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Taiwo, Olusade. "Evaluation of the effects of micro, small and medium enterprises finance policy on job creation in Nigeria." University of the Western Cape, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/6956.
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Philosophiae Doctor - PhDThe researcher attempted to assess the effectiveness of Bank of Agriculture (BOA) microloan scheme on job creation among micro and small enterprises. This is in view of the unprecedented rise in the unemployment rate in Nigeria and the widely perceived belief that among other policies, harnessing the financial capacity of micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) may possibly dictate the pace of the country’s achievement of job creation. Despite a wide array of studies on MSME growth, only a handful of rigorous studies are available to provide evidence of the effect of finance on labour market outcomes in the sector, as well as on the use of more relevant assessment techniques on the performance of public policies and interventions related to MSME financing. Through the use of mixed methods including questionnaire administration, key informant interviews, focused group discussions and desk research, this research undertook a theory of change-based assessment of Bank of Agriculture microfinance scheme, to assess the extent to which the scheme is effective in contributing to the achievement of the MSME Policy’s fundamental objective of job creation. Descriptive statistics using frequency tables and graphs as well as OECD COTE (Coherence, Objectives, Targets and Evaluation) Framework for policy formulation were applied as methods of analysis. The findings show a fundamental flaw in relation to the lack of strategic alignment of the Bank of Agriculture (BOA) operations with the MSME Policy. The Bank is seen to be operating in a silo as the strategic direction the MSME tilt does not seem to derive from the overall MSME Policy. BOA is also not seen to be positioned to engage the practice of performance measurement and reporting generally and in particular of the fundamental objective of job creation, as stipulated in the MSME Financing Policy of government. It was also revealed that a majority of enterprises that took BOA microloans loans were not able to create jobs as many of them were operating as “survivalists”. Although the BOA microloan scheme is potentially capable of supporting targeted growth-oriented microenterprises in specific trades to create jobs, given the attractive concessional terms, the Bank is not achieving this objective in its present state and form neither is it seen to be positioned to do so due to several supply and demand side factors. An ongoing reform process in the Bank during this research period may be able to address part of this concern if more strategic steps are taken to surmount the constraints. Furthermore, BOA does not have a functional performance measurement framework and monitoring and evaluation system that can be used as the basis for measuring goal attainment such as the goal of job creation, especially in relation to the outcomes of the provision of financial services to the MSME sector. For BOA to be successful and truly developmental in focus especially in relation to its contribution to the strategic objective of job creation, the study therefore recommended the key thrust of a new framework for addressing the current unemployment situation to include an effective alignment of macro, meso (sectoral) and micro policies. At the (micro) institutional level, it is recommended that BOA should: • improve its governance and management system as well as the integration of development impact considerations and measurement; • create innovative financing products for growth-oriented microenterprises especially through cluster financing and cluster-based development; • increase wholesale lending through the provision of on-lending products to performing microfinance institutions (MFIs); • engage the services of BDS organisations to source for credible clients and build clients’ entrepreneurial capacity including assisting them to access markets. In line with the need to integrate development impact considerations and measurement into its entire operations, the researcher designed a monitoring and evaluation framework that can enhance the tracking of the attainment of job creation policy goal in BOA microloan scheme. In this vein, the institution is to adopt formal “lessons learnt” mechanisms to integrate evaluation findings into future activities and “put development back into development banking” (Smallridge, 2017). At the meso level in the study context, horizontal cooperation is recommended where all relevant institutions are aligned and the impact of various policy measures on entrepreneurship and job creation are taken into account. Lastly, an employment – sensitive macro-economic framework must pursue: the relaxation of monetary and credit conditions that are supportive of employment creation in the economy; fiscal prudence in the context of exploiting fiscal space to accommodate investments with high employment potentials; use of legislative mechanisms for ensuring full and effective implementation of annual budgets, program and projects at all levels and development and effective use of computerised Labour Market Information System (LMIS) for Nigeria.
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Contreras, Reyna Karina Rosas. "Evaluating micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) development programmes in Mexico : a practical participatory approach." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:5601.
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This thesis is about a participatory approach to evaluation of development programmes for micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) in Mexico. It advocates the use of intangible factors (stakeholders' claims, concerns and issues) and the participation of stakeholders in the process of evaluation. This evaluation approach could complement conventional approaches used to evaluate programmes for MSMEs in Mexico. In considering these ideas, this research explored the evolution of evaluation identified by Guba and Lincoln and noted some of the problems faced in the evaluation of programmes for MSMEs (e.g. absence of clear objectives, difficulties in expressing the objectives in quantifiable measures and inappropriateness to deal with social behaviour inquiry). This research proposed a shift towards a qualitative evaluation approach and developed a Situationally Responsive Practical Participatory Evaluation (SRPPE) approach. This approach relied upon the accommodation of Guba and Lincoln's Fourth Generation Evaluation and Patton's Utilization-focused evaluation. In this sense, the term accommodation refers to the integration of their methodologies from a practical point of view and their use in parallel from a theoretical point of view. The SRPPE approach considered the claims, concerns and issues (CC&I) of the programme stakeholders as inputs of the evaluation. These refer to the favourable and unfavourable assertions related to the programme and to the declarations of disagreement between stakeholders of the programme. The CC&I are used to analyse components such as decision-making, political, learning and characteristics of the evaluator. The output of the evaluation process promotes conceptual, symbolic and instrumental uses of the evaluation. This approach was tested using a constructivist and interpretivist methodology in which the nominal group technique and focus groups were used to collect information. The information was analysed and interpreted by following a qualitative approach and case studies were used to describe the structure and outcomes of the evaluation of two Mexican programmes for MSMEs. The findings of the research project suggested that an evaluation approach which considered intangible factors helped to understand the programmes, revealed the different views stakeholders had, unveiled conflicts due to different stakeholders' interests and provided a guide towards programme improvement.
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Malamulo, Terence Crayl. "The nexus between growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and youth employment in Eritrea." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30459.
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Economic growth and development are strategic for the overall development of a country. Micro, small and medium enterprises play a surmountable role in economic growth and development. Among other contributions, they provide jobs in an economy. Several developing countries, such as Eritrea, face limited private sector growth, yet also have the need to invest in the creation of enough and decent job for youths. Hence, this study intended to identify the prominent factors that deter the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises as well as the connection between their growth and youth employment, using a case study of Eritrea. The study used econometric research method. Through stratified sampling and a questionnaire, it collected data from 76 micro, small and medium enterprises. In the analysis, it used ordinal and binary logistic regressions, chi-square and correlation tests. The study concludes that there is no sufficient evidence that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises influences youth employment. It finds that the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises is deterred by obstructive access to raw materials, obstructive banking regulations and obstructive general business regulations and policies. The study recommends improvement of the macro-economic conditions for pro-business sector growth, establishment of a policy on development of micro, small and medium enterprises, and a gradual liberalization of the private economy. Further, it proposes an impact investing based growth model of micro, small and medium enterprises to increase certainty on employment creation contribution. It suggests that an investment in micro, small and medium enterprises for youth employment creation that does not address the identified deterrents faces a significant impact risk.
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Worku, Eshetu Bekele. "Efficiency and Social Capital in Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises: the Case of Ethiopia." Thesis, University of the Western Cape, 2008. http://etd.uwc.ac.za/index.php?module=etd&action=viewtitle&id=gen8Srv25Nme4_2168_1263780307.
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This study extends the existing literature on how social networks enhance the performance and sustainability of small enterprises. More specifically, the study isolates and investigates the mechanisms through which social capital helps with the growth and survival of MSMEs. The evidence presented in this study strongly suggests that an indigenous social network widely practiced in Ethiopia, the &ldquo
iqqub&rdquo
, contributes significantly to the start-up, survival and development of urban MSMEs.
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RoldaÌn, Roberto Ernesto Villaseñor. "Management learning in the context of Mexican micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs) : an exploratory study." Thesis, University of Hull, 2004. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.412485.
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Williamson, T. "To what extent can universities create a sustainable system to support MSMEs? : a focus on the West Midlands region." Thesis, Coventry University, 2015. http://curve.coventry.ac.uk/open/items/ec3ee2df-ad9e-4129-96fa-9dc96cb32d37/1.
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Micro, Small and Medium sized enterprises (MSMEs) represent 99.9% of businesses in the UK and they face significant challenges with regards to start-up, survival and growth. Their ability to deal with these challenges is assisted, in some cases, by the provision of business support funded by the public sector. Unfortunately, despite the volume of such businesses, there remains a significant lack of qualitative data into the MSME sector, and their use of university led business support. This thesis examined the business support agenda, the support needs of MSMEs, the role of universities in the provision of business support, and the needs of public funding bodies, with regards to economic sustainability and growth in the West Midlands. The choice to focus on the West Midlands region was largely pragmatic; the researcher has existing relationships with the small business community and University networks within the region allowing for a comparable study of stakeholders with similar environmental, political and economical challenges. Whilst the findings are therefore in relation to the West Midlands region, they have been compared to secondary data and theoretical frameworks in order to propose a contribution, which is applicable to a wider audience. The thesis adopted an exploratory, interpretivist methodology with an emphasis on the practical importance of the research results. Through an explanatory sequential mixed methods approach, surveys were used to collect data from MSME business owners, followed by in-depth interviews with university staff in order to produce institutional case studies. The surveys with MSME owners identified a need for support that was free, local, face-to-face and delivered by an organisation with a good reputation for delivering business support. The survey data also indicated confusion amongst MSME owners about the availability of support from universities, as well as questions around the quality of support provided by universities and its impact. The interviews, and case studies, revealed a significant level of interest, and a feeling of responsibility, from universities towards supporting the MSME community. However there were consistent challenges around funding, sustainability, resources, flexibility of delivery, and the longevity of any enterprise strategy. The research makes a useful contribution to knowledge through the development of multiple case studies and the development of a conceptual framework for a sustainable system of university led, MSME business support. The model, and analysis, considers the detailed experiences, challenges and opportunities from the stakeholders and proposed a sustainable support system. This contribution to literature provides a unique perspective for both practical application and for the research community to utilise further.
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Carvalho, Filho José [UNESP]. "Diretrizes para implantação de princípios e gestão da produção mais limpa em micro, pequenas e médias empresas de calçados plásticos." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/152118.
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Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O meio ambiente tem sido a fonte natural de recursos para oferecer bem-estar às necessidades humanas. As empresas de transformação são as principais consumidoras dos recursos naturais, que em algum momento da cadeia produtiva foram retirados do ambiente. Como resultado das atividades produtivas das empresas, o meio ambiente assimila a perda de recursos não renováveis, a incapacidade de recuperar suas funções e a degradação causada pelos impactos ambientais, motivados por resíduos e emissões. As pressões sociais e governamentais expressam o desejo de proteger o meio ambiente por meio do conceito de sustentabilidade dos sistemas produtivos. Muitas propostas e ferramentas tem surgido no cenário mundial, uma delas feita em conjunto por entidades mundialmente reconhecidas, como o Programa das Nações Unidas para o Meio ambiente (PNUMA), e a Conferência das Nações Unidas para o Meio ambiente e Desenvolvimento (CNUMAD), foi intitulada Produção Mais Limpa (P+L) e se propõe a evitar a controlar a poluição causada por resíduos e emissões antes que ocorra. Esta tese propõe diretrizes para implantação e gestão de princípios da P+L, como estratégia preventiva contra poluição para as empresas produtoras de calçados plásticos injetados. Essas diretrizes foram propostas a partir da fundamentação teórica obtida de uma pesquisa bibliográfica que contemplou os artigos mais citados em publicações de abrangência internacional. O referencial teórico obtido sobre o assunto deu suporte para a elaboração de um questionário semiestruturado que orientou a coleta de dados em uma pesquisa qualitativa do tipo estudo de casos múltiplos, que mapeou o processo produtivo das empresas desse extrato e permitiu o pesquisador vivenciar a realidade dessas empresas e verificar o confronto entre a teoria e a prática em relação aos 14 princípios da P+L selecionados na literatura sobre o assunto. Após a coleta dos dados em empresas de porte micro, pequenas e médias, sendo duas de cada porte num total de seis empresas estudadas, a transversalidade da analise cruzada permitiu a generalizar a aplicação dos princípios em relação a realidade para dar suporte ao desenvolvimento das diretrizes de implementação que uma vez adotadas pelas empresas propiciará a mesma os benefícios relacionados a Produção Mais Limpa (P+L).
The environment has been the natural source of resources to provide well-being to human needs. The manufacturing industry are the main consumers of natural resources that remove them from the environment at some point along the production chain. Because of the productive activities of the companies, the environment assimilates the consumption of nonrenewable resources, the inability to recover its environmental functions and the degradation caused by the impacts of the waste and emissions. Social and governmental pressures express the desire to protect the environment towards the concept of sustainability of productions systems. Many proposals and tools have emerged along the world, one of them made jointly by globally recognized entities such as the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP), and the United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED), entitled Cleaner Production (CP) and aims to avoid controlling the pollution caused by waste and emissions before it occurs. This thesis proposes guidelines for implementation and management of CP principles, as a preventive strategy against pollution for manufacturing industry of injected plastic shoes. A bibliographical research contemplated the most cited articles in publications of international scope and generated a theoretical reference that based the basis for the formulation of the guidelines for implementation and management of CP principles. The theoretical reference supported a protocol that guided the data collection in a qualitative research of the multiple case study. The case study mapped the productive process of the companies researched and allowed the researcher to experience the reality of these companies and check the confrontation between theory and practices in relation to the 14 principles of CP selected in literature. After collect data in a total of six companies, two of each, micro, small and medium size, the transversally of the cross analysis allowed generalize the application of the principles in relation to reality to support the development of the guidelines which once adopted by the companies will provide the same benefits related to Cleaner Production (CP).
