Academic literature on the topic 'Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)'

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Journal articles on the topic "Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)"

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Kaur, Gurneet. "ECONOMIC REFORMS AND MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES." International Journal of Research -GRANTHAALAYAH 5, no. 5 (May 31, 2017): 394–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.29121/granthaalayah.v5.i5.2017.1875.

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Micro, Small & Medium enterprises (MSMEs) have played a crucial role in the overall economic development of every developing economy in the world. In India, MSMEs have helped in creating a favourable environment of growth by serving as ancillary units to large scale industries. They not only create huge employment opportunities for the public but also address other challenges faced by the economy like poverty and removing regional imbalances. Keeping in view the crucial role of MSMEs in our economy, the present paper is an attempt to analyze the definition of MSMEs, the role and performance of MSMEs in Indian economy and government policies towards MSMEs as well as the various challenges and opportunities associated with MSMEs in India. The study reveals that over a period of time notable growth has been shown by the MSME sector which has been a leading contributor to export, employment and Gross domestic product in India. Therefore, some sincere action plan and their proper implementation is must for the encouragement of the MSMEs in the Indian economy.
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Arbainah, Siti, Hadiahti Utami, and Sugiarti Sugiarti. "BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT MODEL IN THE MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES AT TOURISM VILLAGE." International Journal of Applied Sciences in Tourism and Events 3, no. 2 (March 27, 2020): 233. http://dx.doi.org/10.31940/ijaste.v3i2.1779.

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The Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in economic development. It is reasonable if the empowerment of MSMEs gets special attention by the government, including MSMEs in tourism villages. The tourist village of Loram Kulon MSME which is one of the objects of this research is growing and diverse in both number and type. The diversity of MSMEs has resulted in village governments having difficulties in implementing MSME development programs that are in harmony with the characteristics of tourism villages. This study aims to formulate a business development strategy model for MSMEs in resource-based and local wisdom-based tourism villages. Except in the village of Loram Kulon, research has been carried out with the object of the Jambearum tourism village in Kendal Regency. The study used 7-10 samples of MSMEs taken randomly. Respondents are owners / managers of MSMEs. Data was collected through interviews with the help of questionnaires. Processed using descriptive statistics and analyzed quantitatively and qualitatively. From these two studies can be formulated a model of village tourism MSME development. The results show that the development model based on the SWOT analysis is the right model for formulating the tourism village MSME development strategy. This is because the SWOT analysis considers the internal and external conditions of MSMEs and provides four alternative strategies namely SO, ST, WO, WT which can be selected according to the general objectives of MSMEs in the tourism village
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Kurniawati, Elya. "PENGARUH KONDISI SOSIAL TERHADAP PERILAKU PENGAMBILAN KEPUTUSAN “PEREMPUAN” PEMILIK UMKM JAWA TIMUR UNTUK MENGADOPSI E-COMMERCE." Jurnal Sosiologi Pendidikan Humanis 4, no. 2 (January 31, 2020): 94. http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v4i2p94-102.

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Recent competition in the economy is dominated by companies that are able to implement the right technology into their business. E-commerce technology provides many conveniences for business people, including women as owners of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in East Java. Women are very potential and competent as actors and managers of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSME). The purpose of this study is to determine the social conditions that influence the decision-making of these women as owners of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) to adopt e-commerce. This study was conducted using quantitative descriptive methods. The sample consisted of 41 women as owners of MSME in East Java. Data were analyzed using percentages. The results of the study show that the majority of these MSME owners have understood e-commerce, but some of them have not adopted e-commerce as their competitive strategyDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um021v4i22019p094
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Handayani, Trustorini, I. Widianingsih, S. Julianti, and D. N Pebriani. "Web-Based Micro Small and Medium Enterprises Product Brand Development." International Journal of Entrepreneurship & Technopreneur 1, no. 1 (June 25, 2021): 11–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.34010/injetech.v1i1.4820.

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This research aims to determine the development of Industrial Revolution 4.0 technology in the Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) sector, to improve the standard of quality business product brands by creating a web-based information system. To support this research, we used qualitative descriptive research methods to describe existing phenomena, both natural and human engineering, that pay more attention to the characteristics, quality, and interrelationships between activities. The results show that product brand development for web-based small and medium enterprises is compelling so that it will be able to compete with other business product brands globally. This is due to a web-based information system created to introduce various products, the owners of MSMEs products. The information system was designed to input the MSME owners' data, starting from product brands, catalogs, and services. Therefore, the information system can help marketing and improve the owners' ability in the product brand development that can be used to compete in the global market. That way, the society can access various information about superior products from the MSME owners who have a product quality is no less good than other excellent products.
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Suwarni, Emi, and Maidiana Astuti Handayani. "Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) to Strengthen Indonesia’s Economic Post COVID-19." Business Management and Strategy 12, no. 2 (June 24, 2021): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.5296/bms.v12i2.18794.

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This study aims to find the strategy of developing MSMEs based on potential and opportunities in the period of covid-19. The research object is the MSME unit in Bandar Lampung City, especially MSME banana chips. This study used qualitative descriptive analysis with SWOT analysis. Based on the results it is known that the position of MSMEs is in quadrant I. The strategy of developing MSMEs is to increase the potential and take advantage of opportunities. One of the strategies is the utilization of information technology and social media in the development of MSMEs of the region's flagship banana chip products. The results of this research are expected to be useful as consideration for MSMEs to develop their businesses even during the COVID 19 pandemic. Likewise, for the government to actively socialize the use of digital media for MSMEs so that MSME development will increase. The limitation of this research is that it has not quantitatively calculated the role of social media and information technology in MSME development. This could be an opportunity for further research
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Sarmah, Ankita, Bedabrat Saikia, and Dhananjay Tripathi. "Can unemployment be answered by Micro Small and Medium Enterprises? Evidences from Assam." Indian Growth and Development Review 14, no. 2 (May 7, 2021): 199–222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/igdr-09-2020-0140.

