To see the other types of publications on this topic, follow the link: Micro-UAV control.
Journal articles on the topic 'Micro-UAV control'
Create a spot-on reference in APA, MLA, Chicago, Harvard, and other styles
Consult the top 50 journal articles for your research on the topic 'Micro-UAV control.'
Next to every source in the list of references, there is an 'Add to bibliography' button. Press on it, and we will generate automatically the bibliographic reference to the chosen work in the citation style you need: APA, MLA, Harvard, Chicago, Vancouver, etc.
You can also download the full text of the academic publication as pdf and read online its abstract whenever available in the metadata.
Browse journal articles on a wide variety of disciplines and organise your bibliography correctly.
1
Gabrlik, Petr, Vlastimil Kriz, and Ludek Zalud. "RECONNAISSANCE MICRO UAV SYSTEM." Acta Polytechnica CTU Proceedings 2, no. 2 (December 31, 2015): 15–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.14311/app.2015.1.0015.
Full textAbstract:
This paper describes the design and implementation of the Uranus UAV. This quad-rotor flying robot was created to extend the abilities of the hitherto developed with airborne missions. The first part deals with the mathematical model of the robot. Next, the control system is designed, and the proposed hardware as well as the implemented software solution are presented. For integration into the robotic system, a new communication protocol was created and is described here too.
2
Zhai, Rui Yong, Wen Dong Zhang, Zhao Ying Zhou, Sheng Bo Sang, and Pei Wei Li. "Trajectory Tracking Control for Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Advanced Materials Research 798-799 (September 2013): 448–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.798-799.448.
Full textAbstract:
This article considers the problem of trajectory tracking control for a micro fixed-wing unmanned air vehicle (UAV). With Bank-to-Turn (BTT) method to manage lateral deviation control of UAV, this paper discusses the outer loop guidance system, which separates the vehicle guidance problems into lateral control loop and longitudinal control loop. Based on the kinematic model of the coordinated turning of UAV, the aircraft can track a pre-specified flight path with desired error range. Flight test results on a fixed-wing UAV have indicated that the trajectory tracking control law is quite effective.
3
Kojima, Ryota, Kakuji Ogawara, and Takahiro Yoneda. "1307 Delayed Feedback Altitude Control for Micro UAV." Proceedings of Conference of Chugoku-Shikoku Branch 2009.47 (2009): 439–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1299/jsmecs.2009.47.439.
Full text
4
Michael, Nathan, Davide Scaramuzza, and Vijay Kumar. "Special issue on micro-UAV perception and control." Autonomous Robots 33, no. 1-2 (May 5, 2012): 1–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10514-012-9295-y.
Full text
5
Zhang, Hong Jun, Lu Wen Jun, and Li Biao Tong. "Design and Implementation of a Detection Device for Flight Control System in Unmanned Aerial Vehicle." Applied Mechanics and Materials 121-126 (October 2011): 764–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.121-126.764.
Full textAbstract:
Flight control system (FCS) is the command center for the unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). A low-cost, high-precision micro-UAV attitude calibration table is designed by utilizing the structure of the vertical gyroscope of the flight attitude angle sensor. The detection device for the UAV FCS developed by loop-in-simulation achieves unmanned attitude calibration and overall performance detection of the FCS.
6
Xiong, Wei, Zhao Ying Zhou, and Xiao Yan Liu. "Study of Low Cost Micro Autopilot for Fixed-Wing UAV." Advanced Materials Research 317-319 (August 2011): 1672–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.317-319.1672.
Full textAbstract:
From the cost-effective viewpoint of low cost Bank-to-Turn (BTT) Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAV) and target drone, a low cost flight control system, with the fewest number of sensors, is studied in this paper for the fixed-wing UAV. The structure of the control system is described which is able to estimate necessary information to provide stabilization and guidance for a small fixed wing BTT UAV. The practical flight control system structure and control law for roll hold loop, altitude hold loop, trajectory tracking loop are designed based on the sensor configuration with only a MEMS rate gyro, a MEMS pressure sensor and global positioning system (GPS) receiver only. A prototype low cost autopilot is trial-produced to control a typical UAV. The Experimental results show the effectiveness of navigation and control methods of f the proposed methodology.
7
Bristeau, Pierre-Jean, François Callou, David Vissière, and Nicolas Petit. "The Navigation and Control technology inside the AR.Drone micro UAV." IFAC Proceedings Volumes 44, no. 1 (January 2011): 1477–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3182/20110828-6-it-1002.02327.
Full text
8
Kownacki, Cezary. "REAL FLIGHT DEMONSTRATION OF PITCH AND ROLL CONTROL FOR UAV CANYON FLIGHTS." Acta Mechanica et Automatica 7, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 148–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ama-2013-0025.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract The paper presents results of an experiment prepared to validate the autonomous control of obstacle avoidance designed for a micro UAV to fly in urban canyons. The idea of the obstacle avoidance assumes usage of two miniature laser rangefinders responsible for obstacle detection and range measurement. Measured ranges from obstacles placed on both sides of UAV can be used to simultaneous control of desired roll and pitch angles. Such combination of controls allows achieving high agility of UAV, because during a maneuver of obstacle avoidance UAV can make a turn and climb at the same time. In the experiment, controls of roll and pitch angles were verified separately to ensure high reliability of results and clearance of UAV behavior in the real flight. Because of lack of appropriate objects, which can be used as obstacles, laser rangefinders were directed vertically to the ground instead of the original horizontal configuration. So sensors determine ranges from the ground during a descent flight of UAV, and if their values are lower than defined threshold, it could be interpreted as obstacle detection. The experiment results present UAV behavior adequate to designed controls of roll and pitch angle. The vehicle turns in the opposite direction to the sensing axis of laser rangefinder detecting an obstacle and starts climbing when both sensors detect obstacles at the same range below the threshold.
9
Tang, Wei, Lijian Wang, Jiawei Gu, and Yunfeng Gu. "Single Neural Adaptive PID Control for Small UAV Micro-Turbojet Engine." Sensors 20, no. 2 (January 8, 2020): 345. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20020345.
Full textAbstract:
The micro-turbojet engine (MTE) is especially suitable for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs). Because the rotor speed is proportional to the thrust force, the accurate speed tracking control is indispensable for MTE. Thanks to its simplicity, the proportional–integral–derivative (PID) controller is commonly used for rotor speed regulation. However, the PID controller cannot guarantee superior performance over the entire operation range due to the time-variance and strong nonlinearity of MTE. The gain scheduling approach using a family of linear controllers is recognized as an efficient alternative, but such a solution heavily relies on the model sets and pre-knowledge. To tackle such challenges, a single neural adaptive PID (SNA-PID) controller is proposed herein for rotor speed control. The new controller featuring with a single-neuron network is able to adaptively tune the gains (weights) online. The simple structure of the controller reduces the computational load and facilitates the algorithm implementation on low-cost hardware. Finally, the proposed controller is validated by numerical simulations and experiments on the MTE in laboratory conditions, and the results show that the proposed controller achieves remarkable effectiveness for speed tracking control. In comparison with the PID controller, the proposed controller yields 54% and 66% reductions on static tracking error under two typical cases.
10
Passafiume, Marco, Neda Rojhani, Giovanni Collodi, and Alessandro Cidronali. "Modeling Small UAV Micro-Doppler Signature Using Millimeter-Wave FMCW Radar." Electronics 10, no. 6 (March 22, 2021): 747. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics10060747.