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Melo, João Carlos de Santa-Rita Mercês de. "Implementação de um sistema ERP numa MPE." Master's thesis, Instituto Superior de Economia e Gestão, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/16526.
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Mestrado em Ciências EmpresariaisNo contexto empresarial, os sistemas de informação e as tecnologias de informação são um fator essencial para as organizações. As empresas poderão investir mais ou menos em sistemas de informação, mas independentemente disso, um dos investimentos que poderá ter mais impacto no quotidiano de uma empresa é a implementação de um sistema ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning), que oferece inúmeras vantagens para a eficiência e eficácia das operações. Por outro lado, sendo que uma implementação destas pode implicar custos elevados, por vezes acaba por não ser numa solução viável em empresas de menores dimensões. Através de métodos qualitativos, foi feito um estudo a uma micro-empresa com o objetivo de se analisar se a mesma poderia obter benefícios com a implementação de um sistema ERP, e se essa implementação faria sentido, com base numa análise benefício/custo. Foi feita uma pesquisa ao mercado pelas soluções ERP que mais se poderiam adequar à empresa em questão, e após a identificação do melhor cenário de implementação, foi feita uma comparação com o cenário atual da empresa. Conclui-se que os benefícios não seriam significativos e os custos associados a sistemas de informação aumentariam exponencialmente, o que faz com que não seja uma possibilidade viável.
Regarding the enterprise environment, the information systems and information technologies are an essential factor in organizations. Companies may invest more or less in information systems, but regardless of that, one of the most important investments that can positively influence the daily routine of a company is the implementation of an ERP (Enterprise Resource Planning) system, which offers several benefits for the operations efficiency and efficacy. One ERP system implementation may have high costs, and because of that, it may be an unfeasible solution. Through qualitative research, a study was made on a micro-enterprise with the main goal of analyzing if it may benefit from an ERP system implementation, and if that implementation would make sense, comparing the benefits with the associated costs. A market research to the best ERP solutions that could fit into this company's reality was made, and after identifying the best implementation scenario, a comparison of it was made with this company's current scenario. The conclusion is that the benefits would not be significant and the costs related to information system would increase, which confirms that this possibility is not feasible.
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
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Hervé, Annaële. "lnternationalization and Digitalization of micro-, small- and medium-sized enterprises." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021LORR0011.
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L'avènement des technologies numériques a radicalement transformé les entreprises et les sociétés. Ces transformations sont particulièrement disruptives au regard de la nouvelle réalité du commerce international "connecté". Cependant, les théories traditionnelles sur l'internationalisation des entreprises ne traitent pas spécifiquement des effets omniprésents des technologies numériques. L'objectif de la thèse sur articles est d'étudier l'internationalisation et la numérisation des entreprises et contribuer aux connaissances sur la réalisation d'activités internationales entrepreneuriales et compétitives dans un contexte numérique. Le projet de recherche suggère de relier les dimensions d'intérêt par les comportements entrepreneuriaux des entreprises et des individus et développe un processus conceptuel global qui démontre comment les technologies numériques impactent les comportements entrepreneuriaux et comment façonner de nouvelles opportunités pour améliorer l’intensité d'internationalisationIn recent years, the advent of digital technologies has radically transformed the business world and societies paradigms. The current transformations are particularly disruptive with regard to the new reality of digital connected global trade. However, traditional theories and models on internationalization of firms do not specifically address the pervasive effects of digital technologies. The purpose of the paper-based dissertation is to study the internationalization and digitalization of firms and to contribute to the knowledge on achieving entrepreneurial and competitive international activities in a digital context. By investigating entrepreneurial behaviors of firms and individuals, the research project suggests to link the dimensions of interest through an overall conceptual process that demonstrates how the use of digital technologies impact entrepreneurial behaviors and how this might shape new opportunities to enhance the propensity for internationalization
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Mbinda, Bukelwa. "Constraints facing small medium and micro enterprises in Khayelitsha, Western Cape." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2048.
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Thesis (MTech (Business Administration))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.The aim of this study was to determine the extent of constraints to entrepreneurial development in the townships supporting the Cape Town economy, specifically that of Khayelitsha, and to establish whether any government incentives were available to develop this township economy. These small, medium and micro sized businesses face numerous constraints. The vital role of small businesses in stimulating economic activity, in poverty alleviation, and in the raising of living standards, has been widely recognised in most countries. In fact, in several countries, small businesses are used as catalysts to generate economic activities within relatively poor communities. The City of Cape Town has developed economic initiatives to provide assistance to entrepreneurs with recommendations on how innovations should be encouraged to help entrepreneurs in such poor communities as Khayelitsha to start new businesses, and to create jobs. In order to obtain information on the Khayelitsha business community both qualitative and quantitative approaches were used. Questionnaires were employed to answer open and closed ended questions dealing with economic activities in the area, as well as interviews with formal and informal business persons. Generally, the findings reveal numerous constraints of trade facing businesses in Khayelitsha including governmental restrictions, lack of a skilled workforce, poor infrastructure, and services delivery. The recommendations made could lead to an improvement in operating conditions as this study argues that the existence of positive business conditions, in terms of social, economic, and personal factors, are necessary for business ventures and entrepreneurs to succeed. However, innovation is essential for small businesses to be able to respond effectively to the changing environment that has been triggered by globalisation forces.
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Denner, Lize. "Information organisation in small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53465.
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Thesis (MA)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The study was conducted to determine the need of SMMEs with regard to the availability and organisation of information. Literature on the subjects of information that is available in SMMEs and how this information should be organised was studied to determine whether it provides SMMEs with enough knowledge to find external information and extract internal information. The literature regarding information management and organisation was also studied to determine whether it can be used by a owner/manager of an SMME to organise its information in such a way that it can be retrieved and used. The study also included an empirical part with the purpose of discovering the current practices regarding the collection, organisation and use of information in SMMEs. Twenty-four structured interviews were conducted in four towns, namely Kuilsriver, Stellenbosch, Upington and Makhado (Louis Trichardt). During the interviews a questionnaire was used to investigate the uses of computers, the availability and need for information from the external and internal environment, and lastly electronic and manual systems used to organise information. When the interviews were concluded the systems were, especially the electronic folder systems, further investigated through observation. This provided an excellent opportunity to discover the usefulness of a system and even what type of information is really available and needed. It was found that SMME owner/managers are mostly aware of internal information, but do not know how to extract it or what other application possibilities it has. External information is not widely available or used. The only external information available is that which the SMMEs are required to have by law. Information organisation, although critically important to all SMMEs, was mostly not done effectively. Electronic folder structures and manual filing systems are mostly used for information organisation, but they are not effectively used because of lack of skill and no other literature or association to turn to. To assist SMMEs in the development of a folder structure system a number of guidelines are provided that will help to design a natural or structured language system tailored to the specific needs of the business.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die studie is gedoen om vas te stel wat klein, medium en mikro ondernemings se behoeftes rakende die beskikbaarheid en die organisering van inligting, is. Literatuur wat hierdie twee onderwerpsareas dek, is bestudeer om vas te stel of dit genoeg kennis aan die ondernemings oordra om eksterne inligting op te spoor, en interne inligting te onttrek. Literatuur wat handel oor inligtingsbestuur en inligtingsorganisering is bestudeer om uit te vind of dit deur 'n eienaar/bestuurder van 'n klein onderneming gebruik sou kon word om inligting te organiseer, sodat dit weer opgespoor kan word. 'n Empiriese studie het ook deeI uitgemaak van die algehele studie en het daarop gefokus om vas te stel wat die huidige praktyke rakende versameling, organisering en gebruik van inligting in klein ondernemings is. Vier en twintig gestruktureerde onderhoude is in vier dorpe, naamlik Kuilsrivier, Stellenbosch, Upington en Makhado (Louis Trichardt), gevoer. Gedurende die onderhoude is 'n vraelys gebruik om ondersoek in te stel na die gebruike van rekenaars, die beskikbaarheid en gebruik van interne en eksterne inligting en, laastens, die elektroniese en handstelsels wat gebruik word in klein ondernemings. Na afloop van die onderhoude is stelsels verder ondersoek deur middel van observasie van veral elektroniese leergidsstelsels. Die observasie het 'n guldige geleentheid gebied om die bruikbaarheid van die stelsel en selfs die inligtingsbehoeftes van die onderneming te toets. Daar is bevind dat die eienaars/bestuurders van klein ondernemings wel bewus is van die interne inligting, maar nie die kennis het om dit te herwin of om inligting in ander prosesse toe te pas nie. Eksterne inligting word nie algemeen gebruik nie. Die enigste wat meestal voorkom is eksterne inligting wat volgens wet in die besit van die onderneming moet wees. Inligtingsorganisering is wel as van kritieke belang aangedui deur alle klein besighede, maar in die meeste word dit glad nie effektief toegepas nie. Elektroniese leerqidsstelsels en liasseerkabinette word algemeen gebruik, maar 'n tekort aan vaardighede en literatuur om leiding te gee veroorsaak dat hulle nie effektief gebruik kan word nie. Om klein besighede behulpsaam te wees met die ontwikkeling van leerstelsels is 'n aantal riglyne verskaf. Hierdie riglyne sal die klein besighede van hulp kan wees in die ontwikkeling van 'n natuurlike- of gestruktuurde taal stelsel wat by die behoeftes van die besigheid aangepas kan word.
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Shin, Joonho. "Micro Multinational Enterprises and the Internationalization of Small and Medium Sized Enterprises: Contextual and Organizational Factors." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Ramon Llull, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/461712.
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Les principals teories de negocis internacionals afirmen que hi ha una relació positiva entre el grau d'internacionalització d'una empresa i el seu acompliment, atès que la internacionalització ofereix a les empreses l'oportunitat de créixer i millorar la seva competitivitat. Tot i les limitacions de recursos per expandir-se geogràficament, les PIMES han mostrat una alta i creixent propensió a internacionalitzar-se, demostrant que les empreses no han de ser grans per tenir èxit en els mercats estrangers.
La pregunta general de recerca que aquesta tesi pretén respondre és: ¿quins factors contextuals i organitzacionals permeten a les PIMES internacionalitzar-se, superant les limitacions degudes a la seva reduïda grandària, adoptar modalitats d'entrada que requereixen un alt compromís de recursos, i maximitzar el rendiment?
La tesi examina diferents factors contextuals i organitzacionals que incideixen en la relació entre el grau d'internacionalització i l'acompliment en el context específic de les PIMES i d'un subgrup de PIMES particularment interessant, les micro-multinacionals. Els estudis previs sobre la relació internacionalització-rendiment (I-R) s'han centrat en les grans empreses multinacionals, mentre que la internacionalització de les pimes que utilitzen modes d'entrada de major compromís ha rebut molt escassa atenció. La tesi proporciona una explicació teòrica i empírica de l'efecte moderador de diversos factors contextuals i organitzacionals en la relació I-R en diferents nivells d'internacionalització. Per a això, s'integren en el marc teòric de la tesi la literatura sobre la relació I-R amb les literatures relacionades amb les variables moderadores de tipus contextual (sector d’activitat) i organitzacionals (tipus de propietat, estratègies de diversificació geogràfica). Els resultats obtinguts confirmen que la relació I-R és específica al context i contingent en relació amb les característiques organitzatives i contextuals estudiades.Las principales teorías de negocios internacionales afirman que existe una relación positiva entre el grado de internacionalización de una empresa y su desempeño, dado que la internacionalización ofrece a las empresas la oportunidad de crecer y mejorar su competitividad. A pesar de las limitaciones de recursos para expandirse geográficamente, las PYMES han mostrado una alta y creciente propensión a internacionalizarse, demostrando que las empresas no tienen que ser grandes para tener éxito en los mercados extranjeros. La pregunta general de investigación que esta tesis pretende responder es: ¿qué factores contextuales y organizacionales permiten a las PYMES internacionalizarse, superando sus limitaciones de tamaño, adoptar modos de entrada que requieren un alto compromiso de recursos, y maximizar el rendimiento? La tesis examina diferentes factores contextuales y organizacionales que inciden en la relación entre el grado de internacionalización y el desempeño en el contexto específico de las PYMES y de un subgrupo de PYMES particularmente interesante, las micro-multinacionales. Los estudios previos sobre la relación internacionalización-desempeño (I-P) se han centrado en las grandes empresas multinacionales, mientras que la internacionalización de las pymes que utilizan modos de entrada de mayor compromiso ha recibido muy escasa atención. La tesis proporciona una explicación teórica y empírica del efecto moderador de varios factores contextuales y organizacionales en la relación I-P en diferentes niveles de internacionalización. Para ello, se integran en el marco teórico de la tesis la literatura sobre la relación I-P con las literaturas relacionadas con las variables moderadoras de tipo contextual (sector de actividad) y organizacionales (tipos de propiedad, estrategias de diversificación geográfica). Nuestros hallazgos confirman que la relación I-P es específica al contexto y contingente en relación con las características organizativas y contextuales estudiadas.