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Purpose Generating meaningful employment has become a major concern for countries across the globe to break the vicious circle of poverty. Employment creation becomes more intricate in a developing economy like India where the population is at an incessant rise, without a simultaneous increase in the employment generation. In the event of situations of mounting unemployment, micro small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) being largely labour-intensive have been claimed as a significant contributor in an economy’s development to induce employment generation. The study at hand is an attempt to gauge the overall contributions of MSMEs in employment creation in Assam, a developing region of the Indian sub-continent. However, most importantly, the purpose of this paper is to determine if men and women are differently employed in the sample MSMEs and if the pattern of employment creation is different across male and female-owned sample MSMEs. Design/methodology/approach The study is based on a uniquely large sample of 320 MSME entrepreneurs with an equal representation of 160 each from male and female entrepreneurs. Secondary data sources were also consulted. Study areas comprising Kamrup-Metropolitan and Kamrup-Rural, depicting both urban and rural Assam, respectively. The choice of activities undertaken by the entrepreneurs includes a wide variety of 12 activities pertaining to all the MSME entrepreneurs in general and certain gender-specific in particular. The two hypotheses (H01 and H02) formulated were tested using the Chi-square test and the Mann-Whitney U test. Furthermore, the growth rate of employment generation in Assam along with the growth rate of the number of MSMEs established and investment made by the MSMEs were computed. Findings The calculated growth rate of employment creation, capital investment and MSMEs established were found to be positive. Based on the results of the Chi-Square test and Cramer’s V test, this paper establishes a strong association between the MSMEs and the total employment generation by the sample entrepreneurs (H01). The primary data suggested that 320 MSMEs are Employing 2,766 people in the study area with an average of 8 people per unit. Employment in the service sector is higher than the manufacturing units with an average of 4 people per unit. Another vital finding of the study professed that the women-owned MSMEs have a relatively lesser number of people (32.2%) employed than their male counterparts (67.8%). The mean rank of male entrepreneurs is considerably higher (211.49) testifying a higher employment creation by the male-owned MSMEs than the women-owned (H02). Moreover, women (33.4%) are thinly employed than men (66.5%). Women entrepreneurs were seen to have mostly limited themselves in micro-units followed by small-units. In terms of the nature of employment, full-time employees (81.8%) supersede part-time employees (6.6%). The pattern of self-employment is equal (5.8%) across both male and women entrepreneurs. MSMEs have been well identified as an impeccable answer to mitigate the problem of mounting unemployment. Originality/value The novelty of the study lies in its meticulous and explicit understanding of the employment scenario in Assam by the MSMEs. Empirical works on employment creation by the MSMEs in Assam were fundamentally based on secondary data sources. The study fills in the gap by providing a holistic picture of employment creation based on both primary and secondary data, but prominently on the primary. The study accounts details about the nature of MSME employment, the gender of the MSME employees, employment creation by male and female MSME entrepreneurs, the growth rate of MSME employment and self-employment to name a few
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Adrian, Mohammad, and Santi Rahmawati. "THE IMPACT OF BUSINESS MENTORING ON MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE." International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Sciences, and Humanities 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 7. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v1i1.13.

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This reasearch is conducted on MSME (Micro Small Medium Enterprises) that are participated in the MSME Syari’ah Mentoring Program by Academition and Practitioners (PUSPA) organized by Bank Indonesia in Bandung. MSME who participated in PUSPA program 2016 is MSME that included in necessity entrepreneur where MSME operated just to fullfil the life necessities.The purpose of this reasearch was to investigate the influence of the business mentoring on the MSME performance in PUSPA program 2016.Researcher used quantitative research method. Data were analyzed using simple regression analysis and descriptive-causal analysis.The result showed that business mentoring affect the performance of MSME that participated in PUSPA Program 2016. Based on the calculation, coefficient of determination (R2) can be seen the influence of business mentoring variable (X) on the performance (Y) is 74%. While the remaining 26% is influenced by other factors such as entrepreneurship competence and human resources.
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Siallagan, Bernita, Ventje Ilat, and Treesje Runtu. "EVALUASI PENERIMAAN PAJAK USAHA MIKRO KECIL DAN MENENGAH (UMKM) PASCA PENERBITAN PERATURAN PEMERINTAH NOMOR 23 TAHUN 2018 DI KOTA TOMOHON." GOING CONCERN : JURNAL RISET AKUNTANSI 15, no. 3 (June 22, 2020): 332. http://dx.doi.org/10.32400/gc.15.3.28876.2020.

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Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises are business sectors that have large tax revenue opportunities. The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) contributes positively to the handling of economic and social problems. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) can help the government in reducing poverty, reducing the amount of unemployment, and social inequality. In helping to increase this small and medium economic activity, the government provides tax services for MSME taxpayers with a 0.5% tax rate on gross income not exceeding Rp4.8 Billion. PP No. 23 of 2018 concerning the imposition of MSME tax. This study aims to evaluate how the level of UMKM tax revenue when PP No. 46 of 2013 and when the PP No. 23 of 2018. The method used in this study is a comparative descriptive analysis method. The results showed that the growth of taxpayers who make payments increased while UMKM tax revenues decreased due to tariff cuts
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Novikasari, Siti Rahma, Duc Quang Ly, and Kerry Gershaneck. "Taxing Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises in Yogyakarta: Regulation and Compliance." BESTUUR 9, no. 1 (August 12, 2021): 59. http://dx.doi.org/10.20961/bestuur.v9i1.49184.

