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Academic literature on the topic 'Micro-rhéologie'
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Journal articles on the topic "Micro-rhéologie"
Makeu Sokamté, Olive, Yimta Foutse, Christine Mandengue, Ernest Djoko, and Denis Wouessidjewe. "Fabrication d’une crème à base de l’extrait hydro-éthanolique des feuilles de Terminalia glaucescens (combretaceae) et évaluation in vivo de l’activité antimycosique." Journal Africain de Technologie Pharmaceutique et Biopharmacie (JATPB) 2, no. 3 (December 20, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.57220/jatpb.v2i3.90.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro-rhéologie"
Fa, Nathalie. "Micro-rhéologie de vésicules géantes." Strasbourg 1, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003STR13091.
Full textWe study in this dissertation the behavior of lipid bilayers under a viscous stress. We developed a new apparatus that measures the effect of a shear flow on the fluctuation pattern of giant vesicles. A classic micropipette suction device is placed in a thin gap where the flow is generated. Low alternative shear rates, typically in the range 10-4 à 10-2 s-1 , allow to apply a viscous stress without any optically visible deformation or displacement. Our experiments reveal a strong interaction between flow and membrane fluctuations. When a constant suction pressure is applied to the vesicle by the micropipette, the flow induces an increase of the visible membrane area, thus unfolding fluctuation modes hidden in the sub-optical range. Also, a classic suction experiment that allows to measure the curvature modulus of the membrane, leads here to smaller apparent modulus. These results, confirmed by optical interferometry experiments (RICM), are consistent with a scenario where the membrane fluctuations are unfold by shear stresses. They also imply that the constitutive Helfrich relation, connecting the membrane tension and the surface excess area consumed in the fluctuation modes, needs to be modified in the presence of the flow. We propose a new functional form of the Helfrich law, consistent with our results. In this thesis we also explored the effects on vesicle behavior of membrane modification by inclusion of macromolecules
Audemar, Vassanti. "Suspensions de globules rouges en micro-écoulement : rhéologie et occlusion." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017GREAY033.
Full textBlood microcirculation consists in blood flowing in complex microvessel networks.Gas and nutrient exchanges between blood and tissues occur in these networks.Microcirculatory blood flows are governed by the properties of blood components,mainly red blood cells suspended in plasma. Red blood cells are deformableparticles which can exibit different shapes and motion dynamics that influence therheology. Hydrodynamic interactions between red blood cells and with walls of theconfined channels lead to diffusion and structuration in the suspension that alsoaffects the rheology. Plasma cell-free layers near walls observed in the microcirculationinduce a decrease of the effective viscosity with decreasing vessel diameter.Other types of structuration like layering of red blood cells have been observed inthe microcirculation with possible rheological consequences. In the present work,we investigated the rheology of confined red blood cell suspensions and focusedon the link between rheology and structuration of the suspension thanks to amicrofluidic viscosimeter.The sickle cell disease which modifies the properties of red blood cells leadsto flow disorders with the formation of occlusions in the narrow capillaries ofthe microcirculation. We explored the formation and the evolution of occlusionsin simplified networks of microchannels when properties of red blood cells aremodified, revealing complex dynamics where adhesion and jamming effect occur
Jibuti, Levan. "Locomotion et écoulement dans les fluides complexes confinés." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00635980.
Full textGoncalves, Olabissi. "Effets de taille sur la rhéologie et la microstructure d'objets en polymères amorphes pour la compréhension du procédé de micro-injection." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENI079.