Core international business theory asserts that there is a positive relationship between a firm’s degree of internationalization and its performance, given that internationalization offers firms the opportunity to grow and enhance their competitiveness, Despite resource constraints to expand geographically, SMEs have shown a high and growing propensity to internationalize, demonstrating that firms do not have to be large to be successful in foreign markets. The overarching research question this thesis aims to respond is: what contextual and organizational factors allow internationalizing SMEs overcome their size constraints, adopt higher commitment entry modes, and maximize performance? The thesis examines different contextual and organizational factors that influence the relationship between the degree of internationalization and performance in the specific context of SMEs and a particularly interesting subgroup among them, micro multinationals. Previous studies on the internationalization-performance (I-P) relationship have focused on large MNEs while very little attention has been paid to internationalizing SMEs using higher commitment entry modes. The thesis provides a theoretical and empirical explanation of the moderating effect of several contextual and organizational factors on the I-P relationship at different levels of internationalization. To do so, the theoretical framework of the thesis integrates the literature on internationalization/ multinationality research with the corresponding literatures related to the contextual (industry) and organizational (ownership types, geographical diversification strategies). Our findings confirm that the I-P relationship is context-specific and it is contingent on the studied organizational and industry characteristics.
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Pandle, Nolubabalo Leeanne. "An investigation into employee empowerment strategies for Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs)." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1012138.
Full textAbstract:
Employee empowerment is a strategy that small business managers can deploy to add value to the business. This strategy is aimed at cultivating the power and ability of employees in their jobs. A business is a business by people working in it though they differ in many ways their contribution to the success of the organization is very important. However, these people are not often recognized as value contributors in the success of the business and for this reason they do not intend to add value to the business and they become demotivated to do their jobs properly. People are the business storehouse of knowledge and they are central to the organization's competitive advantage. Well educated, coached, and highly motivated people are critical to the development and execution of strategies, especially in today's fast-paced market, where top management can no longer assure the business competitiveness in isolation. In the business world, almost all businesses are doing the same, small businesses should strive to do things differently, and the only way that they can achieve that uniqueness is through instilling frankness and liberty to employees so that they act as if the business also belongs to them. The reason behind this success is the strategy the business is using to get into the heart of its customers, and this strategy is “employee empowerment”. People are the business's most underutilized resource; involvement in an organization is no longer a one-way road. In today's corporate environment a manager must work towards engaging the organization forcefully enough to achieve its objectives. New knowledge-based enterprises are characterized by flat hierarchical structures and a multi-skilled workforce. Managers assume more leadership and coaching tasks and work hard to provide employees with resources and working conditions they need to accomplish the goals they have agreed to. In brief, managers work for their staff, and not the reverse and this makes employees feel valued. Small business owners should tap into a new dimension of utilizing employee empowerment strategies in their businesses as these are proficient and are not costly. This paper investigates employee empowerment strategies that can be used by small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME's). An important reason for this investigation is that small businesses have incompetent skilled labour force due to the fact that they operate under a limited budget from which it would be difficult to get skilled workers who will demand higher salaries, as a result they need to put their energies rather on equipping and educating their employees through empowerment, which could at the end make them feel valued and part of the business. It is imperative to firstly assess the current situation of small business commitment to employee empowerment strategies; to what extent do they use employee empowerment strategies in their businesses In terms of the empirical study it was determined that small businesses were not aware of the concept of employee empowerment, but are in actual fact practicing employee empowerment strategies that have been theoretically revealed, according to the researcher’s observation, they were not aware of the impact of employee empowerment in the organization and that they can be implemented into the business. Therefore, by introducing the concept of employee empowerment and the strategies that can be used in small businesses, SMME's can enhance their services to customers, increase productivity and contribute to the welfare of employees to add value to the individual, the business and the country.
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Tabot, Enow Samuel. "The working-capital management practices of small medium and micro enterprises in the Cape Metropole." Thesis, Cape Peninisula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2064.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Cost and Management Accounting))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.The broad aim of this research was to investigate the working-capital management practices of Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) in the Cape Metropole. The study was motivated by a lack of research on the workingcapital management practices of SMMEs. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire that comprised closed-ended questions. The findings of the study indicate that most SMMEs manage their cash effectively; however only a minority hold cash for speculative purpose, invest their surplus cash profitably and use computers to manage cash. By contrast, only a minority of the SMMEs sell on credit. Of those that do, only a minority review their credit criteria annually, send reminders to debtors, charge interest for delayed payment, send prompt statements and use computers to manage their receivables. Likewise, only a minority of the SMMEs purchase on credit. Of those that do, a majority pay promptly to take advantage of discounts and thus only a minority settle their accounts on the last date allowed. Interestingly, most of the SMMEs that purchase on credit use computers to manage their payables. Only a minority of the SMMEs perceive a lack of skills, resources, personnel and time as factors that inhibit them from managing their workingcapital effectively. The findings of this study provide invaluable insights on the weaknesses in the working-capital management practices of SMMEs, which could be used to inform future endeavours of the Government when establishing interventions meant to improve the survival rates of these entities. The findings may also assist SMMEs to gauge and review their working management practices, particularly their receivables and payables, with a view to optimising the benefits derived from these components of working-capital.
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Kanguru, Rutendo Melody. "Inventory management practices of small, medium and micro enterprises in the Cape Metropole, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2431.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis (MTech (Cost and Management Accounting))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2016.Small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa are perceived to be failing partly due to ineffective management practices. Using a questionnaire survey, this study sought to determine the inventory-management practices of SMMEs operating in the Cape Metropole, and to evaluate the effectiveness of the inventory-management practices currently used by these entities. In addition, the study sought to determine the challenges, if any, that are experienced by SMMEs from the inventory-management practices currently used. This study was motivated by a dearth of research on inventory-management practices of SMMEs. The findings of the study revealed that most of the SMMEs used ‘Rule of Thumb’ as an inventory-management practice. Regarding the effectiveness of the practices used, the study revealed that the SMMEs investigated were perceived to be moderately effective, with SMMEs practising good inventory management techniques such as warehousing, stocktaking, budgeting, good ordering habits and segregation of warehouse duties. In relation to the challenges faced by SMMEs from the inventory-management practices currently used, the findings suggested that theft, shortage of inventory, errors due to incompetent staff, physical inventory not matching up with records and an inability to keep up with the demand of the customers were some of the main challenges faced. This study contributes to the literature on inventory-management practices of SMMEs and fills the gap of knowledge in this neglected area of research. The findings of this study are of significance to the decision-makers of SMEs as they will be enlightened on the best practices and different inventory-management practices that are vital for their businesses’ survival and that have been adopted by their competitors. This should enable them to evaluate their own inventory-management practices and to decide whether to improve, change or continue with their current practice. The South African Government could also draw on the findings of this research to inform its future intervention strategies meant to improve the survival rates of these entities. This could be in the form of the creation of short courses meant to assist SMMEs to improve their inventory-management practices.
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Uusiku, Elise Peneyambeko. "The impact of microfinance on the growth of micro, small and medium enterprises in Namibia." Master's thesis, Faculty of Commerce, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/30397.
Full textAbstract:
Many governments around the world have recognised the vital role that Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play in promoting economic growth and restoring economies. Though with much recognition, MSMEs financing remains a challenge. Microfinance is regarded as a prominent tool in addressing the financing gap that emanates within the SMEs sector. Yet, the extent to which such initiative has prospered in addressing the funding gap is understudied. Therefore, this paper explored the impact of microfinance services on the growth of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Namibia. The study employed a cross-sectional analysis on 45 small enterprises to examine the effect of microfinance activities on the productivity of MSMEs in Oshana region. The sample was drawn from a list of MSMEs who have accessed microfinance services offered by the Development Bank of Namibia. It uses the multiples regression to test the influence of a group of variables (types of microfinance, gender, business location, education, years of existence and the amount of loan received) on productivity a proxy for business growth. The research indicated that a combination of loan (microcredit) and training as well as the number of years that the business has been in existence had a significant impact of productivity (proxy for growth). Consequently, microcredit as a main variable did not significantly contribute to MSMEs growth. Therefore, the study argues that gaining access to microcredit alone cannot lead to small business growth but rather a combination of other important variable such as education and business experience are essential for the full utilization of microcredit which may result in the growth of MSMEs. Likewise, poor management skills hindered the MSME’s ability to fully utilise microfinance services. The study further recommended that Microfinance Institutions should consider other factors such as advisory services, training and mentorship services. Therefore, a designed packages that combined different services other than the stand-alone package for microcredit is ideal to ensure that loans disbursed are fully utilized and maximised.
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Long, Hylton Ernest. "Implications of current labour legislation for small, medium and micro-enterprises with regard to procuring government contracts." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/29.
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The research problem addressed in this study is to determine what affect current labour legislation has on small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMME’s), in particular with regard to the procuring of Government contracts. To achieve this objective a literature study was undertaken to ascertain what knowledgeable people believed was the affects of labour legislation on SMME’s. The literature study included all relevant labour legislation promulgated by the Government since 1994 The literature study was then used to develop a questionnaire to test the degree to which SMME’s, operating in the Municipal areas of East London and King Williams Town, abided by the relevant labour legislation. The empirical results, in general, indicated a strong adherence to labour legislation. Those organisations that had not strictly adhered to labour legislation were, in most instances, not successful in securing contracts offered by Government or parastatals. The results indicated that all the role-players, namely businesses, trade unions and knowledgeable people have valid arguments both for and against labour legislation. Each group, is however, still concerned and suspicious that in one way or another, they will be placed at a disadvantage with respect to the others positions, and this places a serious strain on the South African economy.
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Netshandama, Maluta Jerry. "The development of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) in the Limpopo Province / Maluta Jerry Netshandama." Thesis, North-West University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10394/1314.
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Mhembere, Mike. "The relationship between financial literacy, entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial performance of small, medium and micro-enterprises." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/79616.
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The major aim of this study was to analyse the relationship between financial literacy,
entrepreneurial leadership and entrepreneurial performance of small, medium and
micro-enterprises. A simple random sampling approach was employed in conducting
survey primary data collection using a self-administered structured questionnaire
developed based on a 5-point Likert scale. Sample data collected from two-hundred
and five respondents was first tested for construct validity and scale reliability using
Keiser-Meyer-Olkin measure of sampling adequacy and Cronbach’s alpha criteria,
respectively. Results indicate that the questionnaire’s items passed construct validity
and scale reliability requirements. Exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor
analysis were conducted to evaluate total variances explained, factor structures and
associations between observed variables and latent factors using the Statistical
Package for Social Sciences 24 software. Results show that no observed variables
exhibited complex structures, and significant amounts of variances in observed
variables were explained by the analogous constructs. Results obtained from the
structural equation model estimated using Stata 14 software show presence of
significant positive relationship between financial literacy, entrepreneurial leadership
and entrepreneurial performance. Results from the estimated generalised structural
equation model indicate that entrepreneurial leadership moderates the relationship
between financial literacy and entrepreneurial performance of small, medium and
micro-enterprises.Mini Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
Unrestricted
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Figg, Malcolm John. "Reengineering the business processes in small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME'S) in order to improve profitability." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2002. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/112.
Full textAbstract:
The research problem addressed in this study was to identify guidelines to improve business processes that will enhance the ability of Small, Medium, and Micro Enterprises (SMME’s) to be able to operate competitively in local and global markets. Reengineering of business processes (BPR) is necessary because of internal factors such as increasing global competition, increasing domestic competition, new technologies, industry overcapacity, shrinking markets and increasing pressure from suppliers. There are also various external factors that influence the necessity to reengineer business processes. These factors include increasing cost structure, declining profitability, declining sales, low productivity, inadequate employee skills and less efficiency in operations. In order to identify guidelines that will enhance SMME’s performance, questionnaires with relevant questions were used . The findings of the literature survey clearly highlights the specific areas where attention is required for improvements.
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Mahlanza, Zanele. "The impact of regulatory compliance on small, medium and micro-enterprises in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/d1011840.
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The small, medium and micro-enterprise sector is recognised as being favourable to socioeconomic growth since SMMEs have capacity to generate jobs. SMMEs are particularly beneficial for previously disadvantaged communities, and it is particularly clear that SMMEs play a critical role in economic development. It is therefore important to encourage growth of this sector by introducing a favourable and a conducive environment for the sustainability of the SMMEs. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of regulatory compliance on SMMEs in the Buffalo City municipal area in South Africa’s Eastern Cape Province. In other words, this study seeks to find out how SMMEs in the Buffalo City experience regulatory compliance. Exploratory quantitative and qualitative research methodologies were used in this study. In this instance structured questionnaires were used to collect data. In order to provide a precise presentation of information, face-to-face interviews with the SMME owners were conducted. The results of this study indicate that the regulatory environment within which the SMMEs operate is not a constraining one. Although the manual registering process is reported to take long, the electronic or online business registration is much quicker. Notwithstanding, the business registration agencies were reported not be too easily and readily available and accessible. In terms of labour regulations SMME owners and managers indicated that compliance with labour legislation in terms of health and safety was benefiting to their businesses as they learnt how to develop polices and plans. Although the regulatory environment of the SMMEs is not a constraining one, there are costs involved. For example the respondents indicated that the labour laws increased their operating costs. In accordance with labour legislation, employees are entitled to all kinds of paid leave such as annual leave, maternity leave and sometimes study leave; needless to say a right to strike. The labour law regulations were seen to be time consuming and presented an administrative burden for managers. With regards to tax regulations compliance, there was an indication that due to the extra efforts taken by SARS, it was easy to comply. The SMMEs were exposed to what is required in order to comply fully with tax laws. Some respondents mentioned that they lacked the facilities to deal with VAT issues. The study recommends that government should ensure that the registration costs of small businesses remain low and that the turnaround time for registration is shortened. The support structures which are to assist small businesses need to be mentioned in all the media for everyone to be aware of them including the rural areas. The government needs to educate SMME owners and managers on how labour laws can benefit small businesses. Also the business registration process should be streamlined and linked with the South African Revenue Services in order for a ‘one shop stop’, so to shorten the time during formalisation and registration processes. It is also recommended that the South African Revenue Services together with the government simplify the tax issues applying to SMMEs further more especially Value Added Tax which seems not to be easily understood. This will in turn assist SMME owners as they will know more about tax issues, they will also know more how to handle them which should in turn lower the costs of doing business.