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<p>Government Regulation No. 46/2013 has not been optimal in providing legal compliance on taxation for Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs), especially in Yogyakarta. This policy was evaluated and amended with Government Regulation No. 23/2018. The amendment in tax policy for MSME actors was this research background to examine: First, how does the final income tax policy impact MSME taxpayers' compliance in Yogyakarta? Second, what are the legal compliance constraints of MSME taxpayers? The method used in this research was a juridical empirical, supported with the statute and conceptual approach. The results showed that the amendment in the final income tax tariff policy from 1% to 0.5%, as well as provide legal certainty of the timeframe of taxation had a positive impact on increasing taxpayer compliance. There was an increase in the number of taxpayers to 41,000 in 2019, or an increase of 15.5% compared to the number of taxpayers in 2017. However, tariff reduction has not been the answer to taxpayer non-compliance, the Regional Office of the Directorate General of Taxes of the Special Region of Yogyakarta still found tax avoidance. Tax compliance constraints were also caused by taxpayers' distrust of the government, poor tax morale, and tax knowledge. The government needs to conduct a cooperative compliance approach in taxation policies based on trust and dialogue between taxpayers and the government to improve MSME taxpayer compliance.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Tax Compliance; Final Income Tax Regulation; Micro; Small; Medium Enterprises.</p>
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Utami, Elsa Nanda, and Hendrati Dwi Mulyaningsih. "THE IMPACT OF COMPETENCY ENTREPRENEURSHIP ON MICRO, SMALL, MEDIUM ENTERPRISES PERFORMANCE." International Journal of Management, Entrepreneurship, Social Sciences, and Humanities 1, no. 1 (April 20, 2018): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/ijmesh.v1i1.16.

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This reasearch is conducted on MSME (Micro Small Medium Enterprises) that are participated in the MSME Syari’ah Mentoring Program by Academition and Practitioners (PUSPA) organized by Bank Indonesia in Bandung. MSME who participated in PUSPA program 2016 is MSME that included in necessity entrepreneur where MSME operated just to fullfil the life necessities. This program aims to improve the competence of entrepreneurship owned by MSME in term of knowledge, attitudes, and skills. Increased in the entrepreneurial comptence will have an impact on MSME perfomance both on financial term by the increase in income and non-financial term namely by the increased of the knowledge and skills like simple accounting, managing the production process, how to market the product, and know the procedures for obtaining the venture capital. The purpose of this reasearch was to investigate the influence of the entrepreneurial competence on the MSME performance in PUSPA program 2016.Researcher used quantitative research method. This research use sampling technique on non-probability sampling that is saturated sampling because the members of population less than 30 people and the entire population is a sample. Total sample in this research is 20 respondents. Data collecting in this research is done by distributing questionarries to all respondents that is MSME that pariticaped in PUSPA program 2016. Data were analyzed using simple regression analysis and descriptive-causal analysis.The result showed that entrepreneurial competenec affect the performance of MSME that participated in PUSPA Program 2016. Based on the calculation, coefficent of determination (R2) can be seen the influence of entrepreneurial compentence variable (X) on the performance (Y) is 61.7%. While the remaining 38.3 is influenced by other factors such as mentoring, motivation, and human resources.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)"

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Taiwo, Olusade. "Evaluation of the effects of micro, small and medium enterprises finance policy on job creation in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6956.

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Philosophiae Doctor - PhD
The researcher attempted to assess the effectiveness of Bank of Agriculture (BOA) microloan scheme on job creation among micro and small enterprises. This is in view of the unprecedented rise in the unemployment rate in Nigeria and the widely perceived belief that among other policies, harnessing the financial capacity of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) may possibly dictate the pace of the country’s achievement of job creation. Despite a wide array of studies on MSME growth, only a handful of rigorous studies are available to provide evidence of the effect of finance on labour market outcomes in the sector, as well as on the use of more relevant assessment techniques on the performance of public policies and interventions related to MSME financing. Through the use of mixed methods including questionnaire administration, key informant interviews, focused group discussions and desk research, this research undertook a theory of change-based assessment of Bank of Agriculture microfinance scheme, to assess the extent to which the scheme is effective in contributing to the achievement of the MSME Policy’s fundamental objective of job creation. Descriptive statistics using frequency tables and graphs as well as OECD COTE (Coherence, Objectives, Targets and Evaluation) Framework for policy formulation were applied as methods of analysis. The findings show a fundamental flaw in relation to the lack of strategic alignment of the Bank of Agriculture (BOA) operations with the MSME Policy. The Bank is seen to be operating in a silo as the strategic direction the MSME tilt does not seem to derive from the overall MSME Policy. BOA is also not seen to be positioned to engage the practice of performance measurement and reporting generally and in particular of the fundamental objective of job creation, as stipulated in the MSME Financing Policy of government. It was also revealed that a majority of enterprises that took BOA microloans loans were not able to create jobs as many of them were operating as “survivalists”. Although the BOA microloan scheme is potentially capable of supporting targeted growth-oriented microenterprises in specific trades to create jobs, given the attractive concessional terms, the Bank is not achieving this objective in its present state and form neither is it seen to be positioned to do so due to several supply and demand side factors. An ongoing reform process in the Bank during this research period may be able to address part of this concern if more strategic steps are taken to surmount the constraints. Furthermore, BOA does not have a functional performance measurement framework and monitoring and evaluation system that can be used as the basis for measuring goal attainment such as the goal of job creation, especially in relation to the outcomes of the provision of financial services to the MSME sector. For BOA to be successful and truly developmental in focus especially in relation to its contribution to the strategic objective of job creation, the study therefore recommended the key thrust of a new framework for addressing the current unemployment situation to include an effective alignment of macro, meso (sectoral) and micro policies. At the (micro) institutional level, it is recommended that BOA should: • improve its governance and management system as well as the integration of development impact considerations and measurement; • create innovative financing products for growth-oriented microenterprises especially through cluster financing and cluster-based development; • increase wholesale lending through the provision of on-lending products to performing microfinance institutions (MFIs); • engage the services of BDS organisations to source for credible clients and build clients’ entrepreneurial capacity including assisting them to access markets. In line with the need to integrate development impact considerations and measurement into its entire operations, the researcher designed a monitoring and evaluation framework that can enhance the tracking of the attainment of job creation policy goal in BOA microloan scheme. In this vein, the institution is to adopt formal “lessons learnt” mechanisms to integrate evaluation findings into future activities and “put development back into development banking” (Smallridge, 2017). At the meso level in the study context, horizontal cooperation is recommended where all relevant institutions are aligned and the impact of various policy measures on entrepreneurship and job creation are taken into account. Lastly, an employment – sensitive macro-economic framework must pursue: the relaxation of monetary and credit conditions that are supportive of employment creation in the economy; fiscal prudence in the context of exploiting fiscal space to accommodate investments with high employment potentials; use of legislative mechanisms for ensuring full and effective implementation of annual budgets, program and projects at all levels and development and effective use of computerised Labour Market Information System (LMIS) for Nigeria.
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Contreras, Reyna Karina Rosas. "Evaluating micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) development programmes in Mexico : a practical participatory approach." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5601.