Full textAbstract:
With the increase in small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) applications in several technology areas, detection and small UAVs classification have become of interest. To cope with small radar cross-sections (RCSs), slow-flying speeds, and low flying altitudes, the micro-Doppler signature provides some of the most distinctive information to identify and classify targets in many radar systems. In this paper, we introduce an effective model for the micro-Doppler effect that is suitable for frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) radar applications, and exploit it to investigate UAV signatures. The latter depends on the number of UAV motors, which are considered vibrational sources, and their rotation speed. To demonstrate the reliability of the proposed model, it is used to build simulated FMCW radar images, which are compared with experimental data acquired by a 77 GHz FMCW multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) cost-effective automotive radar platform. The experimental results confirm the model’s ability to estimate the class of the UAV, namely its number of motors, in different operative scenarios. In addition, the experimental results show that the motors rotation speed does not imprint a significant signature on the classification of the UAV; thus, the estimation of the number of motors represents the only viable parameter for small UAV classification using the micro-Doppler effect.
11
Kopecki, Grzegorz, Andrzej Tomczyk, and Paweł Rzucidło. "Algorithms of Measurement System for a Micro UAV." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 165–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.165.
Full textAbstract:
The article presents a measurement system for a micro UAV designed at the Department of Avionics and Control Systems of Rzeszów University of Technology. Since the project is based on earlier projects, e.g.[[[[1[[[1, the introduction begins with their short presentation [they are mentioned in the introduction firs. Then, the current project is discussed. The major objective of the project is to create a miniature autopilot cooperating with navigation units, data transmission units and measurement units. The system is based on Polish technological solutions. The autopilot is designed as a single unit, however the system is open and it allows you to use different elements. The system development is also possible. In-flight testing will be realized with the use of two unmanned flying platforms equipped with an electrical engine and a piston engine. The total mass of the platforms is 5 kg and 25 kg respectively. The article presents the structure of the control and navigation system and then, the structure of the measurement system. The measurement units consist of a GPS receiver, an attitude and heading reference system (AHRS) and an air data computer (ADC). Similar configuration is used in other micro UAV solutions, such as Micropilot or Kestrel. Then, algorithms of the measurement system are described. Navigation is based on GPS data with a DGPS (Differential GPS) advanced module. If the measurement information is complete, GPS data are used to correct measurements from other units. The system estimates wind disturbances and calculates accelerometers errors. In the case of missing GPS signals implementation of low-cost sensors may lead to significant measurement errors, and hence navigation only by means of the INS is impossible. In such a case, navigation is realized with the use of an inertial navigation system (INS), the magnetic heading measurement and ADC. AHRS unit algorithms use quaternion algebra for attitude calculation. For correction, complementary filtering is implemented [, [. The correction signal for the attitude (pitch and roll angles) is calculated with the use of acceleration measurements. Measurements of accelerations and yaw rates are used for the correction switching mechanism, since in dynamic states signals calculated from accelerations cannot be used for correction. Heading is corrected by means of magnetic heading measurement. ADC algorithms are based on typical aerodynamic dependences.
12
Zabunov, Svetoslav, and Garo Mardirossian. "Scales for measuring UAV micro-motor static thrust." Aerospace Research in Bulgaria 30 (2018): 96–102. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/arb.v30.e08.
Full textAbstract:
With the advent of micro-sized unmanned helicopters and airplanes weighing under 250 g certain needs for measurement instruments and setups are emerging. The authors have identified the lack of micro-motor measurement instruments and more specifically a static thrust gauge device. For this reason, scales to measure static motor thrust was advised and further developed as a laboratory setup. The motors that are subject to testing with the described instrument are the brushed micro-sized coreless electric motors, well suited for micro-drones with total weight under 250 g. The scale is fitting different sizes of micro-motors and appropriate control of the input voltage is provided. The instrument is measuring simultaneously the applied voltage to the motor and the current it consumes, along with the static thrust the motor generates. The scale is versatile – it measures both pusher and tractor propeller configurations. Pusher propellers in micro-drones are gaining significant attention lately due to their better efficiency characteristics.
13
Mystkowski, Arkadiusz. "Robust Optimal Control of MAV Based on Linear-Time Varying Decoupled Model Dynamics." Solid State Phenomena 198 (March 2013): 571–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/ssp.198.571.
Full textAbstract:
This paper discusses a nonlinear robust control design procedure to micro air vehicle that uses the singular value (μ) and μ-synthesis technique. The optimal robust control law that combines a linear parameters varying (LPV) of UAV (unmanned aerial vehicle) are realized by using serial connection of the Kestrel autopilot and the Gumstix microprocessor. Thus, the robust control feedback loops, which handle the uncertainty of aerodynamics derivatives, are used to ensure robustness stability of the UAV local dynamics in longitudinal and lateral control directions.
14
San, Khin Thida, Sun Ju Mun, Yeong Hun Choe, and Yoon Seok Chang. "UAV Delivery Monitoring System." MATEC Web of Conferences 151 (2018): 04011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201815104011.
Full textAbstract:
UAV-based delivery systems are increasingly being used in the logistics field, particularly to achieve faster last-mile delivery. This study develops a UAV delivery system that manages delivery order assignments, autonomous flight operation, real time control for UAV flights, and delivery status tracking. To manage the delivery item assignments, we apply the concurrent scheduler approach with a genetic algorithm. The present paper describes real time flight data based on a micro air vehicle communication protocol (MAVLink). It also presents the detailed hardware components used for the field tests. Finally, we provide UAV component analysis to choose the suitable components for delivery in terms of battery capacity, flight time, payload weight and motor thrust ratio.
15
Itoh, Jun-ichi, Kazuki Kawamura, Keisuke Kusaka, Yoshiya Ohnuma, Hiroyuki Koshikizawa, and Kazuyuki Abe. "Control of Starter Generator in a UAV with a Micro Jet Engine." IEEJ Journal of Industry Applications 8, no. 3 (May 1, 2019): 421–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1541/ieejjia.8.421.
Full text
16
Zhang, Yizhai, Wenhui Wang, Panfeng Huang, and Zainan Jiang. "Monocular Vision-based Sense and Avoid of UAV Using Nonlinear Model Predictive Control." Robotica 37, no. 9 (March 6, 2019): 1582–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574719000158.
Full textAbstract:
SummaryThe potential use of onboard vision sensors (e.g., cameras) has long been recognized for the Sense and Avoid (SAA) of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), especially for micro UAVs with limited payload capacity. However, vision-based SAA for UAVs is extremely challenging because vision sensors usually have limitations on accurate distance information measuring. In this paper, we propose a monocular vision-based UAV SAA approach. Within the approach, the host UAV can accurately and efficiently avoid a noncooperative intruder only through angle measurements and perform maneuvers for optimal tradeoff among target motion estimation, intruder avoidance, and trajectory tracking. We realize this feature by explicitly integrating a target tracking filter into a nonlinear model predictive controller. The effectiveness of the proposed approach is verified through extensive simulations.
17
Kartal, Yusuf, Patrik Kolaric, Victor Lopez, Atilla Dogan, and Frank Lewis. "Backstepping approach for design of PID controller with guaranteed performance for micro-air UAV." Control Theory and Technology 18, no. 1 (November 6, 2019): 19–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11768-020-9145-y.