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Moholola, Johannes Makgokolla. "A critical comparison of tax incentives for small, medium and micro enterprises between South Africa and Australia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/31068.
Full textAbstract:
The South African Revenue Service (SARS) introduced tax incentives for the small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in 2001. These incentives were introduced to assist small business in stimulating economic activity, creating jobs and alleviating poverty. This policy decision is not unique to South Africa. Many other countries offer incentives to small businesses for a variety of reasons, which may differ from country to country. However, it is generally understood that small businesses often face challenges which require the State to intervene in the form of tax incentives. South Africa operates on a global economic platform. It is imperative that its efforts are comparable against those of its counterparts so that it can assess its situation and be able to channel resources in the right direction. This study uses a qualitative systematic literature review to compare the tax incentives offered to SMMEs in South Africa and Australia .Australia has been chosen because it is a developed country and also because it has a mature and simplified legislation. The findings of this study show that South Africa has provided good incentives, particularly in the area of attracting small businesses into the tax base but once these small businesses are in the base, there is nothing to ensure that they grow. On the other hand, Australia has not done much to bring small businesses into the tax base, but it provides good incentives, sufficient to enable business growth for those already in the system. One of the challenges faced by many small businesses is cash flow resources. This study has found that Australia’s tax incentives empower small businesses in the area of cash flow, as compared with the situation in South Africa. Future research studies should investigate the extent to which the respective small businesses are aware of the tax incentives available to them. That is, it must be established how far each country has gone in ensuring that small businesses are familiar with all the incentives at their disposal.Die Suid-Afrikaanse Inkomstediens (SAID) het belastingaansporings skemas vir die klein, medium en makro-ondernemings (KMMOs) in 2001 ingestel. Hierdie aansporings is ingestel om die klein besighede te help om ekonomiese aktiwiteite te stimuleer, werk te skep, asook om armoede te verlig. Hierdie beleidsbesluit is nie uniek aan Suid-Afrika nie. Menige ander lande bied aansporings aan die klein ondernemings vir ‘n verskeidenheid van redes. Alhoewel hierdie redes kan verskil van land tot land, word dit algemeen verstaan dat klein ondernemings dikwels uitdagings ervaar wat vereis dat die staat ingryp in die vorm van belasting-aansporings. Suid-Afrika werk in ‘n wêreldwye ekonomiese platform. Dit is noodsaaklik dat Suid-Afrika se pogings met die van sy eweknieë vergelyk word om sodoende die huidige situasie te evalueer en in staat te wees om hulpbronne in die regte areas beskikbaar te stel. Hierdie studie maak gebruik van ‘n kwalitatiewe sistematiese literatuur oorsig om die belastingaansporings in beide Suid-Afrika en Australië vir KMMO’s te vergelyk. Australië is gekies weens die feit dat dit ‘n ontwikkelde land is en ook omdat dit oor goed ontwikkelde en eenvoudige wetgewing beskik. Die bevindinge van hierdie studie toon dat Suid-Afrika goeie belastingaansporings het, veral op die gebied om die klein ondernemings in die belastingbasis in te trek, maar wanneer hierdie klein ondernemings in die basis is, is daar niks in plek om te verseker dat hulle verder groei nie. Aan die ander kant, het Australië nie veel gedoen om klein besighede in die belastingbasis belastingbasis in te bring nie, maar Australië bied goeie voordele wat tot besigheidsgroei lei vir diegene wat reeds in die belastingsbasis ingeskakel is. Een van die uitdagings van baie klein besighede is kontantvloeibronne. Hierdie studie het bevind dat, Australië se belastingaansporings, die klein ondernemings se kontantvloei bevorder in teenstelling met die posisie in Suid-Afrika. Toekomstige Toekomstige navorsingstudies moet die mate waartoe die onderskeie klein ondernemings bewus is van die belastingaansporingsskemas wat beskikbaar is, ondersoek. Dit wil sê, daar moet vasgestel word hoe ver elke land gegaan het om te verseker dat kleinondernemings vertroud is met al die moontlikhede tot hulle beskikking.
Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Taxation
Unrestricted
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Mbumbo, Ernest Pierre Tsague. "Management accounting skills of decision makers of small, medium and micro tourism enterprises in Western Cape, South Africa." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2065.
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Thesis (MTech (Cost and Management Accounting))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015.Small medium micro enterprises (SMMEs) in general and small medium and micro tourism enterprises (SMMTEs) in particular are considered as one of the viable vehicles to reduce the high unemployment rate and increase economic participation in South Africa. Due to the lack of management skills, among other factors, SMMTEs may not fully realise their potential. The question that arises is: to what extent do the decision makers of SMMTEs employ management-accounting tools to inform their business decisions? The aim of this study is to investigate and to evaluate the ways decision-makers of the SMMTEs in the Western Cape of South Africa use management-accounting skills to make their decisions. Data was collected by means of a questionnaire that comprised closed-ended questions. The findings may assist SMMEs to improve the management of their businesses as they will be able to see how employees with different management-accounting skills and experience compare to each other when it comes to running the business, and or if management-accounting skills influence business decisions.
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FILHO, HELIO FERNANDES DE C. MACEDO. "ONITORING AND EVALUATION OF INNOVATION MANAGEMENT IN MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: PROPOSITION OF INDICATORS AND METRICS." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2018. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=35306@1.
Full textAbstract:
PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
O objetivo desta dissertação é propor um modelo para monitoramento e avaliação da gestão da inovação em micro, pequenas e médias empresas, integrando-se métodos multicritério de apoio à decisão a ferramentas consagradas de monitoramento e avaliação e de gestão da qualidade para selecionar indicadores e métricas específicas deste contexto organizacional (at the firm-level). A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. A partir dos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e análise documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo para monitorar e avaliar a gestão da inovação de MPMEs, buscando-se preencher lacunas identificadas na literatura especializada. O modelo conceitual e o marco lógico para definição de indicadores e métricas contemplaram quatro dimensões: (i) capacidade de governança e organização para inovar; (ii) capacidade de gerenciamento de pessoas para inovação; (iii) capacidade de gerenciamento de processos de gestão de PDEI; e (iv) resultados e impactos de inovações. A aplicabilidade do modelo foi demonstrada mediante um estudo empírico focalizando-se uma MPME assistida pelo Núcleo de Apoio à Gestão da Inovação da PUC-Rio (NAGI-PUC-Rio). Destacam-se como principais contribuições da pesquisa um modelo para monitoramento e avaliação da gestão da inovação de MPMEs, que considera as especificidades dessas empresas e seus contextos socioprodutivos, e um conjunto de indicadores compostos associados às dimensões de gestão da inovação contempladas no modelo.
The objective of the dissertation is to propose a model for monitoring and evaluating (ME) the innovation management in micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs), by integrating multicriteria decision-making methods to ME and quality management tools for selecting specific indicators and metrics for this organizational context (at the firm-level). The research can be considered descriptive, methodological and applied. Based on the results of the bibliographical review and documentary analysis on the central themes of the research, a model was developed to monitor and evaluate the management of innovation by MSMEs, seeking to fill gaps identified in the specialized literature. The conceptual model and the logical framework for the definition of indicators and metrics included four dimensions: (i) governance and organization capacity to innovate; (ii) capacity of people management towards innovation; (iii) capacity of management of RDEI processes; and (iv) results and impacts of innovations. The applicability of the model was demonstrated through an empirical study focusing on a company that participated in the Innovation Management Support Program of PUC-Rio (acronym in Portuguese, NAGI-PUC-Rio). The main contributions of the research are a model for monitoring and evaluation of the innovation management by MSMEs, which considers the specificities of these firms and their socio-productive contexts, and a set of composite indicators associated with the dimensions of innovation management contemplated in the proposed model).
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Nxele, Dolly Rachel. "Small, Micro and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMMEs) in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality: tourism policy, planning and execution." Thesis, University of Zululand, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10530/1420.
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A thesis submitted to the Faculty of Arts in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Masters Degree in Recreation and Tourism in the Department of Recreation and Tourism at the University of Zululand, South Africa, 2015The fundamental aim of the study is to establish the involvement and participation of tourism stakeholders in (Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises) with regard to tourism policy planning and execution. In other words, the study wants to discover the role played by policy and practice in the planning of small, medium and micro enterprises in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality. Many of the tourism policies and strategies in South Africa have been formulated with the intention of supporting communities by affording them job opportunities and employment in order to alleviate poverty. The findings indicate that the tourism stakeholders from the uMhlathuze Local Municipality were not fully conversant with the policy, planning and execution. Among other things, the study is also carried out to explore the level at which tourism policy mandates are implemented and the extent to which these elicit positive community responses. In addition, the study seeks to establish the degree to which local communities perceive any benefits from the increased tourism activities within the uMhlathuze Local Municipality. The findings indicate that tourism stakeholders from uMhlathuze Local Municipality were not fully conversant with the policies and strategies that were meant to enhance their participation in tourism activities. Furthemore, not all communities supported the promotion of sustainable tourism development in their area. There has been an ongoing debate among other tourism scholars. The research study involves identifying key strategies that would contribute in developing tourism policies that will address and contribute towards community beneficiation in the uMhlathuze Local Municipality. Finally, local authorities have advocated for a better interpretation and execution of the existing policies. The research study, therefore, has raised the following objectives: (a) To find out whether the local stakeholders understand the importance of the formulation of policy and planning in relation to small, micro and medium enterprises in the study area (b) To reveal whether there are adequate tourism policies addressing matters relating to small, micro and medium enterprise practices in the study area (c) To ascertain the extent to which the local communities participate in SMMEs tourism related activities. (d) To establish whether local communities perceive policies and planning as resulting in job creation and poverty alleviation. (e) To assess the degree to which the SMMEs are contributing to community beneficiation. The study has also identified related hypotheses towards finding answers to the research question. The method of collecting, data analysing and interpreting data involved computer manipulating of data utilizing the statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS).
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Baydas, Mayada M. "Capital structure and asset portfolio choice among micro, small and medium scale manufacturing enterprises in the Gambia /." The Ohio State University, 1993. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu14878444858985.
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Fani, Noluvuyo. "Governing information security within the context of "bring your own device" in small, medium and micro enterprises." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/7626.
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Throughout history, information has been core to the communication, processing and storage of most tasks in the organisation, in this case in Small-Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs). The implementation of these tasks relies on Information and Communication Technology (ICT). ICT is constantly evolving, and with each developed ICT, it becomes important that organisations adapt to the changing environment. Organisations need to adapt to the changing environment by incorporating innovative ICT that allows employees to perform their tasks with ease anywhere and anytime, whilst reducing the costs affiliated with the ICT. In this modern, performing tasks with ease anywhere and anytime requires that the employee is mobile whilst using the ICT. As a result, a relatively new phenomenon called “Bring Your Own Device” (BYOD) is currently infiltrating most organisations, where personally-owned mobile devices are used to access organisational information that will be used to conduct the various tasks of the organisation. The use of BYOD in organisations breeds the previously mentioned benefits such as performing organisational tasks anywhere and anytime. However, with the benefits highlighted for BYOD, organisations should be aware that there are risks to the implementation of BYOD. Therefore, the implementation of BYOD deems that organisations should implement BYOD with proper management thereof.
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Mokgatla, Tefo Stephen. "The effect of consumer behaviour on the development of small, medium and micro manufacturing enterprises in Welkom." Thesis, Welkom : Central University of Technology, Free State, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11462/155.