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This thesis is about a participatory approach to evaluation of development programmes for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Mexico. It advocates the use of intangible factors (stakeholders' claims, concerns and issues) and the participation of stakeholders in the process of evaluation. This evaluation approach could complement conventional approaches used to evaluate programmes for MSMEs in Mexico. In considering these ideas, this research explored the evolution of evaluation identified by Guba and Lincoln and noted some of the problems faced in the evaluation of programmes for MSMEs (e.g. absence of clear objectives, difficulties in expressing the objectives in quantifiable measures and inappropriateness to deal with social behaviour inquiry). This research proposed a shift towards a qualitative evaluation approach and developed a Situationally Responsive Practical Participatory Evaluation (SRPPE) approach. This approach relied upon the accommodation of Guba and Lincoln's Fourth Generation Evaluation and Patton's Utilization-focused evaluation. In this sense, the term accommodation refers to the integration of their methodologies from a practical point of view and their use in parallel from a theoretical point of view. The SRPPE approach considered the claims, concerns and issues (CC&I) of the programme stakeholders as inputs of the evaluation. These refer to the favourable and unfavourable assertions related to the programme and to the declarations of disagreement between stakeholders of the programme. The CC&I are used to analyse components such as decision-making, political, learning and characteristics of the evaluator. The output of the evaluation process promotes conceptual, symbolic and instrumental uses of the evaluation. This approach was tested using a constructivist and interpretivist methodology in which the nominal group technique and focus groups were used to collect information. The information was analysed and interpreted by following a qualitative approach and case studies were used to describe the structure and outcomes of the evaluation of two Mexican programmes for MSMEs. The findings of the research project suggested that an evaluation approach which considered intangible factors helped to understand the programmes, revealed the different views stakeholders had, unveiled conflicts due to different stakeholders' interests and provided a guide towards programme improvement.
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Malamulo, Terence Crayl. "The nexus between growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and youth employment in Eritrea." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30459.

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Economic growth and development are strategic for the overall development of a country. Micro, small and medium enterprises play a surmountable role in economic growth and development. Among other contributions, they provide jobs in an economy. Several developing countries, such as Eritrea, face limited private sector growth, yet also have the need to invest in the creation of enough and decent job for youths. Hence, this study intended to identify the prominent factors that deter the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises as well as the connection between their growth and youth employment, using a case study of Eritrea. The study used econometric research method. Through stratified sampling and a questionnaire, it collected data from 76 micro, small and medium enterprises. In the analysis, it used ordinal and binary logistic regressions, chi-square and correlation tests. The study concludes that there is no sufficient evidence that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises influences youth employment. It finds that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises is deterred by obstructive access to raw materials, obstructive banking regulations and obstructive general business regulations and policies. The study recommends improvement of the macro-economic conditions for pro-business sector growth, establishment of a policy on development of micro, small and medium enterprises, and a gradual liberalization of the private economy. Further, it proposes an impact investing based growth model of micro, small and medium enterprises to increase certainty on employment creation contribution. It suggests that an investment in micro, small and medium enterprises for youth employment creation that does not address the identified deterrents faces a significant impact risk.
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Worku, Eshetu Bekele. "Efficiency and Social Capital in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: the Case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2168_1263780307.

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This study extends the existing literature on how social networks enhance the performance and sustainability of small enterprises. More specifically, the study isolates and investigates the mechanisms through which social capital helps with the growth and survival of MSMEs. The evidence presented in this study strongly suggests that an indigenous social network widely practiced in Ethiopia, the &ldquo
iqqub&rdquo
, contributes significantly to the start-up, survival and development of urban MSMEs.

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Roldán, Roberto Ernesto Villaseñor. "Management learning in the context of Mexican micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412485.

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Williamson, T. "To what extent can universities create a sustainable system to support MSMEs? : a focus on the West Midlands region." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/ec3ee2df-ad9e-4129-96fa-9dc96cb32d37/1.