Full text
18
Mc’Okeyo, P. O., F. Nex, C. Persello, and A. Vrieling. "AUTOMATED CO-REGISTRATION OF INTRA-EPOCH AND INTER-EPOCH SERIES OF MULTISPECTRAL UAV IMAGES FOR CROP MONITORING." ISPRS Annals of Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-1-2020 (August 3, 2020): 309–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-1-2020-309-2020.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. The application of UAV-based aerial imagery has advanced exponentially in the past two decades. This can be attributed to UAV operational flexibility, ultra-high spatial resolution, inexpensiveness, and UAV-based sensors enhancement. Nonetheless, the application of multitemporal series of multispectral UAV imagery still suffers significant misregistration errors, and therefore becoming a concern for applications such as precision agriculture. Direct image georeferencing and co-registration is commonly done using ground control points; this is usually costly and time consuming. This research proposes a novel approach for automatic co-registration of multitemporal UAV imagery using intensity-based keypoints. The Speeded Up Robust Features (SURF), Binary Robust Invariant Scalable Keypoints (BRISK), Maximally Stable Extremal Regions (MSER) and KAZE algorithms, were tested and parameters optimized. Image matching performance of these algorithms informed the decision to pursue further experiments with only SURF and KAZE. Optimally parametrized SURF and KAZE algorithms obtained co-registration accuracies of 0.1 and 0.3 pixels for intra-epoch and inter-epoch images respectively. To obtain better intra-epoch co-registration accuracy, collective band processing is advised whereas one-to-one matching strategy is recommended for inter-epoch co-registration. The results were tested using a maize crop monitoring case and the; comparison of spectral response of vegetation between the UAV sensors, Parrot Sequoia and Micro MCA was performed. Due to the missing incidence sensor, spectral and radiometric calibration of Micro MCA imagery is observed to be key in achieving optimal response. Also, the cameras have different specifications and thus differ in the quality of their respective photogrammetric outputs.
19
Vindeker, A. V. "Study of declination methods while forming the appearance of the surface-to-air unmanned aerial vehicle with a vertical start." Civil Aviation High Technologies 24, no. 3 (June 28, 2021): 57–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.26467/2079-0619-2021-24-3-57-70.
Full textAbstract:
The problem of choosing a rational declination system from alternative variants at the stage of forming the appearance of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) with a vertical launch is considered. Currently, the vertical launch is becoming more widely used for surface-to-air unmanned aerial vehicles, which are considered in this paper. A characteristic initial part of the trajectory of such unmanned aerial vehicles is the declination to the required angular position over a short period of time. The UAV declination process requires the generation of relatively large control moments. Declination of surface-to-air UAVs is implemented by means of moment gas-dynamic control with two main methods – by using the thrust vector control system of the UAV main jet engine or by using special additional gas-dynamic devices. The alternative variants of declination systems for solving the problem under consideration are:– a thrust vector control system with gas rudders installed in the UAV engine nozzle or just behind its cut-off on special pylons;– a pulse propulsion system that creates the UAV declination moment by means of jets of micro-thrusters, which are activated by a special algorithm.In the comparative analysis of declination systems, the criterion for choosing the correct method of declination was the actual near border of the affected zone. The mass minimum of the projected UAV is accepted as the criterion for choosing a rational variant of the declination system. The main relations for calculating the main design parameters of the considered declination systems are given. The appearance parameters of the hypothetical surface-to-air UAV of medium range with alternative declination systems were calculated. A comparative analysis of the results obtained was carried out.
20
Skaloud, J., D. A. Cucci, and K. Joseph Paul. "FIXED-WING MICRO UAV OPEN DATA WITH DIGICAM AND RAWINS/GNSS." ISPRS Annals of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences V-1-2021 (June 17, 2021): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-annals-v-1-2021-105-2021.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. We have recently released in the open domain data originating from a series of flights conducted with a fixed-wing micro UAV carrying high-quality small camera and navigation sensors. This data was previously used in several peer-reviewed publications. However, the data that we describe in the following is part of a larger series that will be released gradually after incorporating user feedback (e.g., on formats, description, etc.) from the first (three) released open data-sets. In the first part of this work we provide a thorough description of the common elements of these data sets, notably the UAV, its sensors, methods of time-stamping and synchronizing data streams, reference geometrical relations among them (system calibration) as well as time-invariant sensor parameters (e.g., lens distortion, non-orthogonality of inertial sensors) together with ground control points that are valid over the whole series. In the second part we describe the individual missions and provide the links to the released data sets.
21
Ramli, Hanif, Wahyu Kuntjoro, and Ahmad Khushairy Makhtar. "Advanced Autonomous Multirotor Response System." Applied Mechanics and Materials 393 (September 2013): 299–304. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.393.299.
Full textAbstract:
Autonomous Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) in the form of multi-rotor system is having a great potential in various applications such as disaster management (as first response system) and surveillance. It is known that conventional helicopter system, capable of hovering, is practical and reliable as many applications have confirmed its capabilities. However it is only achievable once highly optimized control architecture is realized. The objective of the research presented in this paper is, to develop a small multi rotor UAV system that is able to autonomously flying from one way point to another in a stable manner. This small UAV is termed as Mini (or Micro) Aerial Vehicle (MAV). In this project, a four-rotor system was developed, and becoming the platform of various sensors system, flight control system, and electric propulsion system. The MAV was programmed to be able to lift off and fly to waypoints making use of GPS. This paper presents the architecture of the MAV and its autonomous flight.
22
Feng, Yi, Cong Zhang, Stanley Baek, Samir Rawashdeh, and Alireza Mohammadi. "Autonomous Landing of a UAV on a Moving Platform Using Model Predictive Control." Drones 2, no. 4 (October 12, 2018): 34. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/drones2040034.
Full textAbstract:
Developing methods for autonomous landing of an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) on a mobile platform has been an active area of research over the past decade, as it offers an attractive solution for cases where rapid deployment and recovery of a fleet of UAVs, continuous flight tasks, extended operational ranges, and mobile recharging stations are desired. In this work, we present a new autonomous landing method that can be implemented on micro UAVs that require high-bandwidth feedback control loops for safe landing under various uncertainties and wind disturbances. We present our system architecture, including dynamic modeling of the UAV with a gimbaled camera, implementation of a Kalman filter for optimal localization of the mobile platform, and development of model predictive control (MPC), for guidance of UAVs. We demonstrate autonomous landing with an error of less than 37 cm from the center of a mobile platform traveling at a speed of up to 12 m/s under the condition of noisy measurements and wind disturbances.
23
Zhao, Jingcheng, Xinru Fu, Zongkai Yang, and Fengtong Xu. "Radar-Assisted UAV Detection and Identification Based on 5G in the Internet of Things." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2019 (July 14, 2019): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2850263.
Full textAbstract:
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) have broad application potential for the Internet of Things (IoT) due to their small size, low cost, and flexible control. At present, the main positioning method for UAVs is the use of GPS. However, GPS positioning may be affected by stronger electromagnetic signals from spoofing attacks. In this study, a radar-assisted positioning method based on 5G millimeter waves is proposed. In 5G end-to-end network slices, the rotors of UAVs can be detected and identified by deploying 5G millimeter wave radar. High-resolution range profile (HRRP) is used to obtain the UAV location in the detection zone. Micro-Doppler characteristics are used to identify the UAVs and the cepstrum method is used to extract the number and speed information of the UAV rotor. The sinusoidal frequency modulation (SFM) parameter optimization method is used to separate multiple UAVs. The proposed method provides information on the number of UAVs, the position of the UAV, the number of rotors, and the rotation speed of each rotor. The simulation results show that the proposed radar detection method is well suited for UAV detection and identification and provides a valid GPS-independent method for UAV tracking.
24
TAO, Ye. "Design and Realization of Piecewise PID Controller with Deadzone for Micro UAV." Acta Automatica Sinica 34, no. 6 (February 2, 2009): 716–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.3724/sp.j.1004.2008.00716.
Full text
25
Xing, Li, Xiaowei Tu, Weixing Qian, Zhi Chen, and Qinghua Yang. "Performance Enhancement Method for Angular Rate Measurement Based on Redundant MEMS IMUs." Micromachines 10, no. 8 (August 1, 2019): 514. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi10080514.