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Thesis (M. Tech. Marketing) -- Central University of Technology, Free state, 2011In this study, the researcher employed literature review and an empirical study to: * Establish the effect of consumer behaviour on the expansion of the small, medium and micro manufacturing enterprises (SMMEs) in Welkom. * Determine the marketing strategies adopted by the manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom. The Government of South Africa (SA) enacted the Small Business Act to assist small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) to contribute to job creation in SA (Lotter, 2009: 53). Furthermore, the government established the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) in an effort to relate more closely to the SMMEs, so that they could contribute more meaningfully to the economy of the country by creating employment. In addition, the Umsobomvu Youth Fund and Youth Commission were established by the Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) to assist young entrepreneurs financially and non-financially to start and run sustainable small enterprises (South Africa. National Small Business Act 102, 1996: 3). However, significant research done on SMMEs in SA found that they had made no meaningful contribution to job creation. This problem was in fact so serious that most SMMEs were shutting down, a problem which included SMMEs situated in Welkom (Lotter, 2009: 53). This research project therefore sought to investigate the possible sources of this shutdown of manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom. Many other researchers had investigated possible causes such as the effect of the lack of business management skills, the closure of local gold mines, etc. However, the effect of consumer behaviour (CB) as the possible source of this shutdown problem had not been investigated; hence, this researcher chose to investigate the effect of CB on the development of the manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom. The research design firstly identified the manufacturing SMMEs as the population for the study and the sample subjects as their top managers and supervisors. The mixed method was employed. The researcher used literature studies, the qualitative approach and the quantitative approach as the mixed method. Data collecting instruments were the personal interview and self administered questionnaires. The researcher employed the random sampling method and, in particular the systematic sampling method, to select the respondents. A letter of permission was obtained from the Matjhabeng municipality to conduct this research project and the subjects were given letters of assurance for ethical consideration. The aim of using literature studies was to determine the relevant model for this research study and to determine the findings of earlier researchers on this topic. The model was the theoretical foundation on which the research project was based. The model determined from the literature studies indicated that CB was influenced by internal and external factors. Examples of internal factors included perception, attitudes, learning, personality, and beliefs etc., while examples of external factors included family, marketing communication, friends, economic factors, etc. This model underpinned the empirical research conducted, and the interview and questionnaire items were based on the influencing factors outlined by this model. The empirical research was conducted to relevant collect data that could assist to answers the following research questions: * What are the effects of CB on the expansion of the manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom? * What are the growth strategies adopted by the manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom? Interviews with top managers were recorded on voice recorder and supervisors completed questionnaires. Qualitative data were transcribed from the voice recordings, themes were developed from the transcripts and descriptive statistics were used to analyse the themes. Data from the quantitative method were analysed through the social package for social sciences (SPSS), employing descriptive statistics to determine the findings. The analysis for quantitative data was represented by cumulative frequency distribution tables for each option of the questionnaire items, while the analysis for qualitative data was represented on a template for data coding and also compressed into frequency tables. The study‟s findings both from literature studies and from empirical research revealed that negative attitude, economic situation, cultural changes and improved education level of consumers resulted in non development of the manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom. The interview with the top managers further revealed that there was lack of specific marketing strategies adopted by the managers. Therefore, it was shown in this study that the effect of CB on the development of the manufacturing SMMEs in Welkom was non development.
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Van, der Mescht (Nee de Coster) Gina. "Tertiary educational investment by the small business owner and conscious capitalism." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/40647.
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South Africa‘s education system is in dire straits with few people having access to tertiary education. This has resulted in a skills shortage across all industries. Private companies as well as public companies are experiencing problems due to this skills shortage. This paper investigated whether private companies feel they have a duty to assist in resolving this problem, considering Milton Friedman‘s assertion that the sole purpose of a company is to make money for the shareholders compared with the notion of conscious capitalism.
A literature review was followed by a qualitative study where CEOs of private companies were interviewed. These companies included unlisted companies, partnerships and sole proprietors. During the interview process, they were asked whether in their opinion they have a duty to be involved in solving the problem of lack of access to tertiary education, whether they are currently involved and the reasons why they are involved or not. The question was asked whether in their opinion the theory of Friedman or conscious capitalism is more applicable to their environment through investment in education.
It was found that the small business owner does experience a sense of duty and responsibility towards solving problems in tertiary education. In some cases, this was due to legislation promulgated by government. This sense of duty is limited to their immediate environment. It was shown how legislation has interfered with the theory of conscious capitalism in terms of the four constructs on which it is built and how various other factors need to be taken into account when considering whether conscious capitalism is relevant in the business environment.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2013.
lmgibs2014
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
MBA
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León, Guillén. "Characterization and measurement of social responsibility in micro, small and medium enterprises of the Caribbean Region of Colombia." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668103.
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Despite the literature on corporate social responsibility of small and medium enterprises has grown in recent years, knowledge on the subject is still fragmented and has not yet achieved a coherent theory of social responsibility for companies of this dimension. In this sense, this thesis sought to contribute to the development of the theory from the perspective of small businesses in the Caribbean Region of Colombia.
The thesis is structured in three articles. The first article addresses a review of the literature in order to analyze research trends in the field of corporate social responsibility of small and medium enterprises in the period 1970-2018. The results show greater interest in the subject as of 2002, with greater research production, mainly in developed countries in Europe and North America. It also identifies a predominance of empirical studies and the relative decrease of descriptive works in the study of social responsibility in small and medium enterprises. Parallel to the greater collaborative and multidisciplinary work among authors, a low level of connectivity of the authors is observed at the level of the entire network. Finally, it is identified that social responsibility research in smaller companies is in a state of growth, with theoretical restrictions to advance to a state of maturation of knowledge. The second article evaluates the degree of understanding and execution of social responsibility practices in micro, small and medium-sized companies in Barranquilla, following the theory of Stakeholders. Using an exploratory factor analysis in 779 companies, it was found that the variables with the greatest explanatory influence on socially responsible performance are the employees, the environment and the community. In contrast, corporate management, the value chain and the public/governmental sector conditions the development of social responsibility actions. Additionally, there is a weak perception and lack of will among owners and managers to undertake comprehensive social responsibility programs, as well as little interest in formalizing the social initiatives already carried out. The third article develops a new multidimensional scale to measure the perception of owners and/or managers about corporate social responsibility activities and the effect of this perception on the corporate image of micro, small and medium enterprises in the Caribbean region of Colombia. Using structural equations, in a sample of 3069 companies, the causal relationship between social responsibility and corporate image was measured. The results confirmed the empirical validation of three different dimensions to measure social responsibility and its relationship with the corporate image. In particular, the economic dimension acts as the most influential domain of social responsibility, as opposed to the environmental dimension that is less relevant. In addition, the study found that the positive perception of social responsibility acts as a key mediator for the corporate image.
Finally, it is important to emphasize that the main contribution of this thesis is in providing empirical evidence on the knowledge and execution of actions of social responsibility in smaller companies in a developing country. In effect, the results show moderate knowledge and the informal implementation of some social responsibility practices, which suggests the need of advancing in social responsibility training programs led by academia, government entities and business associations.
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Chiware, Elisha Rufaro T. "Business information needs seeking patterns and information services in the small, medium micro enterprises sector (SMME) in Namibia /." Pretoria : [S.n.], 2008. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-02052008-171412/.
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Aucamp, Janetta. "A comparative study of tax relief measures for small medium and micro enterprises in South Africa and Australia." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26691.
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It has been acknowledged internationally and locally that small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) play a vital role in the economic growth of a country. SMMEs enhance a country’s economy by reducing unemployment and thus poverty through job creation. Unemployment in South Africa was 25,3% in the second quarter of 2010. It is thus important for the South African Government to support SMMEs in order to reduce the country’s unemployment rate. SMMEs should therefore have efficient tax systems with effective tax relief measures to facilitate their establishment as well as their future development. South Africa’s tax legislation currently does contain tax relief measures for SMMEs. However, improvement is still needed due to the country’s high unemployment rate. Much can be learnt from Australia as new legislation has recently been introduced in Australia which standardises the criteria for an entity to qualify as an SMME for tax purposes. As the focus of this research was on SMMEs, the study commenced with an analysis of the definition of an SMME. Thereafter, the tax relief measures currently available in South Africa and in Australia were identified. The reasons for the implementation of these relief measures together with previous research performed were included in the discussion. Finally, the South African and Australian tax relief measures were critically compared. As a result, this study will assist the South African Government to enhance the formation and development of SMMEs through identifying tax relief measures available in Australia, which have not yet been incorporated into South African tax legislation. It was not possible from the information obtained in this study to determine whether the tax relief measures currently available in Australia are suitable to be implemented in South Africa. Further research should be conducted to determine whether South African SMMEs will benefit from the tax relief measures available in Australia and whether it is appropriate to include those relief measures in South African tax legislation. AFRIKAANS : Daar word internasionaal en plaaslik erken dat klein, medium en mikro-ondernemings (KMMO’s) ʼn belangrike rol in ʼn land se ekonomiese groei speel. Deur werkskepping verminder KMMO’s die land se werkloosheid en dus armoede en sodoende word die land se ekonomie bevorder. Die werkloosheidsyfer in Suid-Afrika vir die tweede kwartaal van 2010 was 25,3%. Dit is dus belangrik vir die regering om KMMO’s te ondersteun om sodoende die land se werkloosheidsyfer te verlaag. KMMO’s behoort dus doeltreffende belastingstelsels te hê, met geskikte belastingverligtingsmaatreëls, om die stigting sowel as toekomstige ontwikkeling van hierdie entiteite te vergemaklik. Suid-Afrika se belastingwetgewing bevat tans belastingverligtingsmaatreëls vir KMMO’s. Weens die hoë werkloosheidsyfer, kan dit egter nog verbeter. Suid-Afrika kan baie van Australië leer, aangesien Australië onlangs nuwe wetgewing ingestel het wat die kriteria vir ʼn entiteit om as ʼn KMMO vir belastingdoeleindes te kwalifiseer, standaardiseer. Aangesien hierdie ondersoek gerig is op KMMO’s, begin die studie met ʼn ontleding van die definisie van ʼn KMMO. Daarna is die belastingverligtingsmaatreëls wat tans in Suid-Afrika en Australië beskikbaar is, geïdentifiseer. Die redes vir die implementering van hierdie belastingverligtingsmaatreëls sowel as vorige navorsing wat gedoen is, is ingesluit in die bespreking. Ten laaste is die Suid-Afrikaanse en die Australiese belastingverligtingsmaatreëls krities vergelyk. Die studie behoort die Suid-Afrikaanse regering te help om die stigting en toekomstige ontwikkeling van hierdie entiteite te vergemaklik deur Australiese belastingverligtingsmaatreëls, wat nog nie in die Suid-Afrikaanse belastingwetgewing vervat is nie, te identifiseer. Dit is nie moontlik om uit die inligting wat in hierdie studie verkry is, te bepaal of die belastingverligtingsmaatreëls wat tans in Australië beskikbaar is, geskik is om in Suid-Afrika toegepas te word nie. Verder navorsing sal kan bepaal of Suid-Afrikaanse KMMO’s voordeel sal trek uit die belastingverligting wat in Australië beskikbaar is en of dit geskik is om hierdie belastingverligting in Suid-Afrikaanse wetgewing in te sluit.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2010.
Taxation
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Lepheana, Makofe M. "The impact of tax systems on the business continuity of small medium and micro enterprises in South Africa." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/80455.
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Background:
South Africa‘s tax systems have been put in place to obtain contributions from citizens to help the government provide for the needs of society. These needs include the reduction of poverty and unemployment, which is the reason taxes are used to promote investment in small, micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs). SMMEs help the government reduce unemployment and poverty.
Main purpose of study: The main purpose of this study was to determine the impact of the tax systems on the sustainability of South African SMMEs. This study performed an analysis of literature to respond to and present the findings in an effective manner.
Method: This study used a qualitative methodology with a systematised review to deliver trustworthy findings about the impact of the tax system on the sustainability of South African SMMEs. The study adopted a pragmatic philosophical stance and gathered information from existing journals.
Findings: The study reveals that taxes have a negative impact on the sustainability of SMMEs in South Africa. Taxes have been proven to increase compliance costs and to require time to complete forms, submissions and disputes of returns; acquire knew knowledge; or consult with experts.
Conclusions: The research papers included in the literature review make it clear that taxes have a negative impact on the sustainability of South African SMMEs. A more comprehensive study is necessary to establish why 90% of SMMEs in South Africa terminate within the first 10 years of operation. However, one reason may be compliance costs arising from tax.Mini Dissertation (MCom (Taxation))--University of Pretoria, 2020.
pt2021
Taxation
MCom (Taxation)
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Ponelis, S. R. (Shana Rachel). "An exploratory study of business intelligence in knowledge-based growth small, medium and micro-enterprises in South Africa." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/28042.
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Small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs) play an important part in all economies but particularly in developing economies. Growth 'SMMEs seek to grow either in size, revenue and/or asset value by reinvesting available resources; these enterprises tend to spend their available resources on operational when it comes to information and communication technology (ICT). But these systems, whilst necessary are not sufficient. They are geared toward capturing data but not producing information. Business intelligence (BI) can provide decision-makers, who in SMMEs are predominantly owner-managers, with access to information that enables them to make informed decisions on where to apply limited resources. Because BI requires operational systems to be in place to gather the data it is the logical next step. Despite increasing discussion in the press and amongst BI practitioners, academic research with regard to BI in SMMEs remains sparse. Since the potential contribution of BI to SMMEs can only be assessed by first understanding current information practices and needs in such enterprises, the purpose of this study is to explore the use of use of BI to support strategic, tactical and operational decision-making. This research uses an interpretive approach to collect data using semi-structured interviews from the owner-managers of six knowledge-based growth SMMEs in South Africa selected through purposive sampling. The research results suggest that BI can play an important role in knowledge-based growth SMMEs but that support and guidance is needed to ensure that BI is used appropriately to fully exploit available data for decision-making in addition to expanding available data sources. Future research can adopt a more rigorous positivist approach to confirm the findings of this study, expand the population to other sectors in South Africa and/or SMMEs in other countries. An action research methodology can also be used to apply BI interventions in SMMEs to investigate specific BI solutions in-depth. The research may be of value to participating and other SMME owner-managers, policy makers, government agencies, business advisers, and academic researchers.Thesis (PhD)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Information Science
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Wessels, Janelle. "Towards a mutually sustainable environmentally friendly information technology policy framework for South African small, medium and micro enterprises." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/26076.