Full textThis work, done within the framework of a FUI project (ConProMi), endeavoured to study the mechanisms involved within amorphous polymers during the replication of micro-parts by microinjection moulding. A specific mould called “La Rotonde” has been developed to realise parts with variable thicknesses, and to follow the local pressure and temperature conditions during the moulding phase. The in-situ measurements show that the polymer flow is greatly affected by the cavity thickness, in the particular case of cyclic olefin copolymer (COC). Indeed, the pressure drops dP increases with the thickness e and respect a power law, through the expression dP~e^a. The extrapolation to lower thicknesses gives a physical limit for the manufacturing of micro-parts by injection moulding, known empirically in the plastic industry. The moulding of a 0,19mm thick part (or aspect ratio upper than 45) is impossible due to the pressure drops involved. Therefore, “La Rotonde”, as an internal rheometer, allows measuring the COC viscosity under real process conditions, integrating the material compressibility. A focus has been made for the smaller parts (0,27mm thick) to study the mechanisms involved within the polymer flow. Higher viscosities and shear stresses are found for this cavity, and close to the values corresponding to the appearance of wall-slip phenomenon at the interface between the polymer and the cavity. A morphological analysis of short-shots reveals the presence of multiple secondary flows close to the injection gate, creating weld-lines. This phenomenon is clearly broadened with decreasing thicknesses, but it seems to disappear away from the injection gate. Therefore, this original result show that the classical fountain flow, used to describe the polymer flow behaviour, is not sufficient in the case of polymer flows within micro-cavities. As a consequence, each sample's morphology has been studied and related to the physical properties of COC. A specific analysis of the local birefringence has been developed in order to quantify the residual internal stresses. The internal stresses profiles normal to the flow direction are parabolic for all the samples, and the levels of maximum stresses reached increases with reducing thickness. The dynamic mechanical properties are history-dependent according to the former thermomechanical conditions. The elastic properties tend to increase together with the density when the thickness decreases, partly explained by the enhancement of the cooling rates. The differences observed for the molecular mobility of the macromolecular chains have been correlated to physical ageing and/or at the presence of structural defects during the moulding phase. With regards to the results observed, some recommendations are drawn regarding the optimization of the process conditions for the manufacturing of parts by micro-injection moulding. At last, different solutions are given to overcome the physical limitation to produce micro-parts, like controlling the wall-slip phenomenon at the interface between polymer and cavity or compounding new polymers with specific rheological behaviours
Bonacci, Francesco. "Contact and macroscopic aging in dense suspensions at the colloidal edge." Thesis, Paris Est, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019PESC2047.
Full textDense colloidal suspensions (or pastes) constitute a broad class of materials found in areas ranging from environmental systems (e.g. silts, clays), to industry (ceramics, drilling muds, slurries), construction (plaster, cements), foodstuff, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals (toothpaste, medical ceramics). Their most remarkable feature is thixotropy: a slow evolution of their mechanical properties when switching from rest to flow (at fixed density, in the absence of drainage). Thus, their viscosity under flow, or their shear modulus and yield stress at rest, depend both on time and strain history. Thixotropy enables these systems to switch reversibly between solid- and liquid-like states with sharply contrasted properties. At rest, it is usually accompanied with aging---slow, non-exponential dynamics at long times. In recent decades, tremendous progress has been made towards understanding the dynamics of so-called "stabilized" suspensions, in which the formation of interparticle adhesive contacts is fully avoided by tuning inter-particle interactions (via double-layer polarization, or polymer depletion effects). Confocal microscopy was instrumental to such progresses, yet may only be applied to transparent, i.e. nearly index matched, systems, hence is limited to systems in which van der Waals forces are absent. Meanwhile, studies of "non-stabilized" suspensions have tended to focus on very dilute systems (i.e. packing fractions at most a few percent) where a structural evolution (the formation of flocs) could be imaged and thus analyzed, e.g., using light scattering techniques. The tremendous success of these studies has created an observational bias as, today, classical works on suspensions only mention structural dynamics as the root cause of thixotopy. But the pastes of civil and environmental engineering, are dense and generally contain significant concentrations of ions; these screen Coulombic repulsion and allow attractive van der Waals forces to bring particles into solid-solid contacts, which are likely to impact macroscopic properties and their evolution by a number of mechanisms. Indeed, it is well-known that, the macroscopic response of non-colloidal granular materials, is affected by contact friction, which is time- dependent. In cements, the formation of hydrate gels between grains, which determines the late-time strength and mechanical properties of solid concrete, was proposed to play a role in thixotropy. In fact, it remains unclear how solid-solid contacts may affect just the elastic modulus of colloidal systems. By designing an optical trap three-point bending test, Pantina and Furst showed that beams of PMMA and polystyrene particles present a finite flexural modulus, which entails that the contacts formed between particles resist rotation. The flexural modulus of polystyrene particle rods was later shown to evolve in time. These two elements lead us to ask whether the evolution of the contact bending stiffness could be responsible for mechanical aging in pastes, without invoking changes in the network structure. This work aims to investigate the potential existence of a link between contact and macroscopic aging, by combining measurements performed at the particle level, through optical-trap three-point bending tests and confocal microscopy, and at the macroscopic scale, through rheometry. To achieve it, we study the aging behavior of model dense colloidal suspensions composed of silica (SiO2) and PMMA particles suspended in divalent electrolyte aqueous solutions, at moderate concentrations. The use of model ionic systems enables us to carefully control a number of parameters expected to affect the rheology of real suspensions in the dense regime, such as the volume fraction, the size and the shape of the particles and the magnitude of the interactions
Charfeddine, Ilhem. "Prévision de la morphologie de mélanges de polyoléfines par un modèle micro-rhéologique : Application à des propriétés d'usage." Thesis, Lyon, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019LYSES019.