Full textAbstract:
Aiming at the low-cost, wide-range, and accurate measurement requirement for Microelectromechanical System (MEMS) Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) on a multi-rotor Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV), the paper designs a heterogeneous parallel redundancy configuration scheme. In redundant MEMS IMUs, a high-cost and small-range MEMS gyroscope is combined with low-cost and large-range MEMS gyroscopes. Then, an adaptive data fusion method of redundant MEMS gyroscopes is proposed. By the designed experiments based on the simulation data and the sensor measurement data, the proposed method has been proved that it can effectively improve the angular rate measurement performance of the multi-rotor UAV and broaden the angular rate measurement range on the basis of saving the configuration cost and volume of the micro IMU.
26
Miao, Cun Xiao, Juan Juan Cao, and Yang Bin Ou. "MEMS-SINS/GPS/Magnetometer Integrated Navigation System for Small Unmanned Aerial Vehicles." Applied Mechanics and Materials 568-570 (June 2014): 976–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.568-570.976.
Full textAbstract:
The constraints of weight, volume and power for Small unmanned air vehicle (UAV) restrict the application of sensors with heavy and good performance and powerful processors. This paper presents a real-time solution of autonomous flight navigation and its results for small UAV by applying small, cheap, low precision and low-power integrated navigation system, which includes Strap-down Inertial Navigation System (SINS) based on Micro-electro-mechanical system (MEMS) inertial sensors, Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver and magnetometer. The Square-Root Unscented Kalman filter (SR-UKF) for data fusion using in this MEMS-SINS/GPS/ magnetometer integrated navigation system provides continuous and reliable navigation results for the loops of guidance and control for the small UAV with autonomous flight. The whole integrated navigation system algorithm is implemented within low-power embedded microprocessors. The real-time flight test results show that the MEMS-SINS/GPS/magnetometer integrated navigation system is effective and accurate.
27
Zhao, Boxin, Olaf Hellwich, Tianjiang Hu, Dianle Zhou, Yifeng Niu, and Lincheng Shen. "Employing smartphone as on-board navigator in unmanned aerial vehicles: implementation and experiments." Industrial Robot: An International Journal 42, no. 4 (June 15, 2015): 306–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ir-01-2015-0016.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose – This study aims to investigate if smartphone sensors can be used in an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) localization system. With the development of technology, smartphones have been tentatively used in micro-UAVs due to their lightweight, inexpensiveness and flexibility. In this study, a Samsung Galaxy S3 smartphone is selected as an on-board sensor platform for UAV localization in Global Positioning System (GPS)-denied environments and two main issues are investigated: Are the phone sensors appropriate for UAV localization? If yes, what are the boundary conditions of employing them? Design/methodology/approach – Efficient accuracy estimation methodologies for the phone sensors are proposed without using any expensive instruments. Using these methods, one can estimate his phone sensors accuracy at any time without special instruments. Then, a visual-inertial odometry scheme is introduced to evaluate the phone sensors-based path estimation performance. Findings – Boundary conditions of using smartphone in a UAV navigation system are found. Both indoor and outdoor localization experiments are carried out and experimental results validate the effectiveness of the boundary conditions and the corresponding implemented scheme. Originality/value – With the phone as a payload, UAVs can be further realized in smaller scale at lower cost, which will be used widely in the field of industrial robots.
28
Yusoff, A. R., N. Darwin, Z. Majid, M. F. M. Ariff, and K. M. Idris. "COMPREHENSIVE ANALYSIS OF FLYING ALTITUDE FOR HIGH RESOLUTION SLOPE MAPPING USING UAV TECHNOLOGY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-583-2018.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) is one of the geoinformation data acquisition technologies that popularly used for slope mapping. UAV is capable to produce high resolution imageries in a short period. In order to obtained suitable results in slope mapping, specific UAV mapping factors have to be followed and the selection of the optimum Ground Control Point (GCP) and the UAV flying altitude become the most important factors. This paper presents the production of high resolution slope map using UAV technology. The research involved with the following steps, (i) preparation of field work (i.e. determination of the number of GCPs and flying altitude) and the flight mission; (ii) processing and evaluating of UAV images, and (iii) production of slope map. The research was successfully conducted at Kulim, Kedah, Malaysia as the condition of slope in that area is prone to the landslide incidences. A micro rotary wing UAV system known as DJI Phantom 4 was used for collecting the high resolution images with various flying altitudes. Due to the un-accessibility of the slope area, all the GCPs are measured from the point cloud data that was acquired from the Pheonix AL-32 LiDAR system. The analysis shows that the coordinates (X, Y and Z) accuracy is influenced by the flying altitude. As the flying altitude increases, the coordinate’s accuracy also increased. Furthermore, the results also show that the coverage slope area and number of tie point increases when the flying altitude increases. This practical study contributed to the slope work activities where the specific requirements for flying altitudes have been clearly stated.</p>
29
Lee, Donghee, Wooryong Park, and Woochul Nam. "Autonomous Landing of Micro Unmanned Aerial Vehicles with Landing-Assistive Platform and Robust Spherical Object Detection." Applied Sciences 11, no. 18 (September 15, 2021): 8555. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11188555.
Full textAbstract:
Autonomous unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) landing can be useful in multiple applications. Precise landing is a difficult task because of the significant navigation errors of the global positioning system (GPS). To overcome these errors and to realize precise landing control, various sensors have been installed on UAVs. However, this approach can be challenging for micro UAVs (MAVs) because strong thrust forces are required to carry multiple sensors. In this study, a new autonomous MAV landing system is proposed, in which a landing platform actively assists vehicle landing. In addition to the vision system of the UAV, a camera was installed on the platform to precisely control the MAV near the landing area. The platform was also designed with various types of equipment to assist the MAV in searching, approaching, alignment, and landing. Furthermore, a novel algorithm was developed for robust spherical object detection under different illumination conditions. To validate the proposed landing system and detection algorithm, 80 flight experiments were conducted using a DJI TELLO drone, which successfully landed on the platform in every trial with a small landing position average error of 2.7 cm.
30
Sabatini, Roberto, Leopoldo Rodríguez, Anish Kaharkar, Celia Bartel, Tesheen Shaid, and David Zammit-Mangion. "LOW-COST NAVIGATION AND GUIDANCE SYSTEMS FOR UNMANNED AERIAL VEHICLES — PART 2: ATTITUDE DETERMINATION AND CONTROL." Annual of Navigation 20, no. 1 (June 1, 2013): 97–126. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/aon-2013-0008.
Full textAbstract:
ABSTRACT This paper presents the second part of the research activity performed by Cranfield University to assess the potential of low-cost navigation sensors for Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAVs). This part focuses on carrier-phase Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS) for attitude determination and control of small to medium size UAVs. Recursive optimal estimation algorithms were developed for combining multiple attitude measurements obtained from different observation points (i.e., antenna locations), and their efficiencies were tested in various dynamic conditions. The proposed algorithms converged rapidly and produced the required output even during high dynamics manoeuvres. Results of theoretical performance analysis and simulation activities are presented in this paper, with emphasis on the advantages of the GNSS interferometric approach in UAV applications (i.e., low cost, high data-rate, low volume/weight, low signal processing requirements, etc.). The simulation activities focussed on the AEROSONDE UAV platform and considered the possible augmentation provided by interferometric GNSS techniques to a low-cost and low-weight/volume integrated navigation system (presented in the first part of this series) which employed a Vision-Based Navigation (VBN) system, a Micro-Electro-Mechanical Sensor (MEMS) based Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) and code-range GNSS (i.e., GPS and GALILEO) for position and velocity computations. The integrated VBN-IMU-GNSS (VIG) system was augmented using the inteferometric GNSS Attitude Determination (GAD) sensor data and a comparison of the performance achieved with the VIG and VIG/GAD integrated Navigation and Guidance Systems (NGS) is presented in this paper. Finally, the data provided by these NGS are used to optimise the design of a hybrid controller employing Fuzzy Logic and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) techniques for the AEROSONDE UAV.