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Micro, Small and Medium sized enterprises (MSMEs) represent 99.9% of businesses in the UK and they face significant challenges with regards to start-up, survival and growth. Their ability to deal with these challenges is assisted, in some cases, by the provision of business support funded by the public sector. Unfortunately, despite the volume of such businesses, there remains a significant lack of qualitative data into the MSME sector, and their use of university led business support. This thesis examined the business support agenda, the support needs of MSMEs, the role of universities in the provision of business support, and the needs of public funding bodies, with regards to economic sustainability and growth in the West Midlands. The choice to focus on the West Midlands region was largely pragmatic; the researcher has existing relationships with the small business community and University networks within the region allowing for a comparable study of stakeholders with similar environmental, political and economical challenges. Whilst the findings are therefore in relation to the West Midlands region, they have been compared to secondary data and theoretical frameworks in order to propose a contribution, which is applicable to a wider audience. The thesis adopted an exploratory, interpretivist methodology with an emphasis on the practical importance of the research results. Through an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, surveys were used to collect data from MSME business owners, followed by in-depth interviews with university staff in order to produce institutional case studies. The surveys with MSME owners identified a need for support that was free, local, face-to-face and delivered by an organisation with a good reputation for delivering business support. The survey data also indicated confusion amongst MSME owners about the availability of support from universities, as well as questions around the quality of support provided by universities and its impact. The interviews, and case studies, revealed a significant level of interest, and a feeling of responsibility, from universities towards supporting the MSME community. However there were consistent challenges around funding, sustainability, resources, flexibility of delivery, and the longevity of any enterprise strategy. The research makes a useful contribution to knowledge through the development of multiple case studies and the development of a conceptual framework for a sustainable system of university led, MSME business support. The model, and analysis, considers the detailed experiences, challenges and opportunities from the stakeholders and proposed a sustainable support system. This contribution to literature provides a unique perspective for both practical application and for the research community to utilise further.
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Carvalho, Filho José [UNESP]. "Diretrizes para implantação de princípios e gestão da produção mais limpa em micro, pequenas e médias empresas de calçados plásticos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152118.

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O meio ambiente tem sido a fonte natural de recursos para oferecer bem-estar às necessidades humanas. As empresas de transformação são as principais consumidoras dos recursos naturais, que em algum momento da cadeia produtiva foram retirados do ambiente. Como resultado das atividades produtivas das empresas, o meio ambiente assimila a perda de recursos não renováveis, a incapacidade de recuperar suas funções e a degradação causada pelos impactos ambientais, motivados por resíduos e emissões. As pressões sociais e governamentais expressam o desejo de proteger o meio ambiente por meio do conceito de sustentabilidade dos sistemas produtivos. Muitas propostas e ferramentas tem surgido no cenário mundial, uma delas feita em conjunto por entidades mundialmente reconhecidas, como o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio ambiente (PNUMA), e a Conferência das Nações Unidas para o Meio ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD), foi intitulada Produção Mais Limpa (P+L) e se propõe a evitar a controlar a poluição causada por resíduos e emissões antes que ocorra. Esta tese propõe diretrizes para implantação e gestão de princípios da P+L, como estratégia preventiva contra poluição para as empresas produtoras de calçados plásticos injetados. Essas diretrizes foram propostas a partir da fundamentação teórica obtida de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que contemplou os artigos mais citados em publicações de abrangência internacional. O referencial teórico obtido sobre o assunto deu suporte para a elaboração de um questionário semiestruturado que orientou a coleta de dados em uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, que mapeou o processo produtivo das empresas desse extrato e permitiu o pesquisador vivenciar a realidade dessas empresas e verificar o confronto entre a teoria e a prática em relação aos 14 princípios da P+L selecionados na literatura sobre o assunto. Após a coleta dos dados em empresas de porte micro, pequenas e médias, sendo duas de cada porte num total de seis empresas estudadas, a transversalidade da analise cruzada permitiu a generalizar a aplicação dos princípios em relação a realidade para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento das diretrizes de implementação que uma vez adotadas pelas empresas propiciará a mesma os benefícios relacionados a Produção Mais Limpa (P+L).
The environment has been the natural source of resources to provide well-being to human needs. The manufacturing industry are the main consumers of natural resources that remove them from the environment at some point along the production chain. Because of the productive activities of the companies, the environment assimilates the consumption of nonrenewable resources, the inability to recover its environmental functions and the degradation caused by the impacts of the waste and emissions. Social and governmental pressures express the desire to protect the environment towards the concept of sustainability of productions systems. Many proposals and tools have emerged along the world, one of them made jointly by globally recognized entities such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), entitled Cleaner Production (CP) and aims to avoid controlling the pollution caused by waste and emissions before it occurs. This thesis proposes guidelines for implementation and management of CP principles, as a preventive strategy against pollution for manufacturing industry of injected plastic shoes. A bibliographical research contemplated the most cited articles in publications of international scope and generated a theoretical reference that based the basis for the formulation of the guidelines for implementation and management of CP principles. The theoretical reference supported a protocol that guided the data collection in a qualitative research of the multiple case study. The case study mapped the productive process of the companies researched and allowed the researcher to experience the reality of these companies and check the confrontation between theory and practices in relation to the 14 principles of CP selected in literature. After collect data in a total of six companies, two of each, micro, small and medium size, the transversally of the cross analysis allowed generalize the application of the principles in relation to reality to support the development of the guidelines which once adopted by the companies will provide the same benefits related to Cleaner Production (CP).
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Melo, João Carlos de Santa-Rita Mercês de. "Implementação de um sistema ERP numa MPE." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16526.