Full textFor a long time, the control of the development of polymer blend morphology during processing has received attention because of its great impact on the mechanical, barrier or electrical properties. Polymer blend morphologies can be divided into two groups, dispersed and co-continuous, and they depend on the composition, the rheological behavior of components, the mixing conditions and the interfacial tension.In this study, a predictive model of the type of morphology has been proposed on the basis of topological representations of co-continuous or dispersed phases using a scenario for the morphology development in blends of polyolefin.Relevant parameters of the model were measured. The interfacial tension was measured by rheological methods using the Palierne model, Gramespacher and Meissner approach and ab-initio calculation. The shear rate in the extruder was determined using the Ludovic software. Rheological studies were conducted in oscillatory shear flow. The predictions were compared with experimental results of various polyethylene and polypropylene blends at different compositions, prepared by twin-screw extrusion. Blends were carefully examined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), using staining agent to enhance electron density contrast. The characteristic dimensions and interfacial areas as a function of the composition were calculated.The experimental results on the various blends show a good correlation between the interfacial areas, the melt elasticity measured at low frequency and the model prediction. The comparison shows also that Rayleigh disturbances dominate the breakup mechanism.This model was completed by predictive models of mechanical properties: modulus and impact resistance. The mechanical properties calculated by the models were compared to the measurements of tensile and Charpy impact tests. Finally, the effect of the interparticle distance on the impact resistance was also investigated to understand the brittle-tough transition
Baillou, Renaud. "Exploration lagrangienne des environnements complexes par les micro-organismes : suivi Lagrangien de E. coli motiles sous confinement et pénétration de la barrière de mucus." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023SORUS559.
Full textMicroorganisms are ubiquitous on Earth. They developed self-propulsion to explore their environment and colonize new ecological niche. Some of them are pathogens and trigger inflammation when in contact with epithelial cells. While the hydrodynamical nature of their motion is rather well understood in Newtonian fluids, there is still much to understand when they interact mechanically with their environment either through the presence of geometric obstacles or stemming from the non-Newtonian nature of their swimming environments. In this thesis, we take a look at the motility of bacterial microswimmers (E. coli) under two physiologically conditions, especially relevant in the biophysical context of bacterial infections through intestinal mucus: firstly in the case of a confined geometry between two parallel surfaces, and secondly in intestinal mucus of animal origin. First, we perform experiments with E. coli using an in-house tracking device that allows us to capture the trajectories of bacteria while visualizing their bodies and flagella for long periods of time. We use it to understand the effects of surfaces as they explore a confined environment. Confinement slows the spread of E. coli by trapping them on surfaces and interrupting the "runs" they take from the bulk. Experimental results are rationalized with a stochastic model that accounts for the complex internal dynamics that result in active reorientations of E. coli. The motion at surfaces is specifically studied, and the interindividual variability observed in the swimming properties is questioned under the prism of their morphologies, especially their number of flagella. We then turn to understanding the movement of E. coli in intestinal mucus, which is extracted from two different groups of piglets that are compared. After a purification process, the different samples are characterized by an original in vitro experiment in which bacteria have penetrated a mucus barrier, from which emerges a "penetration length" characterizing a "mucus quality", complemented by rheological and optical measurements. The penetration length ranges from 100 to 1000 microns depending on the sample and seems to depend more on the structure size than on the macrorheology. Different rheological signatures are observed with and without the influence of the shear history. This preliminary study offers many perspectives, both physical (OCT microscopy / X-ray scattering / microrheology) and medical (diagnostic tool for patients / use of selected bacterial strains). To get a temporal view of the penetration process, machine learning is finally used to extend the use of the Lagrangian tracking device to optically complex fluids, successfully implemented for mucus. Bacteria are shown to explore mucus ten times slower than water, and to get blocked after a few minutes. The results and experimental protocols developed in this thesis extend the state-of-the-art on the subject of microswimmers in methodological terms, while also providing some new data on swimming patterns and penetration into viscoelastic fluids
Mourier, Élise. "Nano-structuration sous contraintes de polyuréthanes segmentés thermoplastiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009LYO10267.