31
Zhang, He, Emilien Aldana-Jague, François Clapuyt, Florian Wilken, Veerle Vanacker, and Kristof Van Oost. "Evaluating the potential of post-processing kinematic (PPK) georeferencing for UAV-based structure- from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry and surface change detection." Earth Surface Dynamics 7, no. 3 (September 2, 2019): 807–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/esurf-7-807-2019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract. Images captured by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and processed by structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry are increasingly used in geomorphology to obtain high-resolution topography data. Conventional georeferencing using ground control points (GCPs) provides reliable positioning, but the geometrical accuracy critically depends on the number and spatial layout of the GCPs. This limits the time and cost effectiveness. Direct georeferencing of the UAV images with differential GNSS, such as PPK (post-processing kinematic), may overcome these limitations by providing accurate and directly georeferenced surveys. To investigate the positional accuracy, repeatability and reproducibility of digital surface models (DSMs) generated by a UAV–PPK–SfM workflow, we carried out multiple flight missions with two different camera–UAV systems: a small-form low-cost micro-UAV equipped with a high field of view (FOV) action camera and a professional UAV equipped with a digital single lens reflex (DSLR) camera. Our analysis showed that the PPK solution provides the same accuracy (MAE: ca. 0.02 m, RMSE: ca. 0.03 m) as the GCP method for both UAV systems. Our study demonstrated that a UAV–PPK–SfM workflow can provide consistent, repeatable 4-D data with an accuracy of a few centimeters. However, a few flights showed vertical bias and this could be corrected using one single GCP. We further evaluated different methods to estimate DSM uncertainty and show that this has a large impact on centimeter-level topographical change detection. The DSM reconstruction and surface change detection based on a DSLR and action camera were reproducible: the main difference lies in the level of detail of the surface representations. The PPK–SfM workflow in the context of 4-D Earth surface monitoring should be considered an efficient tool to monitor geomorphic processes accurately and quickly at a very high spatial and temporal resolution.
32
MA, YuTing, Rui WENG, LiXian ZHANG, TianYu GAO, Bo CAI, and ChengZhe HAN. "Applying a micro-UAV for searching an indoor target person using laser ranging and monocular vision." SCIENTIA SINICA Technologica 50, no. 7 (July 1, 2020): 971–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1360/sst-2020-0130.
Full text
33
Javed, Yaser, Mohtashim Mansoor, and Irtiza Ali Shah. "A review of principles of MEMS pressure sensing with its aerospace applications." Sensor Review 39, no. 5 (September 16, 2019): 652–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sr-06-2018-0135.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose Pressure, being one of the key variables investigated in scientific and engineering research, requires critical and accurate measurement techniques. With the advancements in materials and machining technologies, there is a large leap in the measurement techniques including the development of micro electromechanical systems (MEMS) sensors. These sensors are one to two orders smaller in magnitude than traditional sensors and combine electrical and mechanical components that are fabricated using integrated circuit batch-processing technologies. MEMS are finding enormous applications in many industrial fields ranging from medical to automotive, communication to electronics, chemical to aviation and many more with a potential market of billions of dollars. MEMS pressure sensors are now widely used devices owing to their intrinsic properties of small size, light weight, low cost, ease of batch fabrication and integration with an electronic circuit. This paper aims to identify and analyze the common pressure sensing techniques and discuss their uses and advantages. As per our understanding, usage of MEMS pressure sensors in the aerospace industry is quite limited due to cost constraints and indirect measurement approaches owing to the inability to locate sensors in harsh environments. The purpose of this study is to summarize the published literature for application of MEMS pressure sensors in the said field. Five broad application areas have been investigated including: propulsion/turbomachinery applications, turbulent flow diagnosis, experimentalaerodynamics, micro-flow control and unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)/micro aerial vehicle (MAV) applications. Design/methodology/approach The first part of the paper deals with an introduction to MEMS pressure sensors and mathematical relations for its fabrication. The second part covers pressure sensing principles followed by the application of MEMS pressure sensors in five major fields of aerospace industry. Findings In this paper, various pressure sensing principles in MEMS and applications of MEMS technology in the aerospace industry have been reviewed. Five application fields have been investigated including: Propulsion/Turbomachinery applications, turbulent flow diagnosis, experimental aerodynamics, micro-flow control and UAV/MAV applications. Applications of MEMS sensors in the aerospace industry are quite limited due to requirements of very high accuracy, high reliability and harsh environment survivability. However, the potential for growth of this technology is foreseen due to inherent features of MEMS sensors’ being light weight, low cost, ease of batch fabrication and capability of integration with electric circuits. All these advantages are very relevant to the aerospace industry. This work is an endeavor to present a comprehensive review of such MEMS pressure sensors, which are used in the aerospace industry and have been reported in recent literature. Originality/value As per the author’s understanding, usage of MEMS pressure sensors in the aerospace industry is quite limited due to cost constraints and indirect measurement approaches owing to the inability to locate sensors in harsh environments. Present work is a prime effort in summarizing the published literature for application of MEMS pressure sensors in the said field. Five broad application areas have been investigated including: propulsion/turbomachinery applications, turbulent flow diagnosis, experimental aerodynamics, micro-flow control and UAV/MAV applications.
34
Khatoon, Shahida, and Dhiraj Gupta. "Design and Assembly of an Experimental Fixed Wing Remote Controlled Glider Plane." Applied Mechanics and Materials 110-116 (October 2011): 1582–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.110-116.1582.
Full textAbstract:
In order to enable a mini-UAV to perform target acquisition, localization and continuous surveillance in real world environment one must develop a technology which may be a combination of aircraft engineering, control systems, and wireless communication. The major limiting factors in developing the capabilities of small low cost UAVs are connectivity, computational processing power and lack of resource integration. To overcome these limitations in this research we have tried to assemble an experimental fixed wing prototype glider plane capable of being remotely controlled in the range of 20 meters. We started with a light and flexible fat-propylene twine flute material and developed the airframe, interfaced it with radio controlled remote and embedded on-board micro controller on the glider airframe. Our glider took stable flight with the assembled propeller for 20 minutes successfully. The brushless DC servomotors used for electronic speed control of the UAV worked efficiently and were able to control the rudder and elevator in both directions. The significance of this research is that all the devices used here are low cost and highly efficient. In this paper we have investigated the use of reconfigurable computing as a viable alternative to increase the amount of computational power whilst at the same time minimizing the amount of weight, size, and power consumption.
35
Kraft, T., M. Geßner, H. Meißner, M. Cramer, M. Gerke, and H. J. Przybilla. "EVALUATION OF A METRIC CAMERA SYSTEM TAILORED FOR HIGH PRECISION UAV APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 6, 2016): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b1-901-2016.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we present the further evaluation of DLR’s modular airborne camera system MACS-Micro for small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The main focus is on standardized calibration procedures and on photogrammetric workflows. The current prototype consists of an industrial grade frame imaging camera with 12 megapixel resolutions and a compact GNSS/IMU solution which are operated by an embedded computing unit (CPU). The camera was calibrated once pre-flight and several times post-flight over a period of 5 month using a three dimensional test field. The verification of the radiometric quality of the acquired images has been done under controlled static conditions and kinematic conditions testing different demosaicing methods. The validation of MACS-Micro is done by comparing a traditional photogrammetric evaluation with the workflows of Agisoft Photoscan and Pix4D Mapper. The analyses are based on an aerial survey of an urban environment using precise ground control points and acquired GNSS observations. Aerial triangulations with different configuratrions of ground control points (GCP’s) had been calculated, comparing the results of using a camera self-calibration and introducing fixed interior orientation parameters for Agisoft and Pix4D. The results are promising concerning the metric characteristics of the used camera and achieved accuracies in this test case. Further aspects have to be evaluated by further expanded test scenarios.