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Mestrado em Ciências Empresariais
No contexto empresarial, os sistemas de informação e as tecnologias de informação são um fator essencial para as organizações. As empresas poderão investir mais ou menos em sistemas de informação, mas independentemente disso, um dos investimentos que poderá ter mais impacto no quotidiano de uma empresa é a implementação de um sistema ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), que oferece inúmeras vantagens para a eficiência e eficácia das operações. Por outro lado, sendo que uma implementação destas pode implicar custos elevados, por vezes acaba por não ser numa solução viável em empresas de menores dimensões. Através de métodos qualitativos, foi feito um estudo a uma micro-empresa com o objetivo de se analisar se a mesma poderia obter benefícios com a implementação de um sistema ERP, e se essa implementação faria sentido, com base numa análise benefício/custo. Foi feita uma pesquisa ao mercado pelas soluções ERP que mais se poderiam adequar à empresa em questão, e após a identificação do melhor cenário de implementação, foi feita uma comparação com o cenário atual da empresa. Conclui-se que os benefícios não seriam significativos e os custos associados a sistemas de informação aumentariam exponencialmente, o que faz com que não seja uma possibilidade viável.
Regarding the enterprise environment, the information systems and information technologies are an essential factor in organizations. Companies may invest more or less in information systems, but regardless of that, one of the most important investments that can positively influence the daily routine of a company is the implementation of an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system, which offers several benefits for the operations efficiency and efficacy. One ERP system implementation may have high costs, and because of that, it may be an unfeasible solution. Through qualitative research, a study was made on a micro-enterprise with the main goal of analyzing if it may benefit from an ERP system implementation, and if that implementation would make sense, comparing the benefits with the associated costs. A market research to the best ERP solutions that could fit into this company's reality was made, and after identifying the best implementation scenario, a comparison of it was made with this company's current scenario. The conclusion is that the benefits would not be significant and the costs related to information system would increase, which confirms that this possibility is not feasible.
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Hervé, Annaële. "lnternationalization and Digitalization of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0011.

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L'avènement des technologies numériques a radicalement transformé les entreprises et les sociétés. Ces transformations sont particulièrement disruptives au regard de la nouvelle réalité du commerce international "connecté". Cependant, les théories traditionnelles sur l'internationalisation des entreprises ne traitent pas spécifiquement des effets omniprésents des technologies numériques. L'objectif de la thèse sur articles est d'étudier l'internationalisation et la numérisation des entreprises et contribuer aux connaissances sur la réalisation d'activités internationales entrepreneuriales et compétitives dans un contexte numérique. Le projet de recherche suggère de relier les dimensions d'intérêt par les comportements entrepreneuriaux des entreprises et des individus et développe un processus conceptuel global qui démontre comment les technologies numériques impactent les comportements entrepreneuriaux et comment façonner de nouvelles opportunités pour améliorer l’intensité d'internationalisation
In recent years, the advent of digital technologies has radically transformed the business world and societies paradigms. The current transformations are particularly disruptive with regard to the new reality of digital connected global trade. However, traditional theories and models on internationalization of firms do not specifically address the pervasive effects of digital technologies. The purpose of the paper-based dissertation is to study the internationalization and digitalization of firms and to contribute to the knowledge on achieving entrepreneurial and competitive international activities in a digital context. By investigating entrepreneurial behaviors of firms and individuals, the research project suggests to link the dimensions of interest through an overall conceptual process that demonstrates how the use of digital technologies impact entrepreneurial behaviors and how this might shape new opportunities to enhance the propensity for internationalization
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Mbinda, Bukelwa. "Constraints facing small medium and micro enterprises in Khayelitsha, Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2048.

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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.
The aim of this study was to determine the extent of constraints to entrepreneurial development in the townships supporting the Cape Town economy, specifically that of Khayelitsha, and to establish whether any government incentives were available to develop this township economy. These small, medium and micro sized businesses face numerous constraints. The vital role of small businesses in stimulating economic activity, in poverty alleviation, and in the raising of living standards, has been widely recognised in most countries. In fact, in several countries, small businesses are used as catalysts to generate economic activities within relatively poor communities. The City of Cape Town has developed economic initiatives to provide assistance to entrepreneurs with recommendations on how innovations should be encouraged to help entrepreneurs in such poor communities as Khayelitsha to start new businesses, and to create jobs. In order to obtain information on the Khayelitsha business community both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Questionnaires were employed to answer open and closed ended questions dealing with economic activities in the area, as well as interviews with formal and informal business persons. Generally, the findings reveal numerous constraints of trade facing businesses in Khayelitsha including governmental restrictions, lack of a skilled workforce, poor infrastructure, and services delivery. The recommendations made could lead to an improvement in operating conditions as this study argues that the existence of positive business conditions, in terms of social, economic, and personal factors, are necessary for business ventures and entrepreneurs to succeed. However, innovation is essential for small businesses to be able to respond effectively to the changing environment that has been triggered by globalisation forces.
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Books on the topic "Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)"

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Lohana, Sarika. Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) for Inclusive Growth. New Delhi, India: New Century Publications, 2014.

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Enhancing the competitiveness of micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Uganda. Kampala: Ministry of Finance, Planning, and Economic Development, 2008.

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editor, Lahiri Rajib, Roy Avik Ranjan editor, and India University Grants Commission, eds. Impact of globalisation on micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in India. Kolkata: Rachayita, 2013.

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Zimbabwe. HIV and AIDS policy for the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Zimbabwe. Harare: International Labour Organization, Sub-Regional Office, 2008.

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Zimbabwe. HIV and AIDS policy for the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Zimbabwe. Harare: International Labour Organization, Sub-Regional Office, 2008.

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Zimbabwe. HIV and AIDS policy for the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Zimbabwe. Harare: International Labour Organization, Sub-Regional Office, 2008.

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ILO Sub Regional Office for Southern Africa. HIV and AIDS policy for the micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) in Zimbabwe. Harare: International Labour Organization, Sub-Regional Office, 2008.