Full textThermoplastic segmented polyurethanes are an important class of thermoplastic elastomers which cover a wide range of applications. These materials are multi-block copolymers composed of alternating “hard” and “soft” segments which are respectively below and above their glass transition temperature under ambient conditions. TPUs exhibit a twophase microstructure which arises from the thermodynamic incompatibility between the hard and soft segments. This microphase separation is often combined with the crystallization of either or both segments. The mechanical properties of these polymers will depend upon the overall multiblock length and the hard block sequence length and how they affect the material morphology. Our goal is to understand how the polyurethane final properties can be affected by the processing stresses (extrusion, injection…). In this scope, experiments were performed using a rheometer or an optical microscope coupled with a shearing hot stage. A preshear controlled treatment was applied and its effect on the material structuration was followed. These characterizations highlighted the enhancement of phase separation kinetics by the shear. For instance, for presheared samples, phase separation and/or crystallization of the hard segments occur ten times faster than for non-sheared ones. Moreover, SAXS experiments carried out on samples structured from several conditions illustrated perpendicular arrangements of crystalline domains perpendicularly to the flow direction. Finally, this particular morphology induced by shear modifies the materials final mechanical properties
Chevalier, Julien. "Etude de la rhéologie de nanofluides soumis à de très forts taux de cisaillement à l'aide de microsystèmes fluidiques." Phd thesis, Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 2008. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00348187.
Full textKaoui, Badr. "Modélisation de vésicules en géométrie étendue et dans des systèmes micro-fluidiques." Phd thesis, Grenoble 1, 2009. http://www.theses.fr/2009GRE10113.
Full textDynamical behavior and deformation of a single neutrally buoyant suspended vesicle (a closed phospholipid membrane), as a response to external applied flows (simple shear and Poiseuille flows), is studied in the limit of small Reynolds numbers. Unbounded and confined geometries are both considered here. For this purpose we use three¬dimensional analytical calculation (small deformation theory) as weIl as two-dimensional simulations (lattice¬Boltzmann and boundary integral methods) to solve the corresponding hydrodynamical equations and to track explicitly the vesicle dynamics. The small deformation theory is used to draw the phase-diagram summarizing the known vesicle dynamical regimes (tank-treading, tumbling and vacillating-breathing), under shear flow. Impact of varying controlling parameters on the evolution of various quantities characterizing each vesicle dynamical regime is reported. We present also how we adapted the lattice Boltzmann method to simulate dynamics of vesicles in confined geometries (e. G. A micro-channel). As benchmarkings, the vesicle equilibrium shapes in a fluid at rest are recovered together with dynamical behavior of a vesicle under simple shear flow - tank-treading -. The effect of confmement on the vesicle dynamics is investigated. Lateral migration of a vesicle placed in unbounded and semi-bounded Poiseuille flow is investigated using the boundary integral method simulations. Ln the unbounded geometry we fmd that the nonlinear character of the Poiseuille flow, together with the vesicle deformability, causes a lateral migration of the vesicles towards the flow centerline. Ln the presence of a bounding wall an additionallift force appears. Ln this situation we investigate the interplay between the wall- and the Poiseuille flow curvature- induced lift forces. A similarity law for the lateral migration velocity (as a function of relevant structural and flow parameters) that is consistent with experimental results is proposed