36
Kraft, T., M. Geßner, H. Meißner, M. Cramer, M. Gerke, and H. J. Przybilla. "EVALUATION OF A METRIC CAMERA SYSTEM TAILORED FOR HIGH PRECISION UAV APPLICATIONS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B1 (June 6, 2016): 901–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b1-901-2016.
Full textAbstract:
In this paper we present the further evaluation of DLR’s modular airborne camera system MACS-Micro for small unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The main focus is on standardized calibration procedures and on photogrammetric workflows. The current prototype consists of an industrial grade frame imaging camera with 12 megapixel resolutions and a compact GNSS/IMU solution which are operated by an embedded computing unit (CPU). The camera was calibrated once pre-flight and several times post-flight over a period of 5 month using a three dimensional test field. The verification of the radiometric quality of the acquired images has been done under controlled static conditions and kinematic conditions testing different demosaicing methods. The validation of MACS-Micro is done by comparing a traditional photogrammetric evaluation with the workflows of Agisoft Photoscan and Pix4D Mapper. The analyses are based on an aerial survey of an urban environment using precise ground control points and acquired GNSS observations. Aerial triangulations with different configuratrions of ground control points (GCP’s) had been calculated, comparing the results of using a camera self-calibration and introducing fixed interior orientation parameters for Agisoft and Pix4D. The results are promising concerning the metric characteristics of the used camera and achieved accuracies in this test case. Further aspects have to be evaluated by further expanded test scenarios.
37
Solis, Jorge, Christoffer Karlsson, Simon Johansson, and Kristoffer Richardsson. "Towards the Development of an Automatic UAV-Based Indoor Environmental Monitoring System: Distributed Off-Board Control System for a Micro Aerial Vehicle." Applied Sciences 11, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 2347. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11052347.
Full textAbstract:
This research aims to develop an automatic unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based indoor environmental monitoring system for the acquisition of data at a very fine scale to detect rapid changes in environmental features of plants growing in greenhouses. Due to the complexity of the proposed research, in this paper we proposed an off-board distributed control system based on visual input for a micro aerial vehicle (MAV) able to hover, navigate, and fly to a desired target location without considerably affecting the effective flight time. Based on the experimental results, the MAV was able to land on the desired location within a radius of about 10 cm from the center point of the landing pad, with a reduction in the effective flight time of about 28%.
38
Perez-Paina, Gonzalo, Claudio Paz, Martín Pucheta, Bruno Bianchini, Fernando Martínez, and Martín Nievas. "Validation of an IMU-camera fusion algorithm using an industrial robot." Revista Tecnología y Ciencia, no. 37 (October 22, 2020): 101–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.33414/rtyc.37.101-111.2020.
Full textAbstract:
The integration of down-looking camera with an in-ertial measurement unit (IMU) sensor makes possible to provide a lightweight and low-cost pose estimation system for unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and micro-UAVs (MAVs). Recently, the authors developed an algorithm for IMU and exteroceptive sensor fusion filter for position and orientation estimation. The aim of the estimation is to be used in the outer control loop of an UAV for position control. This work presents an experimental set up to test that algorithm using an industrial robot to produce accurate planar trajectories as a safe alternative to testing the algorithm on real UAVs. The results of the IMU-camera fusion estimation for linear positions and linear velocities show an error admissible to be integrated on real UAVs.
39
Slingsby, James, Beth E. Scott, Louise Kregting, Jason McIlvenny, Jared Wilson, Ana Couto, Deon Roos, Marion Yanez, and Benjamin J. Williamson. "Surface Characterisation of Kolk-Boils within Tidal Stream Environments Using UAV Imagery." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 5 (April 30, 2021): 484. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9050484.
Full textAbstract:
High-flow tidal stream environments, targeted for tidal turbine installations, exhibit turbulent features, at fine spatio-temporal scales (metres and seconds), created by site-specific topography and bathymetry. Bed-derived turbulent features (kolk-boils) are thought to have detrimental effects on tidal turbines. Characterisation of kolk-boils is therefore essential to inform turbine reliability, control, and maintenance strategies. It will also improve the understanding of potential ecological interactions with turbines, as marine animals use these sites for foraging. Unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV), or drone, imagery offers a novel approach to take precise measurements of kolk-boil characteristics (distribution, presence, and area) at the surface. This study carried out sixty-three UAV surveys within the Inner Sound of the Pentland Firth, Scotland, UK, over four-day periods in 2016 and 2018. Kolk-boil characteristics were examined against relevant environmental covariates to investigate potential drivers of presence and area. The results show that distribution at the surface could be predicted based on tidal phase, with current velocity significantly influencing presence above 3.0 m/s. The technique can be used to inform turbine development, micro-siting and provide better understanding of environmental implications of turbine operation. Finally, it highlights the suitability of UAVs for capturing rapid fine-scale hydrodynamic data in the absence of in situ measurements.
40
Xian, Bin, Bo Zhao, Yao Zhang, and Xu Zhang. "A low-cost hardware-in-the-loop-simulation testbed of quadrotor UAV and implementation of nonlinear control schemes." Robotica 35, no. 3 (August 17, 2015): 588–612. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574715000727.
Full textAbstract:
SUMMARYDesigning and testing flight control algorithms for quadrotor UAVs (unmanned aerial vehicles) is not an easy task due to the risk of possible danger and damage during the practical flight. In order to improve the safety and efficiency of the flight control implementation, a low-cost real-time HILS (hardware-in-the-loop simulation) testbed for quadrotor UAVs is developed in this paper. To realize the HILS testbed, a miniature quadrotor is used as the main body, equipped with a micro AHRS (attitude heading reference system) unit and a self-build DSP (digital signal processor) board. The HILS is implemented by using xPC target. A compact PC/104 computer is utilized as the target computer, and a laptop PC is employed as the host computer. A desktop PC is used as flight visualization computer which runs FlightGear and Google Earth to show visual data, such as orientation and flight path of the quadrotor UAV. This testbed can be utilized for simulating various flight control algorithms, without losing safeness and reliableness. To demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed testbed, a new nonlinear adaptive sliding mode based stabilization control algorithm is developed and verified on the HILS testbed.
41
Jiang, Wei, Weiguo Zhang, Jingping Shi, Yongxi Lyu, and Huakun Chen. "Globally Asymptotic Stable Attitude Estimation with Application to MEMS Sensors." Xibei Gongye Daxue Xuebao/Journal of Northwestern Polytechnical University 38, no. 3 (June 2020): 550–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jnwpu/20203830550.
Full textAbstract:
Aiming at the requirement of attitude information module with high precision, small size and low power consumption for the control of miniature UAV, a practical attitude estimation algorithm based on the micro-electro-mechanical sensor is proposed in this paper, which realizes the accurate estimation of the attitude of the UAV under the condition of low acceleration. A low-cost MEMS gyroscope, accelerometer, and magnetometer are used in the system. The Euler angle is obtained by the state observer method based on Direction Cosine Matrix (DCM) which can be got by fusing the sensor data. Firstly, based on the basic idea of TRIAD algorithm, a method to determine the attitude rotation matrix by accelerometer and magnetometric measurement is proposed. Compared with the traditional method, this method does not have to calculate the inverse of the matrix. Secondly, a state observer is intended to estimate the attitude of the system. The state observer doesn't have to observe the bias of the gyroscope, but still ensures the convergence of the Euler angle. Finally, the simulation based on the actual sampling data of the MEMS sensor shows that the output of the state observer designed in this paper still has high accuracy and good dynamic characteristics under the condition of gyroscope noise and bias.
42
El-Salamony, Mostafa, and Mohamed A. Aziz. "Solar Panel Effect on Low-Speed Airfoil Aerodynamic Performance." Unmanned Systems 09, no. 04 (March 4, 2021): 333–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2301385021500175.