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A number of problems have served as motivators for this study: Environmental deterioration as a risk to economic facilitation; missed organisational green competitive opportunities; South Africa's need as a developing country for the growth of small, medium and micro-enterprises (SMMEs); and information technologies as an aid for ecological and economical problems. Accordingly, this research has aimed to suggest environment-friendly information technology policies that can be implemented in South African SMMEs, engendering mutually beneficial sustainability for the three domains (or contextual study elements) ‘Environment’, ‘Organisation’ and ‘Information Technology’. The methodology used involves an interpretive research approach, a literature survey based on document analyses, and an empirical study based on green information technology expert interviews. In collecting the data, the theory of three of the five Multiple Perspectives Approach perspective types was applied; for the data analysis, the Hierarchical and Signed components constituting the Directed Graphing Method where applied. The output of this study includes an explanation of the relationships that exist between the study elements and that lead to mutually beneficial sustainability. It also includes the identification of Key Sustainability Factors for each of the research elements, as high level critical goals to be achieved by green information technology policy developers in pursuing mutually beneficial sustainability. Furthermore, the output contains contextually consolidated Key Sustainability Factor Enablers, to serve as policy recommendations for implementation by green information technology practitioners toward ensuring mutually beneficial sustainability; and, finally, a sample integration of these Key Sustainability Factor Enablers, now referred to as Conceptual Policy Views, such as may have been produced by typical green information technology policy developers in selecting and prioritising views for organisational utilisations. In answering the main research question of this study, as well as providing its key outcome, a conceptual framework has been produced which comprises information technology policies that are supported to be feasible for implementation as well as of mutual benefit in terms of sustainability for the ‘Environment’, South African SMME ‘Organisations’ and ‘Information Technology’ itself. This provides an ordered and related means of implementing information technology policies, while also relating these policies to their respective mutually beneficial Key Sustainability Factors. Strategic planning, toward incorporating the conceptual framework into organisational policy, is thus enabled. This study concludes with an evaluation of its findings and execution, together with future research recommendations.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria, 2011.
Informatics
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Van, de Haar Paul. "Towards a wireless local area network security control framework for small, medium and micro enterprises in South Africa." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/4001.
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There is little literature available that is specific to the use of wireless local area network [WLAN) security among small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) in South Africa. This research study developed a framework which may be used by SMMEs for the purposes of securing their WLANs. In view of the fact that the aim of the study was to develop a system for improving information technology security, the study followed a design science approach. A literature review was conducted on security control framework standards and WLAN technologies. The needs of SMMEs regarding WLANs were also established. The result of this process was an artefact in the form of a WLAN Security Control Framework for securing WLANs for SMMEs in South Africa. The suitability of the framework was validated by means of a focus group.
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Sinxoto, Nomhle Beauty. "The role of small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (smm's) in the socio-economic development of Buffalo City." Thesis, Nelson Mandela Metropolitan University, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/793.
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Thirteen years in the new democratic South Africa, South Africa is still faced with socio-economic problems such as high rates of unemployment, shortage of housing, crime and HIV/Aids. Buffalo city falls within the Amathole District Municipality (ADM). ADM population is estimated at + 1, 67 million, being predominantly rural and living in low socio-economic conditions. The demographic trends of ADM population depict high poverty, illiteracy and unemployment rates, rendering them prone to high morbidity and mortality (www.amathole.gov.za, 2007). The aim of this research was to assess the role of the SMMEs in the socio-economic development of Buffalo City. This study is based on exploratory quantitative and qualitative research methodologies. Using a convenience sampling technique structured questionnaires were used to collect data amongst 28 SMMEs in Buffalo City. The findings of this study suggest that SMMEs play a vital role in the socio-economic development of Buffalo City. The SMMEs create employment and incomes; provide human capital investment in form of training programs and HIV/Aids programs; make donations to community structures; give sponsors to various sports clubs and food to the homeless. Finally SMMEs contribute towards tax revenues that in turn help reduce poverty and redistribute wealth. However, SMMEs in Buffalo City face a number of constraints, namely, lack of access to funding, lack of operating space, and high cost of property to lease and difficulty in finding trained competent staff. Further, the perceptions of the SMMEs about the adjudication of tenders was some biasness in the adjudication of tender in favour of those who were close to the public officials. There was no accountability and professionalism amongst the adjudicating officials. Finally the government was not doing enough to encourage SMME development in Buffalo City. In view of the socio-economic benefits of the SMMEs in Buffalo city, it is recommended that support programmes to the SMMEs should be enhanced. On the basis of the findings in this study, it is suggested that assistance to the SMMEs should go beyond institutional support such as Ntsika, Khula, DTI and/or SEDA but should be targeted to funding opportunities for the SMMEs. Commercial banks should be involved in ensuring that SMMEs obtain access to funding. Infrastructural facilities such as affordable business premises should be provided for the SMMEs. Affordable premises will reduce the overhead costs of the SMMEs and in turn increase the profits of these SMMEs. Increase the profits of the SMMEs will ensure the survival of the SMMEs and will in turn contribute towards the upliftment of the socio-economic status of the people who would have otherwise been unemployed, destitute and poor.
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Dlova, Mzwanele Roadwell. "An investigation into constraints impacting on small micro and medium enterprises (SMMEs) access to finance in Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, Rhodes University, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10962/d1003904.
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Internationally, in both developed and developing countries, it has been accepted that SMMEs are the backbone and the driving force of economic growth and job creation. In South Africa, SMMEs account for approximately 60 per cent of all employment in the economy and more than 35 per cent of South Africa's Gross Domestic Product (GDP) (Ntsika, 1999:38; Gumede, 2000:67 and Berry et ai, 2002 in Kongolo, 2010:235). SMMEs are often the vehicle by which the lowest income people in our society gain access to economic opportunities. The sector represents 97.5 per cent of the total number of business firms in South Africa and that it contributes 42 per cent of total remuneration. SMMEs account for some 3.5 million jobs and have between 500 000 and 700 000 businesses (Abor and Quartey, 2010:2337). Due to the above-mentioned contribution, the South African government initiated a number of SMME support programmes aimed at promoting, growing and developing the SMME sector. As a result, a number of national government agencies such as the National Youth Development Agency (NYDA), Khula Finance Limited, the National Development Agency (NDA), the Small Enterprise Development Agency (SEDA) and many other national , provincial and local government organizations were established post 1994. However, despite the concerted efforts by government to develop the sector, SMMEs are, after 17 years of democracy, still faced with enormous challenges such as access to markets, information, appropriate technology, finance, to mention but a few. Of the above-mentioned challenges, access to finance is on top of the list of these. This study, therefore, is aimed at investigating external, institutional and internal constraints impacting on SMME access to finance in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipal area. The study is also aimed at ascertaining which of the abovementioned constraints have the greatest influence to SMME access to finance. In developing the framework of the study, recent empirical research conducted around the country and internationally on constraints influencing SMME access to finance (Bbenkele, 2007:18; Ganbold, 2008:45; Mahadea and Pillay, 2008:99; Chenesai, 2009:135; Zindiye, 2009:78; Fatoki and Garwe, 2010:2765; Pandula, 2011 :257) was drawn upon. In order to meet the objectives of the study, a simple random sample survey of 50 SMMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality (BCMM) jurisdiction was conducted. The profile of the SMMEs was very similar to that of other studies that focused on constraints to SMME access to finance. A structured questionnaire was used to collect data from SMME owner-managers and a response rate of 60 percent was achieved . The results of the study indicated that the high cost of credit and interest rates and Value Added Tax (VAT) registration were the key external factors that impacted on SMME access to finance. Generally, SMMEs are viewed by lending institutions as high risk category. Therefore, even though interest rates have come down significantly, the cost of credit and interest rates still remain a constraint. The study also found that even though the South African Revenue Services (SARS) has increased the VAT threshold to R1 million (South African Revenue Service, 2007: 29), SMMEs still struggled to register for VAT. With regards to the institutional factors, the study revealed that ineffective support services provided by private and public SMME support agencies, the lack of communication of these services (access to information) and the lack of the subsequent follow-up services were the key constraints to SMME access to finance. The results of the study indicate that those firms with good track record, high annual turnover, sophistication and diverse skills, good credit record, good cash flow, proper financial records, bankable and viable business plans, collateral and registered for VAT were more likely to have access to finance than their counterparts. The main conclusion of the study is that the internal factors turned to have the greatest influence to SMME access to finance. However, there is more to be done by private and public SMME support agencies and lending institutions to address the above-mentioned institutional constraints which have a negative influence to SMME access to finance. It is recommended that more in-depth empirical research be conducted on the support services provided by private and public SMME support agencies in terms of the services that they offer the effectiveness of the services and how these are communicated to potential customers. It is also recommended that training workshops aimed at addressing the intemal constraints identified be conducted. Also recommended is the development and implementation of sector-specific mentoring programmes for the owner-managers. Strategies to improve the awareness of support services provided by SMME support agencies need to be developed. This would ensure the effective use of these services by SMMEs. It is also recommended that SMME support agencies and lending institutions staff be trained in order to better understand and be more responsive to the owner managers' needs. Linkages with tertiary institutions in planning and conducting the training needs to be made.
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Masama, Bruce Taona. "The Utilisation of Enterprise Risk Management in Fast-Food Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises Operating in the Cape Peninsula." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/2657.
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Thesis (MTech (Internal Auditing))--Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2017.It is widely accepted that small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) are pivotal to any country’s economic growth. In a South African dispensation, these business entities are believed to be the panacea to the economic challenges facing the country. Consequently, a number of initiatives have been deployed by national government to assist these business entities, inter alia, the formation of the Ministry of Small Business Development in 2014. Notwithstanding government support these business entities have received over the years, the sustainability of South African SMMEs still remains among the worst in the world. One of the main cited reasons for this weak sustainability is a lack of management skills, particularly risk management skills. Taking the latter into account, it comes as no surprise that previous studies show that South African SMMEs make use of customised risk management initiatives which are regarded as inadequate and/or ineffective. For this research study, the main objective was to determine the extent to which South African SMMEs utilise enterprise risk management (ERM) – a formal approach to manage risks in a holistic manner. To achieve the latter, a literature review was conducted from which relevant terms were conceptualised (see Chapter 2). Subsequently, primary data were collected using questionnaires, while taking into account various ethical considerations, and gleaned responses were analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics (see Chapter 4). Although the inferential statistics suggested that the sampled South African SMMEs made use of ERM initiatives, further investigation revealed that these initiatives were used by chance as opposed to choice. Hence, it was concluded that these entities did not make use of ERM. In essence the results echoed the notion from scholarly literature that South African SMMEs unknowingly use ERM initiatives which are customised, inadequate and/or ineffective. Stemming from the conclusions reached, relevant recommendations were articulated to assist these business entities towards the implementation of ERM in a structured manner.
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Magagane, Lebogang Elsie. "Perceptions of small medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) on resources required to influence involvement and participation in preferential procurement." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/23267.
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The preferential procurement policy objective of granting SMMEs preference in the allocation of government contracts is to guarantee a level playing field by granting access to the market. Yet, it is unclear what the current position of SMMEs is in participating in preferential procurement. SMMEs face obstacles that arise from inadequate resources availability in participating in preferential procurement. The purpose of this research report is primarily to explore the perceptions of the owner/and manager of SMMEs regarding significant resources that are required to influence involvement and participation in preferential procurement. Furthermore, to also explore the impact of participation in preferential procurement on employment generation.This descriptive quantitative research looks at a sample of 100 SMMEs from Gauteng that have been involved in preferential procurement at least once within a period of three years to date of participation in this study.The self administered web-based questionnaire was used to investigate perception of SMMEs on significance of resources that influence involvement and participation in preferential procurement and how their participation impacted employment generation.The results of the study indicated that SMMEs perceive administrative and supply capacity resources as the most significant resources to participate successfully. It further provided evidence of positive impact participation has on SMMEs growth in relation to employment generation.In contrast, the findings suggest that information resource is the least significant resource required to participate in preferential procurement. Lastly the results suggested that micro enterprises place less significance on supply capacity resource.Dissertation (MBA)--University of Pretoria, 2012.
Gordon Institute of Business Science (GIBS)
unrestricted
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Dewi, Catur Utami. "The impact of strengthening micro, small and medium enterprises in Indonesia :-A case study of the USCc-Satunama project-." University of the Western Cape, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/11394/7785.
