Thesis, Ecole centrale de Lille, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ECLI0011/document.
Full textThe control of elastic wave propagation relies mainly on the design of artificial media based on structured materials to achieve advanced propagation dispersion engineering. During the thesis, the dispersion of the mode (S0) in micro-structured membranes based on AlN was numerically investigated and the resulting applications explored. The strong link between mode dispersion and sensitivity to external disturbances is highlighted by combining the AlN membrane with a layer of SiO2 structured into strips. In particular, it is shown that it is possible to obtain a TCF = 0 for the resonators without any degradation of the K2 coefficient. It is shown that it is possible to open wide band-gaps of 50% by structuring the AlN in the shape of strips or using pillars to form a PhnC. On this basis, designs of cavities and waveguides are proposed and their performances are studied according to the geometrical parameters. It is also proposed a new cavity design based on the introduction of a resonant defect with a disc shape in the PhnC and presenting very small size in comparison to the unit cell. The defect makes it possible to introduce quasi-flat modes in the band diagram and consequently allows the design of a new generation of phononic devices for signal processing and sensor applications. The optimal structures are used to design a magnetic field sensor design, a sensitivity of 5% is obtained for the localized mode in the case of defect based on magneto-elastic thin film
Delmas, Bruno. "Comment améliorer la dérive des résonateurs à quartz pour applications spatiales ?" Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00536860.
Full textGachon, Dorian. "Nouveaux résonateurs haute-fréquence à Ondes de Volume dans les films minces piézoélectriques pour les Applications sources Embarquées." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00578568.
Full textGuirardel, Matthieu. "Conception, réalisation et caractérisation de biocapteurs micromécaniques résonants en silicium avec actionnement piézoélectrique intégré : détection de l'absorption de nanoparticules d'or." Toulouse 3, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003TOU30159.
Full textAbdallah, Zeina. "Microwave sources based on high quality factor resonators : modeling, optimization and metrology." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30267/document.
Full textRF photonics technology offers an attractive alternative to classical electronic approaches in several microwave systems for military, space and civil applications. One specific original architecture dubbed as optoelectronic oscillator (OEO) allows the generation of spectrally pure microwave reference frequencies, when the microwave photonic link is used as a feedback loop. Various studies have been conducted during this thesis on the OEO, especially the one that is based on fiber ring resonators, in order to optimize and improve its phase noise performance and its long-term stability. Precise characterization and modeling of the optical resonator are the first step towards overall system design. The resonator metrology is performed using an original approach, known as RF spectral characterization. The experimental results have demonstrated that this technique is helpful for the identification of the resonator's coupling regime and the accurate determination of the main resonator parameters such as the intrinsic and extrinsic quality factors or the coupling coefficients. A second study was directed toward implementing a reliable nonlinear model of the system. In such a model, the fast photodiode require an accurate description, in order to reduce the conversion of the optical amplitude noise into RF noise. A new nonlinear equivalent circuit model of a fast photodiode has been implemented in a microwave circuit simulator: Agilent ADS. This new model is able to describe the conversion of the laser relative intensity noise (RIN) into microwave phase noise at the photodiode output. An optimal optical power at the photodiode's input has been identified, at which the contribution of the laser RIN in RF phase noise is negligible. When it comes to practical applications, the desired performance of an OEO is threatened by various disturbances that may result in a frequency shift of both the laser frequency and the transmission peak of the resonator, which causes a malfunction of the OEO. Therefore it is desirable to use a stabilization system to control the difference between the laser frequency and the resonator frequency. A series of tests and experiments have been carried out to investigate the possibility, on one hand, to replace the commercial servo controller that was used up until now in the Pound-Drever-Hall loop, with a low noise homemade one and, on the other hand, to use a semiconductor laser to reduce the system size. A detailed review of these approaches is presented
Ivan, Ioan Alexandru. "Utilisation des résonateurs piézoélectriques fonctionnant en mode d'épaisseur pour la réalisation de capteurs." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00133599.
Full textMerrer, Pierre-Henri. "Elaboration de sources hyperfréquences à haute pureté spectrale à base de résonateurs optiques." Toulouse 3, 2009. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/516/.