Full textAbstract:
Recently, a great interest in search of alternate means of power for the traditional fuel for aircraft propulsion is raised so as to decrease gas emissions and reduce operating costs. For the small and micro unmanned aerial vehicles or small transportation aircraft, there are many challenges in the direction of constructing an electric or solar powered airplane whose wings may possibly be sheltered with photo voltaic PV solar panels to harvest sun’s energy for propulsion. Greatest remarkably success solar powered aircraft has attracted the attention of researchers other than UAV and small aircraft supporters. Although the solar panel is thin, its thickness is considerable compared to the airfoil thickness. This paper aims to evaluate the impact of adding the solar panel over a low camber airfoil suitable for low-Reynolds number flights, as mini UAVs. Three panel installation configurations are examined to stand on the most suitable configuration, in terms of aerodynamic efficiency. The analysis is based on the airfoil characteristics (lift, drag, and moment) and the pressure distribution over the airfoil surface. A parametric study is conducted to study the effect of the solar panel size, thickness, and position on the aerodynamic performance.
43
Bieliakov, Robert. "Simulation of platform-free inertial navigation system of unmanned aerial vehicles based on neural network algorithms." Technology audit and production reserves 1, no. 2(57) (February 28, 2021): 15–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.15587/2706-5448.2021.225282.
Full textAbstract:
The object of research is the process of controlling the trajectory of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) in autonomous flight mode based on neural network algorithms. The study is based on the application of numerical-analytical approach to the selection of modern technical solutions for the construction of standard models of platformless inertial navigation systems (BINS) for micro and small UAVs, followed by support for assumptions. The results of simulation in the Matlab environment allowed to simulate the operation of the UAV control system based on MEMS technology (using microelectromechanical systems) and Arduino microcomputers. It was also possible to experimentally determine the nature of the influence of the structure of the selected neural network on the process of formation of navigation data during the disappearance of the GPS signal. Thus, to evaluate the effectiveness of the proposed solutions for the construction of BINS, a comparative analysis of the application of two algorithms ELM (Extreme Learning Machine)-Kalman and WANN (Wavelet Artificial Neural Network)-RNN (Recurrent Neural Network)-Madgwick in the form of two experiments. The purpose of the experiments was to determine: the study of the influence of the number of neurons of the latent level of the neural network on the accuracy of approximation of navigation data; determining the speed of the process of adaptive learning of neural network algorithms BINS UAV. The results of the experiments showed that the application of the algorithm based on ELM-Kalman provides better accuracy of learning the BINS neural network compared to the WANN-RNN-Madgwick algorithm. However, it should be noted that the accuracy of learning improved with the number of neurons in the structure of the latent level <500, which iincreases computational complexity and increases the learning process time. This can complicate the practical implementation using micro- and small UAV equipment. In addition, thanks to the simulation, the result of the study of the application of the proposed neural network algorithms to replace the input data instead of GPS signals to the input BINS, allowed to estimate the positioning error during the disappearance of GPS signals. Also, the application of the WANN-RNN-Madgwick algorithm allows to approximate and extrapolate the input signals of navigation parameters in a dynamic environment, while the process of adaptive learning in real time.
44
Chidi, Chhabi Lal, Wei Zhao, Suresh Chaudhary, Donghong Xiong, and Yanhong Wu. "Sensitivity Assessment of Spatial Resolution Difference in DEM for Soil Erosion Estimation Based on UAV Observations: An Experiment on Agriculture Terraces in the Middle Hill of Nepal." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi10010028.
Full textAbstract:
Soil erosion in the agricultural area of a hill slope is a fundamental issue for crop productivity and environmental sustainability. Building terrace is a very popular way to control soil erosion, and accurate assessment of the soil erosion rate is important for sustainable agriculture and environmental management. Currently, many soil erosion estimations are mainly based on the freely available medium or coarse resolution digital elevation model (DEM) data that neglect micro topographic modification of the agriculture terraces. The development of unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) technology enables the development of high-resolution (centimeter level) DEM to present accurate topographic features. To demonstrate the sensitivity of soil erosion estimates to DEM resolution at this high-resolution level, this study tries to evaluate soil erosion estimation in the Middle Hill agriculture terraces in Nepal based on UAV derived high-resolution (5 × 5 cm) DEM data and make a comparative study for the estimates by using the DEM data aggregated into different spatial resolutions (5 × 5 cm to 10 × 10 m). Firstly, slope gradient, slope length, and topographic factors were calculated at different resolutions. Then, the revised universal soil loss estimation (RUSLE) model was applied to estimate soil erosion rates with the derived LS factor at different resolutions. The results indicated that there was higher change rate in slope gradient, slope length, LS factor, and soil erosion rate when using DEM data with resolution from 5 × 5 cm to 2 × 2 m than using coarser DEM data. A power trend line was effectively used to present the relationship between soil erosion rate and DEM resolution. The findings indicated that soil erosion estimates are highly sensitive to DEM resolution (from 5 × 5 cm to 2 × 2 m), and the changes become relatively stable from 2 × 2 m. The use of DEM data with pixel size larger than 2 × 2 m cannot detect the micro topography. With the insights about the influencing mechanism of DEM resolution on soil erosion estimates, this study provides important suggestions for appropriate DEM data selection that should be investigated first for accurate soil erosion estimation.
45
Mazur, Anna Maria, and Roman Domanski. "Hybrid energy systems in unmanned aerial vehicles." Aircraft Engineering and Aerospace Technology 91, no. 5 (May 13, 2019): 736–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/aeat-08-2018-0218.
Full textAbstract:
Purpose The presented research is carried out in reaction to the soaring costs of fuel and tight control over environmental issues such as carbon dioxide emissions and noise. The purpose of this paper is to study the feasibility of applying the environmental-friendly energy source in an unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) propulsion system. Design/methodology/approach Currently, the majority of UAVs are still powered by conventional combustion engines. An electric propulsion system is most commonly found in civilian micro and mini UAVs. The UAV classification is reviewed in this study. This paper focuses mainly on application of electric propulsion systems in UAVs. Investigated hybrid energy systems consist of fuel cells, Li-ion batteries, super-capacitors and photovoltaic (PV) modules. Current applications of fuel cell systems in UAVs are also presented. Findings The conducted research shows that hybridization allows for better energy management and operation of every energy source onboard the UAV within its limits. The hybrid energy system design should be created to maximize system efficiency without compromising the performance of the aircraft. Practical implications The presented study highlights the reduction of the energy consumption, necessary to perform the mission and maximizing of the endurance with simultaneous decrease in emissions and noise level. Originality/value The conducted research studies the feasibility of implementing the environmental-friendly hybrid electric propulsion systems in UAVs that offers high efficiency, reliability, controllability, lack of thermal and noise signature, thus, providing quiet and clean drive with low vibration levels. This paper highlights the main challenges and current research on fuel cell in aviation and draws attention to fuel cell – electric system modeling, hybridization and energy management.
46
Caroti, G., A. Piemonte, I. Martínez-Espejo Zaragoza, and G. Brambilla. "INDOOR PHOTOGRAMMETRY USING UAVS WITH PROTECTIVE STRUCTURES: ISSUES AND PRECISION TESTS." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-3/W4 (March 6, 2018): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-3-w4-137-2018.