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Sudarsan, K. Financing micro, small & medium enterprises. Ambala City: Associated Publishers, 2010.

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Institute of Small Enterprises and Development (Cochin, India), ed. India micro, small & medium enterprises report, 2012. Cochin: ISED Small Enterprise Observatory, 2012.

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Institute of Small Enterprises and Development (Cochin, India), ed. India micro, small & medium enterprises report 2010. Cochin: Institute of Small Enterprises and Development, 2010.

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Book chapters on the topic "Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)"

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Raj, Rajesh S. N., and Subash Sasidharan. "Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in India." In Small Firm Ownership and Credit Constraints in India, 48–89. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003141310-4.

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Raj, Rajesh S. N., and Subash Sasidharan. "Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Access to Finance and Policy Initiatives." In Small Firm Ownership and Credit Constraints in India, 31–47. Milton Park, Abingdon, Oxon ; New York, NY : Routledge, 2021.: Routledge India, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003141310-3.

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Shivany, S. "Linkages with Micro Small Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) for Sustainable Higher Education in Management." In Future of Business and Finance, 393–412. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62171-1_19.

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Harvie, Charles. "Micro-, Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises (MSMEs): Challenges, Opportunities and Sustainability in East Asia." In Trade Logistics in Landlocked and Resource Cursed Asian Countries, 155–74. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-6814-1_7.

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Tairas, David Ronald, Rosnaini Daga, Nur Fatwa, Lin Yola, and S. Basir. "Responsible Waste Management of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Toward Jakarta Sustainable Development." In ICSDEMS 2019, 273–80. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-3765-3_28.

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Sathana, V., T. Velnampy, and S. Rajumesh. "Role of Innovative Marketing Strategy for Success of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)." In Future of Business and Finance, 57–79. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-62171-1_4.

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Sousa, Sabrina R., José A. Oliveira, José R. A. Silva, and Marcos B. C. Pimentel. "Ecodesign Strategies in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) of the Electronic Sector: a Brazilian Standpoint." In Design for Innovative Value Towards a Sustainable Society, 762–66. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-3010-6_154.

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Raimi, Lukman, and Ifeatu Uzodinma. "Trends in Financing Programmes for the Development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Nigeria: A Qualitative Meta-synthesis." In Contemporary Developments in Entrepreneurial Finance, 81–101. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-17612-9_4.

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Schmidt, Torsten. "Cooperation with Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises Boosts Commercialization." In The Nano-Micro Interface, 49–57. Weinheim, FRG: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/3527604111.ch4.

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Schmidt, Torsten, Nadine Teusler, and Andreas Baar. "Position and Vision of Small- and Medium-Sized Enterprises Boosting Commercialization." In The Nano-Micro Interface, 599–612. Weinheim, Germany: Wiley-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9783527679195.ch29.

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Conference papers on the topic "Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)"

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Ardhanariswari, Kartika Ayu, Ninik Probosari, and Ari Wijayanti. "Branding Strategy By Social Media Ads And The Implementation Of Intellectual Property Rights In Wonogiri Coffee SMES (UMKM)." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.189.

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In fact, many Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs/UMKM) are not yet aware of the importance of branding for competitiveness and not aware of the importance of protecting intellectual property rights and more focused on aspects of product sales. Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs/UMKM) play an important and strategic role in building the national economy. Seeing the fairly good conditions above, it turns out that the existence of Coffee MSMEs in Wonogiri Regency, Central Java still has several obstacles, namely in branding / promotional media and also protection of Trademark Intellectual Property Rights. Because it is very important for every Coffee MSME to have a strategy and approach that is clear and unique to an identity to be poured into branding through social media or other digital media. To strengthen coffee MSMEs in Wonogiri Regency, one of the important strategies to implement is to provide awareness dissemination of the importance of branding/brands for MSMEs and also assistance in branding through social media as the identity of MSMEs. Branding strategies need to be done in order to build the image and identity of the products produced by MSMEs that are able to influence consumers to have positive perceptions of the products, characters, abilities, appearance and offers that are being promoted. The last most important problem for MSME actors is that there is no awareness of the importance of legal protection regarding Intellectual Property Rights regarding Trademarks, Copyrights, and Industrial Designs. So there is a concern that the product is plagiarized by others or is prosecuted legally because there are products that have the same trademark.
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Yunus, Hatta, Naili Farida, Retno Astuti, Andi Wijayanto, Kismartini Kismartini, and Galuh Rakasiwi. "Collaboration Strengthening among Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) in Central Java during Covid-19." In Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Indonesian Social and Political Enquiries, ICISPE 2020, 9-10 October 2020, Semarang, Indonesia. EAI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.9-10-2020.2304786.

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Maulana, Hartomi, Khoirul Umam, Rahma Astuti, Eko Cahyo, and Roghiebah Faradisi. "Environmental aspects of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Business, Law And Pedagogy, ICBLP 2019, 13-15 February 2019, Sidoarjo, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.13-2-2019.2286196.

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Setyaningrum, Tuti, Sari Virgawati, and Maftuh Kafiya. "Urban Farming With The Biopharmaceutical Crops To Develop Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (Msme) Of Healthy Beverages Production." In LPPM UPN "VETERAN" Yogyakarta International Conference Series 2020. RSF Press & RESEARCH SYNERGY FOUNDATION, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31098/pss.v1i1.184.