Full textInvestigations towards a resonator featuring a high quality factor in a reduced volume are a very important and interesting problem in the microwave field. The microwave resonators used for high spectral purity microwave sources are reaching their limits when the goal is to get simultaneously high performance in terms of phase noise, small size and high frequency operation. Therefore, an original approach is to transpose the microwave wavelength in the optical field. This is the case, as an example, of microwave oscillators using as a frequency reference element an optical delay line in place of the conventional microwave resonator. However, these oscillators require a large volume, and are difficult to stabilize versus the temperature fluctuations. The aim of this study is thus to replace the optical fiber by an optical resonator, and to realize an high spectral purity microwave source referenced on this resonator. A characterization bench has been set up with nanometre scale precision 3D displacement stages to hold the coupling of the resonator (SiO2 mini-sphere, or monocrystalline disk). An optical Q factor of 4. 109 has been demonstrated on a quartz minidisk. However, it is difficult to get an efficient and stable resonator coupling, because of the mode shift with temperature when the light is induced in the resonator. Two techniques have been studied to solve these problems and are presented in this manuscript. .
Lebental, Mélanie. "Chaos quantique et micro-lasers organiques." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2007. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00194350.
Full textL'originalité de notre étude repose sur l'utilisation de matériaux organiques à faibles indices de réfraction qui facilite le couplage avec l'extérieur de la lumière piégée dans la cavité. Ces billards ouverts présentent des caractéristiques génériques très différentes de celles attendues pour des systèmes équivalents fermés. En particulier, le lien entre optiques géométrique et ondulatoire s'est révélé beaucoup plus étroit.
Nos études expérimentales ont concerné les directions d'émission et les spectres. Pour les premières, nous avons proposé un modèle analytique dans le cas de cavités chaotiques. Concernant les spectres, nous avons développé une méthode d'analyse qui extrait les longueurs géométriques des orbites périodiques. Ce procédé s'avère très efficace pour tester les prédictions théoriques (formule de trace). Par ailleurs, un modèle ondulatoire pour les cavités polygonales ainsi qu'une approche perturbative adaptée aux déformations continues du disque ont été validés par des simulations numériques.
Moreno, Jean-Christophe. "Etude de la croissance et des propriétés de films minces d'AlN épitaxiés par jets moléculaires sur substrat silicium : application aux résonateurs acoustiques et perspectives d'hétérostructures intégrées sur silicium." Phd thesis, Université de Nice Sophia-Antipolis, 2009. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00560573.
Full textAzuelos, Paul. "Développement de biocapteurs en optique intégrée." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S069/document.
Full textThe development of biosensors for the detection of extremely low concentration analytes is an economic and societal challenge. It ensures the needs to detect analytes in the economic fields of healthcare, defense and environment. Integrated optical sensors have several advantages to address these challenges. In this thesis, near infrared integrated biosensors for detection of low concentration molecules in biological samples are developed. They are based on two integrated micro-resonators transducers. Firstly, performances criterions such as sensitivity and limit of detection are defined and optimized for single micro-resonator biosensors. The advantage of micro-resonator transducers based on the Vernier effect are presented. To do so, a flowchart is developed in order to optimize the design of Vernier effect integrated transducers based on cascaded micro-resonators or micro-resonators positioned in a Mach-Zehnder interferometric structure. The efficiency of the design procedure is tested by the fabrication of a polymer transducer based on the Vernier effect with state of the art performances. Then, transducers based on porous silicon material are studied. This porous material eases the penetration and the grafting of the analytes in the sensor. Porous silicon waveguides are theoretically optimized for the fabrication of single micro-resonators. The interest of the implementation of polymer and porous silicon waveguides coupled on the same integrated chip, in order to reduce optical propagation losses and to increase sensor sensitivity, is demonstrated. The performances in sensitivity and limit of detection of hybrid porous silicon and polymer waveguides Vernier effect transducers are theoretically studied in order to estimate the performances of these integrated biosensors. Eventually, the design and the first fabrication trials of hybrid porous silicon and polymer waveguides transducers are presented
Garnier, Lucas. "Sondes de lumière résonante et traitement des signaux pour le suivi dynamique de processus de la matière molle." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2020. https://ged.univ-rennes1.fr/nuxeo/site/esupversions/e33a1e83-74a5-4679-b7a7-d90ac69e9e9a.