Full textAbstract:
<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> Management of disaster scenarios requires applying emergency procedures ensuring maximum safety and protection for field operators. Actual conditions of disaster sites are labelled as “Triple-D: Dull, Dusty, Dangerous” areas. It is well known that in this kind of areas and situations remote surveying systems are at their very best effective, and among these UAVs currently are an effective and performing field tool. Indoor spaces are a particularly complex scenario for this kind of surveys. In this case, technological advances currently offer micro-UAV systems, featuring 360° protective cages, which are able to collect video streams while flying in very tight spaces. Such cases require manual control of the vehicle, with the operator piloting the aircraft without prior knowledge of the status quo of the survey object and therefore without prior planning of flight paths. A possible benefit in terms of knowledge of the survey object could lay in the creation of a 3D model based on images extracted by video streams; to date, widely tested methods and techniques are available for processing UAV-borne video streams to obtain such models. Anyway, the protective cage and the need to use, in these operating conditions, wide-angle lenses presents some issues linked to ever-changing image framing, due to the presence of the cage wires on the field of view. The present work focused on this issue. Using this type of UAVs, video streams have been collected in different environments, both indoors and outdoors, testing several procedures for photogrammetric processing in order to assess the ability to create 3D models. These have been tested for reliability based on data collection conditions, also assessing the level of automation and speed attainable in post-processing. The present paper describes the different tests carried out and the related results.</p>
47
V, Somashekar. "A Computational Investigation of Unsteady Aerodynamics of Insect-Inspired Fixed Wing Micro Aerial Vehicle’s 2D Airfoil." Advances in Aerospace Engineering 2014 (June 17, 2014): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/504049.
Full textAbstract:
A Micro air vehicle (MAV) is defined as class of unmanned air vehicle (UAV) having a linear dimension of less than 15 centimeters and a mass of less than 100 grams with flight speeds of 6 to 12 meters per second. MAVs fall within a Reynolds number (Re) range of 50,000 and 120,000, in which many causes of unsteady aerodynamic effects are not fully understood. The research field of low Reynolds number aerodynamics is currently an active one, with many defence organizations, universities, and corporations working towards a better understanding of the physical processes of this aerodynamic regime. In the present work, it is proposed to study the unsteady aerodynamic analysis of 2D airfoil using CFD software and Xfoil panel code method. The various steps involved in this work are geometric modelling using CATIA V5R17, meshing using ICEM CFD, and solution and postprocessing through FLUENT. The finite control volume analysis and Xfoil panel code method has been carried out to predict aerodynamic characteristics such as lift coefficients, drag coefficients, moment coefficients, pressure coefficients, and flow visualization. The lift and drag coefficients were compared for all the simulations with experimental results. It was observed that for the 2D airfoil, lift and drag both compared well for the midrange angle of attack from −10 to 15 degree AOA.
48
Khaghani, M., and J. Skaloud. "APPLICATION OF VEHICLE DYNAMIC MODELING IN UAVS FOR PRECISE DETERMINATION OF EXTERIOR ORIENTATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 10, 2016): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprsarchives-xli-b3-827-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and especially micro aerial vehicle (MAV) technology together with increasing quality and decreasing price of imaging devices have resulted in growing use of MAVs in photogrammetry. The practicality of MAV mapping is seriously enhanced with the ability to determine parameters of exterior orientation (EO) with sufficient accuracy, in both absolute and relative senses (change of attitude between successive images). While differential carrier phase GNSS satisfies cm-level positioning accuracy, precise attitude determination is essential for both direct sensor orientation (DiSO) and integrated sensor orientation (ISO) in corridor mapping or in block configuration imaging over surfaces with low texture. Limited cost, size, and weight of MAVs represent limitations on quality of onboard navigation sensors and puts emphasis on exploiting full capacity of available resources. Typically short flying times (10-30 minutes) also limit the possibility of estimating and/or correcting factors such as sensor misalignment and poor attitude initialization of inertial navigation system (INS). This research aims at increasing the accuracy of attitude determination in both absolute and relative senses with no extra sensors onboard. In comparison to classical INS/GNSS setup, novel approach is presented here to integrated state estimation, in which vehicle dynamic model (VDM) is used as the main process model. Such system benefits from available information from autopilot and physical properties of the platform in enhancing performance of determination of trajectory and parameters of exterior orientation consequently. The navigation system employs a differential carrier phase GNSS receiver and a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) grade inertial measurement unit (IMU), together with MAV control input from autopilot. Monte-Carlo simulation has been performed on trajectories for typical corridor mapping and block imaging. Results reveal considerable reduction in attitude errors with respect to conventional INS/GNSS system, in both absolute and relative senses. This eventually translates into higher redundancy and accuracy for photogrammetry applications.
49
Khaghani, M., and J. Skaloud. "APPLICATION OF VEHICLE DYNAMIC MODELING IN UAVS FOR PRECISE DETERMINATION OF EXTERIOR ORIENTATION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLI-B3 (June 10, 2016): 827–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xli-b3-827-2016.
Full textAbstract:
Advances in unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV) and especially micro aerial vehicle (MAV) technology together with increasing quality and decreasing price of imaging devices have resulted in growing use of MAVs in photogrammetry. The practicality of MAV mapping is seriously enhanced with the ability to determine parameters of exterior orientation (EO) with sufficient accuracy, in both absolute and relative senses (change of attitude between successive images). While differential carrier phase GNSS satisfies cm-level positioning accuracy, precise attitude determination is essential for both direct sensor orientation (DiSO) and integrated sensor orientation (ISO) in corridor mapping or in block configuration imaging over surfaces with low texture. Limited cost, size, and weight of MAVs represent limitations on quality of onboard navigation sensors and puts emphasis on exploiting full capacity of available resources. Typically short flying times (10-30 minutes) also limit the possibility of estimating and/or correcting factors such as sensor misalignment and poor attitude initialization of inertial navigation system (INS). This research aims at increasing the accuracy of attitude determination in both absolute and relative senses with no extra sensors onboard. In comparison to classical INS/GNSS setup, novel approach is presented here to integrated state estimation, in which vehicle dynamic model (VDM) is used as the main process model. Such system benefits from available information from autopilot and physical properties of the platform in enhancing performance of determination of trajectory and parameters of exterior orientation consequently. The navigation system employs a differential carrier phase GNSS receiver and a micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) grade inertial measurement unit (IMU), together with MAV control input from autopilot. Monte-Carlo simulation has been performed on trajectories for typical corridor mapping and block imaging. Results reveal considerable reduction in attitude errors with respect to conventional INS/GNSS system, in both absolute and relative senses. This eventually translates into higher redundancy and accuracy for photogrammetry applications.
50
Alfonso-Torreño, Alberto, Álvaro Gómez-Gutiérrez, and Susanne Schnabel. "Dynamics of Erosion and Deposition in a Partially Restored Valley-Bottom Gully." Land 10, no. 1 (January 13, 2021): 62. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land10010062.
Full textAbstract:
Gullies are sources and reservoirs of sediments and perform as efficient transfers of runoff and sediments. In recent years, several techniques and technologies emerged to facilitate monitoring of gully dynamics at unprecedented spatial and temporal resolutions. Here we present a detailed study of a valley-bottom gully in a Mediterranean rangeland with a savannah-like vegetation cover that was partially restored in 2017. Restoration activities included check dams (gabion weirs and fascines) and livestock exclosure by fencing. The specific objectives of this work were: (1) to analyze the effectiveness of the restoration activities, (2) to study erosion and deposition dynamics before and after the restoration activities using high-resolution digital elevation models (DEMs), (3) to examine the role of micro-morphology on the observed topographic changes, and (4) to compare the current and recent channel dynamics with previous studies conducted in the same study area through different methods and spatio-temporal scales, quantifying medium-term changes. Topographic changes were estimated using multi-temporal, high-resolution DEMs produced using structure-from-motion (SfM) photogrammetry and aerial images acquired by a fixed-wing unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV). The performance of the restoration activities was satisfactory to control gully erosion. Check dams were effective favoring sediment deposition and reducing lateral bank erosion. Livestock exclosure promoted the stabilization of bank headcuts. The implemented restoration measures increased notably sediment deposition.