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Magister Economicae - MEconIn this mini-thesis, I explore what impact a particular project in Indonesia on strengthening micro, small and medium enterprises (SMEs) has on economic development. I argue, firstly that the project makes a positive contribution to development and secondly that an approach which combines training programs and technical assistance with credit makes a greater contribution than training programs and technical assistance alone. I use the view that SMEs are very important for development as the basis of my argumentation. In spite of this, there is a lack of support for SMEs from the Indonesian government. This gap of support for SMEs was and is partially filled by non governmental organizations (NGOs). The NGOs support SMEs in dealing with problems such as the lack of working capital as well as the lack of knowledge about production, marketing, and management. I focused my field study on the USC-Satunama project. USC-Satunama is a non-governmental organization which works (amongst other activities) to strengthen SMEs. Its activities include the provision of training programs and technical assistance to improve the human capital of the entrepreneurs as well as providing credit. Training programs and technical assistance are provided to all the beneficiaries of the project. However, not all beneficiaries are provided with a credit facility. Therefore, the respective impact of the two different types of support, (i)' a combination of training programs and technical assistance with credit and (ii) training programs and technical assistance alone, can be explored. I use the improved welfare of the entrepreneurs indicated by the increase of their profits as yardstick to ascertain the impact of the project on development. The result of the field study is: the approach of the USC-Satunama project, according to which a training program and technical assistance are combined with credit, indeed makes a significant and positive contribution to the welfare of the entrepreneurs and thus it contributes to the development of Indonesia.
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Matiso, Khayalethu Goodman. "The effects of the Labour Relations Act on small, medium and micro enterprises (SMME's) in the Nelson Mandela Metropolitan." Thesis, Port Elizabeth Technikon, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10948/123.
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The society in which we live is economically based and the greater part of our activities centres in the economy. Within this context, the Department of Trade and Industry recognized that small business development was an important area for government intervention. A long process of highlighting the importance of this sector and creating the right environment in which small businesses could grow and flourish was initiated at the level of policy and legislation. In the Labour Relations field, an attempt at achieving some measure of certainty in previously disputed areas was made through the passing of the Labour Relations Act of 1995. This study aims at exploring the effects of this Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. In fulfilling this aim, the focus was restricted to factors such as dismissal of workers, strikes and lock-outs, freedom of association and dispute resolution. The theory pertaining to Labour Legislation and small business development was obtained by means of conducting a comprehensive literature study. The literature study included all relevant perspectives on the Labour Relations Act and Government Policy on small businesses. From the study, a questionnaire was developed to test the impact of the Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. The empirical results, in general, indicated non-compliance with the Labour Relations Act and negative views on the value of the Act on the growth and development of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole. From the literature study and the findings of the research questionnaire, it became apparent that: · A comprehensive audit of the small business sector in the Nelson Mandela Metropole is needed. The aim of the audit would be to review the current operations of the small business sector in the Metropole. This outcome will indicate the extent of understanding and compliance with the various aspects of the Labour Relations Act. · The acquisition of industrial relations knowledge and skills by owners and leaders in the sector is vital for the development of the sector. The Skills Development Act provides a funding framework for skills training that is relevant to a specific industry. The small business sector could benefit significantly from the provision of this piece of legislation. · A comprehensive support programme for SMME’s is a necessary prerequisite for the growth and development of the sector. The support system could include tax incentives, flexible labour legislation and training as indicated in the above paragraph.
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Tassiopoulos, Dimitri. "An investigation into the co-producers of preferred strategic behaviour in small, micro and medium tourism enterprises in South Africa." Thesis, Stellenbosch : University of Stellenbosch, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/6420.
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Thesis (PhD (Business Management))--University of Stellenbosch, 2010.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The South African tourism industry has undergone transformation with numerous “windows of opportunity” having been opened for tourism entrepreneurs. The South African small, micro and medium tourism enterprises (SMMTE) sector, however, faces numerous challenges. To ensure long-term sustainability, according to Whittle (2000: 8), the owners of SMMTEs need to make efficient and effective business decisions about the internal and external threats and challenges their businesses face. This will ensure that they have sufficient strategic information on which to base decisions in order to maintain their competitive advantage in the tourism industry. Motivation/problem statement: Small business planning behaviour is described as unstructured, irregular and incomprehensive. This characterises SMMTE strategising as incremental, sporadic and reactive. A clear need for strategic planning and management coordination of SMMTEs is identified in the light of increasing competition in the tourism industry and the dominance of large international companies in most sectors of the tourism industry (Cooper & Buhalis, 1996: 101). This study examines determinants of strategic behaviour through a sample frame of formally registered SMMTEs in South Africa. Because of the importance of the issue for a developing economy such as South Africa, the study contributes toward an improved understanding of strategic determinants of sustainable business performance at SMMTE level. It is against this background that the study examines the extent to which linkages or relationships can be established between the characteristics or attributes that are unique to SMMTE owners and manifestations of strategic behaviour. The overall research question in this study is: Do relationships exist between the attributes of SMMTE owners and strategic behaviour? Methods/procedure/approach: The research design for the proposed study primarily involves descriptive and explanatory research. The purpose of using this methodology is to determine predictors of strategic behaviour of SMMTEs in South Africa. Primary and secondary data gathering methods are used in this study. The target-sampling frame is the formally registered SMMTEs in South Africa, and the research sample is determined through using a systematic random sampling method, stratified by province. The study focuses on two elements, namely profile attributes of the SMMTE owner and preferred strategic behaviour that has manifested within the SMMTE. The possible preferred relationship between these two elements is addressed from a theoretical perspective with the basic premise that some of the manifestations of the SMMTE owners’ strategic behaviour have a better likelihood of success. On the basis of this conceptual framework, the development of a suitable data-gathering instrument is discussed and developed to determine the degree of SMMTE strategic behaviour in the ventures. Results/findings/product: The descriptive statistical aspect of the research is discussed in detail. The business characteristics, profiles of the typical attributes or traits of the SMMTE owners, as well as their demographic profiles are discussed in detail. This study further investigates a possible relationship between strategic behaviour (the dependent variable) and entrepreneurial attributes (independent variables) using inferential statistics. The relationships and constructs, as depicted in the a priori model, are empirically tested by means of various statistical techniques: • Reliability testing of the data set is conducted (ref. Section 7.5); • The validity of the research instrument is determined (ref. Section 7.6); • The reliability of the new constructs after exploratory factor analysis is determined (ref. Section 7.6.2); • The relationships between the selected variables are investigated through Spearman’s rho and ANOVA (ref. Section 7.7); and • The relationships between the selected variables of the hypothesis are further investigated (ref. Section 7.7.2) through regression analysis. The research results support an overall statistically significant association between the independent and dependent variables, and the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (and the rejection of the null hypothesis), namely that there is an association between certain attributes of the owners of the SMMTEs (which is characterised by locus of control, reasons for starting a business, holistic capabilities, formal management education and prior experience) and preferred strategic behaviour. However, the research findings do not support an overall statistically significant association between the risk propensity independent variable and strategic behaviour dependent variables. Consequently the following null sub-hypothesis (ref. Section 7.2.2) is accepted: There is no relationship between risk propensity and strategic behaviour. Conclusion/implications: The study makes various recommendations for further research (ref. Section 8.5.1) and explains the practical implications (ref. Section 8.5.2) thereof. The findings of this study have identified entrepreneurial attributes that have a significant association with strategic behaviour and have made a contribution toward the largely underresearched subject of the role of strategy in entrepreneurship. The study has further applied this to a largely under-researched economic sector in South Africa, namely tourism. The results in this study have produced a foundation for further analysis of the attributes of SMMTE entrepreneurs and the manifestation of strategic behaviour in SMMTEs.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die Suid-Afrikaanse toerismebedryf is getransformeer en dit het talle geleenthede vir toerisme-entrepreneurs in dié bedryf laat ontstaan. Die sektor vir klein, mikro- en middelgrootte toerismeondernemings (KMMTO’s) in Suid-Afrika staan egter voor talle uitdagings. Om volhoubaarheid op lang termyn te verseker, moet die eienaars van KMMTO’s volgens Whittle (2000: 8) doeltreffende en doelmatige sakebesluite neem oor die interne en eksterne bedreigings en uitdagings waarvoor hul ondernemings te staan kom. Dit sal verseker dat hulle oor voldoende strategiese inligting beskik waarop hulle besluite kan grond sodat hulle 'n mededingende voordeel in die toerismebedryf kan volhou. Motivering/probleemstelling: Die beplanningsgedrag van klein ondernemings word as ongestruktureerd, onreëlmatig en onvolledig beskryf. Dit tipeer die strategiese beplanning van KMMTO’s as inkrementeel, sporadies en reaktief. 'n Duidelike behoefte aan strategiese beplanning en bestuurskoördinering word by KMMTO’s geïdentifiseer in die lig van groter mededinging in die toerismebedryf en die oorheersing van groot internasionale maatskappye in die meeste sektore van die toerismebedryf (Cooper & Buhalis, 1996: 101). Hierdie studie ondersoek die bepalers van strategiese gedrag deur middel van 'n steekproefraamwerk van formeel geregistreerde KMMTO’s in Suid-Afrika. Omdat hierdie kwessie vir 'n ontwikkelende ekonomie soos dié van Suid-Afrika belangrik is, dra die studie by tot 'n beter begrip van die strategiese bepalers van volhoubare sakeprestasie op KMMTO-vlak. Dit is die agtergrond wat die studie gebruik om vas te stel tot watter mate daar verwantskappe of verhoudings bestaan tussen die kenmerke of eienskappe wat uniek aan KMMTO-eienaars is en die manifestering van strategiese gedrag. Die oorkoepelende navorsingsvraag in hierdie studie is: Bestaan daar verwantskappe tussen die kenmerke van KMMTO-eienaars en strategiese gedrag? Metodes/prosedure/benadering: Die navorsingsontwerp vir die voorgestelde studie behels hoofsaaklik beskrywende en verduidelikende navorsing. Die doel van die gebruik van hierdie metodologie is om die voorspellers van strategiese gedrag van KMMTO’s in Suid-Afrika te bepaal. Primêre en sekondêre metodes van datainsameling is in die studie gebruik. Die steekproefraamwerk bestaan uit formeel geregistreerde KMMTO’s in Suid- Afrika en die navorsingsteekproef is bepaal deur 'n sistematies ewekansige steekproefmetode te gebruik wat volgens provinsie gestratifiseer is. Die studie lê klem op twee elemente, naamlik die profielkenmerke van KMMTO-eienaars en die voorkeur strategiese gedrag wat in die KMMTO manifesteer. Die moontlike voorkeurverhouding tussen hierdie twee elemente word vanuit 'n teoretiese perspektief beskou met die basiese uitgangspunt dat sommige manifestasies van die KMMTO-eienaars se strategiese gedrag 'n beter kans op sukses het. Die ontwikkeling van 'n toepaslike datainsamelingsinstrument word op grond van hierdie konseptuele raamwerk bespreek en ontwikkel om die graad van strategiese gedrag in die ondernemings te bepaal. Resultate/bevindings/produk: Die beskrywende statistiese aspek van die navorsing word breedvoerig bespreek. Die besigheidskenmerke, profiele van die tipiese kenmerke of eienskappe van die KMMTO-eienaars sowel as die demografiese profiele van die KMMTO eienaars word ook breedvoerig bespreek. Hierdie studie ondersoek ook 'n moontlike verwantskap tussen strategiese gedrag (die afhanklike veranderlike) en entrepreneurskenmerke (onafhanklike veranderlikes) met behulp van inferensiële statistiek. Die verhoudings en konstrukte, soos in die a priori-model uitgebeeld, word empiries deur middel van verskeie statistiese tegnieke getoets: • Betroubaarheidstoetsing van die datastel word uitgevoer (verw. Afdeling 7.5); • Die geldigheid van die navorsingsinstrument word bepaal (verw. Afdeling 7.6); • Die betroubaarheid van die nuwe konstrukte word ná verkennende faktorontleding bepaal (verw. Afdeling 7.6.2); • Die verhoudings tussen die geselekteerde veranderlikes van die hipotese word met Spearman se rho en ANOVA (verw. Afdeling 7.7) getoets; en • Die verhoudings tussen die geselekteerde veranderlikes van die hipotese word verder (verw. Afdeling 7.7.2) deur regressieontleding getoets. Die navorsingsresultate ondersteun 'n oorkoepelende en statisties beduidende verband tussen die onafhanklike en afhanklike veranderlikes, en die aanvaarding van die alternatiewe hipotese (en die verwerping van die nulhipotese), naamlik dat daar 'n verband is tussen sekere van die eienskappe van die KMMTO-eienaars (wat gekenmerk word deur lokus van beheer, redes vir die vestiging van 'n besigheid, konseptuele/perseptuele vermoëns, formele bestuursopleiding en vorige ondervinding) en voorkeur strategiese gedrag. Die navorsingsbevindinge ondersteun egter nie 'n oorkoepelende statisties beduidende verband tussen risikogeneigdheid as onafhanklike veranderlike en strategiese gedrag as afhanklike veranderlikes nie. Die volgende nulsubhipotese (verw. Afdeling 7.2.2) word dus aanvaar: Daar is geen verwantskap tussen risikogeneigdheid en strategiese gedrag nie. Gevolgtrekking/implikasies: Die studie maak verskeie aanbevelings vir verdere navorsing (verw. Afdeling 8.5.1) en verduidelik die praktiese implikasies hiervan (verw. Afdeling 8.5.2). Die bevindinge van hierdie studie identifiseer die entrepreneurskenmerke wat 'n beduidende verband met strategiese gedrag toon en wat 'n bydrae lewer tot die rol van strategie in entrepreneurskap – 'n onderwerp wat nie voldoende nagevors is nie. Die studie pas dit ook toe op toerisme – 'n ekonomiese sektor in Suid-Afrika wat ook nie voldoende nagevors is nie. Die resultate van hierdie studie vorm 'n grondslag vir die verdere ontleding van die eienskappe van KMMTO-entrepreneurs en die manifestering van strategiese gedrag in KMMTO’s.