Full textIntegrated photonic micro-resonators have numerous applications in the range of detection and fine metrology. The works presented in this thesis aim at studying and list their use for the diagnosis and the tracking of dynamic soft matter processes such as measurements of sedimentation speed, detections of phase transitions related to products from galenic pharmacology, food industry, cosmetics… The theoretical and mathematical minimum description related to the operating principle of microresonators is presented. It first deals with definitions of eigenvalues associated to a guiding structure (effective propagation constant associated with the optical mode), then on the notion of evanescent coupling in waves physics. The generic transfer function of the global resonant photonic structure is then computed, giving rise to the fundamental spectral attributes of signals. The fabrication process in clean room of such structures and the compete mounting of the measurements and optical signals treatment platformare t hen developed. This platform has been inforced to study different dynamic processes associated to soft matter which will be tracked in real time by the resonant lught probes. These phenomena are : the mecansim of brutal condensation vapor, the evaporation of a sessile water droplet and the differential loss of mass measurements, the measures of the speed of sedimentation of nano-particles, and the tracking of phase transitions ; this last application concerns respectively the gel/fluid transition of sphingomyelin and on a morphological phase transition of a compound of fatty acids. Finally, mathematical developments are realized in order to work out a formulation interating all the geometric variations of the structure, and thus describing a displacement on the dispersion curves during the said processes
Lagoin, Camille. "Étude expérimentale des propriétés optiques et acoustiques de cavités planaires et en micro-piliers de GaAs/AlAs pour l'optomécanique en micro-cavité." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019SORUS239.
Full textHere, we experimentally characterize acoustic and optical modes of GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirror planar and micropillar cavities. The goal is to study the optomecanical coupling of such sys- tem with optomecanically induced transparency experiments. To characterize the high frequency acoustic modes (20 GHz) of the cavity, we use picosecond acoustic experiments, along with a subharmonic excitation technique, at low temperature. It allows to overcome the frequency resolution limitation of the experiment. Thanks to this technique, we measure acoustic quality factors as high as 3 · 10 ^4 , which gives a quality factor frequency product Q m f m of 5 × 10 ^14 Hz at 20 K. The optical mode characterization is performed with a reflectometric setup, which is also used for the induced transparency measurements. We did not experimentally observed any induced transparency signal. From calculation realized to simulate the result we expected, we were able to estimate an upper bound of the optomecanical coupling of the studied GaAs/AlAs Bragg mirror planar cavity at low temperature, g 0<2π·60 kHz
Hentz, Sébastien. "Miniaturisation des capteurs MEMS et NEMS résonants en silicium : dispositifs, transduction, dynamique non-linéaire et applications." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, INSA de Lyon, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00740800.
Full textRampnoux, Emmanuel. "Analyse, conception et réalisation de filtres planaires millimétriques appliquées à la radiométrie spatiale." Limoges, 2003. http://aurore.unilim.fr/theses/nxfile/default/f43923e8-bfa2-4246-a406-2a8486f01c86/blobholder:0/2003LIMO0046.pdf.
Full textBassignot, Florent. "Nouveau type d'oscillateur exploitant des transducteurs à domaines ferroélectriques alternés et des matériaux de guidage pour l'excitation d'ondes ultrasonores d'interface." Phd thesis, Université de Franche-Comté, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00639401.
Full textLepetit, Thomas. "Métamatériaux tout diélectrique micro-ondes." Paris 11, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010PA112373.
Full textMetamaterials are periodic structures with a negative permeability and/or permittivity. The unprecedent control of electromagnetic properties afforded by these materials paves the way towards new applications. In this thesis, the study of dielectric metamaterials aims at the reduction of a major inconvenience, losses. A thorough study of dielectric resonateurs, key components of dielectric metamaterials, was done. It lead to experimental proof in the microwave domain of a negative permeability, permittivity and refractive index around resonance frequencies of said resonators. Finally, an alternative to the two resonators paradigm was proposed and experimentally demonstrated to obtain a negative index, a bimodal resonator
Agache, Vincent. "Intégration, et caractérisation physique de nanostructures pour les technologies de l'information et de la communication : application au filtrage électromécanique dans la gamme des radiofréquences (0,8-2,4 GHz)." Lille 1, 2003. https://pepite-depot.univ-lille.fr/LIBRE/Th_Num/2003/50376-2003-171.pdf.
Full textGodet, Sylvain. "Instrumentation de mesure sur puce pour systèmes autotestables : application à la mesure de bruit de phase basée sur des résonateurs BAW." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/987/.