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Recently, it is quite difficult to find an area for cultivation in the city, therefore, the backyard area in every family house in the city is also used as a farming area known as the urban farming system. The Farmer Group in the city of Yogyakarta, namely the Wijaya Kusuma Farmer Group (WK), has developed this urban farming system in their home yards by growing vegetables and fruits. With the COVID pandemic, they plan to cultivate empon-empon, herbal plants which have benefits to increase the body immunity or known as biopharmaceutical crops. Meanwhile, the Lombok Ijo Farmer Group (LI), which is in the same area as the WK, is more oriented towards making a healthy beverage from empon-empon. However, in this pandemic situation, the price of raw material for herbal drink has increased significantly. In this case, a collaboration between those two farmer groups is needed by utilizing the empon-empon cultivation produced from the WK to meet the raw material needs for herbal drinks produced by the LI. To ensure that both farmer gro ups reach good quality products and able to meet the standards for developing SMSE, it needs to assist in cultivation, post-harvest processing, until product packaging, and marketing by training.
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Hayet, Hayet, and Eddy Suratman. "The Determinant of Non-Performing Financing on Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) Financing of Islamic Banking in Indonesia." In Proceedings of the 1st Conference on Islamic Finance and Technology, CIFET, 21 September, Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.21-9-2019.2293967.

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Syihabudin, Syihabudin, and Rangga Gumelar. "Digital Marketing Communication Development On Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (Msme) In Era 4.0 Based On Sharia Economic (Case Study Msme Domas Village, Pontang District)." In The First International Conference On Islamic Development Studies 2019, ICIDS 2019, 10 September 2019, Bandar Lampung, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.10-9-2019.2289374.

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Mulyani, Heni, and Ajang Mulyadi. "Community-based MSMEs (Micro, Small, Medium Enterprises) Financing Model to Increase Bussiness Independence." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics, Business, Entrepreneurship, and Finance (ICEBEF 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icebef-18.2019.11.

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Mashudi, Mashudi, Kholidin Kholidin, Anafil Windriya, and Stacia Mege. "The Rise of MSME (Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises): A Critical Review from Contributive Perspective in Improving Human Development Index (HDI)." In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Social Sciences, ICSS 2019, 5-6 November 2019, Jakarta, Indonesia. EAI, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.5-11-2019.2292506.

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Indrayana, I. N. E., I. K. G. Sudiartha, I. P. Sutawinaya, N. G. A. P. H. Saptarini, and N. M. Wirasyanti D P. "Design And Implementation of Mobile Finance Application For Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs)." In Proceedings of the International Conference on Science and Technology (ICST 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icst-18.2018.216.

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Koto, Murviana, Prawidya R. S, and Baladhil Komala. "Exploratory Studies, The Implementation Of Financial Technology In Micro, Small And Medium Enterprises (Msmes)." In Proceedings of the 1st International Conference on Economics, Management, Accounting and Business, ICEMAB 2018, 8-9 October 2018, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. EAI, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4108/eai.8-10-2018.2288659.

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Reports on the topic "Micro Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME)"

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Putriastuti, Massita Ayu Cindy, Vivi Fitriyanti, and Muhammad Razin Abdullah. Leveraging the Potential of Crowdfunding for Financing Renewable Energy. Purnomo Yusgiantoro Center, June 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.33116/br.002.

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• Renewable energy (RE) projects in Indonesia usually have IRR between 10% and 15% and PP around 6 to 30 years • Attractive return usually could be found in large scale RE projects, although there are numerous other factors involved including technology developments, capacity scale, power purchasing price agreements, project locations, as well as interest rates and applied incentives. • Crowdfunding (CF) has big potential to contribute to the financing of RE projects especially financing small scale RE projects. • P2P lending usually targeted short-term loans with high interest rates. Therefore, it cannot be employed as an alternative financing for RE projects in Indonesia. • Three types of CF that can be employed as an alternative for RE project funding in Indonesia. Namely, securities, reward, and donation-based CF. In addition, hybrid models such as securities-reward and reward-donation could also be explored according to the project profitability. • Several benefits offer by securities crowdfunding (SCF) compared to conventional banking and P2P lending, as follows: (1) issuer do not need to pledge assets as collateral; (2) do not require to pay instalment each month; (3) issuer share risks with investors with no obligation to cover the investor’s loss; (4) applicable for micro, small, medium, enterprises (MSMEs) with no complex requirements; and (5) there is possibility to attract investors with bring specific value. • Several challenges that need to be tackled such as the uncertainty of RE regulations; (1) issuer’s inability in managing the system and business; (2) the absence of third parties in bridging between CF platform and potential issuer from RE project owner; (3) the lack of financial literacy of the potential funders; and (4) lastly the inadequacy of study regarding potential funders in escalating the RE utilisation in Indonesia.
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Enfield, Sue. Covid-19 Impact on Employment and Skills for the Labour Market. Institute of Development Studies (IDS), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/k4d.2021.081.

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This literature review draws from academic and grey literature, published largely as institutional reports and blogs. Most information found considered global impacts on employment and the labour market with the particular impact for the very high numbers of youth, women, migrant workers, and people with disabilities who are more likely to be employed in the informal sector. There has been a high negative impact on the informal sector and for precariously employed groups. The informal labour market is largest in low and middle-income countries and engages 2 billion workers (62 percent) of the global workforce (currently around 3.3 billion). Particularly in low- and middle-income countries, hard-hit sectors have a high proportion of workers in informal employment and workers with limited access to health services and social protection. Economic contractions are particularly challenging for micro, small, and medium enterprises to weather. Reduced working hours and staff reductions both increase worker poverty and hardship. Women, migrant workers, and youth form a major part of the workforce in the informal economy since they are more likely to work in these vulnerable, low-paying informal jobs where there are few protections, and they are not reached by government support measures. Young people have been affected in two ways as many have had their education interrupted; those in work these early years of employment (with its continued important learning on the job) have been interrupted or in some cases ended.
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What are the most effective programs to support micro, small and medium enterprises in creating employment? International Initiative for Impact Evaluation (3ie), February 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.23846/b/ob/202110.

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