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Chimucheka, Tendai. "The impact of entrepreneurship education on the performance of small, micro and medium enterprises in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/d1007107.
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Small Micro and Medium Enterprises (SMMEs) play an important role in contributing to economic development of many countries around the world, including South Africa. Despite the importance of SMMEs an unacceptable and disappointingly high number of these ventures fail during the first few years of operation. It is in light of the importance and challenges faced by SMMEs that the performance of SMMEs is of interest to all countries. This study investigated the impact of entrepreneurship education on the performance of SMMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality. The objectives of the study were to investigate the role of entrepreneurship education in improving entrepreneurship skills and knowledge of owner/managers of SMMEs in the Buffalo City Metropolitan Municipality, to determine the role of entrepreneurship education on the establishment and survival of SMMEs and to identify strategies that can be implemented to improve the performance of SMMEs. Both primary and secondary data sources were used in this study. A quantitative research design was used in conducting this research. Simple random sampling, a probability sampling technique was used to select a sample of 201 from the sample frame of 420 registered SMMEs. The survey method, by way of a self-administered questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) is the statistical software that was used to analyse data. The Chi-square test, the T-test, Pearson Product Moment Correlation and descriptive statistics were used to analyse data. Validity and reliability of the research instrument and the findings was assured. The results for this study are useful for the development of the SMME sector, which is very important to South Africa for they contribute to the solving of socio-economic challenges. The findings of this research showed that entrepreneurship education has a positive impact on the performance of SMMEs and it plays a critical role in improving entrepreneurial skills and knowledge of SMME owners and managers. It was also found that entrepreneurial education is very important for the establishment and survival of SMMEs. Strategies that can be implemented to improve the performance of SMMEs in South Africa were suggested to the government, government agencies, educational institutions, other organisations, and SMME owners and managers.
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Bellido, Yamil, Rosa Andrea La, Carlos Torres, Grimaldo Quispe, and Carlos Raymundo. "Waste optimization model based on Lean Manufacturing to increase productivity in micro- and small-medium enterprises of the textile sector." International Institute of Informatics and Systemics, IIIS, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/10757/624725.
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Mbuyisa, Busisiwe Benedicta. "ICT Usage in Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises : a South African Perspective Of its Role and Impact on Poverty Reduction." Thesis, University of Pretoria, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61705.
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The role and impact of information and communications technologies (ICTs) towards enabling socio-economic development in small, medium and micro enterprises (SMMEs) has received attention from various scholars. South Africa as a lower middle-income developing country has a number of development priorities which include the urgent need to expand the economy and ultimately to eradicate poverty and unemployment. Based on evidence from more advanced economies, expanded access and usage of ICTs in SMMEs is considered an imperative to enable the acceleration of development goals.
This study sets out to advance understanding of the role and impact of ICT usage by SMMEs on poverty reduction from a South African perspective. A systematic literature review methodology was applied to analyse previous theoretical and empirical studies conducted on the interplay between ICTs, SMMEs and poverty reduction. Empirical data was gathered from SMMEs through semi structured interviews and observations. A purposively selected case study was also carried out serving to enhance contextual insight into the role of ICTs in an SMME context. The thematic analysis method, Actor-Network Theory (ANT) and Sustainable Livelihood framework (SL) were applied as the data analysis methods. The combination of ANT and the SL framework for expanded analysis has not been applied before by similar studies that examine the interplay between ICT, SMMEs and poverty reduction. The process of triangulation was applied on the empirical findings in order to reduce bias and to construct a conceptual model.
This study contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a conceptual model that frames the role and impact of ICT usage by SMMEs towards improving their livelihoods and reducing poverty. Methodologically it offers an example of how method pluralism can be applied to gain a better understanding of the research phenomena. From a practical perspective, this study addresses real life challenges resulting in the suggestion of practical guidelines to ensure that the use of ICTs by SMMEs results in improvements in their financial and non-financial well-being. The findings of this study indicate that the relationship between ICT usage and poverty reduction is neither simple nor linear.
Effective use of ICTs could result in SMMEs leveraging more benefits and thus improving their human capabilities as well as social and economic well-being resulting in poverty reduction.Thesis (PhD) University of Pretoria, 2017.
Informatics
PhD
Unrestricted
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Von, Blottnitz Magali. "Dysfunctional market or insufficient creditworthiness? : an exploration of financial constraint experienced by small, medium and micro enterprises in South Africa." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/5620.
Full textAbstract:
Includes abstract.Includes bibliographical references (p. 212-228 ).
The existence and prevalence of financial constraints has been extensively discussed in the international economic literature, and is implicit in debates on the performance and needs of South Africa’s Small, Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs). However, there is little solid research measuring financial constraints among South African SMMEs. In addition, the reasons advanced for their financial constraints are often speculative and anecdotal rather than the result of sound research. The hypothesis of credit rationing, resulting from information asymmetries, is well established in theory but an additional explanatory hypothesis, the fragile financial structure of SMMEs, is often voiced by the South African finance community. With South African data being scarce and patchy, none of these hypotheses has been validated by empirical studies. The most likely reason for these gaps in literature is not a lack of interest, but the considerable difficulty of raising reliable data from SMMEs, a joint result of confidentiality, widespread informality in the sector, and the limitations of publicly available statistics in developing countries. Surveys of banks or SMMEs raise risks of partiality and limited ability of respondents to provide quantitative data, while accounting data are characterised by limited usability and reliability. This thesis attempts to address those challenges by exploring primary and secondary sources of data, combining the respective strengths of interview and financial data.
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Matela, Leah. "Economic contribution of Small Medium and Micro Enterprises (SMMEs) towards the development of tourism in rural areas of Butha-Buthe in Lesotho." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1789.
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Dissertation submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree
Master of Technology: Business Administration in Entrepreneurship
in the Faculty of Business
at the Cape Peninsula University of Technology
2013Tourism is a fast growing industry and has the potential for poverty alleviation for rural persons. Butha-Buthe, being in a rural area of Lesotho, has magnificent scenery of mountains, attractions to be visited, and adventure activities to be done. However, tourism in Butha-Buthe is under-developed, and it is very important to identify tourism’s potential in this area and explore how SMMEs could contribute in the development of tourism. Therefore the objective of this study is to examine the economic role of small, medium and micro enterprises in the development of tourism in Butha-Buthe. Challenges faced by the SMMEs include lack of resources such as poor infrastructure poor roads, transportation, and a lack of network-communication. Other challenges would be poor business skills in regards to employment and management which leads to business failure. To accomplish the study objective, questionnaires were distributed to local entrepreneurs in Butha-Buthe, local communities, local government and other stake-holders in the district. In addition, a mixed method of research was carefully and logically planned and then implemented. A survey questionnaire was used to obtain the views of the different stakeholders. The questionnaires were collected and data analysed which allowed the researcher to draw conclusions and propose a range of recommendations based on the findings, to assist in the development of tourism in Butha-Buthe. The findings revealed that there is huge potential of tourism development in Butha-Buthe through the SMME sector, but that there are still challenges faced by SMMEs in this district, despite the economic contribution they make. However, through the support of the government and private sectors these challenges should be dealt with.
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TRINDADE, JOSE EDUARDO DE OLIVEIRA. "MEASUREMENT AND EVALUATION OF INNOVATIVE CAPACITY OF MICRO, SMALL AND MEDIUM ENTERPRISES: APPLICATION OF FUZZY MULTI-CRITERIA METHODS FOR DECISION SUPPORT." PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIRO, 2016. http://www.maxwell.vrac.puc-rio.br/Busca_etds.php?strSecao=resultado&nrSeq=29381@1.
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PONTIFÍCIA UNIVERSIDADE CATÓLICA DO RIO DE JANEIROCOORDENAÇÃO DE APERFEIÇOAMENTO DO PESSOAL DE ENSINO SUPERIOR
PROGRAMA DE SUPORTE À PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO DE INSTS. DE ENSINO
Na perspectiva de estimular o aprimoramento do processo de gestão da inovação pelas micro, pequenas e médias empresas (MPMEs) brasileiras e contribuir para formulação ou revisão de políticas públicas de Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (CTeI) voltadas para esse segmento, a presente dissertação tem como objetivo geral propor um modelo para monitorar e avaliar a capacidade inovativa de MPMEs. A pesquisa pode ser considerada descritiva, metodológica e aplicada. A partir dos resultados da revisão bibliográfica e documental sobre os temas centrais da pesquisa, desenvolveu-se um modelo para mensuração e avaliação da capacidade inovativa de MPMEs, com base na integração de dois métodos multicritério fuzzy de apoio à decisão – Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) e Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS). Visando demonstrar a aplicabilidade desse modelo no contexto das MPMEs e explicitar seus diferenciais metodológicos em comparação a outros métodos de apoio à decisão, não combinados com a teoria de conjuntos fuzzy, realizou-se um estudo junto a 15 MPMEs participantes do Programa NAGI da PUC-Rio. Destacam-se como principais contribuições da pesquisa um modelo para mensuração e avaliação da capacidade inovativa de MPMEs, que considera a complexidade, subjetividade e incerteza como características inerentes a essa atividade, e um conjunto de indicadores compostos associados às três dimensões de capacidade inovativa contempladas no modelo proposto.
From the perspective of stimulating the improvement of the process of innovation management by micro, small and medium enterprises (MSMEs) and contributing to the formulation or review of public policies concerning the area of Science, Technology and Innovation (CTandI), focusing on this segment, the aim of the dissertation is to propose a model to monitor and evaluate the innovative capacity of MSMEs. This research can be classified as descriptive, methodological and applied. From the bibliographic and documentary review on the central themes of the research, a model was developed to measure and evaluate the innovative capacity of MSMEs based on the integration of two fuzzy multi-criteria methods of decision support - Fuzzy Analytical Hierarchy Process (FAHP) and Fuzzy Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution (FTOPSIS). Aiming to demonstrate the applicability of this model in the context of MSMEs and to explicit its methodological differentials in comparison to other methods for measuring the innovative capacity of enterprises, an empirical study with 15 MSMEs participants of the NAGI Program at PUC-Rio was carried out during the applied phase of this research. The main contributions are a model for measuring and evaluating the innovative capacity of MSMEs, which considers the complexity, subjectivity, and uncertainty as characteristics inherent to these activities, and a set of composed indicators associated with the three dimensions of the innovative capacity considered in the proposed model.
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Dilver, Sinem. "Competitive advantage through effective management of information technology: a case of small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (smmes) in southern turkey." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1396.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree Master of Technology: Information Technology in the Faculty of Informatics and Design at the Cape Peninsula University of TechnologyIn both developed and developing countries, small, medium and micro-sized enterprises (SMMEs) play a role in the economic growth of the country. The number of SMMEs and the contribution they make to national economies have been growing rapidly in recent years. The concept of trade globalisation has accelerated during this period from a national perspective to reaching international dimensions. This period is therefore a clear indicator for entrepreneurs to be more aware of new opportunities. In today’s information age it is important not only to obtain information, but also to use information effectively to create value. Information technology (IT) increases the importance of information. SMMEs need to consider IT as an important factor to achieve success in globalisation, competitiveness and innovation. Although some SMMEs use IT efficiently to improve their business and value adding processes to create a competitive advantage, SMMEs in Turkey do not effectively leverage their IT to create this advantage. This leads to low productivity among SMMEs and a subsequent low contribution to the Turkish economy. The aim of this research is to explore the challenges of adopting IT within Turkish SMMEs and the ways in which Turkish SMMEs can use IT to gain a competitive advantage. The research focuses on the importance of IT in the insurance sector in order to propose a set of guidelines to small insurance service providers on how to utilise IT to create a competitive advantage in their enterprises. The research objectives are to investigate the challenges of IT adoption and determine what role IT plays in creating a competitive advantage in Turkish SMMEs. This research consists of two basic components: firstly a qualitative methodology is used which includes employing a literature analysis, and secondly an empirical study is conducted which consists of primary research and interviews to collect data through an interview questionnaire. Qualitative data is collected from 25 SMME owners and managers in Southern Turkey through semi-structured interviews. Data is analysed using descriptive qualitative analysis. The research indicates a low usage level of IT software products by SMMEs because IT is not seen as an important tool to create a competitive advantage. Although IT enables the integration of business processes when used effectively, most SMMEs do not tap into the capabilities IT has to offer. The most common barrier for SMMEs wanting to use IT in their businesses is the high cost of IT adoption. Although there are free IT software products available for SMMEs and funding is provided by the government and other institutions, SMMEs seems not to be aware of this. The research suggests that the effective use of IT has a positive impact on SMMEs. IT provides enhanced product development and service quality to cultivate an improved level of productivity in SMMEs, and this enables SMMEs to secure a competitive advantage. As a result of using IT, SMMEs provide increased employment, grow their production, and make a significant contribution to the national economy. The outcome of the research is a set of guidelines to assist SMMEs in focusing on IT adoption and the effective use of IT to gain a competitive advantage. The research provides an improved understanding of how SMMEs adopt IT in order to gain this advantage. The challenges facing SMMEs wishing to adopt IT include a lack of information and resources to explore opportunities for IT adoption, managerial ignorance of IT, and a lack of qualified staff.