Full textThis works deals with an integrated phase noise test bench for BAW resonators. The technology which has been used is the SiGe: C 0. 25 µm BiCMOS7RF process from ST Microelectronics. A current trend is to integrate testing facilities next to more or less complex circuits. The integrated test bench for measuring phase noise can relieve us of the constraints of external probing measurement and high cost. The simultaneous integration of the test circuit with the systems to measure also allows to fully exploiting component matching possibilities available on the same substrate. On-chip measurement greatly simplifies the testing process, minimizing the use of bulky external measurement equipment and high cost. It also allows following the system characteristic variations, in time or after various damages. This measure leads naturally to the design of self-testable, therefore self-reconfigurable, ICs. The goal of this thesis was to define the component architectures and the design of the integrated phase noise test bench, depending on the measurement accuracy. We show that this highly performance instrumentation system can be integrated in a standard SiGe technology
Ott, Konstantin. "Towards a squeezing-enhanced atomic clock on a chip." Thesis, Paris 6, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016PA066287/document.
Full textThis thesis describes the conception and construction of an “entanglement-enhanced” trapped atom clock on an atom chip (TACC). The key feature of this new experiment is the integration of two optical Fabry-Pérot micro resonators which enable generation of spin-squeezed states of the atomic ensemble via atom-light interactions and non-destructive detection of the atomic state. It has been shown before that spin-squeezed states can enhance the metrological performance of atomic clocks, but existing proof-of-principle experiments have not yet reached a metrologically relevant level of precision. This is the first goal of the new setup. To retain the compactness and stability of our setup, we chose the optical resonator to be a fiber Fabry-Pérot (FFP) resonator where the resonator mirrors are realized on the tip of optical fibers. To meet the requirements of our experiment, a new generation of FFP resonators was developed in the context of this thesis, demonstrating the longest FFP resonators to date. For this purpose, we developed a “dot milling” procedure using a focused CO2-laser that allows shaping of fused silica surfaces with unprecedented precision and versatility. Incorporating optical resonators in the TACC system requires a new atom chip design, allowing transportation of the atom cloud into the resonator. We present the design and the fabrication of this atom chip. The completed setup will enable investigations of the interplay of spin-dynamics in presence of light mediated correlations and spin-squeezing at a metrologically relevant stability level of $10^{-13}$ at 1 s
Aissi, Mohammed. "Conception de circuits WLAN 5 GHZ à résonateurs BAW-FBAR intégrés : oscillateurs et amplificateurs filtrants." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2006. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00127363.
Full textGodet, Sylvain. "Instrumentation de mesure sur puce pour systèmes autotestables. Application à la mesure de bruit de phase basée sur des résonnateurs BAW." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00509145.
Full textThomas, Olivier. "Dynamique linéaire et non linéaire de structures élastiques et piézoélectriques. Instruments de musique, micro/nano systèmes électromécaniques, contrôle de vibration." Habilitation à diriger des recherches, École normale supérieure de Cachan - ENS Cachan, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00718727.
Full textSaleh, Khaldoun. "Sources hyperfréquences à très haute pureté spectrale à base de résonateurs optiques." Phd thesis, Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00764917.
Full textLafleur, Gaël. "Nouvelles architectures de composants photoniques par l'ingénierie du confinement électrique et optique." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016TOU30263/document.
Full textOptical and electrical confinement using Al(Ga)As layer oxidation is a key milestone in the fabrication of active and passive GaAs-based photonic components. To optimize those devices, through the control of the optical and electrical confinements, a better modelling of oxidation process and a better understanding of optical properties of aluminum oxide (AlOx) is required. One part of this work is focusing on a throughout experimental study of AlGaAs oxidation kinetics, where I studied different important parameters such as wafer temperature, gallium composition, atmospheric pressure and mesa geometry. Then, I developed a new predictive model taking into account the process anisotropy, thus allowing a better temporal and spatial of AlAs oxidation front evolution. Finally, I could exploit this technological process to realize whispering gallery mode microdisks as well as slot optical waveguides, and I have characterized this latter photonic devices
De, Sousa Marinho Rafael. "Co-design methodology of 60 GHz filter-L-NA." Thesis, Limoges, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LIMO0095.
Full textThis work presents the results and discussions about shared design (co-design)of structures for a RF receptor in millimetric waves. Two structures were mainly studied: TheLNA and the resonator filter. Both structures were developed using novel microelectronic circuitdesign techniques and with the extensive use of CAD software. The circuits were fabricatedusing a0.25μmBiCMOS SiGe:C QuBIC technology from NXP®semiconductors, and themeasurement results are in conformity with the state-of-the-art
Issiaka, Koné. "Résonateurs à Ondes Acoustiques Guidées sur Miroir de Bragg." Phd thesis, Université des Sciences et Technologie de Lille - Lille I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00540624.
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